КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ АЗОТИРОВАННОГО СМЕШАННОГО ОКСИДА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕН-НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ КАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ ИЛИ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения α, β этилен-ненасыщенных карбоновых кислот или сложных эфиров, содержащему этапы, где вызывают контакт формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает водород, алкильную или арильную группу, в присутствии катализатора и возможно в присутствии спирта, где данный катализатор содержит азотированный оксид металла, имеющий, по меньшей мере, два типа катионов металлов Ми М, где Мвыбирают из металлов или металлоидов группы 3, 4, 13 (также называемой IIIA) или 14 (также называемой IVA) Периодической таблицы, и Мвыбирают из металлов металлоидов или фосфора группы 5 или 15 (также называемой VA) Периодической таблицы. Изобретение также относится к каталитической системе для реакции формальдегида или его подходящего источника с карбоновой кислотой или сложным эфиром формулы R-CH-COOR, где Rобозначает водород или алкильную группу, a Rобозначает ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2,3-ДИАЛКИЛХИНОЛИНОВ

Изобретение относится к области катализаторов, в частности к катализатору для получения 2,3-диалкилхинолинов. Предлагаемый катализатор состоит из комплекса [Nd(NO3)7]·[C5 H5NH]4, содержащего нитрат неодима, пиридин и азотную кислоту, взятых в мольном соотношении 1:4:4 соответственно. Преимуществом катализатора является его доступность. 1 табл.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2,3-ДИАЛКИЛХИНОЛИНОВ

Изобретение относится к области катализаторов, в частности к катализатору для получения 2, 3-диалкилхинолинов. Предлагаемый катализатор состоит из комплекса [La(NO3)7]·[C5H10NH2]4, содержащего нитрат лантана, пиперидин и азотную кислоту, взятых в мольном соотношении 1:4:4 соответственно. Преимуществом катализатора является его доступность. 1 табл.

РУТЕНИЕВЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ДИЦИКЛОПЕНТАДИЕНА И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к металлоорганической химии, в частности к способу получения карбенового комплекса рутения и способу метатезисной полимеризации дициклопентадиена. Катализатор метатезисной полимеризации дициклопентадиена представляет собой (1,3-бис-(2,4,6-триметилфенил)-2-имидазолидинилиден)дихлоро ! (о-N,N-диметиламино-метилфенилметилен)рутений формулы (1). Способ получения катализатора заключается в том, что катализатор Граббса второго поколения подвергают взаимодействию с 2-(N,N-диметиламинометил)стиролом в толуоле при нагревании в инертной атмосфере. В другом варианте способ получения катализатора состоит том, что катализатор Граббса первого поколения последовательно в одном реакторе подвергают взаимодействию с 1,3-бис-(2,4,6-триметилфенил)-2-трихлорометилимидазолидином, а затем с 2-(N,N-диметиламинометил)стиролом в толуоле при нагревании в инертной атмосфере. Способ метатезисной полимеризации дициклопентадиена характеризуется тем, что полимеризацию осуществляют с использованием ...

КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ ОКСИГИДРОКСИД-МОЛИБДОВОЛЬФРАМАТ ПЕРЕХОДНОГО МЕТАЛЛА

Разработан активный катализатор гидрообработки, предназначенный для использования в процессах конверсии углеводородов: гидроденитрификации, гидрообессеривания, гидродеметаллирования, гидродесиликации, гидродеароматизации, гидроизомеризации, гидроочистки, гидрофайнинга и гидрокрекинга. Катализатор представляет собой материал кристаллического оксигидроксида-молибдовольфрамата металла, имеющего формулу:(NH)M(OH)MoWO,где а находится в диапазоне от 0,1 до 10; М представляет собой металл, выбранный из Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn и их смесей; b находится в диапазоне от 0,1 до 2; х находится в диапазоне от 0,5 до 1,5; у находится в диапазоне от 0,01 до 0,4; где сумма (x+y) должна быть ≤1,501; z представляет собой число, которое соответствует сумме валентностей а, M, b, x и y; при этом материал имеет порошковую рентгендифрактограмму, показывающую пики при d-расстояниях, перечисленных в таблице A:Таблица А3 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 1 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРИЛЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ ЭФИРОВ ПРОПИОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

Сущность изобретения: продукт-арилзамещенный эфир пропионовой кислоты ф-лы 1, где R1и R2 и C1-C4 -линейный или разветвленный алкил; R3 - водород или C1 -C4 -линейный или разветвленный алкил; R4- C1-C4 -линейный или разветвленный алкил, которые могут быть одинаковыми или отличаться друг от друга. Чистота 97-96% , конверсия 96%. Реагент 1: пространственно-затрудненный фенол, например, 2,6-ди-трет.бутилфенол. Реагент 2: акрилат, например, метилакрилат. Условия реакции: в присутствии основного катализатора, взятого количестве в 15-30 мол.% на 1 моль фенола; в присутствии комплексообразователя, взятого в количестве 30-65 мол.% на 1 моль фенола при 110-200°С, подвергают взаимодействию фенола с катализатором, затем выводят по крайней мере 95% побочных продуктов, а затем добавляют весь или почти весь акрилат. 6 з.п. ф-лы.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ ФОТОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к области фотокатализа. Описан катализатор для процесса фотокаталитического получения водорода из щелочного раствора триэтаноламина под действием видимого излученияс нанесенными на поверхность графитоподобного нитрида углерода g-C3N4 частицами платины, имеющий состав 0,5 мас.% Pt/g-C3N4 и характеризующийся следующими параметрами: удельная поверхность 66-80 м2/г, объем пор 0,27-0,33 см3/г, размер частиц 15-18 нм. Описан способ приготовления указаного выше катализатора, который заключается в термолизе супрамолекулярного аддукта меламин-циануровая кислота в атмосфере воздуха при температуре 550°С в течение 2 ч с получением графитоподобного нитрида углерода g-C3N4, пропитке g-C3N4 раствором нитрата платины в ацетоне, с последующим восстановлением платины в токе водорода, в результате получают катализатор, имеющий состав 0,5 мас.% Pt/g-C3N4 и характеризующийся следующими параметрами: удельная поверхность 66-80 м2/г, объем пор 0,27-0,33 см3/г, размер частиц 15-18 нм. Описан ...

Способ получения фотокатализатора реакции разложения воды на основе молекулярно-допированного нитрида углерода

Изобретение относится к фотокатализаторам реакции разложения воды на химических производствах, специализирующихся на тонком и основном органических синтезах, а также на предприятиях в области водородной энергетики. Способ получения фотокатализатора реакции разложения воды на основе молекулярно-допированного нитрида углерода, при котором предварительно определяют величину навесок меламина и 4-аминобензо[с][1,2,5]тиадиазола или 4-аминобензо[с][1,2,5]селенадиазола в соответствии с заданными массой фотокатализатора и степенью допирования, навески перетирают до получения гомогенизированной смеси, затем смесь в закрытом крышкой тигле помещают в муфельную печь с инертной атмосферой, нагревают со скоростью 3°С/мин до температуры 550°С, выдерживают в течение одного часа, охлаждают до комнатной температуры, затем полученный материал извлекают из печи, перетирают, засыпают в открытый тигель, помещают в печь и осуществляют повторный нагрев в атмосферном воздухе со скоростью 3°С/мин до температуры 550 ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕМЕРКАПТАНИЗАЦИИ НЕФТИ И НЕФТЯНЫХ ДИСТИЛЛЯТОВ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализаторам окислительной очистки нефти и нефтяных дистиллятов, в частности топочного мазута, от меркаптанов и сероводорода и может быть использовано в нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности. Описан способ получения катализатора для окислительной демеркаптанизации нефти и нефтяных дистиллятов на основе комплекса производного переходного металла с азотсодержащим лигандом, отличающийся тем, что готовят смесь вода - моноэтаноламин в соотношении 20/80% об., в указанной смеси растворяют расчетные количества производного переходного металла и алифатического амина при мольном соотношении их от 1/1 до 1/4, полученный таким образом гомогенный катализатор выдерживают далее при температуре 80-95°С в течение 0,5-1,0 час и при этом через раствор катализатора пропускают воздух, причем в качестве производного переходного металла используют хлориды, ацетаты, оксихлориды или нафтенаты кобальта, никеля или меди, а в качестве азотсодержащих лигандов используют алифатические амины.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ ХИНОНОВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения замещенных хинонов, в том числе 2,3,5-триметил-1,4-бензохинона (ТМБХ) - ключевого интермедиата в синтезе витамина Е, широко применяемого в медицинской практике и животноводстве, а также к синтезу катализаторов для этого способа. Описан катализатор для процесса получения замещенных хинонов путем окисления ароматических соединений пероксидом водорода, включающий ванадийсодержащий полиоксовольфрамат TBAH[γ-PVWO], где n=1, закрепленный на твердом носителе - азотсодержащем углеродном материале, который представляет собой нанотрубки или нановолокна, содержание полиоксовольфрамата в катализаторе составляет 5-25 мас. %. Способ приготовления указанного гетерогенного катализатора заключается в том, что к раствору полиоксовольфрамата в ацетонитриле добавляют носитель - азотсодержащий углеродный материал, который представляет собой нанотрубки или нановолокна, и минеральную кислоту, полученный катализатор отделяют фильтрованием от раствора и сушат. Также описан ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СПОСОБЫ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В СПОСОБЕ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ

Предложены каталитические композиции для полимеризации и способы получения указанных композиций. Описан способ получения каталитической композиции для полимеризации олефинов, включающий: осуществление контакта катализатора на подложке с жирным амином в жидком носителе с образованием суспензии из катализатора на подложке и жирного амина в жидком носителе; причем указанный жирный амин по существу не содержит мелкодисперсного неорганического материала; и высушивание указанной суспензии с образованием по существу свободно сыпучего порошка, и отличающийся тем, что указанный жирный амин представлен формулой (R1)xN(R2OH)y, где R1представляет собой углеводородный радикал, содержащий от 8 до 40 атомов углерода; R2представляет собой углеводородный радикал, содержащий от 1 до 8 атомов углерода; и х принимает значение 1 или 2 и х+у=3; и указанный катализатор на подложке содержит одно или более металлоценовых соединений, выбранных из: (пентаметилциклопентадиенил)(пропилциклопентадиенил)МХ2,(тетраметилциклопентадиенил ...

Способ получения композитного материала на основе нитрида углерода и диоксида титана, активного под действием электромагнитного излучения видимого и ультрафиолетового диапазона

Изобретение может быть использовано при получении композитного материала, пригодного для фотосорбционной очистки сточных вод и извлечения редких металлов. Способ получения композитного материала на основе нитрида углерода и диоксида титана включает термическое разложение меламина в одной реакционной зоне с диоксидом титана. Сначала проводят гомогенизацию смеси диоксида титана и меламина в дистиллированной воде, добавленной в пропорции 1:5 по отношению к сухой смеси, под действием ультразвука в течение 10 мин и сушку при 80 °C в течение 2 ч. Соотношение массы диоксида титана к меламину при этом составляет от 1:4 до 1:6. Затем проводят отжиг в закрытом тигле на воздухе при 550-600 °C в течение 4 ч со скоростью нагрева 8-10 °C/мин. Изобретение позволяет получить композитный материал на основе графитоподобного нитрида углерода и диоксида титана g-C3N4/TiO2, способный к сорбции под действием электромагнитного излучения видимого и ультрафиолетового диапазона. 3 ил., 1 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОНКОДИСПЕРСНОЙ ЖИДКОЙ ФОРМЫ ФТАЛОЦИАНИНОВОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЕМЕРКАПТАНИЗАЦИИ НЕФТИ И ГАЗОКОНДЕНСАТА

Способ получения тонкодисперсной жидкой формы фталоцианинового катализатора демеркаптанизации нефти и газоконденсата на основе производных фталоцианина кобальта и его хлорзамещенных продуктов, отличающийся тем, что полученную в результате сульфирования фталоцианина кобальта или его хлорзамещенных производных олеумом сульфомассу и полученный аддукт с серной кислотой последовательно осаждают водой с образованием смеси дисульфокислот фталоцианина кобальта или его хлорзамещенных производных и тонкодисперсных частиц фталоцианина кобальта или его хлорзамещенных производных с последующим переводом дисульфокислот в раствор обработкой алканоламинами общей формулы (CH-)N(-CH-CH-OH)где m=0-2, и стабилизацией жидкой формы катализатора линейными полиэфирами (полиэтиленгликолями).

Способ получения олигомеров пропилена

Катализатор синтеза аммиака

Способ получения 1,2-дихлорэтана

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON EINEM ALKANON UND/ODER ALKANOL

GASPHASENNITRIERUNGSKATALYSATOREN UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG UND IHRER VERWENDUNG.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER AMIDVERBINDUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 2,2-DIMETHYL-3-VINYL-CYCLOPROPANCARBONSAEUREN UND DEREN ESTERN

HYDRIERUNGSKATALYSATOREN UND HYDRIERUNGSVERFAHREN

Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten und unsubstituierten 2-Carbamoyl-nicotin- und 3-Chinolincarbonsäuren

Verfahren zur katalytischen Disproportionierung acyclischer Olefine

Substituierte Phenylcarbamate

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON DIARYLCARBONATEN

Process for the oxychlorination of organic compounds

... 1,141,369. Oxychlorination process. HOOKER CHEMICAL CORP. 4 Feb., 1966 [25 Feb., 1965], No. 5087/66. Heading C2C. A process for the oxychlorination of alkenes comprises, (a) contacting and reacting at a temperature of 170-400‹ C. in the vapour phase and in the presence of an oxychlorination catalyst (i) oxygen, (ii) a C 2-4 alkene or partially halogenated alkene, (iii) an inorganic gas as diluent, and (iv) as chlorinating agent, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, or a mixture of hydrogen chloride and chlorine, the amount of chlorinating agent being less than that stoichiometrically required to add two chlorine atoms to each molecule of alkene, (b) subsequently partially condensing the effluent gases, (c) separating the condensate, and (d) recycling substantially all of the non-condensed gases, thereby providing additional reactants and diluent gases for further reaction.

METAL NITRIDES AS CRACKING CATALYSTS

... 1293179 Cracking hydrocarbons ESSO RESEARCH & ENG CO 23 Dec 1969 [21 Jan 1969] 62646/69 Heading C5E [Also in Division B1] Hydrocarbon feedstocks are cracked in contact with a catalyst comprising aluminium nitride, boron nitride or silicon nitride either alone or in a composition also comprising 80- 99% wt. alumina or silica-alumina. The specified feedstock is virgin gas oil which is cracked at 700-1200‹ F., at a pressure of 1 atmos. to 100 p.s.i.g. and a feed velocity of 0À1 to 10 w./w./hr. In the examples East Texas light gas oil and a 650-850‹ F. gas oil are so cracked at 950‹ F., atmos. press. and a feed rate of 4À3 w./ w./hr. to give products of specified product distribution.

Process for the manufacture of acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is prepared from acetylene and hydrocyanic acid at 70-110 DEG C. and 1-4 atmospheres absolute in an aqueous catalyst solution containing complex cuprous salts and 0.2-3.5% by weight of HCl, additional CuCl being dissolved in the catalyst solution by provision of cuprous cyanide and/or cuprous acetylide therein so as to maintain a molar ratio of Cu+ to the sum of all complex-formers (there being CuCl, HCl, NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, cyanides, nitriles and acetylides) within the range 1 : 1.8 to 1 : 1.5. The cuprous cyanide or acetylide may be provided in the solution by adding the compound, or by introducing HCN and C2H2 simultaneously, in each case in the presence of CuCl, e.g. in a storage zone through which part of the catalyst solution is circulated. Excess complex-formers produced during the reaction are removed, e.g. by diluting with water a portion of circulating catalyst solution introduced into the CuCl storage zone, allowing the CuCl precipitate to deposit, and removing the ...

PREPARATION OF 4-CHLOROBENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE AND 4,4'-DICHLORODIPHENYL SULFONE

Cobalt hydrocarbonyl

Cobalt hydrocarbonyl is prepared by reacting together, in an aqueous medium, CoCl2, CO and Fe powder in the presence of an alkali metal sulphide or thiosulphate as promoter. The latter may be Na2S or Na2S2O3 and may be used at 1 to 20 mole per cent with respect to the cobalt used. The cobalt hydrocarbonyl is obtained from an intermediate iron complex by acidification (e.g. with HCl) and displacement with CO. Reaction may take place at 15-50 DEG C. and 10 to 30 atmospheres. 3 gram atoms of Fe per gram mol of CoCl2 may be used and the Fe may be fine enough to pass through a sieve having 16,000 meshes per sq. cm.

PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS

... 1529821 Polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams M & T CHEMICALS Inc 17 Sept 1975 [9 April 1975] 38258/75 Heading C3R A process for the preparation of a polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate foam comprises reacting an organic polyol contianing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms with an organic polyisocyanate simultaneously to trimerize the polyisocyanate and to form urethane groups, the reaction being carried out in the presence of 0À01 to 5 parts by weight of a 1,3,5-tris(N,N-dialkylamino alkyl) hexahydrotriazine, or an adduct thereof with an alkylene oxide and water, and 0À01 to 5 parts by weight of an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid containing from 2 to 19 carbon atoms per 100 parts by weight of the organic polyisocyanate. The preferred alkali metal salt is potassium-2- ethyl hexoate and the preferred triazine is 1,3,5-tris-(dimethylaminopropyl)-hexahydrotriazine. The preferred polyisocyanate is polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate and suitable polyols are castor ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OBLONG PARTICLES FROM CUBIC BORON NITRIDE

COATING COMPOSITION WITH PHOTO-CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

ISOLATING ONE AND FUNCTIONAL ONE FINE METALLIFEROUS PARTICLES WITH CONFORMAL ULTRADÜNNEN FILMS

CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINEN.

USING A THERMALLY ACTIVATED NHETEROCYCLI CARBENE FORERUNNER EDUCATION HIGH-ACTIVITY ONE METALLCARBENMETATHESEKATALYSATOREN

PROCEDURE FOR THE RECOVERY OF AN IRON/CPHOSPHATE CATALYST

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OBLONG PARTICLES FROM CUBIC BORON NITRIDE

Procedure for the Epoxydation of Olefinen with hydraulic peroxides

CATALYST COMPOSITION FUER THE PRODUCTION A POLYISOCYANURATS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLOROPHOSPHAZEN IN PRESENCE OF TO (DICHLOROPHOSPHORYL) IMIDE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF S-SUBSTITUTING ISO THIOUREAS.

PROCEDURE FOR OXIDIZING OF LIQUID.

PROCEDURE FOR THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF THE WATER SOLUTIONS OF GLYOXYLSAEURE.

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF n PHOSPHONMETHYLGLYZIN.

PROCEDURE FOR STEREOREGULAREN THE POLYMERIZATION OF ALFA OLEFINEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CRACK PRODUCTS WITH LOW SULFUR AND STICKSTOFFGEHALT

PROCEDURE FOR A CHEMICAL CATALYTIC REACTION

CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR DINITRIERUNG OF AROMATIC SUBSTRATES

Transition metal-carbide and nitride containing catalysts , their preparation and use as oxidation and dehydrogenation catalysts

Transition metal-containing catalysts and catalyst combinations including transition metal-containing catalysts and processes for their preparation and use as oxidation catalysts

PRODUCTION OF CUBIC BORON NITRIDE

ALKYLATION PROCESS

STEREOREGULAR POLYMERIZATION OF ALPHA-OLEFINS

Hydroconversion process using bulk group VIII/group VIB catalysts

Process for preparation of aminocarboxylic acids

Transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides and their oxygen containing analogs useful as water gas shift catalysts

A TRANSPARENT PHOTOCATALYTIC COATING FOR IN-SITU GENERATION OF FREE RADICALS COMBATING MICROBES, ODORS OR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN VISIBLE LIGHT

A transparent photocatalytic coating for in-situ generation of free radicals combating microbes, odors and organic compounds in visible light is disclosed, featuring a catalytic material comprising a dopant and having particle size distribution suitable for exciton-confinment to accumulatively shift the photocatalytic process into visible light range. Furthermore, the present invention features a method of producing the photocatalytic material described herein. Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method of application of the photocatalytic coating to a surface of a locus. Finally, the present invention features using the photocatalytic coating for removing contaminants and microorganisms at the locus.

PROCESS FOR MAKING AMINE MOLYBDATES

Amine molybdates are formed by reacting molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) with an amine in an aqueous medium essentially free of acid and in which is dissolved a water-soluble ammonium or monovalent metal or divalent metal or trivalent rare earth metal salt of an acid, or a combination thereof. Although the reaction may be carried out at room temperature, the reaction mixture desirably is heated to between about 75.degree.C to 110.degree.C. and preferably is refluxed to reduce the time required for completion of the reaction. The reaction slurry is stirred while the reaction is occurring. Upon completion of the reaction, the amine molybdate is separated from the liquid phase, and is washed and dried. After removal of the solid amine molybdate from the slurry the liquid component can be reused avoiding possible environmental difficulties.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INTERMEDIATE OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF TOLUENES HAVING ETHER LINKAGES

A process for the production of alcohols and/or aldehydes which comprises subjecting a toluene derivative having an ether linkage or linkages of the general formula: wherein RO is an ether grouping where R stands for a hydrocarbyl group with 1?20 carbon atoms which may carry an inert substituent or substituents and n stands for an integers of 1?2 to auto-oxidation with molecular oxygen in liquid phase to form the corresponding alcohol and/or aldehydes, characterized in that the reaction is carried out by using a lower saturated fatty acid and/or an anhydride thereof as solvent in the presence of a soluble cobalt salt and a bromine ion-supplying substance at a reaction temperature ranging from 30.degree.C to 200.degree.C in such manner that the conversion rate of the toluene derivative does not exceed 90-.

CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

PROCESS FOR PREPARING NEW DIAMINES AND THEIR USE IN CAPILLARY DYEING

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un composé répondant à la formule: (V) dans laquelle R désigne un radical alkyle, hydroxyalkyle ou aminoalkyle; R1 désigne un atome d'hydrogène ou d'halogène, ou un radical alkyle; Y désigne le groupement dans lequel n a une valeur de 0 à 8, ou bien le groupement dans lequel n' a une valeur de 0 à 4. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à (i) condenser un hydrocarbure dihalogéné sur une aniline N-substituée; (ii) à procéder à la nitrosation du composé en résultant; et (iii) à procéder à la réduction du composé ainsi obtenu. Les composés de formule (V) sont utiles en teinture capillaire d'oxydation. L'invention concerne également de nouveaux composés constitués par le N,N'-bis-(.beta.-hydroxyéthyl)N,N'-bis(4'-aminophényl)1,3-diami-nopropane-2-ol et par la N,N'-bis(éthyl)N,N'-bis(4'-amino 3'-méthylphényl)éthylènediamine, ainsi que de nouveaux intermédiaires utilisés dans le procédé selon l'invention.

CATALYSIS

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INTERMEDIATE OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF TOLUENES HAVING ETHER LINKAGES

HYDROTREATING USING BULK MULTIMETALLIC CATALYSTS

... ▓▓▓Hydrotreating a petroleum feedstream comprised of at least 50 wt. % of an ▓atmospheric distillation distillate boiling range product stream, preferably ▓hydrodesulfurization of raw virgin petroleum distillates, using a bulk ▓multimetallic catalyst comprised of at least one Group VIII non-noble metal ▓and at least two Group VIB metal wherein the ratio of Group VIB metal to Group ▓VIII metal is from about 10:1 to 1:10.▓ ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL NITRIDES AND METAL CARBIDES

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300°C for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

INTERCALATION COMPOUND OF A GRAPHITE WITH A THIAZYL SALT, A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL COMPRISING THE INTERCALATION COMPOUND OF A GRAPHITE WITH A THIAZYL SALT

METAL OXYNITRIDE ELECTRODE CATALYST

... [Problems] Carbides and many other non-platinum-based compounds are activated and dissolved and cannot be stably present in an acidic electrolyte under conditions of an electrode potential as high as 0.4 V or above, and thus, the application range of these compounds as an electrode catalyst is limited to low electrode potentials. There has been need for development of an electrode catalyst that maintains catalytic activity under these conditions and exhibits improved stability. [Means for Solving Problems] To provide a metal oxynitride electrode catalyst composed of an oxynitride containing at least one transition metal element selected from the group consisting of La, Ta, Nb, Ti, and Zr, the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst being used at a potential of 0.4 V or higher relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode potential in an acidic electrolyte. The metal oxynitride electrode catalyst is useful as an electrode catalyst for electrochemical systems used in acidic electrolytes in the ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING VINYL AROMATIC MONOMER POLYMERIZATION

Compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The compositions comprise an oxime compound and a hydroxylamine compound and, alternatively, an oxime compound or a dinitrophenol, a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound The methods comprise adding one of the compositions to the vinyl aromatic monomer in an amount ranging from 1 to about 10,000 parts per million parts monomer. An improved method for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers with a hydroxylamine compound is also disclosed. The improvement provides for adding a catalytic amount of a phenylenediamine compound to the vinyl aromatic monomer system while replacing any phenylenediamine compound lost as a result of physical removal from the system via the waste stream.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMMONIA AND AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for the preparation of ammonia from ammonia synthesis gas by contacting the synthesis gas with ammonia forming conditions with a catalyst comprising ruthenium as the active catalytic material supported on a carrier of boron nitride and/or silicon nitride.

PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION REACTIONS

Partial oxidation process of liquid and/or gaseous fuels, by means of a catalytic system, preferably consisting of oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides containing one or more elements selected from Rh, Ru, Ir, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, Cr and Cu, comprising the following steps: - premixing and, upon start-up, preheating the reagents consisting of natural gas, oxygen or air or air enriched in oxygen, optionally vapour and/or CO2, to temperatures ranging from 150 to 600 ~C, below the flash-point values, so that the surface rate of the reaction gases is maintained above the flame rate and the temperature of the reagent mixture in the area preceding the catalytic bed is below its flash point; - reacting the reagent mixture in the reaction zone by interaction of the catalyst, activating it at temperatures ranging from 150 to 600 ~C and at space velocities ranging from 50,000 to 5,000,000 Nl reagents/L cat x h, reaching temperatures ranging from 600 to 1350 ~C.

HYDROCONVERSION MULTI-METALLIC CATALYSTS AND METHOD FOR MAKING THEREOF

The invention relates to a self-supported mixed metal sulfide (MMS) catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstock and to a method for preparing the catalyst. The catalyst can be any of: a bi-metallic catalyst consisting essentially of nickel sulfide and tungsten sulfide, with Ni:W in a mole ratio of 1:3 to 4:1, on a transition metal basis; a bi-metallic catalyst consists essentially of molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide, with at least 0.1 mol% of Mo and at least 0.1 mol% of W, on a transition metal basis; or a tri-metallic catalyst ratios with components Ni:Mo:W in a region defined by five points ABCDE of a ternary phase diagram: A (Ni=0.72, Mo=0.00, W=0.25), B (Ni=0.25, Mo=0.00, W=0.75), C (Ni=0.25, Mo=0.25, W=0.50), D (Ni=0.60, Mo=0.25, W=0.15), E (Ni=0.72, Mo=0.13, W=0.15). The catalyst is characterized as having multiple phases for enhanced HYD and HYL activities, and outstanding HDN and HDS performance.

PREPARING CATALYST FOR OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION

Improvements or modifications of earlier process for preparing chromium-containing compounds, such as, for example, chromium pyrrolides, by forming a mixture of a chromium salt, a metal amide, particularly a pyrrolide, and an electron pair donor solvent, such as, for example, an ether, and reaction with an unsaturated hydrocarbon are disclosed, including use of pyrrole or derivatives thereof as the pyrrolide and an aliphatic as the unsaturated hydrocarbon. A new process for preparing a catalyst system comprises combining a metal source, a pyrrole-containing compound and a metal alkyl without a preliminary reaction step between the metal source and the pyrrole-containing compound in the presence of an electron donor solvent. These catalyst systems and chromium-containing compounds either unsupported or supported on an inorganic oxide support, if desired functioning as a cocatalyst in combination with another polymerization catalyst, such as containing chromium or titanium, can be used to ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN ALKANONE AND/OR ALKANOL

The invention relates to a process for preparing an alkane and/or alkanol by oxidizing an alkane with 3-30 C-atoms, us- ing oxygen, to form an alkyl hydroperoxide, followed by a decomposition of t he resulting alkyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a metal compound immobilized on a carrier, which carrier carries aliphatic o r aromatic amine groups or sulphide groups. The process is preferably applied to cycloalkanes.

LIQUID OXIDIZING METHOD AND APPARATUS

AMINES CATALYSIS USING METALLIC PHOSPHATE CONDENSATION CATALYSTS HAVING A CYCLIC STRUCTURE

AMINES CATALYSIS USING METALLIC PHOSPHATE CONDENSATION CATALYSTS HAVING A CYCLIC STRUCTURE This invention relates to a process for making amines by condensing an amino compound in the presence of a metallic phosphate condensation catalyst having a cyclic structure or an acyclic structure which is transformed into a cyclic structure during said process. This invention also relates to an alkyleneamines producers composition rich in triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA).

PREPARATION OF POLYOXYALKYLENE-ALPHA, OMEGA-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

A process for the preparation of a polyoxyalkylene-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid by reacting the corresponding polyoxyalkylene glycol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NOx-generating compound and optionally, an oxidant and/or a solvent, at a temperature in the range of from 0.degree.C to 100.degree.C and thereafter separating out the polyoxyalkylene-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.

PREPARATION OF POLYOXYALKYLENE-ALPHA, OMEGA-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

A process for the preparation of a polyoxyalkylene-alpha,omega dicarboxylic acid by reacting the corresponding polyoxyalkylene glycol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO x- generating compound and optionally, an oxidant and/or a solvent, at a temperature in the range of from 0 .degree.C to 100 .degree.C and thereafter separating out the polyoxyalkylene-alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kontaktträgern

Procédé d'enrichissement en deutérium d'un composé hydrogéné

Procédé d'hydrogénation catalytique.

Catalyseur d'hydrogénation et procédé de préparation de celui-ci.

Haltbare, reduzierend wirkende Mischung

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gemisches von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Alkoholen aus Kohlenoxyd und Wasserdampf

Katalysator, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben und Verwendung desselben

Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel

Verfahren zur Herstellung a,a-dialkylverzweigter Carbonsäuren bzw. ihrer Alkylester

Procédé de saturation par contact direct d'une phase gazeuse par de la vapeur d'un liquide chargé d'un composé complémentaire non volatil et application de ce procédé

Verfahren zur Herstellung von abriebfesten für die Umlagerung von Ketoximen geeigneten borsäurehaltigen Katalysatoren

Procédé pour la préparation d'hydrogène enrichi en deutérium

Verfahren zum Polymerisieren von Äthylen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochwirksamen Katalysatoren

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mischoligomeren aus 1,3-Dienen und Verbindungen mit aktivierter olefinischer Doppelbindung

Procédé pour la polymérisation de monomères

Procédé de préparation des solutions solides de nitrures et d'oxynitrures de métaux de transition

Oxidation catalyst, reduction catalyst, and catalyst for purging exhaust gas

An oxidation catalyst containing a carbon material prepared by calcining a transition metal compound and a nitrogen-containing organic substance, or a transition metal compound, a nitrogen-containing organic substance, and a carbon compound not containing nitrogen, the oxidation catalyst oxidizing CO and/or a hydrocarbon.

FUEL REFORMER, SELECTIVE CO METHANATION METHOD, SELECTIVE CO METHANATION CATALYST, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

Provided is a catalyst for fuel reformation that causes carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen gas, which is produced from a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, to react with hydrogen and thereby to be transformed into methane, while inhibiting methanation of carbon dioxide contained in the hydrogen gas. The selective CO methanation catalyst includes at least one of a halogen, an inorganic acid, and a metal oxo-acid adsorbed or bonded as a carbon dioxide reaction inhibitor to a carbon monoxide methanation active component. 1. A fuel reformer for producing hydrogen gas from a hydrocarbon fuel for supply to a fuel cell , comprising a selective CO methanation reactor for selectively transforming carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas under reformation containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into methane , wherein;the selective CO methanation reactor includes a catalyst for selectively transforming carbon monoxide into methane, and wherein;the catalyst includes an oxide support with at least one of a noble metal and a transition metal supported thereon as an active component, and at least one of a halogen (excluding chlorine from chloride of the active metal), an inorganic acid (excluding hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid from inorganic acid salt of the active metal), and a metal oxo-acid (excluding molybdic acid, tungstic acid, perrhenic acid, and platinic acid), and a precursor, a reactant, and a decomposition product thereof adsorbed or bonded thereto as a carbon dioxide methanation reaction inhibitor.2. A fuel reformer for producing hydrogen gas from a hydrocarbon fuel for supply to a fuel cell , comprising a selective CO methanation reactor for selectively transforming carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas under reformation containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide into methane , wherein;the selective CO methanation reactor includes a catalyst for selectively transforming carbon monoxide into methane, and wherein;the catalyst includes an oxide support with at ...

PHOTOCATALYST COMPOSITION OF MATTER

There is described a photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material. A surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O, and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound. The photocatalyst composition of matter can be used to treat an aqueous fluid containing a target chemical compound, for example, by a process comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the aqueous fluid with the above-mentioned photocatalyst composition of matter; (ii) contacting the aqueous fluid with radiation during Step (i); (iii) catalyzing the conversion of water in the aqueous fluid to Hand Owith the first catalytic material; and (iv) catalyzing reaction of the target chemical compound in the aqueous fluid with hydrogen from Step (iii) in the presence of the second catalytic material to produce a modified chemical compound. 1. A photocatalyst composition of matter comprising a support material , a surface of the support material configured to comprise: (i) a first catalytic material for catalyzing the conversion of HO to Hand O , and (ii) a second catalytic material catalyzing reaction of hydrogen with a target compound.2. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the second catalytic material catalyzes reaction of hydrogen with a target organic compound.37-. (canceled)8. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a particulate support material.9. (canceled)10. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a transition metal oxide having a band gap in the range of from about 1.23 to about 6.7 eV.1112-. (canceled)13. The photocatalyst composition of matter defined in claim 1 , wherein the support material comprises a non-photocatalytically active material.1418-. (canceled)19. The photocatalyst composition of matter ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL CELL CATALYST, FUEL CELL CATALYST, AND USES THEREOF

A method for producing a fuel cell catalyst containing a metal oxycarbonitride, the method including: a step of producing a metal oxycarbonitride by heating a metal carbonitride in an inert gas containing oxygen gas; and a step of bringing the metal oxycarbonitride into contact with an acidic solution. 1. A method for producing a fuel cell catalyst containing a metal oxycarbonitride , the method comprising: a step of producing a metal oxycarbonitride by heating a metal carbonitride in an inert gas containing oxygen gas; anda step of bringing the metal oxycarbonitride into contact with an acidic solution.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic solution is an aqueous solution of at least one type of acid selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , and acetic acid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting step is performed under the following conditions:Temperature: 15 to 100° C.Time: 0.1 to 500 hoursAcid concentration: 0.01 to 15 N.4. A fuel cell catalyst produced via the production method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxycarbonitride at least comprises niobium or titanium.5. The fuel cell catalyst according to claim 4 , having not more than 15% by mass of dissolved metal content as defined by the following formula:{'br': None, 'Dissolved metal content=(mass of metal dissolved when immersing the fuel cell catalyst in a 1N sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 60° C. for 150 hours)/(mass of fuel cell catalyst before immersing)×100.'}6. A fuel cell catalyst layer comprising the fuel cell catalyst according to .7. The fuel cell catalyst layer according to claim 6 , further comprising electron conductive particles.8. An electrode comprising a fuel cell catalyst layer and a porous support layer claim 6 , wherein the fuel cell catalyst layer is the fuel cell catalyst layer according to .9. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode claim 8 , an anode and an ...

DOPED-CARBON COMPOSITES, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite includes preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive, evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders, and subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite. 1. A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a solution having a material containing tannin and an additive containing a doping chemical element;(b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and(c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material containing the tannin is tannin sulfonate claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element is one containing oxygen (O) claim 1 , nitrogen (N) claim 1 , phosphorus (P) claim 1 , boron (B) claim 1 , sulfur (S) claim 1 , iodine (I) claim 1 , fluorine (F) claim 1 , silicon (Si) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , germanium (Ge) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1800° C.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the duration of time effective is in a range of about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by subjecting the plurality of powders to a microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by a heat source other than a microwave radiation source.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.9. An article of manufacture by the method of .10. A composite synthesized by ...

NITRIDED MIXED OXIDE CATALYST SYSTEM AND A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ESTERS

The invention relates to a method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester, preferably an α, β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester. The method includes contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally in the presence of an alcohol. The catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations, Mand M, wherein Mis selected from the metals of group 2, 3, 4, 13 (called also IIIA) or 14 (called also IVA) of the periodic table and M2 is selected from the metals of groups 5 or 15 (called also VA) of the periodic table. The invention extends to a catalyst system. 1. A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester , such as an α , β ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester , comprising the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester in the presence of a catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises a nitrided metal oxide having at least two types of metal cations , Mand M , wherein Mis selected from the metals of group 2 , 3 , 4 , 13 (called also IIIA) or 14 (called also IVA) of the periodic table and Mis selected from the metals of groups 5 or 15 (called also VA) of the periodic table.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrided metal oxide consists of two to four metal cations claim 1 , and oxygen and nitrogen anions.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the Mtype of metal is selected from one or more metals in the group consisting of:—Be claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Ra claim 1 , B claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , Tl claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ac claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf and Rf.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the Mtype of metal is selected from one or more metals in the group ...

Transparent Photocatalyst Coating

Photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency. 1. A photocatalytic composition comprising a photocatalyst and a co-catalyst.2. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst improves the catalytic performance of the photocatalyst by at least about 1.2 claim 1 , as measured by the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde.3. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap of about 1.5 eV to about 3.5 eV.4. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises tungsten or titanium.5. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is doped with a naturally occurring element.6. The photocatalyst composition of claim 1 , where the photocatalyst is loaded with a transition metal claim 1 , a transition metal oxide claim 1 , or a transition metal hydroxide.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , or Ti(O claim 1 ,C claim 1 ,N):Sn.8. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of being reduced by electron transfer from the conduction band of the photocatalyst.9. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is a metal oxide capable of reducing Oby electron transfer.10. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion.11. The photocatalytic composition of claim 10 , wherein the co-catalyst is capable of converting atmospheric Oto superoxide radical ion under ambient conditions.12. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises anatase TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , KTaO claim 1 , or KNbO.13. The photocatalytic composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-catalyst comprises InO claim 1 , TaO claim 1 , anatase TiO claim 1 , rutile TiO claim 1 , a combination of anatase and ...

TITANIA PHOTOCATALYTIC COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

Disclosed herein are titania photocatalysts, titania photocatalytic compositions, and methods of making the same. The photocatalysts may, for example, be represented by the formula of (TiM)(OCN), where M, r, x, are y defined in the specification. The photocatalysts may, in some embodiments, provide superior photocatalytic activity relative to titania. Also disclosed are methods making the photocatalysts. The method may provide economical techniques for obtaining the titania photocatalysts. 1. A titanium-oxide based photocatalyst represented by the formula of (TiM)(OCN) , wherein:M is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ni, Sr, Ba, Fe, Bi, V, Mo, W, Zn, Cu, and combinations thereof;r is in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.25;x is in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1; andy is in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1.2. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein r is no more than about 0.05.3. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Sn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The photocatalyst of claim 3 , wherein r is in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.15.5. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The photocatalyst of claim 5 , wherein r is in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.10.7. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is V.8. The photocatalyst of claim 7 , wherein r is in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.05.9. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein M is Sn.10. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein x is in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.07.11. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein y is in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.05.12. The photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of (TiSn)(OCN) claim 1 , (TiSn)(OCN) claim 1 , (TiSn)(OCN) claim 1 , (TiSn)(OCN) claim 1 , (TiSn)(OCN) claim 1 , (TiNi ...

HIGH SURFACE AREA PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Photocatalytic materials are described herein which include thin nanostructures. For example, the catalytic material can include a nanostructure that has a thin structure of a photocatalytic composition, wherein the thin structure is defined by a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides of the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition. The photocatalytic composition may include an inorganic compound, such as a titanium and/or stannous oxide. The first surface and a second surface may be relatively large as compared to the thickness of the thin structure, or the thickness of the nanostructure. 1. A photocatalytic material comprising:a nanostructure comprising: a thin structure of a photocatalytic composition comprising an inorganic compound, which is defined by a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides of the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition; andwherein the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition has a thickness that is substantially smaller than the square root of the area of the first surface.2. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure is a nanosheet-shaped claim 1 , nanoflake-shaped claim 1 , pseudoplanar-shaped claim 1 , or ribbon-shaped.3. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the nanostructure is wavy.4. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure comprises a pore that extends from the first surface to the second surface through the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition.5. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure is free of pores that extend from the first surface to the second surface through the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition.6. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of at least 30 m/g.7. The photocatalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition is ...

Process for the continuous production of polyetherols

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of polyether alcohols by catalyzed addition of at least one alkylene oxide to at least one hydrogen-functional starter compound, wherein at least one catalyst exhibits the structural element R1/R2C=N−R3.

BIOTEMPLATED PEROVSKITE NANOMATERIALS

A biotemplated nanomaterial can include a crystalline perovskite. 1. A method of making a nanomaterial comprising forming a perovskite in the presence of a biotemplate having affinity for a metal ion.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biotemplate includes a virus particle.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the virus particle is an M13 bacteriophage.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the perovskite includes forming an aqueous mixture including the biotemplate claim 1 , a first inorganic ion claim 1 , and a second inorganic ion.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising forming an ion source including the first inorganic ion and the second inorganic ion before forming the aqueous mixture.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising adjusting the pH of the aqueous mixture and incubating the aqueous mixture for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature.7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising calcining the reaction products after incubating the aqueous mixture.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite has the formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'y', '1-y', '3±δ, 'AA′BB′O\u2003\u2003(I)'}whereineach of A and A′, independently, is a rare earth, alkaline earth metal, or alkali metal;each of B and B′, independently, is a transition metal;x is in the range of 0 to 1;y is in the range of 0 to 1; andδ is in the range of 0 to 1.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein A and A′ claim 8 , independently claim 8 , are selected from the group consisting of Mg claim 8 , Ca claim 8 , Sr claim 8 , Ba claim 8 , Pb claim 8 , and Bi; and B and B′ claim 8 , independently claim 8 , are selected from the group consisting of Ti claim 8 , Zr claim 8 , V claim 8 , Nb claim 8 , Mn claim 8 , Fe claim 8 , Ru claim 8 , Co claim 8 , Rh claim 8 , Ni claim 8 , Pd claim 8 , Pt claim 8 , Al claim 8 , and Mg.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the perovskite is a strontium titanate.11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the perovskite is a bismuth ferrite.12. The ...

METAL COMPLEXES OF SALAN-TYPE LIGANDS AND USES THEREOF AS CATALYSTS FOR POLYMERIZATION OF ALPHA-OLEFINS

Use of homogeneous catalytic systems which include as a pre-catalyst a complex of a group 4 metal and a Salan ligand in the polymerization of alpha-olefins, is disclosed. The Salan ligand is characterized by a sequential diamino-containing skeleton unit which is non-symmetric, and the pre-catalysts can also be such that are devoid of a symmetry element. The disclosed polymerization results in alpha-olefin polymers such as polypropylene which are characterized by high levels of tacticity. Also disclosed are novel Salan ligands and novel complexes thereof with group 4 metals. 167-. (canceled)68. A process of polymerizing an alpha-olefin , the process comprising contacting the alpha-olefin with a catalyst system which comprises:(i) a pre-catalyst comprising a group 4 element being in coordination with a Salan ligand, said pre-catalyst being devoid of a symmetry element; and(ii) a co-catalyst,thereby polymerizing the alpha-olefin.69. The process of claim 68 , wherein said Salan ligand comprises two substituted or unsubstituted phenol moieties and a sequential diamino-containing skeleton unit linking said phenol moieties claim 68 , wherein said sequential diamino-containing skeleton unit is non-symmetric.71. The process of claim 70 , wherein each of R-Ris independently halogen.72. The process of claim 70 , wherein at least one of R-Ris a bulky substituent.73. The process of claim 72 , wherein said bulky substituent comprises a bulky rigid group.74. The process of claim 72 , wherein Ris adamantyl.75. The process of claim 70 , wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of (CRaRb) claim 70 , (CRaRb)(CRcRd) and (CRaRb)(CRcRd)(CReRf) claim 70 , and Y is selected from the group consisting of (CRgRh) claim 70 , (CRgRh)(CRiRj) and (CRgRh)(CRiRj)(CRkRp) claim 70 ,wherein each of Ra-Rp is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, halogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, and/or at least two of Ra-Rp, R′ and R form together a five- or six-membered, ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND ITS USE

A heterogeneous catalyst that is a combination of rhodium, zinc, iron, a fourth metal and at least one metal selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals on a catalyst support (e.g. at least one of silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, zinc aluminate (ZnAlO), magnesium aluminate (MgAlO), magnesia-modified alumina, zinc oxide-modified alumina, zirconium oxide-modified alumina, and zinc oxide) and use of the catalyst in converting an alkylene to an oxygenate that has one more carbon atom than the alkylene.

NANOCRYSTALS AND METHODS AND USES THEREOF

Disclosed herein are (GaZn)(NO) nanocrystals and syntheses and devices related thereto. 1. A nanocrystal comprising (GaZn)(NO) , wherein 0 Подробнее

NIOBIUM NITRIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, NIOBIUM NITRIDE-CONTAINING FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, SEMICONDUCTOR, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, PHOTOCATALYST, HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE, AND ENERGY SYSTEM

The present invention is a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5. The method for producing the niobium nitride of the present invention includes the step of nitriding an organic niobium compound by reacting the organic niobium compound with a nitrogen compound gas. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. A photocatalyst consisting of an optical semiconductor containing a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5.17. A hydrogen generation device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00016', 'claim 16'}, 'the photocatalyst according to ;'}an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte and being in contact with the photocatalyst; anda container containing the photocatalyst and the aqueous solution, whereinhydrogen is generated through decomposition of water in the aqueous solution by irradiation of the photocatalyst with light.18. An energy system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00017', 'claim 17'}, 'the hydrogen generation device according to ;'}a fuel cell; anda line for supplying the hydrogen generated in the hydrogen generation device to the fuel cell.19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. A photocatalyst consisting of a niobium nitride-containing film containing a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5.29. A hydrogen generation device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00028', 'claim 28'}, 'the photocatalyst according to ;'}an aqueous solution containing an ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support. 1. A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil , the method comprising:contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, where the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprises a heteropolyacid having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, silicon, germanium, arsenic, and combinations of these, where the zeolite support comprises a molar ratio of silica to alumina of from 10 to 70, and where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor at a temperature of at least 500 degrees Celsius to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst ...

SELF-CLEANING SMUDGE-RESISTANT STRUCTURE AND RELATED FABRICATION METHODS

Apparatus for a smudge-resistant structure and related fabrication methods are provided. An exemplary smudge-resistant structure includes a transparent substrate having a macrostructured surface configured to reduce contact with the transparent substrate and an oxidizing layer overlying the macrostructured surface. 1. A smudge-resistant structure comprising:a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent substrate comprises a macrostructured surface configured to reduce contact with the transparent substrate; andan oxidizing layer overlying the macrostructured surface.2. The smudge-resistant structure of claim 1 , wherein:the transparent substrate comprises an inorganic material;the macrostructured surface comprises a plurality of recessed portions in the inorganic material; andthe plurality of recessed portions are randomly distributed.3. The smudge-resistant structure of claim 1 , wherein the macrostructured surface comprises a plurality of recessed portions in the transparent substrate and a plurality of raised portions of the transparent substrate between respective recessed portions of the plurality of recessed portions claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of raised portions are spaced apart from another of the plurality of raised portions by a separation distance in a range of about 10 microns to about 100 microns.4. The smudge-resistant structure of claim 1 , wherein the macrostructured surface comprises a plurality of recessed portions in the transparent substrate and a plurality of raised portions of the transparent substrate between respective recessed portions of the plurality of recessed portions claim 1 , wherein a height of each of the plurality of raised portions relative to an adjacent recessed portion of the plurality of recessed portions is in a range of about 1 microns to about 5 microns.5. The smudge-resistant structure of claim 4 , wherein each of the plurality of raised portions are spaced apart from another of the plurality of raised ...

PLASMONIC METAL NITRIDE AND TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES FOR PLASMON ASSISTED CATALYSIS

A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers is provided. They system comprises a plurality of plasmonic metal nitride core material elements coupled to a plurality of semiconductor material elements. The plasmonic nanostructured elements form ohmic junctions at the surface of the semiconductor material or at close proximity with the semiconductor material elements. A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers is also provided, comprising a plurality of plasmonic transparent conducting oxide core material elements coupled to a plurality of semiconductor material elements. The field enhancement, local temperature increase and energized hot carriers produced by nanostructures of these plasmonic material systems play enabling roles in various chemical processes. They induce, enhance, or mediate catalytic activities in the neighborhood when excited near the resonance frequencies. 1. A nanostructured material system for efficient collection of photo-excited carriers , comprising:a plurality of plasmonic metal nitride core material elements coupled to a corresponding plurality of semiconductor material elements.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic nanostructured elements form ohmic junctions at the surface of the semiconductor material elements or at close proximity with the semiconductor material elements.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic metal nitride core material is titanium nitride (TiN).4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor is titanium dioxide (TiO) or TiON claim 3 , where 01.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor material elements comprise tantalum pentoxide (TaO).8. The system of claim 5 , ...

METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN EDGE OF CATALYST-SUPPORTING HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE IN EXHAUST GAS DENITRATION APPARATUS

A method for processing an edge of a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure in an exhaust gas denitration apparatus, in which an exhaust gas denitration apparatus equipped with a denitration catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure in which a corrugated plate-like inorganic fiber sheet and a flat plate-like inorganic fiber sheet, each supporting thereon a denitration catalyst containing a silica sol, titania particles, and ammonium metavanadate as a whole primary denitration catalyst layer, are alternately laminated, the edge of gas inlet side of the denitration catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure having the whole primary denitration catalyst layer is dipped in a denitration catalyst-containing slurry for edge processing composed of a silica sol, titania particles or kaolin particles, and ammonium metatungstate to form a coating layer of the denitration catalyst-containing slurry in the edge of the honeycomb structure, and this is dried and then calcinated to form an edge secondary denitration catalyst layer. 1. A method for processing an edge of a catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure in an exhaust gas denitration apparatus , which is characterized in that in an exhaust gas denitration apparatus equipped with a denitration catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure in which a corrugated plate-like inorganic fiber sheet and a flat plate-like inorganic fiber sheet , each supporting thereon a denitration catalyst containing a silica sol , titania particles , and ammonium metavanadate as a whole primary denitration catalyst layer , are alternately laminated , the edge of gas inlet side of the denitration catalyst-supporting honeycomb structure having the whole primary denitration catalyst layer is dipped in a denitration catalyst-containing slurry for edge processing composed of a silica sol , titania particles or kaolin particles , and ammonium metatungstate to form a coating layer of the denitration catalyst-containing slurry in the edge of the honeycomb structure ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS CATALYST CONTAINING NITRIDE SUPPORT, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed are a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, a preparation method therefor and use thereof in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. Wherein the catalyst comprises: an active component, being at least one selected from VIIIB transition metals; an optional auxiliary metal; and a nitride carrier having a high specific surface area. The catalyst is characterized in that the active metal is supported on the nitride carrier having the high specific surface, such that the active component in the catalyst is highly dispersed. The catalyst has a high hydrothermal stability, an excellent mechanical wear resistance, a high Fischer-Tropsch synthesis activity and an excellent high-temperature stability. 1. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises: an active component , which is at least one selected from group VIIIB transition metals; an optional auxiliary metal; and a nitride carrier , which is boron nitride , silicon nitride or a mixture thereof having a specific surface area of not less than 80 m/g; wherein the active component and the optional auxiliary metal are supported on the carrier , and wherein a dispersity of the active component is from 115% to 75%.2. (canceled)3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the active component is at least one selected from iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel and ruthenium.4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the boron nitride is a hexagonal boron nitride.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon nitride is a trigonal silicon nitride and/or a hexagonal silicon nitride.6. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the active component:the auxiliary metal:the carrier is (0.1-300):(0.002-30):100.7. A method for preparing the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a nitride carrier having a specific surface area of not less than 80 m/g; (2) supporting a precursor of active ...

Production method for halogenated pyrazolecarboxylic acid

The invention provides a method capable of more simply and efficiently producing halogen-containing pyrazolecarboxylic acids useful as pharmaceutical or agrochemical intermediates, in a manner suitable for industrial production. In particular, the invention provides a method of producing a compound represented by the formula (b), which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (a) with oxygen in the presence of a compound containing a transition metal atom to obtain the compound represented by the formula (b): wherein each symbol is as described in the description.

METHOD FOR IMPROVING SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY USING METAL OXIDE PHOTOCATALYSTS HAVING ENERGY BAND OF CORE-SHELL FOR ULTRAVIOLET RAY AND VISIBLE LIGHT ABSORPTION AND PHOTOCATALYSTS THEREOF

The present invention discloses a method for improving solar energy conversion efficiency using metal oxide photocatalysts having an energy band of core-shell structure for ultraviolet (UV) ray and visible light absorption, comprising a first process of forming a nanoparticle thin film layer; a second process of preparing a core-shell metal oxide on metal oxide nanoparticles by a plasma reaction under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere, and a third process of depositing a transition metal on surfaces of core-shell metal oxide nanoparticles to produce a photocatalyst for energy conversion. A great amount of oxygen vacancies is formed in a shell region by the core-shell metal oxide to achieve effects of improving transfer ability of electron-hole pairs excited by light, and extending a wavelength range of absorbable light to a visible light region by changing a band-gap structure. 1. A method for improving solar energy conversion efficiency using a metal oxide photocatalyst which has a core-shell energy band structure for absorption of ultraviolet (UV) ray and visible light , comprising:a first process of performing heat treatment on a metal oxide semiconductor having a band-gap to form a nanoparticle thin film layer;a second process of contacting a plasma ball including mixed gas in a substitutional NH or NHx radical state by a plasma reaction under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere with a surface of a metal oxide particle to simultaneously generate a NH functional group and oxygen vacancies formed by hydrogenation, so as to prepare a core-shell metal oxide capable of absorbing UV ray and visible light; anda third process of further depositing a transition metal on surfaces of core-shell metal oxide nanoparticles to produce a photocatalyst of metal oxide-transition metal having a HN-core-shell structure for energy conversion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide and the transition metal include at least one element selected from Ti ...

HETEROATOM-CONTAINING NANOCARBON MATERIAL, PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR DEHYDROGENATION REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS

A heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material, based on the total weight of said heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material and calculated as the elements, has an oxygen content of 1-6 wt %, a nitrogen content of 0-2 wt %, a carbon content of 92-99 wt %. In its XPS, the ratio of the oxygen content as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 531.0-532.5 eV to the oxygen content as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 532.6-533.5 eV is 0.2-0.8; the ratio of the carbon content as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 288.6-288.8 eV to the carbon content as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 286.0-286.2 eV is 0.2-1; the ratio of the nitrogen content as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 398.5-400.1 eV to the total nitrogen content is 0.7-1. The heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material shows a good catalytic capability in dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. 1. A heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material , said heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material contains a carbon element , an oxygen element , and an optional nitrogen element , based on the total weight of said heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material and calculated as the elements , the content of the oxygen element is 1-6 wt % , the content of the nitrogen element is 0-2 wt % , the content of the carbon element is 92-99 wt %;{'sub': O', 'O', 'O', 'O, 'sup': c', 'e', 'c', 'e, 'In said heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material, the amount of the oxygen element as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 531.0-532.5 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is I, the amount of the oxygen element as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 532.6-533.5 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is I, I/Iis 0.2-0.8;'}{'sub': C', 'C', 'C', 'C, 'sup': c', 'e', 'c', 'e, 'In said heteroatom-containing nano-carbon material, the content of the carbon element as determined with the peak(s) in the range of 288.6-288.8 eV in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is I, the content of the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR, PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION DEVICE

A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor according to the present disclosure includes: forming an oxide on a base material, the oxide containing at least one kind of transition metal; and preparing a photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide by subjecting the oxide to a treatment with a plasma of a nitrogen-containing gas which is generated at a frequency in a VHF range under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. 1. A method for manufacturing a photosemiconductor , the method comprising treating an oxide containing at least one transition metal with a plasma under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure to provide the photosemiconductor containing the transition metal and a nitrogen element from the oxide ,whereinthe plasma is generated by applying a high-frequency voltage at a frequency in a range of not less than 30 MHz and not more than 300 MHz to a gas between a first electrode and a second electrode, andthe gas is any one of:(i) a nitrogen gas;(ii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas;(iii) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas and a rare gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture consisting of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas, and a rare gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a visible light-responsive photocatalyst.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas is any one of:(ii) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas and an oxygen gas; and(iv) a gaseous mixture of a nitrogen gas, an oxygen gas and a rare gas, andthe oxygen gas has a partial pressure of not more than 0.1%.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe transition metal is at least one selected from vanadium, niobium, and tantalum.5. The method according to claim 4 , whereinthe photosemiconductor is a niobium-containing nitride or a niobium-containing oxynitride.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe plasma has a rotation temperature of 480 K to 1100 K.7. The ...

SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANES

Provided is a process for the preparation of certain 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives. The new synthetic procedure involves treating 1,4-dimethylene cyclohexane with an oxidizing agent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst comprising a palladium compound to afford certain oxo-substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octane species. The process of the invention thus affords a novel and simplified means for the commercial production of a wide variety of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives. 3. The process of or , wherein R* is hydrogen.4. The process of or , wherein R is methyl.5. The process of any one of or , wherein the palladium compound is selected from palladium acetate , bis(propionyloxy)palladium , bis(butyryloxy)palladium , sodium palladium tetraacetate , sodium palladium tetrachloride , palladium trifluoroacetate , (1 ,2-bis(phenylsulfinyl)ethane)palladium diacetate , aluminum hexachloropalladate(IV) , palladium nitrate , palladium sulfate , palladium chloride , palladium bromide , and palladium iodide.6. The process of any one of or , wherein the palladium compound selected from palladium acetate , palladium chloride , ammonium hexachloropalladate(IV) , sodium palladium tetrachloride , and palladium trifluoroacetate.7. The process of any one of or , wherein the palladium compound is palladium chloride.8. The process of any one of or , wherein the palladium compound is palladium acetate.9. The process of claim any one of or , wherein the palladium compound is immoblized on an organic or inorganic support.10. The process of any one of or , wherein the oxidizing agent is chosen from organic and inorganic peroxides.11. The process of any one of or , wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.12. The process of any one of or , wherein the oxidizing agent is peracetic acid.13. The process of any one of or , wherein the oxidizing agent selected from oxygen and oxygen-containing gases.14. The process of any one of or , wherein the oxidizing agent is oxygen or air. ...

Catalyst For Producing Methacrylic Acid And Method For Producing The Same, And Method For Producing Methacrylic Acid

Disclosed is a method for producing a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by subjecting methacrolein or the like to vapor phase catalytic oxidation, which contains, as essential active components, Mo, V, P, Cs, NHand Cu, the method including (a) a step of preparing a heteropoly acid aqueous solution or the like (A liquid) containing, as constituent elements, Mo, P and V; (b) a step of mixing a part of the resulting A liquid with a cesium compound aqueous solution or the like (B liquid); and (c) a step of mixing the remainder of the A liquid with the B liquid to prepare a slurry liquid (C liquid). 1. A method for producing a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid having a composition represented by the following general formula (1):{'br': None, 'sub': 10', 'a', 'b', '4', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g, 'MoVP(NH)CsCuXO\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sub': '4', 'wherein Mo represents molybdenum; V represents vanadium; P represents phosphorus; (NH) represents an ammonium group; Cs represents cesium; Cu represents copper; X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, Ag, Mg, Zn, Al, B, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Cr, Re, Bi, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Ce and Th; O represents oxygen; a to g represent atomic ratios of the respective elements; a is satisfied with (0.1≦a≦6.0); b is satisfied with (0.5≦b≦6.0); c is satisfied with (0.1≦c≦10.0); d is satisfied with (0.1≦d≦3.0); e is satisfied with (0.1≦e≦3); f is satisfied with (0≦f≦3); and g is a numerical value determined according to oxidation states and atomic ratios of the respective elements other than O,'}the method comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a heteropoly acid aqueous solution or heteropoly acid aqueous dispersion (hereinafter referred to as “A liquid”) containing, as constituent elements, molybdenum, phosphorus and vanadium;(b) mixing a part of the A liquid obtained in the step (a) with an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion containing a cesium compound to prepare a slurry liquid (hereinafter referred to as ...

PRODUCTION OF MESO-LACTIDE, D-LACTIDE AND L-LACTIDE BY BACK BITING OF POLYLACTIDE

Process for increasingly producing D-Lactide and meso lactide by depolymerizing by back biting polylactide (PLA) said process which comprises: 1. Process for increasingly producing D-Lactide and meso lactide by depolymerizing by back biting polylactide (PLA) said process which comprises:{'img': [{'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00009', '@he': '2.46mm', '@wi': '1.78mm', '@file': 'US20180057476A1-20180301-P00001.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00010', '@he': '2.46mm', '@wi': '1.78mm', '@file': 'US20180057476A1-20180301-P00002.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00011', '@he': '2.46mm', '@wi': '1.78mm', '@file': 'US20180057476A1-20180301-P00001.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}, {'@id': 'CUSTOM-CHARACTER-00012', '@he': '2.46mm', '@wi': '1.78mm', '@file': 'US20180057476A1-20180301-P00002.TIF', '@alt': 'custom-character', '@img-content': 'character', '@img-format': 'tif'}], 'sub': '2', '(i) Depolymerizing polylactide into its corresponding dimeric cyclic esters by heating the polylactide in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises a catalyst and a co-catalyst, the catalyst of general formula (M)(X1, X2, . . . Xm)n wherein M of the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and Mg, and X1, X2, . . . Xm are each substituents selected from one of the classes of alkyls, aryls, oxides, carboxylates, halogenides, alkoxides as well as elements of columns 15 and/or 16 of the periodic table, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 6 and n is an integer ranging from 0 to 6 ; the co-catalyst is selected from the group comprising an organosilane aliphatic or cycloaliphatic selected from the group comprising alkylalkoxysilane or the cycloalkylalkoxysilane represented by the general formula QQ′Si(O-alkyle), where the Q and Q′ are the same or different and are alkyle or ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALKANES OR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts. 1. A method of making one or more desired chemical products , comprising contacting a heterogeneous catalyst comprising boron , a nitride , or both , with oxygen and one or more liquid or gaseous reactants , whereby the heterogeneous catalyst catalyzes the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants or oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to form the one or more desired chemical products.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:(a) the heterogeneous catalyst catalyzes the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants;(b) the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include an alkane or a hydrocarbon comprising an alkyl group; and(c) the one or more desired chemical products include one or more olefins or one or more hydrocarbons comprising an alkenyl group.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants include an alkane.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alkane is a C-Cn-alkane or C-Ciso-alkane.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the C-Cn-alkane or C-Ciso-alkane is selected from the group consisting of propane claim 5 , n-butane claim 5 , and isobutane claim 5 , and wherein the one or more desired chemical products are selected from the group consisting of propene claim 5 , isobutene claim 5 , 1-butene claim 5 , 2-butene and butadiene.810.-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more desired chemical products further include ethylene.1213.-. (canceled)14. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more liquid or gaseous reactants ...

PdIn Alloy Catalyst, Method for Manufacturing PdIn Alloy Catalyst and Application Thereof

The present disclosure provides a PdIn alloy catalyst including a carrier and Pd metal particles supported by the carrier, the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages, Pd metal particles are distributed in the plurality of passages, the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material includes a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, a plurality of indium oxide particles, and In metal particles. The In metal particles are exposed through the plurality of passages, the plurality of indium oxide particles are uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, and In atoms of the In metal particles migrated to surfaces of Pd particles selectively occupy edge and corner positions of metal lattice of Pd metal particles. The present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the PdIn alloy catalyst and application thereof. 1. A PdIn alloy catalyst comprising a carrier and Pd metal particles supported by the carrier , wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages , the Pd metal particles are distributed in the plurality of passages , the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material comprises a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material , a plurality of indium oxide particles , and In metal particles , the In metal particles are partially exposed through the plurality of passages , the plurality of indium oxide particles are uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material , and In atoms of the In metal particles migrated to surfaces of Pd particles selectively occupy edge and corner positions of metal lattice of the Pd metal particles.2. The PdIn alloy catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the Pd metal particles have a dispersity of 70% to 95% in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material.3. The PdIn alloy catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a weight percentage of the Pd metal particles in the PdIn alloy catalyst is in a range ...

CATALYST FOR A CATALYTIC INK AND USES THEREOF

A catalyst for a catalytic ink includes a support particle and a metallic material supported on the support particle. The metallic material is diamminesilver hydroxide, a silver salt, a palladium salt, a gold salt, chloroauric acid, or combinations thereof. A catalytic ink obtained from the catalyst and use of the same to fabricate a conductive circuit are also disclosed. 1. A catalytic ink , comprising:a catalyst having a support particle and a metallic material supported on said support particle, said metallic material being selected from the group consisting of diamminesilver hydroxide, a silver salt, a palladium salt, a gold salt, chloroauric acid, and combinations thereof;a resin; anda solvent.2. The catalyst ink of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst has a core-shell structure and includes a core and a shell layer claim 1 , said core including said support particle claim 1 , said shell layer including said metallic material.3. The catalytic ink of claim 1 , wherein said support particle is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide particle claim 1 , zinc oxide particle claim 1 , aluminum oxide particle claim 1 , cerium(IV) oxide particle claim 1 , lanthanum oxide particle claim 1 , barium sulfate particle claim 1 , magnesium silicate particle claim 1 , carbon particle claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The catalytic ink of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , based on 1 part by weight of said catalyst claim 1 , said resin is in an amount ranging from 1 to 3 parts by weight claim 1 , and said solvent is in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 3 parts by weight.5. The catalytic ink of claim 1 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of ketone claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , ester claim 1 , ether claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , mineral spirit claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. A method for manufacturing the catalytic ink of claim 1 , comprising the steps of:mixing the support particle and a solution of the metallic material to form the catalyst; ...

SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION METHOD USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a Ru—Pd bimetallic catalyst for use in hydrogenation of a compound, and more particularly to a catalyst prepared by loading both ruthenium and palladium on a g-CNsupport and to a selective hydrogenation process of a pyridine group in a reaction system containing both a pyridine group and a benzene group using the catalyst. 2. The selective hydrogenation catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio (b/a) of the ruthenium (b) relative to the palladium (a) ranges from 0.25 to 10.3. A method of preparing a selective hydrogenation catalyst claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 3', '4, 'a) preparing a support solution by dispersing a g-CNsupport in distilled water;'}b) preparing a catalyst precursor solution by adding the support solution with a ruthenium precursor and a palladium precursor such that a sum of weights of ruthenium and palladium as active components is 0.1 to 15 wt % based on a total weight of the catalyst including the support; andc) drying the catalyst precursor solution and then performing heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in step b) claim 3 , a weight ratio (b/a) of the ruthenium (b) relative to the palladium (a) ranges from 0.25 to 10.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in step c) claim 3 , the heat treatment in the hydrogen atmosphere is performed at a temperature ranging from 250 to 500° C.7. The selective hydrogenation method of claim 6 , wherein the benzene compound is at least one selected from among benzene claim 6 , toluene claim 6 , xylene claim 6 , cyclohexyltoluene claim 6 , diphenylmethane claim 6 , benzyl alcohol claim 6 , phenylethyl alcohol claim 6 , methyl phenyl ether claim 6 , and ethyl phenyl ether.8. The selective hydrogenation method of claim 6 , wherein the pyridine compound is at least one selected from among pyridine claim 6 , methylpyridine claim 6 , ethylpyridine claim 6 , cyclohexyl methylpyridine claim 6 , benzylpyridine claim 6 , ...

CATALYST FOR DEHYDROGENATION REACTION OF FORMIC ACID AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

Provided is a method for preparing a catalyst for a dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid, the method including: preparing a nitrogen-doped carbon support; forming a mixed solution including a first aqueous metal precursor solution which includes palladium (Pd) and a second aqueous metal precursor solution which includes nickel (Ni); and forming a catalyst for a dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid by stirring the nitrogen-doped carbon support with the mixed solution, and then immobilizing alloy particles of Pd and Ni on the nitrogen-doped carbon support. 1. A method for preparing a catalyst for a dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid , the method comprising:preparing a nitrogen-doped carbon support;forming a mixed solution comprising a first aqueous metal precursor solution which comprises palladium (Pd) and a second aqueous metal precursor solution which comprises nickel (Ni); andforming a catalyst for a dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid by stirring the nitrogen-doped carbon support with the mixed solution, and then immobilizing alloy particles of Pd and Ni on the nitrogen-doped carbon support.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preparing of the nitrogen-doped carbon support comprises:dissolving and stirring dicyandiamide and carbon black in a solvent;obtaining carbon black onto which a nitrogen precursor is adsorbed by evaporating the solvent at 50° C. to 150° C.; andpreparing a nitrogen-doped carbon support by subjecting the obtained carbon black onto which the nitrogen precursor is adsorbed to heat treatment in an inert atmosphere at 400° C. to 700° C.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon black comprises at least one selected from the group comprising ketjen-black claim 2 , vulcan claim 2 , activated carbon claim 2 , carbon nanotubes claim 2 , carbon fibers claim 2 , fullerene and graphene.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of Pd ions to Ni ions in the mixed solution is 1:0.33 to 1:3.5. The ...

CATALYST SUPPORT AND CATALYSTS PREPARED THEREFROM

A supported catalyst useful in processes for chemically refining hydrocarbon feedstocks, the catalyst comprising a metal from Group 6, a metal from Group 8, and optionally phosphorous, wherein the carrier or support, comprises porous alumina comprising: (a) equal to or greater than about 78% to about 95% of TPV in pores having a diameter of less than about 200 Angstroms (A); (b) greater than about 2% to less than about 19% of the TPV in pores having a diameter of about 200 to less than about 1000 A; (c) equal to or greater than 3% to less than 12% of the TPV in pores having a diameter equal to or greater than about 1000 A. 1. A supported catalyst comprising at least one metal from Group 6 , alternatively referred to as Group VIB , of the Periodic Table of the Elements , at least one metal from Groups 8 , 9 or 10 , alternatively referred to as Group VIII , of the Periodic Table of the Elements , and optionally comprising phosphorous , wherein said metals , and phosphorous when present , are carried on a foraminous carrier or support , said carrier or support having a total pore volume (TPV) of about 0.6 cc/g to about 1.1 cc/g and comprising:(a) equal to or greater than about 78% to about 95% of TPV in pores having a diameter of less than 200 Angstroms (Å);(b) greater than about 2% to less than about 19% of TPV in pores having a diameter of 200 (Å) to less than 1000 Å;(c) equal to or greater than 3% to less than 12% of TPV in pores having a diameter equal to or greater than 1000 Å; and(d) a pore mode equal to or greater than about 90 Å and less than about 160 Å.2. The supported catalyst as in further characterized in that said support exhibits a d50 greater than about 100 Å and less than about 150 Å.3. The supported catalyst as in further characterized in that greater than about 5% to less than about 19% of TPV is in pores having a diameter of 200 Å to less than 1000 Å.4. The supported catalyst as in further characterized in that equal to or greater than about 3% to ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NON-SINTERED TRANSITION METAL CARBIDE AND NITRIDE NANOPARTICLES

Transition metal carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride nanoparticles can be made by transforming metal oxide materials coated in a ceramic material in a controlled environment. The coating prevents sintering while allowing the diffusion of reactive gases through the inorganic matrix that can then alter the metal nanoparticle oxidation state, remove oxygen, or intercalate into the lattice to form a carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride. 1. A composition comprising:a plurality of nanoparticles, each nanoparticle, independently, being a transition metal carbide, transition metal nitride, transition metal boride, transition metal sulfide or transition metal phosphide; andhaving a diameter of less than 10 nanometers.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each nanoparticle has a composition of formula (I){'br': None, 'sub': y', 'z', 'w1', '2, 'M1M2M3X1X2\u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein each of M1, M2 and M3, independently, is a transition metal element from the group consisting of group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6, 3d block, and f block;and each of X1 and X2, independently, is selected from the group consisting of O, C, N, S, B, and P, at least one of X1 and X2 being C, N, S, B, or P,wherein each of x, y, w1, w2, and z is a number between 0 and 3, where at least one of x, y, z, w1 and w2 is not zero and the combination of x, y, z, w1 and w2 completes the valence requirements of the formula.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the transition metal element include Sc claim 2 , Y claim 2 , La claim 2 , Ce claim 2 , Nd claim 2 , Sm claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Zr claim 2 , Hf claim 2 , V claim 2 , Nb claim 2 , Ta claim 2 , Cr claim 2 , Mo claim 2 , W claim 2 , Mn claim 2 , Fe claim 2 , Co claim 2 , Ni claim 2 , Cu claim 2 , or Zn.43. The composition of any of - claims 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticle is less than 5 nm.53. The composition of any of - claims 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticle is less than 3 nm.63. The composition of any of - claims 1 , ...

Catalyst For Methacrylic Acid Production, Process For Producing The Same, And Process For Producing Methacrylic Acid Using The Catalyst

An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a catalyst for gas-phase contact oxidation of methacrolein, isobutyraldehyde or isobutyric acid to produce methacrylic acid in a high yield and a high selectivity, and a catalyst wherein an alkali metal element, particularly cesium among alkali metal elements, is added by a specific method in a partially neutralized salt of a hetero polyacid which contains Mo, V, P, an alkali metal element and NHas essential active ingredients, the catalyst being characterized by having extremely high catalytic performance. 1. A process for producing a catalyst for methacrylic acid production , comprising the following steps:Step a): a step of preparing a slurry containing at least molybdenum, phosphorus and vanadium;Step b): a step of cooling the slurry obtained in Step a) and subsequently adding an alkali metal compound with stirring of the slurry to prepare a slurry of a partially neutralized salt of a hetero polyacid;Step c): a step of adding an ammonium compound to the slurry obtained in Step b);Step d): a step of drying the slurry, to which the ammonium compound has been added, obtained in Step c) to obtain a dry powder having a composition shown by the following (Formula 1);Step e): a step of shaping the dry powder obtained in Step d); and {'br': None, 'sub': 10', 'a', 'b', '4', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f, 'MoVP(NH)XYO\u2003\u2003(Formula 1)'}, 'Step f): a step of calcinating the shaped product obtained in Step e){'sub': '4', 'wherein Mo represents molybdenum; V represents vanadium; P represents phosphorus; (NH) represents an ammonium group; X represents at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sb, As, Cu, Ag, Mg, Zn, Al, B, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr, Cr, Re, Bi, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Ce and Th; O represents oxygen; a to e represents atomic ratios of respective elements, a: 0.1≦a≦6.0, b: 0.5≦b≦6.0, c: 0.1≦c≦10.0 ...

COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCED LIFE TIME OF CHARGE CARRIERS FOR SOLAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER SPLITTING

Disclosed herein are nanocomposite compositions comprising nano metal cluster containing titania and anion doped titania prepared by a simple one step for enhanced life time of charge carriers. 1. A composition comprising 90 to 99.99% A along with , 0.01 to 10% B , 1 to 10% C and 1 to 5% D either alone or combination thereof , wherein A is an oxide of transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ti , Zn , Co , Fe , Mn; B is a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Au , Ag , Pt , Pd , Ir either alone or combinations thereof , C is an anion selected from N , S either alone or combinations thereof and D is selected from the group consisting of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) , graphene oxide (GO) or carbon nanotubes.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein carbon nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single walled claim 1 , double walled and multi walled nano tubes.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said composition is useful for enhanced life time of charge carriers for solar hydrogen production from water splitting having greater than 2 pico seconds (ps) lifetime.4. A one step process for the preparation of composition comprising A claim 1 , B and C according to claim 1 , wherein the said process comprises:i. heating an aqueous solution of transition metals (A) salts selected from the group consisting of titanyl nitrate, Zinc nitrate, Cobalt nitrate, Ferrric nitrate, Manganese nitrate; a source of an anion (C) selected from the group consisting of amino acids, hydrazine, urea and thiourea and an aqueous solution of noble metal (B) salts selected from the group consisting of gold chloride, palladium chloride, platinum ammonium chloride, iridium chloride and silver chloride in the ratio ranging between 90:0.01:1 to 99.99:10:10 at a high temperature in the range of 100 to 500° C. for period between 10 min. And 120 min to obtain the nanocomposite composition.5. A process for the preparation of composition ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING A HYDROSILANE USING HETERO ATOM CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a hydrosilane using heteroatom-containing activated carbon, more particularly to a method for economically preparing a high-purity hydrosilane by redistribution of a chlorosilane using a heteroatom-containing activated carbon catalyst. 2. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorosilane is trichlorosilane or dichlorosilane.3. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , wherein the heteroatom-containing activated carbon comprises 0.01-15 wt % of a group 15 heteroatom having an unshared electron pair based on the total weight of the catalyst.4. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to or claim 1 , wherein the heteroatom is nitrogen claim 1 , phosphorus or a combination thereof.5. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , wherein the redistribution is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40-500° C.6. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 5 , wherein the redistribution is conducted at a reaction temperature of 150-300° C. while maintaining the stability of the catalyst.7. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , wherein the redistribution is conducted at a reaction pressure of 1-10 bar.8. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , which further comprises claim 1 , before the redistribution claim 1 , vaporizing the chlorosilane by preheating to 40-300° C.9. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , which further comprises claim 1 , after the redistribution claim 1 , cooling the hydrosilane.10. The method for preparing a hydrosilane according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is conducted while supplying the chlorosilane at a rate of 2-200 WHSV based on the amount of the catalyst.11. An apparatus for preparing a hydrosilane claim 1 , comprising:a preheater into which a chlorosilane is injected and in which the chlorosilane is vaporized;a reactor which ...

CAYALYST SYSTEM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF CYCLIC CARBONATE BY THE SAME

A catalyst system and a method for manufacturing cyclic carbonate by the same are provided. The catalyst system includes a transition metal salt containing a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof, and an organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50. 1. A catalyst system comprising:a transition metal salt, comprising a halo group, an acetate group, or a combination thereof; andan organic phosphine ligand, wherein a molar ratio of the organic phosphine ligand to the transition metal salt is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 50.2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphine ligand comprises triphenyl phosphine (PPh) claim 1 , triphenyl phosphine oxide (OPPh) claim 1 , Poly(dipropylene glycol) phenyl phosphite claim 1 , tricyclohexyl phosphine (PCy) claim 1 , Tris(2 claim 1 ,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite claim 1 , triphenyl phosphite claim 1 , or diphenylmethyl phosphine.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal salt comprises CoBr claim 1 , RhCl claim 1 , RuCl claim 1 , FeCl claim 1 , FeCl claim 1 , AlCl claim 1 , TiCl claim 1 , PdX claim 1 , ScX claim 1 , ScX claim 1 , VX claim 1 , ZnX claim 1 , CuX claim 1 , SnX claim 1 , ZrX claim 1 , MoX claim 1 , WX claim 1 , PtX claim 1 , or BiX claim 1 , wherein X represents chlorine claim 1 , bromine claim 1 , or iodine claim 1 , n is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 6.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal salt comprises Co(OAc) claim 1 , Zn(OAc) claim 1 , Pd(OAc) claim 1 , Fe(OAc) claim 1 , Fe(OAc) claim 1 , Cu(OAc) claim 1 , Cs(OAc) claim 1 , Rh(OAc)(dimer) claim 1 , Pb(OAc) claim 1 , Sb(OAc) claim 1 , La(OAc) claim 1 , Bi(OAc) claim 1 , Cd(OAc) claim 1 , Y(OAc) claim 1 , Sc(OAc) claim 1 , or Sc(OTf).5. The catalyst system of further comprising a halogen-containing compound.6. The catalyst system of claim 5 , wherein a ...

COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed herein are composite materials and methods of making and use thereof. The composite materials disclosed herein can comprise: a first metal oxide particle having a thermal stability and a specific reversible oxygen storage capacity, wherein the first metal oxide particle comprises a first metal oxide comprising a transition metal oxide; and a second metal oxide disposed on the first metal oxide particle; wherein the composite material has a thermal stability and a specific reversible oxygen storage capacity; and wherein the thermal stability of the composite material is greater than the thermal stability of the first metal oxide particle. The methods of use of the composite materials described herein can comprise using the composite material as a catalyst, as an oxygen carrier, as a catalyst support, in a fuel cell, in a catalytic converter, or a combination thereof. 1. A composite material comprising:a first metal oxide particle having a thermal stability and a specific reversible oxygen storage capacity, wherein the first metal oxide particle comprises a first metal oxide comprising a transition metal oxide; anda second metal oxide disposed on the first metal oxide particle;wherein the composite material has a thermal stability and a specific reversible oxygen storage capacity; andwherein the thermal stability of the composite material is greater than the thermal stability of the first metal oxide particle.2. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ce claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , W claim 1 , V claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises CeO claim 1 , MoO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , WO claim 1 , VO claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide particle has a shape that is substantially non-spherical. ...

TWO-DIMENSIONAL NITROGEN-DOPED CARBON-BASED TITANIUM DIOXIDE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF FOR DEGRADING AND REMOVING ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER

A preparation method of a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material includes: (1) etching TiAlC2 with LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material. A method for degrading and removing organic pollutants in water includes (1) etching TiAlCwith LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material; (4) placing the two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material into water containing organic pollutants to degrade and remove organic pollutants in water. 1. A preparation method of a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 3', '2, '(1) etching TiAlCwith LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet;'}(2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound;(3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material.2. A method for degrading and removing organic pollutants in water , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 3', '2, '(1) etching TiAlCwith LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet;'}(2) preparing ...

HIGH-ENTROPY NITRIDE CERAMIC FIBER AND PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed are a high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber, and a preparation method and use thereof. The high-entropy ceramic fiber comprises Ti, Hf, Ta, Nb, and Mo; the high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber presents single crystal phase, and each of the elements are uniformly distributed at molecular level. The preparation method of the high-entropy ceramic fiber comprises: mixing a high-entropy ceramic precursor comprising the target metal elements, a spinning aid, and a solvent uniformly to prepare a precursor spinning solution, followed by working procedures of spinning, pyrolyzation, and nitriding to prepare the high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber. The high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber can be used in photocatalysis process of carbon dioxide to prepare methane. 118-. (canceled)19. A high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber , wherein the high-entropy ceramic fiber comprises Ti , Hf , Ta , Nb , and Mo , wherein the high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber is in single crystal phase , and wherein each of the elements are uniformly distributed at molecular level.20. The high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber according to claim 19 , wherein a molar quantity of each of the metal elements in the high-entropy ceramic fiber occupies 5-35% of the total molar quantity of the metal elements; and preferably claim 19 , the respective metal elements are equimolar.21. The high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber according to claim 19 , wherein the high-entropy ceramic fiber further comprises nitrogen; and wherein the molar quantity of nitrogen is the same as the total molar quantity of Ti claim 19 , Hf claim 19 , Ta claim 19 , Nb claim 19 , and Mo.22. The high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber according to claim 19 , wherein the high-entropy ceramic fiber further comprises nitrogen and a very small amount of oxygen; and wherein the molar quantity of nitrogen is the same as the total molar quantity of Ti claim 19 , Hf claim 19 , Ta claim 19 , Nb claim 19 , and Mo.23. A preparation method of the high-entropy ...

PHOTOSTABLE COMPOSITE FOR SOLAR WATER SPLITTING AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

The present invention discloses photostable composite of indium gallium nitride and zinc oxide for solar water splitting, comprising Indium content in the range of 1-40 wt %, Ga content in the range of 1 to 15 wt %, nitrogen content in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt %, and the remaining is ZnO. The combustion synthesis comprises the steps of: (a) dissolving 45 to 55 wt % urea, 75 to 80 wt % Zinc nitrate, 3 to 5 wt % Gallium nitrate, and 15 to 20 wt % Indium nitrate in water with stirring until a homogenous solution is formed; and (b) heating the homogenous solution of step (a) at a temperature in the range of 450-550 [deg.]C for period in the range of 2 to 20 min to obtain the photostable composite. 1. A photostable composite of Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) in ZnO , comprising Indium content in the range of 1-40 wt % , Ga content in the range of 1 to 15 wt % , nitrogen content in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt % , and the remaining is ZnO.2. The composite as claimed in claim 1 , wherein nitrogen present in the photostable composite is in the form of nitride.3. The composite as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composite is in the form of a solid solution as embedded quantum dots.4. The composite as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said composite exhibits absorption in the entire solar spectrum.5. The composite as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said composite exhibits hydrogen evolution in the range of 5 to 65 μmol/h g.6. The composite as claimed in for use as light harvester for production of hydrogen from water splitting claim 1 , photocatalytic reaction claim 1 , and photocurrent generation.7. A process for the synthesis of the photostable composite as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the steps of:(a) dissolving 45 to 55 wt % urea, 75 to 80 wt % Zinc nitrate, 3 to 5 wt % Gallium nitrate, and 15 to 20 wt % Indium nitrate in water with stirring until a homogenous solution is formed; and(b) heating the homogenous solution of step (a) at a temperature in the range of 450-550° C. for ...

CELL ELECTRODE, COMPOSITION FOR CELL ELECTRODE CATALYST LAYER, AND CELL

A battery electrode, a composition for a catalyst layer of a battery electrode, and a battery having excellent characteristics at low cost. The battery electrode includes a catalyst layer containing a non-platinum catalyst and platinum particles not being carried on the non-platinum catalyst, wherein a content of the platinum particles per unit area of the battery electrode is 0.0010 mg/cmor more and 0.1200 mg/cmor less. 1. A battery electrode , comprising a catalyst layer containing a non-platinum catalyst and platinum particles not being carried on the non-platinum catalyst ,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein a content of the platinum particles per unit area of the battery electrode is 0.0010 mg/cmor more and 0.1200 mg/cmor less.'}2. The battery electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the platinum particles have an average particle diameter of 30.0 nm or less.3. The battery electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the non-platinum catalyst is a carbon catalyst.4. The battery electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon catalyst is a nitrogen-containing carbon catalyst.5. The battery electrode according to claim 4 , wherein the nitrogen-containing carbon catalyst has claim 4 , on a surface thereof claim 4 , a ratio of number of nitrogen atoms to number of carbon atoms of 0.001 or more and 0.600 or less.6. The battery electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon catalyst contains a metal other than platinum.7. The battery electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the battery electrode has a mass ratio of a content of the platinum to a content of the metal other than platinum of 0.04 or more and 20.00 or less.8. The battery electrode according to claim 3 , wherein the carbon catalyst has a carbon structure in which area ratios of three peaks f claim 3 , fand fobtained by separating a peak having a peak top in a vicinity of a diffraction angle of 26° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c):{' ...

CARBON NITRIDE HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST CONTAINING RHODIUM, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING ACETIC ACID USING THE SAME

A carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst containing rhodium, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for preparing acetic acid using the catalyst is disclosed. The heterogeneous catalyst is characterized in that the rhodium metal is contained in carbon nitride which is a support insoluble in a liquid solvent, such as water or alcohol. Thus, the catalyst can easily be separated from a resulting product even by a simple process such as filtration. Accordingly, the carbon nitride heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability and activity by being capable of overcoming the disadvantages of the method using a conventional homogeneous catalyst and minimizing the phenomenon of rhodium leaching, compared to the results of the conventional homogeneous catalytic reactions. The catalyst can thus be effectively used for the preparation of acetic acid by a carbonylation reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide. 1. A composite catalyst for an alcohol carbonylation , comprising a first catalyst of carbon nitride support and a second catalyst of rhodium dispersed in the network of the carbon nitride support to reduce the leaching level of the rhodium in the alcohol carbonylation.2. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the rhodium is contained in an amount of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on the total weight of the carbon nitride.3. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the composite catalyst has a specific surface area in a range of 0.5 m/g to 100 m/g.4. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of graphite carbon nitride claim 1 , α-carbon nitride claim 1 , β-carbon nitride claim 1 , cubic carbon nitride claim 1 , and pseudocubic carbon nitride.5. The composite catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is methanol or ethanol.6. A method of preparing a composite catalyst comprising carbon nitride support and rhodium dispersed therein claim 1 , comprising heating a ...

Transition Metal-Containing Catalysts and Processes for Their Preparation and Use As Oxidation and Dehydrogenation Catalysts

This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having formed thereon compositions which comprise a transition metal in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon. The invention further relates to the fields of catalytic oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines and the preparation of carboxylic acids by the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols. 1301-. (canceled)302. An oxidation catalyst , the catalyst comprising a particulate carbon support having formed thereon a transition metal composition comprising a transition metal and nitrogen , wherein:the transition metal composition comprises a transition metal nitride, transition metal carbide-nitride, or a combination thereof;{'sup': '2', 'the total Langmuir surface area of the catalyst is at least about 1000 m/g;'}the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof;the transition metal constitutes from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of the catalyst; andthe oxidation catalyst further comprises carbon nanotubes at the surface of the carbon support.303. The catalyst of wherein the transition metal composition comprises a transition metal nitride.304. The catalyst of wherein the transition metal composition comprises a transition metal carbide-nitride.305. The catalyst of wherein the transition metal composition comprises a transition metal nitride and a transition metal carbide-nitride.306. The catalyst of wherein the total Langmuir surface area of the catalyst is at least about 1100 m/g.307. The catalyst of wherein the total Langmuir surface area of the catalyst is at least about 1200 m/g.308. The catalyst of wherein the total Langmuir surface area of the catalyst is from about 1000 m/g to about 1400 m/g.309. The catalyst of wherein the total Langmuir surface area of the catalyst is from about 1100 m/g to ...

METHANE TO METHANOL CONVERSION

Single iron atoms embedded in graphene can catalyse the conversion of methane into methanol at room temperature. Dependent upon the flow of gas from the well, a reactor vessel will be built and housed in a building heated by the raw gas to a temperature of seventy degrees Fahrenheit. This catalyst is carried on a bed of zeolite which will remove nitrogen and nitrogen compounds in adsorption process, as well as some sulphur and a good percentage of carbon dioxide. Iron—nitrogen—carbon (Fe—N—C) acts as the most satisfactory alternatives to platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). 1. A method for converting methane into methanol using an oxidizing agent and a catalyst of single iron atoms embedded in graphene.2. The method according to wherein the method is carried out at room temperature.3. The method according to wherein the method is carried out at a pressure less than three bars.4. The method according to wherein the method is carried out at a temperature in the range 21 to 30 degrees C. claim 1 ,5. The method according to wherein the oxidizing agent is pure oxygen.6. The method according to wherein the oxygen expands as it vaporizes from storage to provide sufficient line pressure to blend the oxygen required.7. The method according to wherein the oxygen is fed to the fixed bed reactors from cryogenic storage claim 6 , vaporized claim 6 , and heated with an electric line heater.8. The method according to wherein the supply gas is separated using molecular sieve separations.9. The method according to wherein the catalyst is carried on a bed of zeolite which removes nitrogen and nitrogen compounds in adsorption process claim 1 , as well as some sulphur and a good percentage of carbon dioxide.10. The method according to wherein the catalyst is Fe—N—C and a further improvement of pristine Fe—N—C is obtained through using Ti3C2Tx MXene as a support.11. The method according to wherein the catalyst comprises a highly dispersed single FeN4 center anchored on ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF CATHODE CATALYST AND OZONE-GENERATING DEVICE

The instant disclosure relates to a manufacturing method of cathode catalyst, comprising the following steps. Initially, mix an organic medium with an iron-based starting material and a nitrogen-based starting material to form a mixture. Followed by adding a carbon material to the mixture and subsequently executing a heating process to form a solid-state precursor. Then mill the solid-state precursor to form a precursory powder. Successively, calcinate the precursory powder in the presence of NHto form a cathode catalyst. The cathode catalyst can reduce the activation energy of hydrogen ion reacting with oxygen to make water. The instant disclosure further provides an ozone-generating device.

HIGH SURFACE AREA PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

Photocatalytic materials are described herein which include thin nanostructures. For example, the catalytic material can include a nanostructure that has a thin structure of a photocatalytic composition, wherein the thin structure is defined by a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides of the thin structure of the photocatalytic composition. The photocatalytic composition may include an inorganic compound, such as a titanium and/or stannous oxide. The first surface and a second surface may be relatively large as compared to the thickness of the thin structure, or the thickness of the nanostructure.

Composite material for catalytic treatment of contaminated soil and water and catalytic treatment method thereof

Metal-free materials, manufacturing thereof, method using thereof for (in-situ or ex-situ) catalytically treating contaminated soil or waters, including remediation of groundwater contaminated by haloalkenes, haloalkanes, nitro-compounds, and nitrophenol using sulfide as a reductant. Metal-free materials are manufactured with industrial scrap syrup or biomass. Method using the metal-free materials for in-situ treatment consists with the processes of adding materials into the contaminated medium, introducing sulfide into the contaminated medium, and reductive reacting contaminants with sulfide catalyzed by the metal-free materials. Specially, the formation of in-situ reaction zone is the key point of in situ treatment by retaining the catalyst in the contaminated medium. Method using the metal-free materials for ex-situ treatment consists steps of adding materials and sulfide into the contaminated fluid, intermingling the contaminated fluid with materials in a vessel, reacting contaminants with sulfide catalyzed by the metal-free material. 1. A method for an in situ remediation of a contaminated medium , comprising:dispersing metal-free catalyst particles into an aqueous solution with sulfide and obtaining a mixture;injecting the mixture of the metal-free catalyst particles and the aqueous solution with sulfide into permeable zones of the contaminated medium;retaining the metal-free catalyst particles in the contaminated medium by a natural filtration when the metal-free catalyst particles go through the contaminated medium;forming an in situ reaction zone and reacting the contaminated medium continuously; andincreasing the rate of diffusion of contaminants of the less permeable zones.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-free catalyst particles are coded as IS-NC particles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-free catalyst particles are coded as Bio-NC particles.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst IS-NC particles are prepared as following ...

MULTIVALENCE PHOTOCATALYTIC SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS

Described herein are elements comprising a p-type semiconductor comprising mixed valence oxide compounds and an n-type semiconductor having a deeper valence band than the p-type semiconductor valence bands wherein the semiconductor types are in ionic communication with each other. The elements enhance photocatalytic activity. 1. An element comprising:at least one p-type semiconductor comprising mixed valence oxide compounds, the compound having p-type conduction bands and p-type valence bands; andat least one n-type semiconductor having a deeper valence band than the p-type semiconductor valence bands, the n-type semiconductor in ionic charge communication with the mixed valence oxide compounds.2. The element of claim 1 , further comprising a noble metal in ionic charge communication with the mixed valence oxide compounds.3. The element of claim 2 , wherein the noble metal is selected from rhodium claim 2 , ruthium claim 2 , palladium claim 2 , silver claim 2 , osmium claim 2 , platinum and gold claim 2 ,4. The element of claim 2 , wherein the noble metal is loaded onto the at least one n-type semiconductor.5. The element of claim 1 , wherein the mixed valence oxide compounds comprise pairs selected from copper(I) and copper(II); cobalt (II) and cobalt (III); Mn(II) and Mn(III); Fe(II) and Fe(III) and Ir(III) and Ir(IV).6. The element of claim 1 , wherein the at least one p-type semiconductor is loaded onto the at least one n-type semiconductor.7. The element of claim 1 , wherein the mixed valence oxide compounds are substantially uniformly dispersed onto the at least one n-type semiconductor.8. The element of claim 1 , wherein the mixed valence oxide compounds have a particle size of 100 nm or less.9. The element of claim 5 , wherein the copper(I) and copper (II) compound is a CuO compound.10. The element of claim 9 , wherein the CuxO compound is chemically valence controlled.11. The element of claim 5 , wherein the ratio of copper(I) and copper (II) is between 10: ...

CARBON CATALYST, BATTERY ELECTRODE AND BATTERY

A carbon catalyst has: a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption temperature range from ° C.-° C. of 0.75×10mol/g or more or a nitrogen desorption amount in the range from ° C. to ° C. of 1.20×10mol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring nitrogen desorption amount temperature range from ° C. -° C.; a carbon structure exhibits a zeta potential isoelectric point of pH or more; or a carbon structure exhibits a ratio of an intensity of a first nitrogen peak within a range of a binding energy of 398.0±1.0 eV, to an intensity of a second nitrogen peak having a peak top within a range of a binding energy of 400.5±1.0 eV, of 0.620 or more, the first and second nitrogen peaks obtained by separating a peak derived from a 1s orbital of a nitrogen atom in a photoelectron spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 1. A carbon catalyst , comprising a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 800° C. to 1 ,000° C. of 0.75×10mol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 600° C. to 1 ,000° C.2. A carbon catalyst , comprising a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 600° C. to 1 ,000° C. of 1.20×10mol/g or more in a temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 600° C. to 1 ,000° C.3. The carbon catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon catalyst comprises the carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 600° C. to 1 claim 1 ,000° C. of 1.20×10mol/g or more in the temperature programmed desorption method including measuring a nitrogen desorption amount in the temperature range from 600° C. to 1 claim 1 ,000° C.4. A carbon catalyst claim 1 , comprising a carbon structure that exhibits a zeta potential ...

PHOTOCATALYST FOR WATER SPLITTING, PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SAME, AND PHOTOELECTRODE FOR WATER SPLITTING

The present invention provides a photocatalyst for water splitting which includes barium niobium oxynitride and exhibits excellent water splitting performance and a production method for the same, and a water splitting photoelectrode. The photocatalyst for water splitting of the present invention is a photocatalyst for water splitting including: an optical semiconductor and a promoter supported by the optical semiconductor, in which the optical semiconductor includes barium niobium oxynitride, and the promoter includes at least one substance selected from a group consisting of cobalt oxides and metallic cobalt. 1. A photocatalyst for water splitting comprising:an optical semiconductor; anda promoter supported by the optical semiconductor,wherein the optical semiconductor includes barium niobium oxynitride, andthe promoter includes at least one substance selected from a group consisting of cobalt oxides and metallic cobalt.2. The photocatalyst for water splitting according to claim 1 ,wherein an amount of the promoter supported is in a range of 0.001 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the optical semiconductor.3. A production method for the photocatalyst for water splitting according to claim 1 , comprising:a step A of mixing barium niobium oxynitride and a cobalt compound and carrying out a heating treatment on an obtained mixture in an atmosphere in which barium niobium oxynitride is not oxidized.4. The production method for the photocatalyst for water splitting according to claim 3 , further comprising claim 3 , prior to the step A:a step B of mixing an oxide including a barium atom and a niobium atom and a compound which is different from the oxide, includes a barium atom, and may include a niobium atom so that a ratio (Ba molar amount/Nb molar amount) of a total molar amount (the Ba molar amount) of the barium atom derived from the oxide and the barium atom derived from the compound to a total molar amount (the Nb molar amount ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN FROM FORMIC ACID

The present invention provides a hydrogen generating apparatus and a hydrogen generating method, wherein the hydrogen generating apparatus generates hydrogen by dehydrating formic acid, and comprises: a reactor for containing water and a heterogeneous catalyst; a formic acid feeder for feeding formic acid into the reactor; and a moisture remover for removing moisture generated from the reactor. 1. An apparatus for generating hydrogen by dehydrogenation of a formic acid , comprising:a reactor containing water and a heterogeneous catalyst;a formic acid feeder configured to supply a formic acid into the reactor; anda moisture remover configured to remove moisture generated at the reactor.2. The apparatus for generating hydrogen according to claim 1 , further comprising:a freezer configured to condense the moisture removed by the moisture remover and supply the condensed moisture to the reactor.3. The apparatus for generating hydrogen according to claim 1 ,wherein the heterogeneous catalyst is a solid catalyst.4. The apparatus for generating hydrogen according to claim 1 ,wherein the formic acid supplied to the reactor by the formic acid feeder is an aqueous formic acid solution with a concentration of 70 to 99.9 wt %.5. The apparatus for generating hydrogen according to claim 1 ,wherein the formic acid feeder supplies the formic acid to the reactor at a feed rate of 0.1 mL to 2.2 L per minute.6. The apparatus for generating hydrogen according to claim 1 ,wherein the water and the formic acid supplied to the reactor by the formic acid feeder are mixed at the reactor to form an aqueous formic acid solution with a concentration of 20 to 90 wt %.7. A method for generating hydrogen by dehydrogenation of a formic acid claim 1 , comprising claim 1 ,adding a formic acid to a mixture of water and a heterogeneous catalyst to perform a dehydrogenation reaction.8. The method for generating hydrogen according to claim 7 , further comprising:removing a moisture generated at the ...

HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED CHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the reduction of carbon dioxide by heterogeneous catalysis. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to the reduction of carbon dioxide by heterogeneous catalysis with a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprising structurally frustrated Lewis pairs, wherein, for example but not by way of limitation, formic acid is produced and hydrocarbons are indirectly produced. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having structurally frustrated Lewis pairs therein. 1. A hydrogenation process , comprising:contacting (i) a compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carbonyls, nitriles, alkenes, alkynes, and combinations thereof and (ii) a catalyst comprising a solid material comprising a sheet of catalytically active material having frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs along a surface of the sheet; andcatalytically hydrogenating the compound.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises at least one carbonyl group.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the compound is carbon dioxide.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide produces formic acid.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid material having frustrated Lewis pairs comprises a solid surface having at least one Lewis acid site and at least one Lewis base site claim 1 , and at least one defect frustrating at least one pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites claim 1 , wherein the at least one frustrated pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites is catalytically active.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid material having frustrated Lewis pairs comprises a solid surface having Lewis acid moieties and Lewis base moieties spaced a distance apart from one another such that catalytic activity is present there-between and the ...

COMPOSITION CONTAINING PLATINUM

The invention provides for a composition comprising elemental platinum and/or at least one platinum-containing compound, where said platinum has a positive oxidation state, and one or more organic compounds comprising carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms, wherein at least one of said compounds comprises at least one olefinic unsaturation, characterized in that said composition comprises a proportion of organic compounds comprising carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms of from 50.0 to 99.9 wt % and a proportion of the sum of elemental platinum and platinum-containing compounds of from 0.1 to 50.0 wt % in each case based on the composition, with the proviso that the proportions of organic compounds comprising carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms and of elemental platinum and platinum-containing compounds sum to at least 90 wt % based on the composition and the proviso that the olefinic unsaturation content is at least 0.1 g of iodine/100 g of the organic compounds comprising carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms, corresponding to at least 0.004 meq/g, for a process for preparing said composition and for the use thereof. 1. A composition comprising elemental platinum and/or at least one platinum-containing compound , where said platinum has a positive oxidation state , and one or more organic compounds comprising carbon atoms , hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms , wherein at least one of said compounds comprises at least one olefinic unsaturation , wherein said composition comprises a proportion of organic compounds comprising carbon atoms , hydrogen atoms and at least two oxygen atoms of from 50.0 to 99.9 wt % and a proportion of the sum of elemental platinum and platinum-containing compounds of from 0.1 to 50.0 wt % in each case based on the composition , with the proviso that the proportions of organic compounds comprising carbon atoms , hydrogen atoms and at least two ...

Organic wastewater treatment by a single-atom catalytic fenton filter and electrolytically-generated h2o2

Disclosed herein are Fenton filters comprising a porous substrate and a catalyst coating the porous substrate, wherein the catalyst includes a matrix and single metal atoms incorporated in the matrix. Also disclosed herein are methods of generating radicals from an oxidant, electrolyzers, methods of generating hydrogen peroxide, and water treatment systems.

DOPED-CARBON COMPOSITES, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite includes preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive, evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders, and subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite. 1. A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a solution having a material containing tannin and an additive containing a doping chemical element;(b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and(c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material containing the tannin is tannin sulfonate claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element is one containing oxygen (O) claim 1 , nitrogen (N) claim 1 , phosphorus (P) claim 1 , boron (B) claim 1 , sulfur (S) claim 1 , iodine (I) claim 1 , fluorine (F) claim 1 , silicon (Si) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , germanium (Ge) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1800° C.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the duration of time effective is in a range of about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by subjecting the plurality of powders to a microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by a heat source other than a microwave radiation source.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.9. An article of manufacture by the method of .10. A composite synthesized by ...

SYNTHESIS OF A MESOPOROUS THREE DIMENSIONAL CARBON NITRIDE DERIVED FROM CYANAMIDE AND ITS USE IN THE KNOEVENAGEL REACTION

Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (MGCN) materials and method of making said MGCN materials is described. The MGCN materials include a three dimensional cyanamide based carbon nitride matrix having tunable pore diameters, a pore volume between 0.40 and 0.80 cmg, and a surface area of 195 to 300 mgm. The matrix comprises sheets of three dimensionally arranged s-heptazine (tri-s-triazine) units. The MGCN materials are used as catalysts in aldol condensation reactions, in particular Knoevenagel reactions. The mesoporous structure is obtained by means of a silica template like KIT-6, which is removed after polymerisation of the cyanamide monomers. 1. A mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride material (MGCN) and comprising sheets of three dimensionally arranged s-heptazine units , and having a pore volume between 0.70 and 0.80 cmg , a surface area of 275 to 300 mg , and an atomic carbon to nitrogen ratio of 0.7 to 0.8 , wherein the MGCN material is derived from cyanamide and the cyanamide is templated with a hard KIT-6 template.2. The mesoporous material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a d spacing of 89 to 92.3. (canceled)4. The mesoporous material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a pore volume between 0.75 and 0.77 cmg claim 1 , and a surface area of 275 to 285 mg claim 1 , and an atomic carbon to nitrogen ratio of 0.7 to 0.8.5. The mesoporous material of claim 4 , having a pore diameter of 4 to 4.2 nm.6. The mesoporous material of claim 1 , wherein the material has a pore volume between 0.769 cmg claim 1 , and a surface area of 280.5 mg claim 1 , an atomic carbon to nitrogen ratio of 0.7 to 0.8 claim 1 , and a pore diameter of 4.2 nm.7. A condensation reaction process comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(a) contacting the mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride material of with a carbonyl containing compound and an activated methylene containing compound forming a reactant mixture; and'}(b) subjecting the reactant mixture to conditions ...

LOW 4-METHYLIMIDAZOLE (4-MeI) CARAMEL COLOR CLASS IV PRODUCTION

The application pertains to a process comprising a) acidifying a carbohydrate to a pH below 2; b) heating the mixture from step a) to a temperature from about 60° C. to about 100° C.; c) adding a catalyst to the mixture from step b) over a time from about 10 minutes to about 200 minutes; d) heating the mixture from step c) to a temperature from about 121° C.! to about 140° C. and to a pressure of about 4.5 Kg/cmto about 5.3 Kg/cmover a time from about 15 minutes to about 90 minutes; and e) maintaining the mixture of step d) at a temperature from about 121° C. to about 140° C. and a pressure of about 4.5 Kg/cmto about 5.3 Kg/cmover a time from about 1 minute to about 300 minutes. 1. A process comprising:a) acidifying a carbohydrate comprised of a corn syrup to a pH below 2;b) heating the mixture from step a) to a temperature from about 60° C. to about 100° C.;c) adding a catalyst comprised of ammonium and sulfite compounds to the mixture from step b) over a time from about 10 minutes to about 200 minutes;{'sup': 2', '2, 'd) heating the mixture from step c) to a temperature from about 121° C. to about 140° C. and to a pressure of about 4.5 Kg/cmto about 5.3 Kg/cmover a time from about 15 minutes to about 90 minutes; and'}{'sup': 2', '2, 'e) maintaining the mixture of step d) at a temperature from about 121° C. to about 140-° C. and a pressure of about 4.5 Kg/cmto about 5.3 Kg/cmover a time from about 1 minute to about 300 minutes to produce a caramel color having a concentration of 4-Mel of less than 20 ppm and a color intensity at 0.1% (w/v) measured at 610 nm of at least 0.2 Uabs.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH in step a) is from about 1.1 to about 1.4.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature in step b) is from about 87° C. to about 93° C.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the temperature in step b) is from about 89° C. to about 91° C.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the addition time in step c) is from about 10 minutes to about 70 ...

CATALYTIC ACTIVATED CARBON STRUCTURES AND METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE

The present disclosure relates generally to catalytic activated carbon structures and the methods of removing sulfur-containing compounds from fluid stream using such catalytic activated carbon structures. In certain aspects, the catalytic activated carbon structure comprise nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder, wherein the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least about 30% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 398.0 eV as determined by XPS. 1. A catalytic activated carbon material comprising:a matrix including nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder,wherein the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least about 30% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 398.0 eV as determined by XPS, andwherein the matrix material is formed into a three-dimensional structure.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon in an amount of from 10% to about 80% by weight based on total weight of the material.3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises the cuprous oxide in an amount of from 5% to about 50% by weight based on total weight of the material.4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the cuprous oxide has a D90 particle size of less than about 40 microns.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional structure is a honeycomb having a cell density of from about 10 to about 1500 cells per square inch.6. The material of claim 5 , wherein the material has a B.E.T. surface area of from about 200 m/g to about 3000 m/g.7. The material of claim 1 , wherein at least about 50% by weight of the nitrogen are ...

Catalyst For Methacrylic Acid Production And Process For Producing Methacrylic Acid

There is provided a hetero polyacid-based catalyst for methacrylic acid production, which is more excellent in performance, life and moisture absorption during storage, the catalyst being a catalyst for methacrylic acid production, wherein a proton is replaced so as to satisfy conditions of α=A+(B×C) and 0.5≦α≦1.4 when the atomic ratio of the alkali metal atom relative to atoms of Mo is taken as A and the atomic ratio of the copper atom relative to atoms of Mo is taken as B in MoPVCuYZOwhere Y represents cesium or the like; Z represents iron or the like; and a to g represent each an atomic ratio of each element relative to 10 atoms of Mo. 1. catalyst for methacrylic acid production used for producing methacrylic acid by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein with molecular oxygen , {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g, 'MoPVCuYZO'}, 'the catalyst having a composition represented by the following general formulawherein Mo, P, V, Cu and O represent molybdenum, phosphorus, vanadium, copper and oxygen, respectively; Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium, cesium and thallium; Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, zinc, chromium, magnesium, tantalum, manganese, gallium, barium, cerium, lanthanum, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, germanium, ammonium, zirconium, tin, lead, titanium, tellurium, silver, selenium, silicon, tungsten and boron; a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent each an atomic ratio of each element and, when a is 10, b is 0.1 or more and 4 or less, c is 0.01 or more and 4 or less, d is 0.01 or more and 1 or less, e is 0.2 or more and 2 or less, f is 0or more and 3 or less, and g is a numerical value determined depending on oxidation states of individual elements, [{'br': None, 'i': A+', 'B×C, 'α=()'}, {'br': None, '0.5≦α≦1.4'}], 'wherein a proton that is a counter cation is replaced by an alkali metal ion so as to satisfy conditionswhen an ...

DOPED GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDES, METHODS OF MAKING AND USES OF THE SAME

Carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) compositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and barbituric acid. Phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and etidronic acid. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions, when in the presence of UV or visible light, can be used in water treatment systems to photocatalytically degrade persistent organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pesticides, and herbicides. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions can also be applied to surfaces of household and public items to kill protozoa, eukaryotic parasites, algal pathogens, bacteria, fungi, prions, viruses, or other microorganisms, preventing the transfer thereof between users. 1. A method of forming a supramolecule-based , carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) composition , the method comprising:forming a suspension comprising a solvent and a precursor mixture comprising melamine, cyanuric acid, and barbituric acid;drying the suspension at a first temperature to remove the solvent and form a supramolecular complex;{'sub': 3', '4, 'heating the supramolecular complex at a second temperature to form a carbon-doped g-CNcomposition.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor mixture comprises about 50 wt % melamine claim 1 , about 2.5-49.75 wt % cyanuric acid claim 1 , and about 0.25-47.5 wt % barbituric acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor mixture comprises about 50 wt % melamine claim 1 , about 47.5-49.75 wt % cyanuric acid claim 1 , and about 0.25-2.5 wt % barbituric acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is between about 450° C. and about 600° C.5. An article having a surface coated with a carbon-doped g-CNcomposition formed according to .6. The article of claim 5 , the article being any one of a kitchen counter-top claim 5 , a cutting ...

Ammonium Bisulfate Catalyzed Dehydration of Beta-Hydroxy Acids

Hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g., 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and/or their ammonium salts are dehydrated to their corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g., acrylic acid, by a process that uses a catalyst comprising ammonium bisulfate. The use of ammonium bisulfate reduces or eliminates the problems associated with processes that use sulfuric acid as a dehydrating catalyst, e.g, excess sulfuric acid consumption and/or recovery. 1. A process comprising the steps of:(A) Contacting in a reaction zone and under dehydration reaction conditions a beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid and/or its ammonium salt with a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising ammonium bisulfate (ABS) to form a dehydrated carboxylic acid, water and ammonium sulfate (AS),(B) Removing a vapor stream comprising the dehydrated carboxylic acid and water from the reaction zone,(C) Removing a liquid stream comprising AS from the reaction zone,(D) Forwarding the vapor stream to a purification zone in which the dehydrated carboxylic acid is separated from water,(E) Forwarding the liquid stream comprising AS to a thermal conversion zone in which the AS is converted to ABS and ammonia,(F) Optionally, recycling the ABS from step (E) to step (A),(G) Optionally, recovering ammonia from the thermal conversion zone, and(H) Optionally, removing a purge stream comprising ABS and/or AS prior to or at or near the beginning of the thermal conversion zone.2. The process of wherein steps A-C are operated in a continuous manner.3. The process of in which the beta-hydroxy carboxylic acid and/or its ammonium salt are 3-hydroxypropionic acid and/or its ammonium salt.4. The process of in which the dehydration reaction conditions include a temperature of 100° C. to 250° C. and a pressure of 26.6 kiloPascals (KPa) to 101.3 KPa.5. The process of comprising the additional step (F) of recycling the ABS from step (E) to step (A).6. The process of comprising the additional step (G) of recovering ammonia from the thermal conversion ...

POROUS ONE-DIMENSIONAL POLYMERIC GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE-BASED NANOSYSTEMS FOR CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS

In some aspects and embodiments, the present application provides a wide range of porous 1-D polymeric graphitic carbon-nitride materials that are atomically doped with binary metals in different morphologies. In some embodiments, the graphitic carbon-nitride materials can be prepared with high mass production from inexpensive and natural abundant precursors. In some embodiments, the materials were used successfully for the oxidation of CO to COunder ambient reaction temperature in addition to the reduction of COinto hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the materials can be used for practical and large-scale gas conversion for household or industrial applications.

NITROGEN-CONTAINING CARBON ALLOY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, CARBON ALLOY CATALYST, AND FUEL CELL

A problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a production method of a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy that has sufficiently high redox activity or has a large number of reaction electrons of redox reaction. A method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy comprising baking a precursor containing a nitrogen-containing organic compound and an inorganic metal salt containing one or more kinds of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and Cr, wherein: the precursor satisfies one of the requirements (a) and (b) below, and, the nitrogen-containing organic compound is one of a compound represented by the formula (1) below, a tautomer of the compound, and a salt and hydrate thereof: (a) the precursor contains the inorganic metal salt in an amount exceeding 45% by mass based on the total amount of the nitrogen-containing organic compound and the inorganic metal salt of the precursor, in which the total amount includes the mass of hydrated water in the nitrogen-containing organic compound and the inorganic metal salt, and the amount of the inorganic metal salt includes the mass of hydrated water in the inorganic metal, (b) the precursor further contains a β-diketone metal complex: 4. The method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy according to claim 2 , wherein the β-diketone metal complex is acetylacetone iron(II) claim 2 , bis(dipivaloylmethane)iron(II) claim 2 , bis(diisobutoxymethane)iron(II) claim 2 , bis(isobutoxypivaloylmethane)iron(II) claim 2 , or bis(tetramethyloctadione)iron(II).5. The method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy according to claim 2 , wherein the inorganic metal salt is a halide.6. The method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy according to claim 2 , wherein the inorganic metal salt contains Fe or Co.7. The method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy according to claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , in the formula (1) claim 2 , Q represents a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring claim 2 , a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ...

CATALYST FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS AND AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION

The present invention relates to a catalyst for ammonia synthesis and ammonia decomposition. The catalyst includes a nitrogen-containing compound of a main group element and a related support and an additive. The present invention is a novel catalytic material, which exhibits good catalytic activity in ammonia synthesis and ammonia decomposition reactions. 1. A catalyst for ammonia synthesis and ammonia decomposition , wherein said catalyst is used as a body and/or additive , the body being one or more than two of nitrogen and/or hydrogen-containing compound of a main group element , and the additive comprising one or more selected from support , transition metal nitride or transition metal alloy;the mass ratio of said catalyst body to the additive is in a range from 1000:1 to 1:500.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the formula of the nitrogen and/or hydrogen-containing compound of said main group element is MNH claim 1 , wherein M is an IA claim 1 , IIA or IIIA group element claim 1 , such as one or more selected from Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Rb claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Ba and Al claim 1 , and n (can be 1 claim 1 , 2 and 3) is the valence of M claim 1 , and m (can be 1 and −1) is the valence of H; when m=1 claim 1 , the formula is MNH claim 1 , and x=1-3 claim 1 , y=1-3; and{'sub': x', 'y', 'nx-3y, 'when m=−1, the formula is MNH, x=1-4, y=0-1.'}3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said main group element is one selected from Li claim 1 , Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Ba and Al or a mixture of more than two.4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said support is one selected from LiO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , CaO claim 1 , SrO claim 1 , BaO claim 1 , AlO claim 1 , BN claim 1 , SiN claim 1 , MgN claim 1 , CaN claim 1 , AlN claim 1 , molecular sieve claim 1 , carbon material claim 1 , and Metal-organic Frameworks (MOF) or a combination of more than two.5. The catalyst ...

Process for the manufacture of alcohol and/or ketone

Process for the manufacture of at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone, which comprises a step during which at least one organic peroxide compound is put into contact with at least one catalyst responding to formula (I) CrNOFormula (I) in which x is a number varying from 0.10 to 1.00 and y is a number varying from 0.00 to 1.50, in order to produce the at least one alcohol and/or at least one ketone.

CATALYST FOR HYDROLYSIS OF CARBONYL SULFIDE AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND USE OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE-BASED COMPOSITION

Provided are a catalyst for hydrolysis and use of a titanium dioxide-based composition which are capable of removing COS and HCN simultaneously at high degradation percentages. The catalyst for hydrolysis is a catalyst for hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen cyanide, having at least: an active component containing, as a main component, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of barium, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, and molybdenum; and a titanium dioxide-based support supporting the active component. 110.-. (canceled)11. A catalyst for hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen cyanide , comprising at least:an active component containing, as a main component, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of barium, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, and molybdenum; anda titanium dioxide-based support supporting the active component, whereinthe support comprises at least one titanium dioxide-based composite oxide selected from the group consisting of composite oxides of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, composite oxides of titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide, and composite oxides of titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide.12. The catalyst for hydrolysis according to claim 11 , whereinthe catalyst for hydrolysis is obtained by adding, to the support, at least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of barium carbonate, nickel carbonate, ruthenium nitrate, cobalt carbonate, and ammonium molybdate.13. The catalyst for hydrolysis according to claim 11 , whereinthe catalyst for hydrolysis has a honeycomb structure.14. Use of a titanium dioxide-based composition as a catalyst for hydrolyzing carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen cyanide claim 11 , whereinthe composition comprises at least:an active component containing, as a main component, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of barium, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, and molybdenum; anda titanium dioxide-based support supporting the active component, whereinthe support comprises at ...

Method of surface modification of alumina

A method of surface modification of an alumina carrier. The method includes: 1) dissolving a soluble kazoe in deionized water to yield a kazoe aqueous solution; 2) submerging an alumina carrier in the kazoe aqueous solution and drying the alumina carrier in a vacuum environment; 3) placing the dried alumina carrier in a reactor, adding silicon tetrachloride and Grignard reagent dropwise to the reactor, sealing the reactor and heating it to a constant temperature, and maintaining the constant temperature for between 3 and 18 hours, where a volume ratio of the added silicon tetrachloride and the alumina carrier is between 0.5:1 and 5:1, the constant temperature is controlled to be between 160 and 350° C.; and 4) cooling the reactor, filtering, washing, and drying the alumina carrier in the vacuum environment.

CATALYST FOR A CATALYTIC INK AND USES THEREOF

A catalyst for a catalytic ink includes a support particle and a metallic material supported on the support particle. The metallic material is diamminesilver hydroxide, a silver salt, a palladium salt, a gold salt, chloroauric acid, or combinations thereof. A catalytic ink obtained from the catalyst and use of the same to fabricate a conductive circuit are also disclosed. 1. A catalyst for a catalytic ink , comprising:a support particle;a metallic material supported on said support particle, said metallic material being selected from the group consisting of diamminesilver hydroxide, a silver salt, a palladium salt, a gold salt, chloroauric acid, and combinations thereof.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said metallic material includes catalytic ions supported on said support particle claim 1 , said catalytic ions being selected from the group consisting of silver complex ions claim 1 , silver ions claim 1 , palladium complex ions claim 1 , palladium ions claim 1 , gold complex ions claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein said catalytic ions are selected form the group consisting of diamminesilver complex ions claim 2 , Ag claim 2 , [AgCN] claim 2 , [AgCO] claim 2 , [AgSO] claim 2 , PdCl claim 2 , Pd claim 2 , [Au(CN)] claim 2 , AuCl claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate claim 1 , silver carbonate claim 1 , silver sulfate claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said palladium salt is selected from the group consisting of palladium chloride claim 1 , palladium acetate claim 1 , and the combination thereof.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein said support particle is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide particle claim 1 , zinc oxide particle claim 1 , aluminum oxide particle claim 1 , cerium(IV) oxide particle claim 1 , lanthanum oxide particle claim 1 , barium sulfate particle ...

DOPED GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDES, METHODS OF MAKING AND USES OF THE SAME

Carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) compositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and barbituric acid. Phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and etidronic acid. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions, when in the presence of UV or visible light, can be used in water treatment systems to photocatalytically degrade persistent organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pesticides, and herbicides. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-CNcompositions can also be applied to surfaces of household and public items to kill protozoa, eukaryotic parasites, algal pathogens, bacteria, fungi, prions, viruses, or other microorganisms, preventing the transfer thereof between users. 18-. (canceled)9. A method of forming a supramolecule-based , phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) composition , the method comprising:forming a suspension comprising a solvent and a precursor mixture comprising melamine, cyanuric acid, and etidronic acid;drying the suspension at a first temperature to remove the solvent and form a supramolecular complex:{'sub': 3', '4, 'heating the supramolecular complex at a second temperature to form a phosphorus-doped g-CNcomposition.'}10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the precursor mixture comprises about 50 wt % melamine claim 9 , about 37.5-49.75 wt % cyanuric acid claim 9 , and about 0.25-12.5 wt % etidronic acid.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the precursor mixture comprises about 50 wt % melamine claim 9 , about 47.5-49.75 wt % cyanuric acid claim 9 , and about 0.25-2.5 wt % etidronic acid.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second temperature is between about 450° C. and about 600° C.13. An article having a surface coated with a phosphorus-doped g-CNcomposition formed according to .14. The article of claim 13 , the article being any one of a kitchen ...

Titanium Oxynitride Having Titanium Deficiency-Type Halite Structure

Provided are titanium oxynitride having a titanium deficiency-type halite structure (TiON, wherein x and y are real numbers), in which x representing a deficiency degree of titanium is greater than 0 and less than 1, and y representing an introduction degree of nitrogen is greater than 0 and less than 1, and a method of preparing the same. The titanium oxynitride having the titanium deficiency-type halite structure with an improved photocatalyst property in the visible wavelength region may be provided. 1. Titanium oxynitride having a titanium deficiency-type halite structure (TiON , in which x and y are real numbers) ,wherein x representing a deficiency degree of titanium is greater than 0 and less than 1, and y representing an introduction degree of nitrogen is greater than 0 and less than 1,wherein an oxidation number of the titanium site in the halite structure is greater than +2 and less than +3, and an oxidation number of the oxygen site in the halite structure is greater than −3 and less than −2.2. The titanium oxynitride according to claim 1 , wherein a vacancy is formed at a titanium site in the halite structure according to the amount by which titanium is deficient claim 1 , and nitrogen is substituted for oxygen at an oxygen site in the halite structure by binding to titanium.3. The titanium oxynitride according to claim 1 , which includes a {111} cleavage plane.4. The titanium oxynitride according to claim 1 , which consists of hollow nanoparticles that are empty inside.5. (canceled)6. The titanium oxynitride according to claim 1 , which has a lower band gap energy than titanium dioxide (TiO).710-. (canceled) The present invention relates to titanium oxynitride and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to titanium oxynitride having a titanium deficiency-type halite structure, which has an improved photocatalyst property in a visible wavelength region, and a method of preparing the same.A semiconductor metal oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO), ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MATERIAL FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENTS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR-RESISTANT MEMBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MEMBER FOR PREVENTING DETERIORATION OF EDIBLE OILS, PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL, MATERIAL FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENTS, WEAR-RESISTANT MEMBER, AND MEMBER FOR PREVENTING DETERIORATION OF EDIBLE OILS

An object is to produce a titanium material with a crystalline titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof. The titanium material with a crystalline titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof is useful as a photocatalyst material, a photoelectric conversion element material, a wear-resistant member, an edible oil deterioration-preventing member, and the like that have high functionality. 1. A method for producing a metal titanium material or titanium alloy material with a crystalline titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof , the method comprising:(1) performing roughening treatment on the surface of a metal titanium material or titanium alloy material to form a roughened material,(2) forming a titanium compound on the surface of the roughened material obtained in step (1),(3) performing anodizing treatment on the material with the titanium compound formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (2) in an electrolyte solution having no etching properties for titanium to form an amorphous titanium oxide film, and(4) performing heat treatment on the material with the amorphous titanium oxide film formed on the surface thereof obtained in step (3) in at least one atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an air atmosphere, a mixed atmosphere of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, and an oxygen gas atmosphere at a temperature of 300° C. or more to form a crystalline titanium oxide film.2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the roughening treatment of step (1) is blast treatment.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein chemical etching treatment is further performed after the roughening treatment of step (1).4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium compound formed in step (2) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride claim 1 , titanium carbide claim 1 , titanium carbonitride claim 1 , and titanium boronitride.5. The production method according to claim ...

PHOTOEXCITATION MATERIAL

A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing t gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. 1. A method for producing a photoexcitation material , the method comprising:preparing a substrate; anddepositing a powder of a material over the substrate using a He carrier gas according to a nano particle deposition method to form a thin film,wherein the thin film contains a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, anda peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the He carrier gas is ejected at a flow rate from a nozzle claim 1 , together with the powder of the material claim 1 , onto the substrate.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thin film includes the photoexcitation material which is represented by GaNZnO claim 1 , where x falls within a range of 0.00 Подробнее

PHOSPHORUS-DOPED TUBULAR CARBON NITRIDE MICRO-NANO MATERIAL AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GAS

The invention discloses a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material and application thereof in waste gas treatment. Melamine is partially hydrolyzed into cyanuric acid through a phosphorous acid-assisted hydrothermal method to form a melamine-cyanuric acid super molecular precursor; the center of the precursor starts to be pyrolyzed under heating calcination, and thus phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride is obtained; the phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride and sodium borohydride are mixed and subjected to low-temperature calcination in an inert gas atmosphere, and defect-modified phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride is obtained. The defect-modified phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material has a good photocatalytic effect on catalytic degradation of waste gas; besides, the production raw materials are abundant and easy to obtain, and the phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material is good in stability and recyclable and has application prospects in waste gas treatment. 1. A phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material , characterized in that the preparation method of the phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material including the following steps:(1) in the presence of phosphorous acid and water, hydrothermally reacting melamine, and then calcining it to obtain phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride,(2) mixing and calcing said phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride with sodium borohydride to obtain a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material.2. The phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride micro-nano material according to claim 1 , wherein in the step (1) claim 1 , the temperature of hydrothermal reaction is 180° C. and the time is 10 h; the calcination is carried out in an argon atmosphere claim 1 , the heating rate is 2.5° C./min claim 1 , the time is 4 h claim 1 , and the calcination temperature is 500° C.;in the step (2), the calcination is carried out in ...

SELECTIVE AEROBIC OXIDATIONS USING CARBON NITRIDE NANOTUBES

The present invention discloses an improved oxidation process using carbon nitride nanotubes as metal free catalyst and molecular O2 as the oxidant to obtain desired adipic acid and other oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity. 1. A single step and metal free oxidation process for the preparation of oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity which comprises reacting the substrate with molecular Oin presence of carbon nitride nanotubes catalyst and a solvent.2. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at temperature 100-140° C.3. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein 25-100 mg carbon nitride nanotubes catalyst was used for 0.15 mole of substrate.4. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected form acetonitrile and acetone.5. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein oxygenated hydrocarbons is selected from the group consisting of acids claim 1 , ketones and lactones.6. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein acid is adipic acid when substrate used is cyclohexane or cyclohexanone.7. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein ketones is 2-hexanone when substrate used is n-hexane.8. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein lactones is caprolactone when substrate used is cyclohexanone in the presence of benzaldehyde.9. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein selectivity of acids claim 1 , ketones and lactones is in the range of −10-90%.10. The oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein conversion of n-hexane claim 1 , cyclohexanone and cyclohexane is in the range of −10-70%. The present invention relates to an improved oxidation process using carbon nitride nanotubes as metal free catalyst and molecular Oas the oxidant to obtain desired adipic acid and other oxygenated hydrocarbons with improved conversion and selectivity.Selective oxidation of hydrocarbons is an ...

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOPARTICLE DIODE

An oxidative method for water is provided. The oxidative method includes providing a compound having properties of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor; obtaining a mixture by adding the compound to the water; and illuminating the mixture using a light source to excite the compound. 1. An oxidative method for water , comprises:providing a compound having properties of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor;obtaining a mixture by adding the compound to the water; andilluminating the mixture using a light source to excite the compound.2. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light source has an excitation wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm.3. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water includes an organic material and an inorganic material.4. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 1 , wherein the compound has a quantum dot selected from a group consisting of a doped graphene oxide-quantum dot claim 1 , a graphene oxide-quantum dot and a combination thereof.5. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 4 , wherein the doped graphene oxide-quantum dot has at least a functional group selected from a group consisting of an amino group (NH—) claim 4 , a boron atom (B—) claim 4 , a hydrogen atom (H—) claim 4 , a hydroxyl group (—OH) claim 4 , a nitrogen atom (N—) claim 4 , an oxygen atom (O—) claim 4 , a phosphorus atom (P—) and a combination thereof.6. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 4 , wherein the doped graphene oxide-quantum dot has a carbon cluster serving as an interfacial junction.7. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 4 , wherein the doped graphene oxide-quantum dot is embedded with the nitrogen atom claim 4 , and grafted with the oxygen atom.8. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 4 , wherein the doped graphene oxide-quantum dot has a particle size ranging from 6 nm to 10 nm claim 4 , and a height ranging from 1 nm to 3 nm.9. The oxidative method in claimed in claim 4 , wherein ...

Production of Meso-Lactide, D-Lactide, and L-Lactide by Back Biting of Polylactide

Process for increasingly producing D-Lactide and meso lactide by depolymerizing by back biting polylactide (PLA) said process which comprises: (i) Depolymerizing polylactide into its corresponding dimeric cyclic esters by heating the polylactide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a catalyst and a co-catalyst in a reaction zone at temperature and pressure at which the polylactide is molten; (ii) Forming a vapor product stream from the reaction zone; (iii) Removing the vapor product stream and optionally condense it; (iv) Recovering, either together or separately meso-lactide, D- lactide and L-lactide. 113-. (canceled)14. Process for increasingly producing D-Lactide and meso lactide by depolymerizing by back biting polylactide (PLA) said process which comprises:{'sub': '2', 'Depolymerizing polylactide into its corresponding dimeric cyclic esters by heating the polylactide in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises a catalyst of general formula (M)(X1, X2, . . . Xm)n where M is a metal selected from the group comprising the elements of columns 3 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements as well as the elements Al, Ga, In, Ti, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ca and Mg, and X1, X2, . . . Xm are each substituents selected from one of the classes of alkyls, aryls, oxides, carboxylates, halogenides, alkoxides as well as elements of columns 15 and/or 16 of the periodic table, <> is an integer ranging from 1 to 6 and <> is an integer ranging from 0 to 6; the co-catalyst is selected from the group comprising an organosilane aliphatic or cycloaliphatic selected from the group comprising alkylalkoxysilane or the cycloalkoxysilane represented by the general formula QQ′Si(O-methyle), where the Q and Q′ are the same or different and are alkyle or cycloalkyle radical containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in a reaction zone at temperature and pressure at which the polylactide is molten;'}(ii) Forming a vapor product stream from the reaction zone;(iii) Removing the ...

COMPOSITE, A METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF, AND A METHOD FOR DEGRADING A POLLUTANT

A composite containing carbon nitride and a mixed metal sulfide. The composite is useful as a photocatalyst. A method of making the composite and a method of photocatalyzing the degradation of pollutants are described herein. 1: A composite , comprising:carbon nitride; anda mixed metal sulfide comprising sulfur and two or more metals selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a lanthanide, a transition metal, and a post-transition metal.2: The composite of claim 1 , which comprises 0.5-40 wt % of the mixed metal sulfide claim 1 , based on a total weight of the composite.3: The composite of claim 2 , which comprises 0.5-20 wt % of the mixed metal sulfide.4: The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nitride is alpha carbon nitride claim 1 , beta carbon nitride claim 1 , graphitic carbon nitride claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.5: The composite of claim 4 , wherein the carbon nitride is graphitic carbon nitride.6: The composite of claim 5 , wherein the graphitic carbon nitride is in a form of a sheet.7: The composite of claim 1 , wherein the two or more metals are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a post-transition metal.8: The composite of claim 7 , wherein the two or more metals are silver and gallium.9: The composite of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal sulfide is in a form of a particle.10: The composite of claim 9 , wherein the mixed metal sulfide is in a form of a particle with a diameter in a range of 0.5-5 nm.11: The composite of claim 9 , wherein the carbon nitride is in the form of a sheet and the mixed metal sulfide is disposed on a surface of the sheet.12: The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a band gap energy in a range of more than 2 eV and less than 2.6 eV.13: A method for producing the composite of claim 1 , comprising:dissolving a surfactant in water thereby forming a first solution;mixing the first solution with an optionally substituted urea thereby forming a second ...

PURIFICATION UNIT AND PURIFICATION DEVICE

A purification unit includes a first electric conductor, a second electric conductor, and a third electric conductor. At least a part of the first electric conductor is electrically connected to one surface of the third electric conductor, and at least a part of the second electric conductor is electrically connected to the other surface of the third electric conductor. At least a part of the first electric conductor contacts a gas phase including oxygen, and at least a part of the second electric conductor contacts a treatment target. A purification device includes the purification unit, and a treatment tank for holding, in an inside, the purification unit and wastewater to be purified by the purification unit. The purification unit is installed so at least a part of the first electric conductor contacts the gas phase, and at least a part of the second electric conductor contacts the wastewater. 1. A purification unit comprising:a first electric conductor in which an oxygen reduction reaction occurs;a second electric conductor different from the first electric conductor and generating hydrogen ions and electrons from at least either one of organic matter and a nitrogen-containing compound; anda third electric conductor different from the first electric conductor and the second electric conductor,wherein at least a part of the first electric conductor is electrically connected to one surface of the third electric conductor, and at least a part of the second electric conductor is electrically connected to other surface of the third electric conductor, andat least a part of the first electric conductor contacts a gas phase including oxygen, and at least a part of the second electric conductor contacts a treatment target, andan external circuit which ensures a potential difference between the first electric conductor and the second electric conductor is not provided.2. The purification unit according to claim 1 , wherein the third electric conductor has higher ...

PURIFICATION UNIT AND PURIFICATION DEVICE

A purification unit includes a first electric conductor and a second electric conductor that contacts the first electric conductor. The first electric conductor includes a junction composed of a contact surface with the second electric conductor and an electronic connection section that conducts electrons from the junction to a catalyst. The second electric conductor includes a junction composed of a contact surface with the first electric conductor and an electronic connection section that conducts electrons, which moves from microorganisms to the second electric conductor, to the junction. The electronic connection section of the first electric conductor has higher electrical resistivity than the junction of the first electric conductor, and/or the electronic connection section of the second electric conductor has higher electrical resistivity than the junction of the second electric conductor. The first electric conductor contacts a gas phase including oxygen, and the second electric conductor contacts a treatment target. 1. A purification unit comprising:a first electric conductor including a catalyst; anda second electric conductor brought into contact with and electrically connected to the first electric conductor, andwherein the first electric conductor includes: a junction composed of a contact surface with the second electric conductor; and an electronic connection section that conducts electrons from the junction to the catalyst, and the second electric conductor includes: a junction composed of a contact surface with the first electric conductor; and an electronic connection section that conducts electrons to the junction, the electrons moving from the microorganisms to the second electric conductor,the electronic connection section of the first electric conductor has higher electrical resistivity than the junction of the first electric conductor, and/or the electronic connection section of the second electric conductor has higher electrical resistivity ...

METAL-CARBON HYBRID COMPOSITE HAVING NITROGEN-DOPED CARBON SURFACE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Disclosed are a metal-carbon hybrid composite having a nitrogen-doped carbon surface and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal-carbon hybrid composite, wherein the surface of carbon for the metal-carbon hybrid composite may be doped with nitrogen in a single step using a co-vaporization process, and to a metal-carbon hybrid composite having a nitrogen-doped carbon surface manufactured by the method. 1. A method of manufacturing a metal-carbon hybrid composite having a nitrogen-doped carbon surface , comprising:(S1) vaporizing a metal precursor in a first vaporizer, and an organic material precursor for forming a carbon skeleton and a nitrogen compound precursor in a second vaporizer;(S2) heating a reactor in which synthesis is to be carried out to a final reaction temperature; and(S3) supplying the metal precursor, the organic material precursor, and the nitrogen compound precursor, which were vaporized in S1, into the reactor in S2 via a carrier gas in a non-contact manner, and allowing the precursors to stand for a predetermined period of time, thus synthesizing a metal-carbon hybrid composite having a nitrogen-doped carbon surface.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a platinum precursor claim 1 , a palladium precursor claim 1 , a ruthenium precursor claim 1 , a nickel precursor claim 1 , a cobalt precursor claim 1 , a molybdenum precursor claim 1 , a gold precursor claim 1 , a cerium precursor claim 1 , and a tungsten precursor.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the platinum (Pt) precursor is selected from the group consisting of (trimethyl)methylcyclopentadienyl platinum claim 2 , platinum(II) acetylacetonate claim 2 , tetrakis(trifluorophosphine) platinum(0) claim 2 , tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) claim 2 , platinum(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate claim 2 , trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) ...

Olefin polymerization catalyst components and process for the production of olefin polymers therewith

The present invention relates to a Ziegler-Natta catalyst component for olefin polymerization containing an amide element in combination with one or more internal electron donors. The catalyst components, according to the present invention, are able to produce polypropylene polymers with higher stereo-regularity. The present invention also provides a phthalate-free catalyst system capable of producing polypropylene with an isotacticity that is equal to or higher than catalyst systems containing phthalate derivatives. 2. (canceled)3. The component of claim 1 , wherein the one or more amide compounds are selected from cyclic amide compounds claim 1 , wherein two or more of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare linked to form one or more saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic rings.4. The component of claim 1 , wherein the one or more amide compounds are non-cyclic amide compounds.5. The component of claim 1 , wherein the one or more amide compounds are selected from 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-piperidone claim 1 , n-methyl-2-piperidone claim 1 , 2-piperidone claim 1 , 2-pyrrolidinone claim 1 , n-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-piperidone claim 1 , n-methyl-2-pyridone claim 1 , 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone claim 1 , 1-benzyl-2-piperidone claim 1 , 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidinone claim 1 , n claim 1 ,n-dimethylpropionamide claim 1 , n claim 1 ,n-dimethylisobutyramide claim 1 , n claim 1 ,n-dimethylacetamide claim 1 , n claim 1 ,n-dimethylpentanamide claim 1 , n claim 1 ,n-dimethylhexanamide claim 1 , and their derivatives.6. The component of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more internal electron donors is selected from a 1 claim 1 ,3 diether compound.7. The component of claim 6 , wherein the 1 claim 6 ,3 diether compound is selected from 9 claim 6 ,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene; 9 claim 6 ,9-bis(methoxymethyl)-2 claim 6 ,3 claim 6 ,6 claim 6 ,7-tetramethylfluorene; 9 claim 6 ,9-bis(methoxymethyl)-2 claim 6 ,3 claim 6 ,4 claim 6 ,5 claim 6 ,6 claim 6 ,7-hexafluorofluorene; 9 claim ...

Silica Materials and Methods of Making Thereof

Disclosed herein are methods for the preparation of porous metal oxide materials, including metal oxide xerogels and metal oxide aerogels. Methods for preparing porous metal oxide materials can comprise (i) reacting a metal alkoxide with water in the presence of a catalyst system to form a partially hydrolyzed sol, (ii) contacting the partially hydrolyzed sol with a base catalyst and a non-aqueous solvent to form a precursor gel; and (iii) drying the precursor gel to form the porous metal oxide material. The catalyst system employed in step (i) comprises a combination of a weak acid and a strong acid. 1. A method for preparing a porous metal oxide material comprising:(i) reacting a metal alkoxide with water in the presence of a catalyst system to form a partially hydrolyzed sol, wherein the catalyst system comprises a strong acid and a weak acid;(ii) contacting the partially hydrolyzed sol with a base catalyst and a non-aqueous solvent to form a precursor gel; and(iii) drying the precursor gel to form the porous metal oxide material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weak acid and the strong acid are present in a molar ratio of weak acid:strong acid of from 1:1 to 200:13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the weak acid and the strong acid are present in a molar ratio of weak acid:strong acid of from 4:1 to 70:1.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weak acid comprises acetic acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strong acid comprises nitric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal alkoxide comprises a silicon alkoxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the silicon alkoxide is selected from the group consisting of tetramethoxysilane claim 6 , tetraethoxysilane claim 6 , tetrapropoxysilane claim 6 , tetrabutoxysilane claim 6 , and combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the partially hydrolyzed sol comprises at least 10 wt % silica claim 6 , at least 15 wt % silica claim 6 , ...

METHOD OF FORMING NITROGEN-DOPED POROUS GRAPHENE ENVELOPE

Disclosed is a method of forming a nitrogen-doped porous graphene envelope. The method of forming the nitrogen-doped porous graphene envelope includes dissolving a nitrogen precursor in an organic precursor and then vaporizing the resulting precursor to thus simultaneously synthesize the graphene envelope and perform nitrogen doping in a single step. 1. A method of forming a nitrogen-doped porous graphene envelope , the method comprising:(S1) vaporizing an organic precursor and a nitrogen precursor to form the graphene envelope in a vaporizer;(S2) providing substrate particles in a reactor, in which synthesis is to be performed, and then heating the reactor to increase a temperature to a final reaction temperature; and(S3) supplying the organic precursor and the nitrogen precursor of step (S1) using a carrier gas to the reactor of step (S2) and maintaining the reactor for a predetermined time.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate particles are a platinum-supported carbon black catalyst claim 1 , metal nanoparticles for catalyst reforming claim 1 , or silicon nanoparticles for a secondary battery electrode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal nanoparticles are nickel-supported alumina particles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic precursor is a liquid precursor selected from the group consisting of ethanol claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , acetylene claim 1 , and acetone.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen precursor is pyridine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step (S1) includes vaporizing a precursor solution which includes the nitrogen precursor dissolved in the organic precursor.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reactor is increased to 400 to 1100° C. during the step (S2).8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier gas is an oxygen claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , argon claim 1 , helium claim 1 , or nitrogen gas. 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a method of forming a ...

PHOTOEXCITATION MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOTOEXCITATION MATERIAL

A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. 1. A photoexcitation material comprising:a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen,wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis,2. The photoexcitation material according to claim 1 , wherein the photoexcitation material is represented by GaNZnO claim 1 , where x falls within a range of 0.00 Подробнее

HETEROGENEOUS METAL-FREE CATALYST

The inventive concepts disclosed and/or claimed herein relate generally to catalysts and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a heterogeneous, metal-free hydrogenation catalyst containing frustrated Lewis pairs. In one non-limiting embodiment, the heterogeneous, metal-free catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) having frustrated Lewis pairs therein. 1. A heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst , comprising:a solid surface substantially free of metals, the solid surface having at least one Lewis acid site and at least one Lewis base site; andat least one defect frustrating at least one pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites, wherein the at least one frustrated pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base sites is catalytically active.2. A heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst , comprising:a solid surface having non-metallic Lewis acid moieties and non-metallic Lewis base moieties spaced a distance apart from one another such that (a) catalytic activity is present therebetween and (b) the formation of an acid-base adduct is prevented.3. The heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the Lewis acid moieties are selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements in a trigonal planar configuration claim 2 , halides of Group 15 elements claim 2 , electron poor π-systems claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the Lewis base moieties are selected from the group consisting of simple anions claim 2 , lone-pair-containing species claim 2 , complex anions claim 2 , electron rich π-systems claim 2 , and combinations thereof.5. The heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the Lewis acid moieties are selected from the group consisting of Group 13 elements in a trigonal planar configuration claim 2 , halides of Group 15 elements claim 2 , electron poor π-systems claim 2 , and combinations thereof claim 2 , and the Lewis base moieties are selected from the group consisting ...

Production System and Method of Production for Product Selected from Nitrogen-Containing Product and Fermented and Cultured Product

Provided is a novel production system for a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product that does not involve (or can minimize) the transport of liquid ammonia. A production system for a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product can include: an ammonia synthesis apparatus in which an ammonia-containing gas is synthesized by reaction of a source gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a supported metal catalyst containing as a support one or more selected from the group consisting of: i) a conductive mayenite compound; ii) a two-dimensional electride compound or a precursor thereof; and iii) a complex formed of a support base containing at least one metal oxide selected from ZrO, TiO, CeO, and MgO and a metal amide represented by a formula M(NH)(where M represents one or more selected from Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Eu; and x represents a valence number of M) supported by the support base; and a production apparatus that produces a product selected from a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product using ammonia originating from the ammonia-containing gas obtained by using the ammonia synthesis apparatus. 1. A production system useful for reacting a source gas and a metal catalyst to produce a product selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing product and a fermented and cultured product , the production system comprising:A) an ammonia synthesis apparatus configured to react a source gas comprising hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst and a support, wherein said support is selected from the group consisting of:i) a conductive mayenite compound;ii) a two-dimensional electride compound or a precursor thereof; [{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of ZrO, TiO, CeO, MgO, and combinations thereof, and'}, {'sub': 2', 'x, 'a metal amide represented by a formula M(NH), ...

Non-PGM Catalysts for Orr Based on Charge Transfer Organic Complexes

A sacrificial support-based method, a mechanosynthesis-based method, and a combined sacrificial support/mechanosynthesis support based method that enables the production of supported or unsupported catalytic materials and/or the synthesis of catalytic materials from both soluble and insoluble transition metal and charge transfer salt materials.

SURFACE-MODIFIED BORON NITRIDE NANOSTRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

The boron nitride nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present invention forms defects through surface modification and incorporates the metallic nanoparticles on the surface defects.

HONEYCOMB-LIKE HOMO-TYPE HETEROJUNCTION CARBON NITRIDE COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND APPLICATION IN CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTE GAS

Disclosed are a honeycomb-like homo-type heterojunction carbon nitride composite material and a preparation method thereof, and an application of the honeycomb-like homo-type heterojunction carbon nitride composite material in catalytic treatment of waste gas. The preparation method includes the following steps: with two different carbon nitride precursors namely urea and thiourea as raw materials, weighing certain amounts of the urea and the thiourea, adding the urea and the thiourea into a crucible, adding a certain amount of ultrapure water, placing the crucible in a muffle furnace, and carrying out calcination molding. The honeycomb-like homo-type heterojunction carbon nitride prepared by the one-step method has good photocatalytic effect to catalytic degradation of NO; meanwhile, the honeycomb-like homo-type heterojunction carbon nitride composite material has the advantages of rich and easily-available production raw materials, good stability, reusability, etc., and has application prospects in the field of treatment of NO in the air.

TRICOBALT TETRAOXIDE DODECAHEDRON / CARBON NITRIDE NANOSHEET COMPOSITE AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT

The invention discloses a visible light responsive tricobalt tetraoxide dodecahedron/carbon nitride nanosheet composite and an application thereof in exhaust gas treatment. The preparation method of the composite comprises the following steps: with urea as a precursor, carrying out twice calcination to obtain carbon nitride nanosheet; dispersing the carbon nitride nanosheet into methanol, sequentially adding cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole, and carrying out a reaction to obtain a carbon nitride nanosheet composite; and calcining the carbon nitride nanosheet composite in an air atmosphere at a low temperature to obtain the tricobalt tetraoxide dodecahedron/carbon nitride nanosheet composite. The in-situ growth synthesis method can ensure that the tricobalt tetraoxide obtained by follow-up calcination is uniformly coated on the carbon nitride nanosheet to improve the catalytic performance; the low temperature calcination ensures that the carbon nitride can maintain its wrinkle state and chemical structure during the calcination process. 1. A method for preparing a visible light responsive tricobalt tetraoxide dodecahedron/carbon nitride nanosheet composite , comprising the following steps:(1) with urea as a precursor, carrying out twice calcination to obtain carbon nitride nanosheet;(2) dispersing the carbon nitride nanosheet into methanol, sequentially adding cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole, and carrying out a reaction to obtain a carbon nitride nanosheet composite;(3) calcining the carbon nitride nanosheet composite in an air atmosphere at a low temperature to obtain the tricobalt tetraoxide dodecahedron/carbon nitride nanosheet composite.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in the step (1) claim 1 , the first calcination is carried out in air claim 1 , the heating rate during calcination is 2.5° C./min claim 1 , the calcination time is 4 hours claim 1 , and the calcination temperature is 550° C.; the second calcination is ...

TEMPLATE-FREE TUNED LIGHT DRIVEN PHOTOCATALYST AND METHOD

Described herein are methods of making the visible light photocatalysts without the use of templates that can comprise: (1) mixing a metal precursor, an alcohol, and a solvent to form a self assembled shapes at a temperature between the freezing point of the solvent and the boiling point of the solvent, (2) strengthening the shapes at a temperature of about 35° C. to about 300° C. for about 30 minutes to about 96 hours, and then (3) annealing the shapes at a temperature of between about 450° C. to about 750° C. for between about 4 hours to about 16 hours in a gaseous atmosphere. Also described are photocatalysts created by the described methods. 1. A method of making a tuned , light-activated photocatalyst without the use of templates comprising: (1) mixing a metal precursor , an alcohol , and a solvent to form self-assembled shapes at a temperature between the freezing point of the solvent and the boiling point of the solvent , (2) strengthening the shapes at a temperature of about 35° C. to about 300° C. for about 30 minutes to about 96 hours , and then (3) annealing the shapes at a temperature of between about 450° C. to about 750° C. for between about 4 hours to about 16 hours in a gaseous atmosphere.2. The method of claim 1 , where step of mixing a metal precursor comprises mixing a metal salt claim 1 , a metal alkoxide claim 1 , a metal halide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , where the step of mixing a metal precursor comprises mixing a metal alkoxide.4. The method of claim 3 , where the step of mixing a metal alkoxide comprises mixing tantalum alkoxide.5. The method of claim 1 , where the step of mixing an alcohol comprises mixing in methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , n-propanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , sec-butanol claim 1 , iso-butanol claim 1 , or tent-butanol.6. The method of claim 5 , where the step of mixing an alcohol comprises mixing in ethanol.7. The method of claim 1 , where the step of mixing ...

CATALYST FOR PREPARING CHLOROETHYLENE BY CRACKING 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE AND A PREPARATION AND REGENERATION METHOD THEREOF

A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane and a preparation and regeneration method thereof are disclosed in the present application. A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1,2-dichloroethane includes a carrier and a nitrogen-containing carbon as an active component of the catalyst with the nitrogen-containing carbon being loaded on the carrier. The method for preparing the catalyst includes: supporting an organic matter on an inorganic porous carrier and then performing a carbonization-nitridation process by pyrolysis in an atmosphere containing the nitrogen-containing compound. The method for regenerating the catalyst includes: calcinating the catalyst with deactivated carbon deposit in an oxidizing atmosphere to remove all the carbonaceous portions on the surface, and repeating the above preparation process of the catalyst. The catalyst reduces reaction temperature, reduces energy consumption, reduces production cost, and improves selectivity and conversion rate and is inexpensive and reproducible, and has a long service life. 118-. (canceled)19. A catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1 ,2-dichloroethane , the catalyst comprising:a carrier and a nitrogen-containing carbon material as an active component of the catalyst; and the nitrogen-containing carbon material is loaded on the carrier;the carrier is at least one selected from inorganic porous materials;in the nitrogen-containing carbon material, a nitrogen element is doped in the carbon material in a form of covalent bond.20. The catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1 claim 19 ,2-dichloroethane according to claim 19 , wherein the mass percentage of the nitrogen element in the nitrogen-containing carbon material is in a range from 0.1% to 20%.21. The catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by cracking 1 claim 19 ,2-dichloroethane according to claim 19 , wherein the mass percentage of the nitrogen element in the nitrogen-containing carbon material ...

REACTOR FOR NON-OXIDATIVE DIRECT CONVERSION OF METHANE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ETHYLENE AND AROMATIC COMPOUND USING SAME

The present invention relates to a reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane and a method of manufacturing ethylene and an aromatic compound using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane in which a catalytic reaction velocity is maximized, the production of coke is minimized, and a high conversion rate of methane and a high yield of ethylene and an aromatic compound are ensured when ethylene and the aromatic compound are manufactured from methane, and a method of manufacturing ethylene and an aromatic compound using the same. 1. A reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane , the reactor comprising:an introduction unit for introducing a methane-containing feed;a reaction unit for reacting the methane-containing feed introduced through the introduction unit to produce a product containing ethylene and an aromatic compound; anda discharge unit for discharging the product containing the ethylene and the aromatic compound produced in the reaction unit,wherein the reaction unit includes a first reaction region unit, for reacting the methane-containing feed introduced through the introduction unit to produce acetylene, and a second reaction region unit, for hydrogenating the acetylene produced in the first reaction region unit to produce the ethylene and the aromatic compound, and the second reaction region unit is provided with a hydrogen supply tube which is coaxially disposed in the reactor and which is hollow so that hydrogen is supplied from the discharge unit to the introduction unit through the hollow hydrogen supply tube.2. The reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane of claim 1 , wherein the reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane includes a second reaction catalyst in a reactor inner circumferential surface or in the hydrogen supply tube of the second reaction region unit.3. The reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane ...

NOVEL IN-NH2/G-C3N4 NANOCOMPOSITE WITH VISIBLE-LIGHT PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND PREPARATION AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention provides an In—NH/g-CNnanocomposites with visible-light photocatalytic activity and application thereof, which can effectively remove organic pollutants (such as tetracycline) in water. First, the graphite phase carbonitride carbon (g-CN) was obtained by thermal condensation, and g-CNnanosheet was prepared by thermal oxidative etching. Then, acicular MIL-68(In)—NH(In—NH) was grown in situ on the surface of g-CNnanosheet by solvothermal method. The In—NH/g-CNnanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity were obtained. The CNNS firstly was prepared in the present invention, which is beneficial to the needle-like In—NHgrowing on the surface of CNNS and having close interfacial contact with each other, forming a heterojunction, promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes pairs, and enhancing visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The nanocomposites show high structural stability and reusability, which has great potential in the field of water remediation.

CARBON NITRIDE MEMBRANE COMPOSITE MATERIAL MODIFIED BY BLACK PHOSPHORUS/ METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORK, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF AND APPLICATION IN WASTE GAS TREATMENT

A carbon nitride membrane composite material modified by black phosphorus/metal organic framework (MOF) and a preparation method and application thereof to waste gas treatment are disclosed. First, taking urea as a raw material to calcine at a high temperature and prepare porous carbon nitride nanosheet; then carrying out surface carboxylation on the porous carbon nitride nanosheet, and modifying metal organic framework (MOF) on the surface of the porous carbon nitride through a layer-by-layer self-assembling method; stripping block black phosphorus materials into a two-dimensional black phosphorus slice by solvent exfoliation method; mixing the MOF-modified porous carbon nitride material with the two-dimensional black phosphorus material, carrying out suction filtration on the mixture under a vacuum pump to obtain the black phosphorus/MOF-modified carbon nitride membrane composite material. 1. A preparation method of a carbon nitride membrane composite material modified by black phosphorus/metal organic framework , characterized in comprising the following steps:(1) using urea as a raw material, calcining to prepare porous carbon nitride nanosheet;(2) carrying out carboxylation on the porous carbon nitride nanosheet, and modifying metal organic framework on it to obtain porous carbon nitride material modified by metal organic framework;(3) stripping block black phosphorus into a two-dimensional black phosphorus slice by solvent exfoliation method;(4) dispersing the porous carbon nitride material modified by metal organic framework and the two-dimensional black phosphorus slice in an organic solvent, stirring at room temperature and suction filtrating to obtain the carbon nitride membrane composite material modified by black phosphorus/metal organic framework.2. (canceled)3. A preparation method of a porous carbon nitride material modified by metal organic framework , characterized in comprising the following steps:(1) using urea as a raw material, calcining to ...

OXYGEN REDUCTION CATALYST

An object of the invention is to provide an oxygen reduction catalyst composed of a titanium oxynitride having high oxygen reduction capacity. The oxygen reduction catalyst of the invention is a titanium oxynitride that has a nitrogen element content of 8.0 to 15 mass %, has a crystal structure of anatase titanium dioxide in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement, and has a signal intensity ratio N—Ti—N/O—Ti—N in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of in the range of 0.35 to 0.70. 1. An oxygen reduction catalyst being a titanium oxynitride that has a nitrogen element content of 8.0 to 15 mass % , has a crystal structure of anatase titanium dioxide in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement , and has a signal intensity ratio N—Ti—N/O—Ti—N in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of in the range of 0.35 to 0.70.2. The oxygen reduction catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein each of |a1−a0| claim 1 , |b1−b0| claim 1 , and |c1−c0| is 0.005 A or less claim 1 , when a1 claim 1 , b1 claim 1 , and c1 represent lattice constants a claim 1 , b claim 1 , and c claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of the crystal structure of the titanium oxynitride claim 1 , and a0 claim 1 , b0 claim 1 , and c0 represent lattice constants a claim 1 , b claim 1 , and c claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of the crystal structure of anatase titanium dioxide consisting solely of titanium and oxygen.3. An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell claim 1 , composed of the oxygen reduction catalyst according to .4. A fuel cell electrode comprising a catalyst layer comprising the electrode catalyst for a fuel cell according to .5. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode claim 4 , an anode claim 4 , and a polymer electrolyte membrane placed between the cathode and the anode claim 4 , wherein at least either of the cathode and the anode is the fuel cell electrode according to .6. A fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly according to . The present invention relates to an ...

Process for preparing a supported catalytic material, and supported catalytic material

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a supported catalytic material, wherein the said process comprises a step of heating a precursor of support material which has been impregnated with a mixture of chemical precursors, wherein the said mixture includes a nitrogen-containing reducing reagent as a precursor and a transition-metal-containing compound as a precursor.

OXYGEN REDUCTION CATALYST

An object of the invention is to provide an oxygen reduction catalyst composed of a titanium oxynitride having high oxygen reduction capacity. The oxygen reduction catalyst of the invention is a titanium oxynitride that has a nitrogen element content of 0.1 to 2.0 mass %, has a crystal structure of rutile titanium dioxide in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement, and has a signal intensity ratio N—Ti—N/O—Ti—N in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of in the range of 0.01 to 0.50. Further, the oxygen reduction catalyst of the invention is a titanium oxynitride that includes titanium oxide particles, has a crystal structure of rutile titanium dioxide, and has an amorphous layer in a surface layer of the titanium oxide particles. 1. An oxygen reduction catalyst being a titanium oxynitride that has a nitrogen element content of 0.1 to 2.0 mass % , has a crystal structure of rutile titanium dioxide in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement , and has a signal intensity ratio N—Ti—N/O—Ti—N in an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of in the range of 0.01 to 0.50.2. The oxygen reduction catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein each of |a1-a0| claim 1 , |b1-b0| claim 1 , and |c1-c0| is 0.005 Å or less claim 1 , when a1 claim 1 , b1 claim 1 , and c1 represent lattice constants a claim 1 , b claim 1 , and c claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of the titanium oxynitride claim 1 , and a0 claim 1 , b0 claim 1 , and c0 represent lattice constants a claim 1 , b claim 1 , and c claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of rutile titanium dioxide consisting solely of titanium and oxygen.3. An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell claim 1 , composed of the oxygen reduction catalyst according to .4. A fuel cell electrode comprising a catalyst layer comprising the electrode catalyst for a fuel cell according to .5. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode claim 4 , an anode claim 4 , and a polymer electrolyte membrane placed between the cathode and the anode claim 4 , ...