MAGNETIC MEMORY WITH SEPARATE READ AND WRITE PATHS

Magnetic memory having separate read and write paths is disclosed. The magnetic memory unit includes a ferromagnetic strip having a first end portion with a first magnetization orientation, an opposing second end portion with a second magnetization orientation, and a middle portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the middle portion having a free magnetization orientation. The first magnetization orientation opposes the second magnetization orientation. A tunneling barrier separates a magnetic reference layer from the middle portion forming a magnetic tunnel junction. A bit line is electrically coupled to the second end portion. A source line is electrically coupled to the first end portion and a read line is electrically coupled to the magnetic tunnel junction.

OVERLAP PROTECTIVE SHUTTER DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

A protective shutter device for exposing and preventing access to electrical contacts of a switchgear. The device includes a linkage assembly coupled to the housing, the linkage assembly including a first and a second drive ann. A guide assembly is coupled to the housing, and includes a first end, a second end, and a body connecting the ends. The device further includes a first shutter coupled to the first drive arm and the body of the guide assembly. The first shutter selectively moves along the body. A second shutter is coupled to the second drive arm and the guide assembly body, the second shutter including a lower and an upper plate. The lower plate is coupled to the tipper plate, wherein the plates selectively move along the body to a first position to expose the electrical contacts, and to a second position to prevent access to the electrical contacts. 1. A protective device for exposing and preventing access to electrical contacts within a switchgear housing , the device comprising:a linkage assembly coupled to the housing, said linkage assembly comprising a first drive arm and a second drive arm;a guide assembly coupled to the housing, said guide assembly comprising a first end, a second end and a guide body connecting said first end and said second end;a first shutter coupled to said first drive arm of said linkage assembly and coupled to said guide body of said guide assembly, said first shutter is configured to selectively move along said guide body; anda second shutter coupled to said second drive arm of said linkage assembly and coupled to said guide body of said guide assembly, said second shutter comprising a lower plate and an upper plate, said lower plate coupled to said upper plate, said lower plate and said upper plate are configured to selectively move along said guide body to a first position which is configured to expose the electrical contacts and to a second position which is configured to prevent access to the electrical contacts.2. The ...

DEVICE HAVING INTEGRATED INTERFACE SYSTEM

A portable computer includes a display portion comprising a display, a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion and including a glass top case. The glass top case defines an exterior surface and a keyboard opening through the glass top case from the exterior surface to an interior surface. The portable computer further includes a keyboard positioned at least partially within the keyboard opening and comprising a substrate, a key configured to move relative to the substrate, and a fabric cover disposed over the key and defining a user interface surface of the key.

CONNECTOR ASSEMBLY

A cable assembly includes a first cable and a second cable that is arranged co-axial to the first cable. Proximal ends of the first and second cables are provided with a connector assembly. The connector assembly from each proximal end is adapted to connect with one another, or a pair of receptacle ports located within a PCB, the PCB being disposed alongside the co-axially arranged first and second cables.

BiSb topological insulator with novel buffer layer that promotes a BiSb (012) orientation

A spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device includes a substrate, a buffer layer formed over the substrate, and a bismuth antimony (BiSb) layer formed over the buffer layer, the BiSb layer having a (012) orientation. In certain embodiments, the SOT MTJ device is part of a microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) write head. In certain embodiments, the SOT MTJ device is part of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device.

Perpendicular spin transfer torque (STT) memory cell with double MgO interface and CoFeB layer for enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

A perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA) spin transfer torque (STT) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ or TMR) forming a Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device. The STT-MTJ device has a CoFeB alloy free layer 104 located between the Magnesium Oxide MgO tunnel barrier layer 106 and a further upper MgO capping layer 130, and a CoFeB (Cobalt Iron Boron) alloy enhancement layer 140 between the MgO capping layer and a non-magnetic Tantalum (Ta) cap 150. The STT-MTJ device further comprises a ferromagnetic reference layer 102 (preferably comprising CoFeB), and an insulating tunnel oxide barrier layer 106 between the reference and free layers. The reference 102 and fixed free layers 104 have a fixed or programmable (switchable) perpendicular magnetization anisotropy PMA (respectively). The CoFeB alloy free layer has high Iron, Fe content (>25% atomic concentration) to induce perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at the interfaces with the MgO layers. To avoid creating unnecessary ...

SIMPLIFIED CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HOUSINGS

Structures, methods, and apparatus that provide connector receptacles that have a reduced tendency to scratch and otherwise mar connector inserts, have an aesthetically-pleasing appearance, and have an improved tactile response when inserts are inserted. Various examples reduce scratches and wear by utilizing domes, cylinders, balls, or other structures as finger contacts in a connector receptacle. Another example provides aesthetically-pleasing connector receptacle enclosures by forming receptacle enclosures using the same type of material, or material having the same or similar color or texture, as is used for enclosing the electronic device that includes the receptacle. Another example provides an aesthetically-pleasing receptacle enclosure by forming receptacle enclosures that are, in part or in whole, contiguous or formed with the housing. Another embodiment provides a connector receptacle having a housing where a portion of the housing has been removed to save space.

Ground contacts for reduced-length connector inserts

Connector inserts having a high signal integrity and low insertion loss by shielding signal contacts. One example may provide one or more ground contacts between a front opening and signal pins of a connector insert. These ground contacts may have sufficient lever arm to provide a good contact to a corresponding contact in a connector receptacle. To avoid excessive length in the connector insert, embodiments of the present invention may stack a portion of the ground contact above the signal contacts in the connector insert. To reduce excessive capacitance that would otherwise reduce signal impedance, one or more openings may be formed in the ground contacts. To prevent signal contacts from shorting to a shield through this opening, the opening may be covered by tape. The ground contacts may be positioned to avoid encountering power contacts in the receptacle when the insert is inserted into the receptacle.

COMPUTER HOUSING

A multipart computer housing is described. The multipart computer housing includes at least a structural support layer and a body. The body includes at least an outer layer formed of lightweight flexible material and an inner layer attached to the outer layer. The inner layer is connected to the support layer forming a load path between the inner layer and the structural support layer. A load applied to the multipart computer housing is transferred by way of the load path to the support layer without substantially affecting the outer layer.

INTERPOSERS FOR CONNECTING RECEPTACLE TONGUES TO PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Connecting structures to mechanically connect to a connector receptacle tongue and a printed circuit board and to electrically connect contacts on the connector receptacle tongue to traces on the printed circuit board. One example may provide an interposer having a housing and a plurality of contacts. The contacts may have a side or tongue connecting portion extending beyond a side of the housing and a bottom or board contacting portion extending beyond a bottom of the housing. The contacts may form a ninety-degree bend. A shield may at least substantially surround a top and the other three sides of the housing.

Protective structures for connector contacts

Connector receptacles having protective structures for connector contacts. One example may provide a connector receptacle having one or more contacts that are reinforced with a protective piece around a portion of the contact. Another example may provide a connector receptacle having two or more contacts reinforced with adjacent protective pieces to provide additional protective reinforcement. Another example may provide a connector receptacle having two or more contacts reinforced with interlocking protective pieces. These protective pieces may protect contacts in a connector receptacle from damage when a device, module, or connector insert is inserted into the connector receptacle at an oblique angle, when a device, module, or insert is stressed while in the receptacle, or when a device, module, or insert is removed from the receptacle at an oblique angle.

Interlayer coupling field control in tunneling magnetoresistive read heads

The embodiments generally relate to a read head in a magnetic recording head. The read head utilizes a sensor structure having a pinned magnetic structure with a magnetic field, a barrier layer disposed on top of the pinned magnetic structure, a free layer disposed on top of the barrier layer, and an interlayer coupling field canceling layer disposed on top of the free layer. The interlayer coupling field canceling layer has a cancelling magnetic field pinned anti-parallel the magnetic field of the pinned magnetic structure.

Electronic device

METAL DOME SWITCH

A key mechanism is disclosed. The key mechanism comprises a keycap, a dome support structure positioned relative to the keycap and defining an opening, an actuation mechanism coupled to the keycap, and a collapsible dome positioned in the opening of the dome support structure. The actuation mechanism is configured to movably support the keycap relative to the dome support structure. The dome comprises an upstop member configured to limit upward travel of the collapsible dome.

PORTABLE COMPUTING SYSTEM

A portable electronic device having several features is disclosed. The device can include a retention member that retains flexible circuits extending from a top portion to a bottom portion of the device, thereby allowing some components to be moved from a top portion of the device to a bottom portion. The device may include a cover plate can be secured with a display in the top portion to cover the retention member and other internal components. The device can include an omni-directional port designed to receive a connector different orientations and provide power to the device. The device can include a flexible keyboard having butterfly keycaps. The device can include an array of openings for an audio driver, with some of the array including through holes and blind holes. The device can also include a touch pad having a force feedback sensor and a haptic device.

MAGNETIC STACK HAVING ASSIST LAYER

A magnetic tunnel junction having a ferromagnetic free layer and a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, each having an out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and an out-of-plane magnetization orientation, the ferromagnetic free layer switchable by spin torque. The magnetic tunnel junction includes a ferromagnetic assist layer proximate the free layer, the assist layer having a low magnetic anisotropy less than 700 Oe and positioned to apply a magnetic field on the free layer.

EDGE MOUNT CONNECTOR

Connector receptacles that have a reduced height when combined with a printed circuit board and reduce wasted space inside an electronic device. One example provides a connector receptacle having contacts that may connect to edge contacts along an edge of a printed circuit board. This edge may be formed along a side of printed circuit board, by a hole or opening in a printed circuit board, or by a notch in a printed circuit board. Edge contacts may have straight surfaces, rounded surfaces, or they may have other types of surfaces. Connector receptacle contacts may have a “U,” fishhook, or other shape. 1. A connector receptacle assembly comprising:a printed circuit board having a plurality of edge contacts along a first edge; anda connector receptacle having a plurality of signal contacts, each soldered to a corresponding one of the plurality of edge contacts.2. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the edge contacts have a flat surface.3. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the edge contacts have a rounded surface.4. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the edge contacts have a concave surface.5. The connector receptacle assembly of further comprising a via near at least one of the edge contacts claim 1 , wherein the via and the at least one edge contact are connected by a trace on at least one layer of the printed circuit board.6. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein at least one of the signal contacts has a “U” shape.7. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein at least one of the signal contacts has a dimpled surface facing a corresponding edge contact.8. A method of attaching a connector receptacle to a printed circuit board claim 1 , the method comprising:providing a printed circuit board having a plurality of edge contacts along edges of an opening in the printed circuit board;providing a connector receptacle having a housing and a plurality of contacts;inserting the connector receptacle into the opening in the printed ...

EDGE CONNECTOR HAVING A HIGH-DENSITY OF CONTACTS

High-speed connectors having a high density of contacts may be provided. One example may provide a connector having a housing with a slot forming an opening in a top side. The slot and opening may be arranged to receive a card. This connector may provide a high density of contacts by arranging the contacts in multiple rows in the slot. Various contacts may include barbs to be inserted into the housing. The barbs may be angled and may have one or more teeth to help anchor the contacts in place. A conductive or nonconductive shield or shell may be placed over the housing. When a conductive shield is used, metal pins may be inserted into the housing for mechanical stability and secured to the shield, and various contacts may have contacting portions in contact with the shield to improve signal integrity. 1. A connector comprising:a housing having a slot, the slot forming an opening in a top surface;a first row of contacts having contacting portions in a first side of the slot;a second row of contacts having contacting portions in the first side of the slot between the first row of contacts and the opening;a third row of contacts having contacting portions in a second side of the slot; anda fourth row of contacts having contacting portions in the second side of the slot between the third row of contacts and the opening.2. The connector of wherein each of the contacts further comprises a contacting portion emerging from a bottom of the housing.3. The connector of wherein the contacting portions for each contact in the second row of contacts and the fourth row of contacts are each surface-mount contacts and the contacting portions of each contact in the first row of contacts and the third row of contacts are through-hole contacts.4. The connector of further comprising ground tabs in the housing and substantially beneath the slot.5. The connector of wherein each of the ground tabs comprises a contacting portion emerging from a bottom of the housing.6. The connector of ...

Illumination systems within fabric-based devices

An item such as a fabric-based item may have a layer of fabric with openings that are illuminated by a light source. The openings may form symbols or other shapes and may serve as labels for keyboard keys or other components. The fabric may be formed from transparent strands of material that are coated with opaque material or may be formed from opaque strands of material in which openings are formed by laser drilling. The openings may be covered with a transparent coating layer such as a translucent polymer coating. Translucent material on the fabric may be patterned to form parts of the labels or other shapes created by the illuminated openings.

MAGNETIC STACK HAVING REDUCED SWITCHING CURRENT

A magnetic stack having a ferromagnetic free layer, a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, a non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the reference layer, and a variable layer proximate the free layer. The variable layer is antiferromagnetic at a first temperature and paramagnetic at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. During a writing process, the variable layer is paramagnetic. For magnetic memory cells, such as magnetic tunnel junction cells, the variable layer provides reduced switching currents.

DEVICE HAVING INTEGRATED INTERFACE SYSTEM

A portable computer includes a display portion comprising a display and a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion. The base portion may include a bottom case and a top case, formed from a dielectric material, coupled to the bottom case. The top case may include a top member defining a top surface of the base portion and a sidewall integrally formed with the top member and defining a side surface of the base portion. The portable computer may also include a sensing system including a first sensing system configured to determine a location of a touch input applied to the top surface of the base portion and a second sensing system configured to determine a force of the touch input.

Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) read head with reduced gap thickness

A tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) read head 200 has a read gap with a reduced thickness. A multilayer seed layer 225 includes a first ferromagnetic seed layer 225a on a lower shield S1, a ferromagnetic NiFe 225b alloy on the first seed layer, and may have a third seed layer 225c of Ru or Pt on the NiFe seed layer. The first and NiFe seed layers are magnetically part of the lower shield, thereby effectively reducing the read gap thickness. A free layer/capping layer structure includes a multilayer ferromagnetic free layer 210 and an Hf capping layer 212a on the free layer. The free layer includes a CoB or CoFeB upper layer 210b in contact with the Hf capping layer prior to annealing and a Fe or CoFe sub layer. When the sensor is annealed Hf can diffuse into the B-containing upper layer, forming an interface layer 210c. The Hf-containing interface layer possesses negative magnetostriction, so the free layer is not required to contain NiFe.

Method of fabricating a spin valve/GMR sensor having a synthetic antiferromagnetic layer pinned by Mn-alloy

A method of fabricating a spin valve sensor includes sequentially depositing, without breaking vacuum, a seed layer and an antiferromagnetic layer. Sequentially depositing the seed layer and the antiferromagnetic layer includes depositing a seed layer on a substrate; depositing a Mn-alloy layer of the antiferromagnetic layer directly on top of the seed layer; and depositing a buffer layer of the antiferromagnetic layer directly on top of the Mn-alloy layer. The seed layer, the Mn-alloy layer and the buffer layer are annealed. After annealing, a portion of the buffer layer is etched and a synthetic antiferromagnetic layer is deposited on top of the buffer layer. A spacer layer is deposited on top of the synthetic antiferromagnetic layer, and a free layer is deposited on top of the spacer layer.

COMPUTER WITH KEYBOARD

A device may include a display portion that includes a display housing and a display at least partially within the display housing. The device may also include a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion and including a bottom case, a top case coupled to the bottom case and defining an array of raised key regions, and a sensing system below the top case and configured to detect an input applied to a raised key region of the array of raised key regions.

Spin torque oscillator device including a high damping field generation layer or a damping enhancing capping layer

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a spin torque oscillator device (STO) including a high damping field generation layer or a damping enhancing capping layer for use in microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) write heads. In one embodiment, a STO device for a MAMR write head includes a spin polarization layer, a spacer layer over the spin polarization layer, and a field generation layer over the spacer layer. The field generation layer has a damping in a range from about 0.5% to about 20%.

Multi-Bit Magnetic Memory with Independently Programmable Free Layer Domains

An apparatus and associated method for a non-volatile memory cell, such as a multi-bit magnetic random access memory cell. In accordance with various embodiments, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) has a ferromagnetic free layer with multiple magnetic domains that are each independently programmable to predetermined magnetizations. Those magnetizations can then be read as different logical states of the MTJ. 1. A memory cell comprising a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with a ferromagnetic free layer having multiple magnetic domains that are each independently programmable to predetermined magnetizations that are read as logical states of the MTJ.2. The memory cell of claim 1 , wherein a first domain is present in a first region of the free layer that is wider than a second region in which a second domain is present.3. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first and second regions hold independent magnetic domains due to shape anisotropy.4. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first region has a first width that transitions to a second width of the second region with a right angle notch.5. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first region has a first width that transitions to a second width of the second region with a continuously curvilinear sidewall.6. The memory cell of claim 1 , wherein the MTJ has a pinned layer and tunnel junction have a width that is the same as a region of the free layer.7. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first region has a magnetic coercivity that is less than the second region.8. The memory cell of claim 1 , wherein different predetermined magnetizations are programmed to the domains with different programming currents.9. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first and second regions are laterally adjacent and each contact a tunnel junction layer.10. The memory cell of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic domains are read as resistances in parallel.11. The memory cell of claim 2 , wherein the first and second regions have ...

MAGNETIC STACK WITH LAMINATED LAYER

A magnetic stack with a multilayer free layer having a switchable magnetization orientation, the free layer comprising a first ferromagnetic portion and a second ferromagnetic portion with an electrically conducting non-magnetic intermediate layer between the first portion and the second portion. The magnetic stack also includes a first ferromagnetic reference layer having a pinned magnetization orientation, a first non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the first reference layer, a second ferromagnetic reference layer having a pinned magnetization orientation, and a second non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the second reference layer.

Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) device with magnesium oxide tunneling barrier layer and free layer having insertion layer

A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) or magnetic tunnel junction MTJ device comprising a thin MgO tunneling barrier layer and a free ferromagnetic multilayer which includes a CoFeB first ferromagnetic layer, a face centered cubic (fcc) NiFe compensation layer with negative magnetostriction, and a body centered cubic (bcc) NiFe insertion layer between the CoFeB layer and the fcc NiFe compensation layer. An optional ferromagnetic nanolayer (e.g CoFe) may be located between the MgO barrier layer and the CoFeB layer. An optional amorphous separation layer of, for example Ta, Zr, Hf, CoHf or CoFeBTa, may be located between the CoFeB layer and the bcc NiFe insertion layer. The bcc NiFe insertion layer (including amorphous separation layer) prevents the fcc NiFe compensation layer from adversely affecting the crystalline formation of the MgO and CoFeB layers during annealing. The bcc NiFe insertion layer also increases the TMR and lowers the Gilbert damping constant of the free ferromagnetic multilayer ...

CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HAVING A TONGUE

Connector systems may include a connector receptacle and connector plug or insert. The connector receptacle may include a tongue. The tongue may be formed using a printed circuit board. Contacts may be plated on top and bottom surfaces of the tongue. Retention features may also be located on top and bottom surfaces of tongue. These retention features may be speed bumps or other features. The connector insert may include a leading edge portion formed of plastic, a conductive shield around the insert behind the leasing edge portion, a plurality of spring contacts attached to an inside of the conductive shield, a top row of contacts; and a bottom row of contacts. Other connector receptacles may include a tongue having side ground contacts. The side ground contacts may engage an inside of a plug shield and have contacting portion to fit in openings in the plug shield.

SPIN TORQUE OSCILLATOR WITH AN ANTIFERROMAGNETICALLY COUPLED ASSIST LAYER AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME

A spin torque oscillator includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a device layer stack located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device layer stack includes a spin polarization layer including a first ferromagnetic material, an assist layer including a third ferromagnetic material, a ferromagnetic oscillation layer including a second ferromagnetic material located between the spin polarization layer and the assist layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer located between the spin polarization layer and the ferromagnetic oscillation, and a nonmagnetic coupling layer located between the ferromagnetic oscillation layer and the assist layer. The assist layer is antiferromagnetically coupled to the ferromagnetic oscillation layer through the non-magnetic coupling layer, and the assist layer has a magnetization that is coupled to a magnetization of the ferromagnetic oscillation layer.

Spin-torque oscillator with multilayer seed layer between the write pole and the free layer in a magnetic recording write head

A magnetic recording write head and system has a spin-torque oscillator (STO) located between the write head's write pole and trailing shield. The STO's ferromagnetic free layer is located near the write pole with a multilayer seed layer between the write pole and the free layer. The STO's nonmagnetic spacer layer is between the free layer and the STO's ferromagnetic polarizer. The polarizer may be the trailing shield of the write head or a separate polarizer layer. The STO electrical circuitry causes electron flow from the write pole to the trailing shield. The multilayer seed layer removes the spin polarization of electrons from the write pole, which enables electrons reflected from the polarizer layer to become spin polarized, which creates the spin transfer torque on the magnetization of the free layer. The multilayer seed layer includes Mn or a Mn-alloy layer between one or more metal or metal alloy films.

TMR/CPP reader for narrow reader gap application

Memory cell with phonon-blocking insulating layer

An apparatus and associated method for a non-volatile memory cell with a phonon-blocking insulating layer. In accordance with various embodiments, a magnetic stack has a tunnel junction, ferromagnetic free layer, pinned layer, and an insulating layer that is constructed of an electrically and thermally insulative material that blocks phonons while allowing electrical transmission through at least one conductive feature.

Durable connector receptacles

Connector receptacles that are able to withstand insertion and other forces, are reliable, and are easy to manufacture. In various examples, the connector receptacle tongue or other portions may be reinforced such that they may withstand the insertion forces exerted through a connector insert.

Keyboard for an electronic device

A keyboard is disclosed. The keyboard includes a keyboard housing and a switch assembly coupled to the keyboard housing. The switch assembly includes a switch body defining an interior volume, a collapsible dome positioned in the interior volume, an actuation member configured to actuate the collapsible dome in response to an actuation of the actuation member, and a cover coupled to the switch body. The cover retains the actuation member to the switch body. The keyboard also includes a flexible material coupled to the keyboard housing and extending over the actuation member.

Tunnel magnetoresistance magnetic sensor with scissor sensor and multi-seed layer configuration

A read head is provided with a scissors sensor. The read head may include a bottom magnetic shield, and a first non-magnetic seed layer, a magnetic seed layer, a second non-magnetic seed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer, a coupling layer, a first free magnetic layer, a spacer layer, and a second free magnetic layer positioned above the bottom magnetic shield, in this order. A pair of magnetic side shield layers may be positioned on respective sides of the second free magnetic layer.

MULTI-BIT STRAM MEMORY CELLS

A multi-bit spin torque magnetic element that has a ferromagnetic pinned layer having a pinned magnetization orientation, a non-magnetic layer, and a ferromagnetic free layer having a magnetization orientation switchable among at least four directions, the at least four directions being defined by a physical shape of the free layer. The magnetic element has at least four distinct resistance states. Magnetic elements with at least eight magnetization directions are also provided.

Data head and method using a single antiferromagnetic material to pin multiple magnetic layers with differing orientation

Methods of fabricating spin valve sensors in accordance with the invention include forming a pinning layer from an antiferromagnetic material and forming a synthetic antiferromagnet adjacent the pinning layer. A free ferromagnetic layer is formed, and exchange tabs are formed adjacent outer portions of the free ferromagnetic layer for biasing the free layer. The exchange tabs are formed from the same antiferromagnetic material as the first pinning layer. Then, the magnetic moments of the synthetic antiferromagnet are set, and the magnetic moment of the free ferromagnetic layer is biased, during a single anneal in the presence of a single magnetic field.

Touch-based input device with haptic feedback

An input device, such as a stylus, can include a piezoelectric device for providing haptic feedback and/or detecting user input. The piezoelectric device can be coupled to an inner surface of a housing of the stylus. The piezoelectric device can provide haptic feedback with a force to the housing when an electric voltage is applied to the piezoelectric device. The haptic feedback can provide information to the user relating operation of the stylus with an external device. The piezoelectric device can also produce an electric voltage when an input force is applied to an outer surface of the housing and transmitted to the piezoelectric device. The electric voltage can be used to detect tactile input from a user.

Anti-islanding protection testing circuit and method based on constant impedance load simulation

The invention aims to provide an anti-islanding protection testing circuit based on constant impedance load simulation; the circuit comprises a constant impedance load simulation unit, a monitoring unit and a measuring unit; the input end of the measuring unit is connected with the output end of a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter; the first output end of the measuring unit is connected with a 0.4kV power distribution network; a bypass switch is connected between the input end of the constant impedance load simulation unit and the first output end in parallel; the first input end of the monitoring unit is connected with the second output end of the measuring unit; the second input end of the monitoring unit is connected with the output end of the constant impedance load simulation unit; the third input end of the monitoring unit is connected with the second output end of the bypass switch. The constant impedance load simulation unit accurately simulates load characteristics of a parallel ...

Singulated keyboard assemblies and methods for assembling a keyboard

Methods for assembling low-profile, singulated keyboards by prefabricating key assemblies onto a chassis strip that is divided into individual key assemblies only after the substrate is affixed to a feature plate of keyboard. For example, a row of key assemblies is fabricated onto a chassis strip. The row corresponds to a partial or complete row of keys of the keyboard. The chassis strip is thereafter affixed to a feature plate in a specific location, thereby aligning each prefabricated key assembly to a precise location on the feature plate. While connected, each prefabricated key assembly is independently affixed to the feature plate. Thereafter, interconnecting portions of the chassis strip between the prefabricated key assemblies are removed, thereby singulating each key assembly.

SINGULATED KEYBOARD ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING A KEYBOARD

Methods for assembling low-profile, singulated keyboards by prefabricating key assemblies onto a chassis strip that is divided into individual key assemblies only after the substrate is affixed to a feature plate of keyboard. For example, a row of key assemblies is fabricated onto a chassis strip. The row corresponds to a partial or complete row of keys of the keyboard. The chassis strip is thereafter affixed to a feature plate in a specific location, thereby aligning each prefabricated key assembly to a precise location on the feature plate. While connected, each prefabricated key assembly is independently affixed to the feature plate. Thereafter, interconnecting portions of the chassis strip between the prefabricated key assemblies are removed, thereby singulating each key assembly. 1. A keyboard assembly , comprising:a feature plate;a key assembly including a switch structure and a keycap, the switch structure being coupled to the keycap and facilitating translation of the keycap in response to a user input, the switch structure defining a central aperture, the switch structure including an upstop and a buckling dome, the upstop being configured to receive a first portion of the buckling dome within the central aperture; anda chassis affixed to the feature plate.2. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , wherein the chassis includes a set of buckling dome retaining features configured to couple a second portion of the buckling dome to the chassis.3. The keyboard assembly of claim 2 , wherein the buckling dome retaining features extend into the central aperture of the switch structure.4. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , wherein the switch structure also includes a film positioned over the central aperture of the switch structure claim 1 , the film being configured to seal the buckling dome within the central aperture of the switch structure.5. The keyboard assembly of claim 4 , wherein the film comprises:a dimple configured to interface a bottom surface of the keycap ...

Chair

SPIN-TRANSFER TORQUE MEMORY SELF-REFERENCE READ AND WRITE ASSIST METHODS

A spin-transfer torque memory apparatus and self-reference read and write assist schemes are described. One method of self-reference reading a spin-transfer torque memory unit includes applying a first read current through a magnetic tunnel junction data cell and forming a first bit line read voltage. A magnetic field is applied through the free magnetic layer the forming a magnetic field modified magnetic tunnel junction data cell. Then a second read current is applied thorough the magnetic field modified magnetic tunnel junction data cell forming a second bit line read voltage and compared with the first bit line read voltage to determine whether the first resistance state of the magnetic tunnel junction data cell was a high resistance state or low resistance state. Methods of applying a destabilizing magnetic field to the MTJ and then writing the desired resistance state are also disclosed.

Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) device with magnesium oxide tunneling barrier layer and free layer having insertion layer

Connector insert assembly

Connector inserts having retention features with good reliability and holding force. These connector inserts may include ground contacts that provide an insertion portion having a reduced length. These connector inserts may be reliable, have an attractive appearance, and be readily manufactured.

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) free layer damping reduction

In one embodiment, a system includes a sensor, the sensor having a free layer, a ferromagnetic spin sink layer spaced from the free layer, the spin sink layer being operative to reduce a spin-induced damping in the free layer during operation of the sensor, and a nonmagnetic spacer layer positioned between the free layer and the spin sink layer, the spacer layer having a long spin-diffusion length.

STRAM with electronically reflective insulative spacer

Spin-transfer torque memory having a specular insulative spacer is disclosed. The spin-transfer torque memory unit includes a free magnetic layer, a reference magnetic layer, an electrically insulating and non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer separating the free magnetic layer from the reference magnetic layer, an electrode layer, and an electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer separating the electrode layer and the free magnetic layer.

TMR READER STRUCTURE AND PROCESS FOR FABRICATION

The present invention generally relates to a TMR reader and a method for its manufacture. The TMR reader discussed herein adds a shield layer to the sensor structure. The shield layer is deposited over the capping layer so that the shield layer and the capping layer collectively protect the free magnetic layer within the sensor structure from damage during further processing. Additionally, the hard bias layer is shaped such that the entire hard bias layer underlies the hard bias capping layer so that a top lead layer is not present. By eliminating the top lead layer and including a shield layer within the sensor structure, the read gap is reduced while still protecting the free magnetic layer during later processing. 1. A TMR reader , comprising:a first shield layer having a first portion and a second portion;a sensor structure disposed over the first portion and having a topmost layer comprising a magnetic material, the sensor structure having sidewalls;an insulating layer disposed over the second portion and the sidewalls;a hard bias layer disposed over the insulating layer;a hard bias capping layer disposed over the hard bias layer; anda second shield layer disposed on the hard bias capping layer and the topmost layer of the sensor structure.2. The TMR reader of claim 1 , wherein the sensor structure further comprises:a pinned magnetic layer disposed over the first shield layer;a barrier layer disposed over the pinned magnetic layer;a free magnetic layer disposed over the barrier layer;a capping layer disposed over the free magnetic layer; anda third shield layer disposed over the capping layer and comprising the magnetic material.3. The TMR reader of claim 2 , wherein the third shield layer is selected from the group consisting of Ni claim 2 , Fe claim 2 , Co claim 2 , NiFe claim 2 , NiFeCo claim 2 , NiCo claim 2 , CoFe and combinations thereof.4. The TMR reader of claim 2 , wherein the top surface of the third shield layer and the top surface of the hard bias ...

AUDIO JACK WITH GROUND DETECT

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that provide an audio receptacle that can detect the presence of an audio jack without using mechanical switches or other such mechanical mechanisms. One example provides an audio receptacle having two contacts that may be electrically connected when an audio jack is inserted. When no audio jack is inserted into the audio receptacle, the two ground contacts may not be connected. When an audio jack is inserted into the audio receptacle, the resulting closed circuit may be detected and used to activate or otherwise turn on one or more audio circuits in or associated with the audio receptacle. Conversely, when no audio jack is inserted, the resulting open circuit may be detected and used to deactivate or otherwise turn off or reduce power in one or more audio circuits in or associated with the audio receptacle. 1. An audio receptacle comprising:a first contact to mate with a contact on an audio jack;a second contact to mate with the contact on the audio jack, the second contact separate from the first contact;a detect circuit for detecting whether the first contact is electrically connected to the second contact; andan audio circuit coupled to the detect circuit.2. The audio receptacle of wherein the first and second contacts are ground contacts.3. The audio receptacle of wherein the first contact and the second contact are electrically connected when an audio jack is inserted into the audio receptacle.4. The audio receptacle of wherein the first and second contacts are ground contacts and the audio receptacle further comprises:a third contact for a left audio channel; anda fourth contact for a right audio channel.5. The audio receptacle of wherein the third contact acts as a part of a retaining clip.6. The audio receptacle of wherein the third contact and a first clip portion act as the retaining clip.7. The audio receptacle of wherein the second contact is coupled to a ground in an electronic device claim 1 , the electronic device ...

Perpendicular spin transfer torque (STT) memory cell with double MgO interface and CoFeB layer for enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

KEYBOARD FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An input mechanism is disclosed. The input mechanism includes a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure, a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure, and a cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure.

Magnetic stack with oxide to reduce switching current

A magnetic stack having a ferromagnetic free layer, a metal oxide layer that is antiferromagnetic at a first temperature and non-magnetic at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, and a non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the reference layer. During a writing process, the metal oxide layer is non-magnetic. For magnetic memory cells, such as magnetic tunnel junction cells, the metal oxide layer provides reduced switching currents.

Magnetic sensing device including a sense enhancing layer

A magnetic sensor includes a sensor stack having a first magnetic portion, a second magnetic portion, and a barrier layer between the first magnetic portion and the second magnetic portion. At least one of the first magnetic portion and the second magnetic portion includes a multilayer structure having a first magnetic layer having a positive magnetostriction adjacent to the barrier layer, a second magnetic layer, and an intermediate layer between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The magnetic sensor has an MR ratio of at least about 80% when the magnetic sensor has a resistance-area (RA) product of about 1.0 ·m2.

Pins for connector alignment

Connector receptacles that may help maintain registration or alignment between a printed circuit board, a connector receptacle, and an opening in a device enclosure. One example may provide a connector receptacle having a housing including a passage. A pin may be placed in the passage such that a first portion extends away from a front of the housing and a rear portion extends away from a rear of the housing. The front portion may be arranged to fit in a cavity or opening in an inside surface of a device enclosure, while the rear portion may be arranged to fit in a cavity or opening in a top surface of a printed circuit board.

CONNECTOR SYSTEM IMPEDANCE MATCHING

Connector inserts and receptacles that provide signal paths having desired impedance characteristics. One example may provide a connector system having a connector insert and a connector receptacle. Contacts in the connector insert may form signal paths with corresponding contacts in the connector receptacle. Additional traces in the connector insert and receptacle may be part of these signal paths. The signal paths may have a target or a desired impedance along their lengths such that the power paths electrically appear as transmission lines. Constraints on physical dimensions of the connector insert and connector receptacle contacts may result in variations in impedance along the signal paths. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may provide structures to reduce these variations, to compensate for these variations, or a combination thereof.

Spin valve sensors with an oxide layer utilizing electron specular scattering effect

The present invention comprises a magnetoresistive sensor including a cap layer, a free layer, a spacer layer, a pinned layer, an oxide layer, a pinning layer, a seed layer, and a substrate layer. The sensor consists of the cap layer adjacent the free layer. The free layer is adjacent to the spacer layer. The spacer layer is adjacent to the pinned layer. The pinned layer is adjacent to the oxide layer. The oxide layer is adjacent to the pinning layer. The pinning layer is adjacent to the seed layer and the seed layer is adjacent to the substrate. The present invention also comprises a method of manufacturing the magnetoresistive sensor including forming a layered structure. An electron specular scattering effect occurs at the oxide interface to achieve enhanced GMR responses while maintaining thermostability.

Giant magnetoresistive sensor with pinning layer

A giant magnetoresistive stack (10) for use in a magnetic read head includes a NiFeCr seed layer (12), a ferromagnetic free layer (14), a nonmagnetic spacer layer (16), a ferromagnetic pinned layer (18), and a PtMnX pinning layer (20), where X is either Cr or Pd. The ferromagnetic free layer (14) has a rotatable magnetic moment and is positioned adjacent to the NiFeCr seed layer (12). The ferromagnetic pinned layer (18) has a fixed magnetic moment and is positioned adjacent to the PtMnX pinning layer (20). The nonmagnetic spacer layer (16) is positioned between the free layer (14) and the pinned layer (18).

Look-up table digital predistortion technique for high-voltage power amplifiers in ultrasonic applications

The present invention includes a digital controller for use with an ultrasound power amplifier circuit to increase linearity and efficiency of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit. The digital controller includes a digital signal generator and a memory unit that is coupled to the digital signal generator. The memory unit includes a processor that obtains an output signal from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit, calculates error by obtaining a difference between an ideal output signal and the output signal that is obtained from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit, and equalizes an input signal from the digital signal generator to reduce nonlinearity in the output signal of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit. The memory unit includes a look-up-table for storing values of error.

Connector retention features

Connector systems that may include improved locking and retention features. One example includes a connector plug having an opening to accept an end of a wide portion of a connector receptacle tongue. Another connector plug may include top and bottom rails for holding a wide portion of a connector receptacle tongue. The locking and retention features may provide a large locking force. Further examples may accordingly provide unlocking features.

Device having integrated interface system

A portable computer includes a display portion comprising a display, a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion and including a glass top case. The glass top case defines an exterior surface and a keyboard opening through the glass top case from the exterior surface to an interior surface. The portable computer further includes a keyboard positioned at least partially within the keyboard opening and comprising a substrate, a key configured to move relative to the substrate, and a fabric cover disposed over the key and defining a user interface surface of the key.

USB3 CONNECTOR

Connector receptacles that are simple to assemble, provide a good ground contact path, avoid marring of both inserts and receptacles, and can be arranged to fit in a device enclosure. These receptacles may include a subassembly that is inserted into a hollow tongue. The subassembly may include a first number of contacts that are insert molded in a housing, as well as a second number of contacts. The tongue may further include ground contacts on its sides and top. The tongue may cover edges of at least some contacts to prevent marring of both the connector receptacle and connector insert. The shell of the connector receptacle may be formed around a portion of the connector receptacle to assist in fitting the receptacle in a device enclosure. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a connector receptacle housing, the connector receptacle housing having a tongue, the tongue being substantially hollow; a first plurality of contacts;', 'an insert molded housing around at least a portion of the first plurality of contacts; and', 'a second plurality of contacts attached to the housing;, 'a subassembly located in the hollow tongue, the subassembly comprisinga first ground contact aligned with a first side opening on a first side of the tongue; anda second ground contact aligned with a second side opening on a second side of the tongue.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the tongue comprises a first plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the first plurality of contacts and a second plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the second plurality of contacts.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are between the second plurality of openings and a front of the tongue.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are arranged such that edges of the first plurality of contacts are not exposed.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of ...

AUDIO JACK HAVING DUAL MECHANICAL DETECTION SWITCHES

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide for reliable detection of electrical and optical audio plugs. One example may detect an optical audio plug by employing one or more mechanical detect switches. These switches may include a first contacting portion and a second contacting portion that are separated from each other when an audio plug is inserted into the audio jack. The second contacting portion may include one or more arms to contact a surface portion of the first contacting portion. The first contacting portion and the second contacting portion may be biased such that they tend to stay in contact with each other as the first contacting portion begins to be deflected by the insertion of an audio plug, thereby wiping dust or debris from between the first contacting portion and the second contacting portion. 1. An audio jack comprising:a housing having a passage, the passage forming a front opening in the housing;a first contact on a first side of the passage near the front opening;a second contact on the first side of the passage behind the first contact;a third contact on a second side of the passage across from the second contact;a first detect switch on the first side of the passage behind the second contact; the first detect switch comprising a first contacting portion biased against a second contacting portion, the second contacting portion including a first arm and a second arm to contact the first contacting portion; anda second detect switch on the second side of the passage behind the third contact.2. The audio jack of further comprising a fourth contact between the third contact and the second detect switch.3. The audio jack of further comprising a fourth contact between the second contact and the first detect switch.4. The audio jack of wherein the second detect switch comprises a first contacting portion biased against a second contacting portion claim 1 , the second contacting portion including a first arm and a second arm to contact the ...

Computer with keyboard

A device may include a display portion that includes a display housing and a display at least partially within the display housing. The device may also include a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion and including a bottom case, a top case coupled to the bottom case and defining an array of raised key regions, and a sensing system below the top case and configured to detect an input applied to a raised key region of the array of raised key regions.

MAGNETIC STACK WITH OXIDE TO REDUCE SWITCHING CURRENT

A magnetic stack having a ferromagnetic free layer, a metal oxide layer that is antiferromagnetic at a first temperature and non-magnetic at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, and a non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the reference layer. During a writing process, the metal oxide layer is non-magnetic. For magnetic memory cells, such as magnetic tunnel junction cells, the metal oxide layer provides reduced switching currents. 1. A method of forming a magnetic stack , the method comprising:forming a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, a ferromagnetic free layer, and a non-magnetic spacer therebetween; andforming a metal oxide layer on the free layer, the metal oxide layer being antiferromagnetic at a first temperature and non-magnetic at a second temperature, the second temperature being greater than the first temperature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a metal oxide layer comprises oxidizing a portion of the ferromagnetic free layer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the thickness of the metal oxide layer can be controlled by the level of oxygen present during oxidation of the free layer claim 2 , the temperature during oxidation of the free layer claim 2 , the duration of the oxidation of the free layer claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein oxidizing comprises oxidizing in an oxygen rich environment and further comprising heating the free layer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the free layer is oxidized with plasma oxidation.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the plasma oxidation is oxygen (O) plasma oxidation.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the thickness of the metal oxide layer can be controlled by the Opressure claim 6 , the temperature during plasma oxidation claim 6 , the plasma power claim 6 , or combinations thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a metal oxide layer comprises depositing via reactive sputtering the metal ...

Connector receptacle having good signal integrity

Connector receptacles that have good signal integrity, are reduced in size, are reliable and durable, and are easy to assemble. One example may provide a connector receptacle having several ground connections to improve signal integrity and quality.

LOW-TRAVEL ILLUMINATED KEY MECHANISM

Embodiments are directed to a low profile key for a keyboard having an overmolded support structure. In one aspect, an embodiment includes a key cap having an illuminable symbol. A support structure having a pair of overmolded wings may pivotally couple to the key cap. A switch housing may surround the support structure and connect each of the first and second wings. A tactile dome may be at least partially positioned within the switch housing and configured to bias the key cap upward. A sensing membrane may be positioned along an underside surface of the tactile dome and configured to trigger a switch event in response to a collapsing of the tactile dome caused by a depression of the key cap. A feature plate may be positioned below the sensing membrane. A light guide panel may define at least one light extraction feature that may be configured to propagate light toward the key cap and cause illumination of the illuminable symbol.

Energy storage configuration method for output fluctuation of smooth grid-connected wind-solar power generation system

The invention provides an energy storage configuration method for output fluctuations of a smooth grid-connected wind-solar power generation system. The method includes the steps of firstly, obtaining power data P(n) output by the grid-connected wind-solar power generation system, and judging whether the maximum power fluctuation quantity of the power data P(n) and the maximum power fluctuation ratio of the power data P(n) meet the restraint condition of the grid-connected fluctuations of the grid-connected wind-solar power generation system or not; secondly, obtaining the frequency range [omega L, omega H] of the power data P(n) after the discrete fourier transformation is conducted on the power data P(n), and determining the compensation frequency omega c through the frequency testing method and the low-pass filtering; thirdly, determining an energy storage capacity EN and an energy storage initial charge state SOC0. Compared with the prior art, the energy storage configuration method ...

Connector receptacle having a tongue

Connector systems may include a connector receptacle and connector plug or insert. The connector receptacle may include a tongue. The tongue may be formed using a printed circuit board. Contacts may be plated on top and bottom surfaces of the tongue. Retention features may also be located on top and bottom surfaces of tongue. These retention features may be speed bumps or other features. The connector insert may include a leading edge portion formed of plastic, a conductive shield around the insert behind the leasing edge portion, a plurality of spring contacts attached to an inside of the conductive shield, a top row of contacts; and a bottom row of contacts. Other connector receptacles may include a tongue having side ground contacts. The side ground contacts may engage an inside of a plug shield and have contacting portion to fit in openings in the plug shield.

Magnetic memory with separate read and write paths

Magnetic memory having separate read and write paths is disclosed. The magnetic memory unit includes a ferromagnetic strip having a first end portion with a first magnetization orientation, an opposing second end portion with a second magnetization orientation, and a middle portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the middle portion having a free magnetization orientation. The first magnetization orientation opposes the second magnetization orientation. A tunneling barrier separates a magnetic reference layer from the middle portion forming a magnetic tunnel junction. A bit line is electrically coupled to the second end portion. A source line is electrically coupled to the first end portion and a read line is electrically coupled to the magnetic tunnel junction.

Spin-torque oscillator with multilayer seed layer between the write pole and the free layer in a magnetic recording write head

A magnetic recording write head and system has a spin-torque oscillator (STO) located between the write head's write pole and trailing shield. The STO's ferromagnetic free layer is located near the write pole with a multilayer seed layer between the write pole and the free layer. The STO's nonmagnetic spacer layer is between the free layer and the STO's ferromagnetic polarizer. The polarizer may be the trailing shield of the write head, one or more separate polarizer layers, or combinations thereof. The STO electrical circuitry causes electron flow from the write pole to the trailing shield. The multilayer seed layer removes the spin polarization of electrons from the write pole, which enables electrons reflected from the polarizer layer to become spin polarized, which creates the spin transfer torque on the magnetization of the free layer. The multilayer seed layer includes a Mn or a Mn-alloy layer.

Edge mount connector

Connector receptacles that have a reduced height when combined with a printed circuit board and reduce wasted space inside an electronic device. One example provides a connector receptacle having contacts that may connect to edge contacts along an edge of a printed circuit board. This edge may be formed along a side of printed circuit board, by a hole or opening in a printed circuit board, or by a notch in a printed circuit board. Edge contacts may have straight surfaces, rounded surfaces, or they may have other types of surfaces. Connector receptacle contacts may have a “U,” fishhook, or other shape.

Portable computing system

A portable electronic device having several features is disclosed. The device can include a retention member that retains flexible circuits extending from a top portion to a bottom portion of the device, thereby allowing some components to be moved from a top portion of the device to a bottom portion. The device may include a cover plate can be secured with a display in the top portion to cover the retention member and other internal components. The device can include an omni-directional port designed to receive a connector different orientations and provide power to the device. The device can include a flexible keyboard having butterfly keycaps. The device can include an array of openings for an audio driver, with some of the array including through holes and blind holes. The device can also include a touch pad having a force feedback sensor and a haptic device.

Seed layer for spin torque oscillator in microwave assisted magnetic recording device

Certain embodiments are directed to a spin torque oscillator (STO) device in a microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) device. The magnetic recording head includes a seed layer, a spin polarization layer over the seed layer, a spacer layer over the spin polarization layer, and a field generation layer is over the spacer layer. In one embodiment, the seed layer comprises a tantalum alloy layer. In another embodiment, the seed layer comprises a template layer and a damping reduction layer over the template layer. In yet another embodiment, the seed layer comprises a texture reset layer, a template layer on the texture reset layer, and a damping reduction layer on the template layer.

STRUCTURES FOR RESISTIVE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY CELLS

A resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell that includes a first electrode having a lower portion, a continuous side portion and an upper portion, the lower portion and the continuous side portion having an outer surface and an inner surface; a resistive layer having a lower portion, a continuous side portion and an upper portion, the lower portion and the continuous side portion having an outer surface and an inner surface; and a second electrode having a lower portion, an upper portion and an outer surface; wherein the outer surface of the resistive layer directly contacts the inner surface of the first electrode.

CONNECTOR HAVING SELF-WIPING CONTACTS

Connectors that may be incorporated and used in electronic devices in a reliable manner. One example may provide a connector that may receive a memory card, such as a Secure Digital, SmartMedia, Compact Flash, or other type of memory card. One example may provide a connector that may connect to other electronic circuits and components in an electronic device in a reliable manner. Another may provide a connector that may reliably form a connection for electromagnetic interference protection during device assembly. Another may provide a connector that may be resistant to damage from debris or other particulate matter that may enter the connector. Another example may provide a connector that has a back that is reinforced to prevent damage caused by the insertion of a card with excessive force. Another may provide a connector having a raised portion arranged to fit in an opening in a printed circuit board. 1. A connector comprising:a housing; and a first portion;', 'a second portion connected to the first portion, the second portion surrounded by, and at least approximately adjacent to, a first portion of the housing;', 'a third portion connected to the second portion, and surrounded by a cavity in the housing; and', 'a fourth portion connected to the third portion, the fourth portion surrounded by, and at least approximately adjacent to, a second portion of the housing., 'a contact pin comprising2. The connector of wherein the contact pin is connected to at least one contact of a detect switch.3. The connector of wherein the detect switch is closed when a card is inserted into the connector.4. The connector of wherein the first portion of the contact pin is arranged to be soldered to a board.5. The connector of wherein the housing is plastic.6. The connector of wherein the second portion of the contact pin is between the first portion of the contact pin and the third portion of the contact pin.7. The connector of wherein the third portion of the contact pin is between ...

Computer with Keyboard

A device may include a display portion that includes a display housing and a display at least partially within the display housing. The device may also include a base portion pivotally coupled to the display portion and including a bottom case, a top case coupled to the bottom case and defining an array of raised key regions, and a sensing system below the top case and configured to detect an input applied to a raised key region of the array of raised key regions.

Spintronic device having negative interface spin scattering

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a magnetic recording head of a magnetic media drive. In one example, a magnetic recording head includes a main pole, a trailing shield, and spintronic device disposed between the main pole and the trailing shield. The spintronic device comprises a negative polarization layer (NPL) disposed on the main pole, the NPL comprising FeTi, FeV, FeCr, or FeN, an interface layer disposed on the NPL, the interface layer comprising V, Cr, or Ru, a spacer layer disposed on the interface layer, and a spin torque layer (FGL) disposed on the spacer layer. When current is applied to the spintronic device, the NPL and a first interface disposed between the NPL and the interface layer have a negative spin polarization while the FGL and a second interface disposed between the FGL and the spacer layer have a positive spin polarization.

Keyboard for electronic device

An input mechanism is disclosed. The input mechanism includes a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure, a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure, and a cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure.

Low-travel illuminated key mechanism

Embodiments are directed to a low profile key for a keyboard having an overmolded support structure. In one aspect, an embodiment includes a key cap having an illuminable symbol. A support structure having a pair of overmolded wings may pivotally couple to the key cap. A switch housing may surround the support structure and connect each of the first and second wings. A tactile dome may be at least partially positioned within the switch housing and configured to bias the key cap upward. A sensing membrane may be positioned along an underside surface of the tactile dome and configured to trigger a switch event in response to a collapsing of the tactile dome caused by a depression of the key cap. A feature plate may be positioned below the sensing membrane. A light guide panel may define at least one light extraction feature that may be configured to propagate light toward the key cap and cause illumination of the illuminable symbol.

Keyless keyboard with force sensing and haptic feedback

An input device for an electronic device includes an enclosure and a top member defining an input surface having multiple differentiated input regions. The input device further includes a first force sensing system associated with a first area of the top member and including a first group of the differentiated input regions, and a second force sensing system associated with a second area of the top member and including a second group of the differentiated input regions. The input device further includes a touch sensing system configured to determine which input region from the first group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the first force input and to determine which input region from the second group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the second force input.

Tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) device with magnesium oxide tunneling barrier layer and free layer having insertion layer

A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) device has a thin MgO tunneling barrier layer and a free ferromagnetic multilayer. The free ferromagnetic multilayer includes a CoFeB first ferromagnetic layer, a face-centered-cubic (fcc) NiFe compensation layer with negative magnetostriction, and a body-centered-cubic (bcc) NiFe insertion layer between the CoFeB layer and the fcc NiFe compensation layer. An optional ferromagnetic nanolayer may be located between the MgO barrier layer and the CoFeB layer. An optional amorphous separation layer may be located between the CoFeB layer and the bcc NiFe insertion layer. The bcc NiFe insertion layer (and the optional amorphous separation layer if it is used) prevents the fcc NiFe layer from adversely affecting the crystalline formation of the MgO and CoFeB layers during annealing. The bcc NiFe insertion layer also increases the TMR and lowers the Gilbert damping constant of the free ferromagnetic multilayer.

Robust magnetic connector

Connector inserts and receptacles that are robust, easily manufactured, and provide an improved connector performance. One example may provide a connector receptacle having a power contact located in a ground surface. An insulating layer may be placed between the power contact and the ground surface. The ground surface may be curved or flat, or it may have other shapes. Another example may provide a robust connector insert. This connector insert may include a crimping piece that fits over a cable braiding and is crimped. The crimping piece may then be attached to an attraction plate. A cover or shell may be attached to provide further reinforcement. Another example may provide a connector system having a ground contact and a power contact, where the ground contact is a make-first-break-last contact.

Pencil haptics

According to some embodiments, an accessory device for interacting with an electronic device having a touch sensitive surface, is described. The accessory device can include a housing having walls suitable for carrying a processor capable of providing instructions and an interface unit extending through an opening at a distal end of the housing, where the interface unit is capable of interacting with the touch sensitive surface. The accessory device can further include a sensor in communication with the processor and the interface unit, where the sensor is capable of (i) detecting a stimulus generated by the interaction between the interface unit and the touch sensitive surface, and (ii) responding by providing a feedback parameter to the processor that responds by providing a feedback instruction. The accessory device can further include a feedback component that responds to the feedback instruction by transmitting a feedback force to the walls of the housing.

Apparatus and methods for calibrating radio frequency transmitters to compensate for common mode local oscillator leakage

Apparatus and methods for calibrating radio frequency transmitters to compensate for common mode local oscillator leakage are provided herein. In certain configurations herein, a transmitter generates a radio frequency transmit signal based on mixing a baseband input signal with a local oscillator signal. The transmitter is calibrated to compensate for common mode local oscillator leakage. Thus, a common mode component of the local oscillator signal is reduced or eliminated from the radio frequency transmit signal, which provides a number of benefits, including lower levels of undesired emissions from the transmitter.

Memory Cell With Phonon-Blocking Insulating Layer

An apparatus and associated method for a non-volatile memory cell with a phonon-blocking insulating layer. In accordance with various embodiments, a magnetic stack has a tunnel junction, ferromagnetic free layer, pinned layer, and an insulating layer that is constructed of an electrically and thermally insulative material that blocks phonons while allowing electrical transmission through at least one conductive feature. 1. A magnetic stack comprising a tunnel junction , ferromagnetic free layer , pinned layer , and at least one insulating layer that is constructed of an electrically and thermally insulative material that blocks phonons while allowing electrical transmission through at least one conductive feature.2. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the conductive feature is dimensioned to allow electrical conductivity while blocking phonon transmission.3. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the conductive feature blocks phonons due to the electrical signal wavelength being smaller than a phonon wavelength.4. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the electrical transmission is a programming current.5. The magnetic stack of claim 4 , wherein the programming current has a uniform spin to impart a common spin torque on the free layer.6. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the electrical transmission is a read current and the free layer is programmed with a magnetic field.7. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the conductive feature has a lower magnetic field resistance than the insulating layer.8. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer in NiO.9. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer is a phonon-blocking electron transmitting (PBET) material.10. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the conductive feature is filled with a phonon-blocking electron transmitting (PBET) material.11. The magnetic stack of claim 1 , wherein the conductive feature extends from the pinned layer through the insulating layer.12. ...

REINFORCED KEY ASSEMBLY

Embodiments are directed to a dome switch and methods related to the use thereto. In one aspect, an embodiment includes a key cap. The embodiment may further include a domed structure having upper and lower portions. The domed structure may be configured to deform in response to an input force received at the upper portion by the key cap. The embodiment may further include a collar affixed to the lower portion and extending toward the key cap. The collar may resist deformation of the domed surface.

Magnetic sensor including a free layer having perpendicular to the plane anisotropy

A magnetic sensor includes a reference layer having a first magnetization direction and a free layer assembly having an effective magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the first magnetization direction and substantially perpendicular to a plane of each layer of the free layer assembly. A spacer layer is between the reference layer and the free layer, and a signal enhancement layer is exchange coupled to the free layer assembly on a side opposite the spacer layer.

Keyboard for electronic device

An input mechanism is disclosed. The input mechanism includes a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure, a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure, and a cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure.

TMR READ HEAD WITH SCISSORS SENSOR

A read head is provided with a scissors sensor. The read head may include a bottom magnetic shield, and a first non-magnetic seed layer, a magnetic seed layer, a second non-magnetic seed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer, a coupling layer, a first free magnetic layer, a spacer layer, and a second free magnetic layer positioned above the bottom magnetic shield, in this order. A pair of magnetic side shield layers may be positioned on respective sides of the second free magnetic layer. 1. A read head comprising:a bottom magnetic shield; anda first seed layer, a magnetic seed layer, a second seed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer, a coupling layer, a first free magnetic layer, a spacer layer, and a second free magnetic layer positioned above the bottom magnetic shield, in this order, whereina pair of magnetic side shield layers is positioned on respective sides of the second free magnetic layer.2. The read head of claim 1 , wherein:the first seed layer comprises a Ta or Co-based amorphous alloy, the magnetic seed layer comprises a NiFe alloy, the second seed layer comprises Ru or Ir, the antiferromagnetic layer comprises MnIr alloy, and the coupling layer comprises double layers of CoFe alloy and Co based amorphous alloy, sandwiched layers of CoFe alloy and Ru/CoFe alloy, or sandwiched layers of NiFe alloy and Ru/NiFe alloy.3. The read head of claim 2 , whereinthe Co-based amorphous alloy comprises Co and at least one of the elements chosen from Ta, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ti.4. The read head of claim 2 , whereinthe coupling layer comprises at least a Ru component layer.5. A read head comprising:a bottom magnetic shield; anda first seed layer, a grain growth seed layer, a magnetic seed layer, a second seed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer, a coupling layer, a first free magnetic layer, a spacer layer, and a second free magnetic layer positioned above the bottom magnetic shield, in this order, whereina pair of magnetic side shield layers is positioned on respective sides of ...

CONNECTOR INSERT ASSEMBLY

Connector inserts having retention features with good reliability and holding force. These connector inserts may include ground contacts that provide an insertion portion having a reduced length. These connector inserts may be reliable, have an attractive appearance, and be readily manufactured. 1. A connector insert comprising:a housing having front opening, a first side opening along a right side, a second side opening along a left side, a first plurality of slots along a top side, and a second plurality of slots along a bottom side;a first plurality of contacts in the first plurality of slots in the housing;a second plurality of contacts in the second plurality of slots in the housing;a first retention spring in the first opening in the housing, the first retention spring having a first length and including a contacting portion at a first end to engage a notch on a tongue of a connector receptacle;a second retention spring in the second opening in the housing, the second retention spring having the first length and including a contacting portion at a first end to engage a notch on a tongue of a connector receptacle; anda shield over the housing, the first retention spring, and the second retention spring, the shield contacting the first retention spring and the second retention spring when the connector insert is inserted into a connector receptacle.2. The connector insert of wherein the shield contacts the first retention spring and the second retention spring before the connector insert is inserted into a connector receptacle.3. The connector insert of wherein the first retention spring further comprises a dimple claim 1 , and a portion of the first retention spring from the dimple to the contacting portion forms a deflection arm that deflects as the connector insert is inserted into a connector receptacle.4. The connector insert of wherein the deflection arm has a length that is a majority of the first length.5. The connector insert of wherein the deflection ...

MAGNETIC SENSING DEVICE WITH REDUCED SHIELD-TO-SHIELD SPACING

A magnetic sensor assembly includes first and second shields each comprised of a magnetic material. The first and second shields define a physical shield-to-shield spacing. A sensor stack is disposed between the first and second shields and includes a seed layer adjacent the first shield, a cap layer adjacent the second shield, and a magnetic sensor between the seed layer and the cap layer. At least a portion of the seed layer and/or the cap layer comprises a magnetic material to provide an effective shield-to-shield spacing of the magnetic sensor assembly that is less than the physical shield-to-shield spacing.

Magnetoresistive sensor with reduced side-reading effect

A read sensor for use in a magnetic read head includes a magnetoresistive stack having a plurality of layers, and first and second shield regions positioned adjacent to the magnetoresistive stack. Each of the shield regions includes a first soft magnetic layer for shunting flux from an adjacent track to the shield region instead of the magnetoresistive stack.

Controlling magnetic layer anisotropy field by oblique angle static deposition

In one general embodiment, a system includes a magnetic layer having first and second magnetic sublayers. An anisotropy of the first magnetic sublayer is oriented in a different direction than an anisotropy of the second magnetic sublayer. In another general embodiment, a magnetic head includes a magnetic layer having first and second magnetic sublayers directly adjacent one another. A deposition thickness of the magnetic layer is less than 60 angstroms. An interface between the magnetic sublayers is oriented at an angle of greater than 2 degrees and less than 88 degrees relative to a plane of deposition thereof. The magnetic layer includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, CoFe, CoFeB, CoHf and NiFe.

INTERPOSERS FOR CONNECTING RECEPTACLE TONGUES TO PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Connecting structures to mechanically connect to a connector receptacle tongue and a printed circuit board and to electrically connect contacts on the connector receptacle tongue to traces on the printed circuit board. One example may provide an interposer having a housing and a plurality of contacts to connect a vertical tongue to a horizontal printed circuit board. The contacts may have a side or tongue connecting portion extending beyond a side of the housing and a bottom or board contacting portion extending beyond a bottom of the housing. The contacts may form a ninety-degree bend. A shield may at least substantially surround a vertical side of the housing.

Computer housing

A multipart computer housing is described. The multipart computer housing includes at least a clutch barrel. The clutch barrel encloses a connector assembly, the connector assembly providing support for a lid. The clutch barrel is configured such that a junction formed by the clutch barrel and a top layer of the lid is not visible to a user when the computer housing is on a horizontal surface.

Spin torque oscillator with an antiferromagnetically coupled assist layer and methods of operating the same

A spin torque oscillator includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a device layer stack located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The device layer stack includes a spin polarization layer including a first ferromagnetic material, an assist layer including a third ferromagnetic material, a ferromagnetic oscillation layer including a second ferromagnetic material located between the spin polarization layer and the assist layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer located between the spin polarization layer and the ferromagnetic oscillation, and a nonmagnetic coupling layer located between the ferromagnetic oscillation layer and the assist layer. The assist layer is antiferromagnetically coupled to the ferromagnetic oscillation layer through the non-magnetic coupling layer, and the assist layer has a magnetization that is coupled to a magnetization of the ferromagnetic oscillation layer.

Singulated keyboard assemblies and methods for assembling a keyboard

Methods for assembling low-profile, singulated keyboards by prefabricating key assemblies onto a chassis strip that is divided into individual key assemblies only after the substrate is affixed to a feature plate of keyboard. For example, a row of key assemblies is fabricated onto a chassis strip. The row corresponds to a partial or complete row of keys of the keyboard. The chassis strip is thereafter affixed to a feature plate in a specific location, thereby aligning each prefabricated key assembly to a precise location on the feature plate. While connected, each prefabricated key assembly is independently affixed to the feature plate. Thereafter, interconnecting portions of the chassis strip between the prefabricated key assemblies are removed, thereby singulating each key assembly.

Keyboard for electronic device

An input mechanism is disclosed. The input mechanism includes a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure, a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure, and a cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure.

Edge connector for shielded adapter

Electrical connections that provide a highly manufacturable, well-shielded path from a cable to a printed circuit board. One example provides a path that includes a card and a connector. Conductors in a cable may be attached to a card. The card may be shielded with a ground plane on one or more sides and edges. The card may insert into a connector that may be attached to a printed circuit board. The connector may include a shield that may have a top portion that forms electrical contact with a ground plane on a top of a card inserted in the connector. The connector may have an opening for accepting the card that is defined by the top portion of the shield and a plurality of rows of contacts. The rows of contacts may include an outer row of ground contacts, and an inner row of signal contacts.

MINI-SIM CONNECTOR

Connectors that may allow SIM cards to be easily removed and replaced, may be resistant to damage by an improper insertion of a SIM card, and may provide reliable mechanical performance. One example may provide a plunger system where a user can push on a plunger rod and eject a SIM card. Another example may provide contacts that are not damaged by improper insertion of a SIM card. Another example may provide a plastic housing, the housing reinforced by a metallic shield and having a relatively uniform thickness 1. A connector to accept a SIM card , the connector comprising:a plastic housing;a plunger rod;a lever connected to the plunger rod, the lever to pivot about an axis point, the axis point formed as part of the plastic housing;a plurality of contacts; anda first retaining clip on a first side of the connector and a second retaining clip on a second side of the connector, the first retaining clip and the second retaining clip to hold the SIM card in the connector.2. The connector of wherein the plunger rod comprises a substantially flat face.3. The connector of wherein the substantially flat face is arranged to accept a force provided by a user.4. The connector of wherein the force is provided by a user to eject a SIM card from the connector.5. The connector of wherein the lever is coated with a nonconductive layer.6. The connector of wherein the nonconductive layer is formed using polytetrafluoroethylene.7. The connector of wherein the plurality of contacts each have a substantially low profile.8. The connector of wherein the axis point comprises an opening.9. The connector of further comprising a shield.10. The connector of wherein the shield is metallic and a portion of the shield is bent to fit in the opening of the axis point.11. The connector of further comprising a detect switch to be in a first state when a SIM card is fully inserted in the connector.12. The connector of wherein the first state is open.13. A connector to accept a SIM card claim 11 , the ...

INTERNAL EDGE CONNECTOR

Edge connectors to connect a daughter or optional board to an edge of a main or motherboard. These connectors may have a low profile or height to save space in electronic devices, and allow electronic devices incorporating the connector have a thin form factor. These connectors may also provide for reliable manufacturing by providing a robust connection to a motherboard and easy insertion of a daughter card. 1. A connector comprising:a housing having an opening to receive a first board; and a first prong to mate with a through hole on a second board; and', 'a second prong to form an electrical connection with a contact on the first board,, 'a plurality of contacts, each comprisingwherein when the first board is inserted in the opening of the housing and the first prongs of the plurality of contacts are mated with through holes on the second board, the first board and the second board are at least approximately in a line.2. The connector of wherein a first number of the second prongs of the plurality of contacts form electrical connections with contacts on a first side of the first board claim 1 , and a second number of the second prongs of the plurality of contacts form electrical connections with contacts on a second side of the first board.3. The connector of wherein the first number is twenty-five.4. The connector of wherein the first number is equal to the second number.5. The connector of wherein the first board comprises circuitry for cellular communications.6. The connector of wherein the second board comprises circuitry for a table computer.7. The connector of wherein the second prongs of the plurality of contacts hold the second board in place using spring tension.8. The connector of further comprising a plurality of tabs.9. The connector of wherein the plurality of tabs are part of a shield for the connector.10. The connector of further comprising a plurality of tabs to connect to the second board.11. An electronic device comprising a connector claim 1 , ...

HIGH-SPEED CARD CONNECTOR HAVING WIDE POWER CONTACT

Connectors to connect optional or daughter cards or boards to main or motherboards. One example provides a connector that is capable of supporting high-speed data rates by employing contacts that provide short signal paths and a ground plane to improve signal quality. The space consumed in electronic devices may be reduced by providing a connector having a low profile, while another example may provide a connector having mechanical stability. Another example provides a connector having an increased manufacturability. Other examples include wider contacts for increased current capabilities. 1. A connector to form a plurality of signal paths between a printed circuit board and a card , the connector comprising:an insulative housing having an opening in a front surface to receive the card; a first portion extending away from the front surface of the housing to attach to a contact on a surface of the printed circuit board;', 'a second portion approximately in line with the first portion to form an electrical connection with a contact on the card; and', 'a third portion extending into the insulative housing; and, 'a plurality of contacts, each havinga shield over at least a top and back portion of the insulative housing,wherein at least two contacts are placed next to each other such that a larger contact is formed.2. The connector of wherein the card is a memory card.3. The connector of wherein the card is a solid state drive.4. The connector of wherein the card is a wireless networking card.5. The connector of wherein the first portion comprises a surface mount connector.6. The connector of wherein the third portion extends into the insulative housing in a direction approximately parallel to a bottom of the connector.7. The connector of wherein the third portion provides mechanical stability.8. The connector of wherein the shield provides a ground plane.9. The connector of wherein the shield holds the card in place when the card is inserted into the connector.10. The ...

COMPUTER HOUSING

A multipart computer housing is described. The multipart computer housing includes at least a structural support layer and a body. The body includes at least an outer layer formed of lightweight flexible material and an inner layer attached to the outer layer. The inner layer is connected to the support layer forming a load path between the inner layer and the structural support layer. A load applied to the multipart computer housing is transferred by way of the load path to the support layer without substantially affecting the outer layer. 1a single piece, seamless housing formed of a lightweight, flexible material, the seamless housing comprising:a top portion, anda body portion integrally formed with the top portion; anda movable top cover pivotally connected to the single piece seamless housing, the movable top cover and the seamless housing shaped to create an appearance of a single continuous shape when the movable top cover is closed and in contact with the top portion.. A computing device, comprising: This U.S. patent application is a Continuation application and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/580,922, filed Oct. 16, 2009, entitled “COMPUTER HOUSING”, by Raff et al., and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.This patent application is related to and incorporates by reference in their entireties, for all purposes, the following co-pending patent applications as follows:1. Field of the InventionThe described embodiments relate generally to portable computing devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to enclosures of portable computing devices and methods of assembling portable computing devices.2. Description of the Related ArtThe outward appearance of a portable computing device, including its design and its heft, is important to a user of the portable computing device, as the outward appearance contributes to the overall impression that the user has of the portable computing device. At the same time, the ...

Magnetic tunnel junction cells having perpendicular anisotropy and enhancement layer

A magnetic tunnel junction cell that includes a ferromagnetic free layer; an enhancement layer having a thickness of at least about 15 Å; an oxide barrier layer; and a ferromagnetic reference layer, wherein the enhancement layer and the oxide barrier layer are positioned between the ferromagnetic reference layer and ferromagnetic free layer and the oxide barrier layer is positioned adjacent the ferromagnetic reference layer, and wherein the ferromagnetic free layer, the ferromagnetic reference layer, and the enhancement layer all have magnetization orientations that are out-of-plane

Magnetic tunnel junction having a magnetic insertion layer and methods of producing the same

According to one embodiment, a magnetic head includes a barrier layer having a crystalline structure, a first magnetic layer above the barrier layer, a magnetic insertion layer above the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer above the magnetic insertion layer, the second magnetic layer having a textured face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The first magnetic layer comprises a high spin polarization magnetic material having a crystalline structure and a characteristic of crystallization being more similar to the crystalline structure of the barrier layer than a crystalline structure of the second magnetic layer and the magnetic insertion layer comprises a magnetic material having a crystalline structure and a characteristic of crystallization being more similar to the crystalline structure of the second magnetic layer than the crystalline structure of the barrier layer. Additional magnetic head structures and methods of producing magnetic heads are described according to more embodiments.

Magnetic Memory Cell With Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Data Storage Capability

Method and apparatus for writing data to a magnetic memory element, such as a spin-torque transfer random access memory (STRAM) memory cell. In accordance with various embodiments, a multi-level cell (MLC) magnetic memory cell stack has first and second magnetic memory elements connected to a first control line and a switching device connected to a second control line. The first memory element is connected in parallel with the second memory element, and the first and second memory elements are connected in series with the switching device. The first and second memory elements are further disposed at different non-overlapping elevations within the stack. Programming currents are passed between the first and second control lines to concurrently set the first and second magnetic memory elements to different programmed resistances. 1. An apparatus comprising a multi-level cell (MLC) magnetic memory cell stack having first and second magnetic memory elements connected to a first control line and a switching device connected to a second control line , the first memory element connected in parallel with the second memory element , the first and second memory elements each further connected in series with the switching device between the first and second control lines and disposed at respective out-of-plane axial elevations within the stack , wherein programming currents are passed between the first and second control lines to concurrently set the first and second magnetic memory elements to different programmed resistances.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , in which the first magnetic memory element is precessed to a selected magnetic orientation responsive to application of a write current through the cell having a first current density claim 1 , and the second magnetic memory element requires application of a write current through the cell having a higher claim 1 , second current density before precessing to the selected magnetic orientation.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , in ...

Method for Junction Isolation to Reduce Junction Damage for a TMR Sensor

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a TMR sensor that reduces damage to a sensor stack during intermediate stages of the manufacturing process. In an embodiment of the invention, after formation of a sensor stack, a protective layer is deposited on the sensor stack that provides protection from materials that may be used in subsequent steps of the manufacturing process. The protective layer is subsequently converted to an insulating layer and the thickness of the insulating layer is extended to an appropriate thickness. In converting the protective layer to an insulating layer, the sensor stack is not directly exposed to materials that may damage it. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, Mg is used as the protective layer that is subsequently converted to MgO with the introduction of oxygen. Although direct contact of oxygen with the sensor stack may cause damage to the sensor stack, direct contact is avoided by the present invention. Subsequently, the thickness of the insulating layer, in this example can be extended to an appropriate thickness without exposing the sensor stack to damage causing oxygen and inter-diffusion. 1. A method for forming a tunnel magnetoresitive sensor , comprising:forming a tunnel magnetoresitive sensor stack;depositing a first protective layer of a first material upon the tunnel magnetoresitive sensor stack in a deposition chamber;introducing a second material in the deposition chamber;converting the first protective layer into a first insulating layer using the second material;depositing a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer is comprised of Mg.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first insulating layer is comprised of MgO.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer is chosen from one of Ti claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , B claim 1 , S claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Y claim ...

MAGNETIC STACK WITH OXIDE TO REDUCE SWITCHING CURRENT

A magnetic stack having a ferromagnetic free layer, a metal oxide layer that is antiferromagnetic at a first temperature and non-magnetic at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, and a non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the reference layer. During a writing process, the metal oxide layer is non-magnetic. For magnetic memory cells, such as magnetic tunnel junction cells, the metal oxide layer provides reduced switching currents. 1. A magnetic stack comprising:a ferromagnetic free layer having a switchable magnetization orientation;a metal oxide layer proximate the free layer, the metal oxide layer comprising cobalt oxides, cobalt alloy oxides, iron oxides, iron alloy oxides, nickel oxides, nickel alloy oxides, or some combination thereof;a ferromagnetic reference layer having a pinned magnetization orientation; anda non-magnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the reference layer.2. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer is a multilayered structure.3. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer is homogenous across its width and length.4. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer has a thickness of about 5 Å to about 30 Å.5. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer has a thickness of about 10 Å to about 20 Å.6. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic free layer is thinner than the ferromagnetic reference layer.7. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic free layer has a thickness from about 0.1 to 10 nm.8. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic reference layer has a thickness from about 0.1 to 10 nm.9. The magnetic stack according to claim 1 , wherein at a first temperature claim 1 , the metal oxide layer comprises ordered magnetic moments in opposite directions and at a second ...

EDGE CONNECTOR FOR SHIELDED ADAPTER

Electrical connections that provide a highly manufacturable, well-shielded path from a cable to a printed circuit board. One example provides a path that includes a card and a connector. Conductors in a cable may be attached to a card. The card may be shielded with a ground plane on one or more sides and edges. The card may insert into a connector that may be attached to a printed circuit board. The connector may include a shield that may have a top portion that forms electrical contact with a ground plane on a top of a card inserted in the connector. The connector may have an opening for accepting the card that is defined by the top portion of the shield and a plurality of rows of contacts. The rows of contacts may include an outer row of ground contacts, and an inner row of signal contacts. 1. A connector comprising:a shield substantially forming a housing for the connector, the shield forming a top of an opening, the opening in a front of the connector;an outer row of contacts defining a bottom of the opening, the outer row of contacts emerging from a front of the connector; andan inner row of contacts defining the bottom of the opening and located between the outer row of contacts and a back of the connector, the inner row of contacts emerging from the back of the connector.2. The connector of wherein the first row of contacts are connected together.3. The connector of wherein contacts in the outer row of contacts are wider than contacts in the inner row of contacts.4. The connector of wherein the shield is bent at a front of the opening such that a portion of the shield is folded below a top of the shield.5. The connector of wherein a top portion of the shield is split into several sections.6. The connector of wherein the shield is bent at each side of the opening such that portions of the shield are folded into the opening in the front of the connector.7. The connector of wherein the inner row of contacts include signal contacts.8. The connector of wherein the ...

USB CONNECTOR HAVING VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL CONVERSION CONTACTS

Connector receptacles that provide a right-angle translation, may be readily manufactured, and may have an aesthetically pleasing appearance. One example may provide a connector receptacle having contacts that provide a right-angle translation. Another example may provide a connector receptacle having an aesthetically pleasing appearance. By inserting an injection molded housing into an over-mold, the interior of a connector may appear to be formed from a single piece of plastic or other material. 1. A method of manufacturing a connector receptacle comprising:receiving a plurality of contacts attached to a carrier, the plurality of contacts shaped to provide a right-angle translation;forming the plurality of contacts;molding a first housing portion around a middle portion of each of the plurality of contacts;removing the carrier from the plurality of contacts;inserting the contacts and first housing portion in an over-mold housing; andplacing a shield substantially around the over-mold housing.2. The method of wherein forming the plurality of contacts comprises forming the plurality of contacts such that:a first contact extends approximately a first length in an X direction and approximately a second length in a Z direction;a second contact extends approximately the first length in the X direction and approximately the second length in the Z direction; anda third contact extends approximately the first length in the X direction, approximately a third length in the Z direction, approximately a fourth length in a Y direction, and approximately a fifth length in the Z direction,wherein the third length plus the fifth length are approximately equal to the second length.3. The method of wherein forming the plurality of contacts further comprises forming the plurality of contacts such that:a fourth contact extends approximately the first length in the X direction and approximately the second length in the Z direction.4. The method of wherein the first and fourth contacts ...

MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION WITH ELECTRONICALLY REFLECTIVE INSULATIVE SPACER

Magnetic tunnel junctions having a specular insulative spacer are disclosed. The magnetic tunnel junction includes a free magnetic layer, a reference magnetic layer, an electrically insulating and non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer separating the free magnetic layer from the reference magnetic layer, and an electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer positioned to reflect at least a portion of electrons back into the free magnetic layer. 1. A magnetic tunnel junction , comprising:a free magnetic layer;a reference magnetic layer;an electrically insulating and non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer separating the free magnetic layer from the reference magnetic layer; andan electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer positioned to reflect at least a portion of electrons back into the free magnetic layer, and the electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer has a non-uniform thickness.2. A magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer has a non-uniform thickness defining peaks and valleys and a plurality of distinct and different thickness values.3. A magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer has a thickness value in a range from 3 to 15 Angstroms.410. A magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer comprises A claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , MgO claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , NiO claim 1 , SiN claim 1 , TaN or AlN.5. A magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating and electronically reflective layer has an area resistance from 1 to 50 ohmsμm.6. A magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 1 , wherein the free magnetic layer is between the electrically insulating and non-magnetic tunneling barrier layer and the electrically insulating and ...

MAGNETIC STACK HAVING REFERENCE LAYERS WITH ORTHOGONAL MAGNETIZATION ORIENTATION DIRECTIONS

A magnetic cell includes a ferromagnetic free layer having a free magnetization orientation direction and a first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer having a first reference magnetization orientation direction that is parallel or anti-parallel to the free magnetization orientation direction. A first oxide barrier layer is between the ferromagnetic free layer and the first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer. The magnetic cell further includes a second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer having a second reference magnetization orientation direction that is orthogonal to the first reference magnetization orientation direction. The ferromagnetic free layer is between the first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer and the second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer. 1. A magnetic cell comprising:a ferromagnetic free layer having a free magnetization orientation direction;a first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer having a first reference magnetization orientation direction that is parallel or anti-parallel to the free magnetization orientation direction;a first oxide barrier layer between the ferromagnetic free layer and the first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer; anda second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer having a second reference magnetization orientation direction that is orthogonal to the first reference magnetization orientation direction, the ferromagnetic free layer between the first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer and the second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer;wherein the first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer has a first blocking temperature and the second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer has a second blocking temperature that is less than the first blocking temperature.2. The magnetic cell of wherein the ferromagnetic free layer claim 1 , first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer claim 1 , and second ferromagnetic pinned reference layer claim 1 , have in-plane magnetic anisotropy.3. The magnetic cell of further comprising a ...

HIGH-SPEED CARD CONNECTOR HAVING WIDE POWER CONTACT

Connectors to connect optional or daughter cards or boards to main or motherboards. One example provides a connector that is capable of supporting high-speed data rates by employing contacts that provide short signal paths and a ground plane to improve signal quality. The space consumed in electronic devices may be reduced by providing a connector having a low profile, while another example may provide a connector having mechanical stability. Another example provides a connector having an increased manufacturability. Other examples include wider contacts for increased current capabilities. 1. A connector to form a plurality of signal paths between a printed circuit board and a card , the connector comprising:an insulative housing having an opening in a front surface to receive the card; a first portion extending away from the front surface of the housing to attach to a contact on a surface of the printed circuit board;', 'a second portion approximately in line with the first portion to form an electrical connection with a contact on the card; and', 'a third portion extending into the insulative housing; and, 'a plurality of contacts, each havinga shield over at least a top and back portion of the insulative housing,wherein at least two contacts are placed next to each other such that a larger contact is formed.2. The connector of wherein the card is a memory card.3. The connector of wherein the card is a solid state drive.4. The connector of wherein the card is a wireless networking card.5. The connector of wherein the first portion comprises a surface mount connector.6. The connector of wherein the third portion extends into the insulative housing in a direction approximately parallel to a bottom of the connector.7. The connector of wherein the third portion provides mechanical stability.8. The connector of wherein the shield provides a ground plane.9. The connector of wherein the shield holds the card in place when the card is inserted into the connector.10. The ...

MAGNETIC SENSOR WITH PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPHY FREE LAYER AND SIDE SHIELDS

A tunneling magneto-resistive reader includes a sensor stack separating a top magnetic shield from a bottom magnetic shield. The sensor stack includes a reference magnetic element having a reference magnetization orientation direction and a free magnetic element having a free magnetization orientation direction substantially perpendicular to the reference magnetization orientation direction. A non-magnetic spacer layer separates the reference magnetic element from the free magnetic element. A first side magnetic shield and a second side magnetic shield is disposed between the top magnetic shield from a bottom magnetic shield, and the sensor stack is between the first side magnetic shield and the second side magnetic shield. The first side magnetic shield and the second side magnetic shield electrically insulates the top magnetic shield from a bottom magnetic shield. 1. A magnetic sensor comprising:a sensor stack separating a top magnetic shield from a bottom magnetic shield, the sensor stack comprising a reference magnetic element having a reference magnetization orientation direction and a free magnetic element having a free magnetization orientation direction substantially perpendicular to the reference magnetization orientation direction, and a non-magnetic spacer layer separating the reference magnetic element from the free magnetic element; anda first side magnetic shield and a second side magnetic shield disposed between the top magnetic shield and the bottom magnetic shield, and the sensor stack disposed between the first side magnetic shield and the second side magnetic shield, and the first side magnetic shield or the second side magnetic shield comprise an electrically insulating layer electrically insulating the top magnetic shield from the bottom magnetic shield.2. A magnetic sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the free magnetic element comprises a layer of CoFeB and a layer of TbCoFe claim 1 , FePt claim 1 , CoPt claim 1 , or MnAl.3. A magnetic sensor ...

Magnetic insert and receptacle for connector system

A magnetic connector system having a durable and reliable construction and a reduced height while maintaining sufficient holding strength. A connector insert may utilize a crimping piece to crimp a braiding of a cable. The crimping piece may be fixed to an attraction plate and a board in the insert for mechanical reliability. Retention clips may be used to fix a shell to the attraction plate. A connector receptacle may employ a magnetically conductive label to improve holding strength.

MAGNETIC SENSOR HAVING CoFeBTa IN PINNED AND FREE LAYER STRUCTURES

A magnetic read sensor having improved magnetic performance and robustness. The magnetic sensor includes a magnetic free layer and a magnetic pinned layer structure. The magnetic pinned layer structure includes first and second magnetic layers separated from one another by a non-magnetic coupling layer. The second magnetic layer of the magnetic pinned layer structure includes a layer of CoFeBTa, which prevents the diffusion of atoms and also promotes a desired BCC crystalline grain growth. The magnetic free layer structure can also include such a CoFeBTa layer for further prevention of atomic diffusion and further promotion of a desired BCC grain growth. 1. A magnetic read sensor , comprising:a magnetic pinned layer structure including a first magnetic layer structure, a second magnetic layer structure and a non-magnetic coupling layer sandwiched between the first and second magnetic layer structures;a magnetic free layer structure; anda non-magnetic barrier layer sandwiched between the magnetic free layer structure and the magnetic pinned layer structure; whereinthe second magnetic layer of the pinned layer structure includes a layer of CoFeBTa.2. The magnetic sensor as in wherein the second magnetic layer structure of the magnetic pinned layer structure is located adjacent to the non-magnetic barrier layer.3. The magnetic sensor as in wherein the second magnetic layer structure of the pinned layer structure comprises first claim 1 , second claim 1 , third and fourth magnetic sub-layers claim 1 , the first magnetic sub-layer comprising Co and being located adjacent to the non-magnetic coupling layer claim 1 , the second magnetic sub-layer comprising CoFeBTa and contacting the first magnetic sub-layer claim 1 , the third magnetic sub-layer comprising CoFeB and contacting the second magnetic sub-layer and the fourth magnetic sub-layer contacting the third magnetic sub-layer and comprising CoFe.4. The magnetic sensor as in wherein the second sub-layer has a thickness ...

SPRING-LOADED CONTACTS

Spring-loaded contacts having an improved reliability. One example may provide spring-loaded contacts having a reduced likelihood of entanglement between a spring and a plunger. For example, a piston may be placed between a plunger and a spring. The piston may have a head portion that is wider than the diameter of the spring and located between the spring and the plunger to isolate the spring and the plunger. In these and other examples, an additional object, such as a sphere, may be placed between the plunger and spring. In another example, two additional objects, such as two spheres, may be placed between a plunger and piston. 1. A spring-loaded contact comprising:a barrel to form a housing for the spring-loaded contact;a plunger at least partially enclosed by the barrel;a spring enclosed by the barrel;a first sphere between the plunger and the spring; anda piston having a head located between the first sphere and the spring and a body substantially surrounded by the spring.2. The spring-loaded contact of further comprising a second sphere between the plunger and the head of the piston.3. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the back of the plunger has an asymmetric surface.4. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the back of the plunger has an eccentrically-tapered hole.5. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the piston is formed using stainless steel.6. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the spring is formed using stainless steel coated in a dielectric.7. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the dielectric is parylene.8. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the head of the piston has an asymmetric surface contacting the back of the plunger.9. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the spring is gold-plated.10. The spring-loaded contact of wherein the barrel includes a vent.11. A spring-loaded contact comprising:a barrel to form a housing for the spring-loaded contact;a plunger at least partially enclosed by the barrel;a spring enclosed by the barrel;an isolating ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACQUIRING BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM DEBUG CODES

A system is used for acquiring Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) debug codes. The system includes a platform controller hub (PCH), a storage chip, and a baseboard management controller (BMC). The PCH reads power-on self tests (POST) codes from an address port of a bus, and converts the POST codes to binary data and stores the binary data in the storage chip. The BMC reads the binary data stored in the storage chip and defines the binary data as virtual sensor data, which conform with threshold type data, and decodes the virtual sensor data to POST codes and controls a display unit to display the POST codes. 1. A system for acquiring Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) debug codes , comprising:a platform controller hub (PCH) with an interface, to read power-on self tests (POST) codes from an address port of a bus of a computer through the interface and convert the POST codes to binary data;a storage chip to store the binary data;a baseboard management controller (BMC) to read the binary data stored in the storage chip and define the binary data as virtual sensor data, which conform with threshold type data, and decode the virtual sensor data to POST codes; anda display unit controlled by the BMC to display the POST codes.2. A method for acquiring Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) debug codes , comprising:starting up a computer, and reading power-on self tests (POST) codes from an address port of a bus of the computer through a platform controller hub (PCH);converting the POST codes to binary data through the PCH;storing the binary data in a storage chip through the PCH;reading the binary data stored in the storage chip and defining the binary data as virtual sensor data, which conforms with threshold type data, through a baseboard management controller (BMC);decoding the virtual sensor data to POST codes through the BMC; anddisplaying the POST codes through a display unit. 1. Technical FieldThe present disclosure relates to a system and a method capable of acquiring and ...

Look-Up-Table Digital Predistortion Technique for High-Voltage Power Amplifiers in Ultrasonic Applications

The present invention includes a digital controller for use with an ultrasound power amplifier circuit to increase linearity and efficiency of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit. The digital controller includes a digital signal generator and a memory unit that is coupled to the digital signal generator. The memory unit includes a processor that obtains an output signal from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit, calculates error by obtaining a difference between an ideal output signal and the output signal that is obtained from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit, and equalizes an input signal from the digital signal generator to reduce nonlinearity in the output signal of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit. The memory unit includes a look-up-table for storing values of error. 1. A digital controller for use with an ultrasound power amplifier circuit to increase linearity and efficiency of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit , wherein the digital controller comprises:a digital signal generator;a memory unit that is coupled to the digital signal generator;a feedback circuit that couples the ultrasound power amplifier circuit to the memory unit;wherein the memory unit comprises a processor that obtains an output signal from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit through the feedback circuit, calculates error by obtaining a difference between an ideal output signal and the output signal that is obtained from the ultrasound power amplifier circuit, and equalizes an input signal from the digital signal generator to reduce nonlinearity in the output signal of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit; andwherein the memory unit comprises a look-up table for storing values of error.2. A digital controller as claimed in further comprising:a digital to analog converter that has an output that is coupled to an input of the ultrasound power amplifier circuit;wherein the digital signal generator has a first output that is coupled to an input of the digital to analog ...

Network card detecting circuit

A detecting circuit includes a network interface, a switch, a baseboard management controller (BMC) having first and second signal pins, and a detecting unit. The first and second signal pins receive low level signals when the network line is disconnected from the network interface. The first signal pin receives a high level signal and the second signal pin receives a low level signal when the network line is connected to the network interface but the network card is malfunctioning. The first and second signal pins receive high level signals when the network line is connected to the network interface and the network card works normally.

THIN CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HOUSINGS

Structures, methods, and apparatus that provide connector receptacles that have a reduced tendency to scratch and otherwise mar connector inserts, have an aesthetically-pleasing appearance, have an improved tactile response when inserts are inserted, or are very thin or have a low profile. Various examples reduce scratches and wear by utilizing domes, cylinders, balls, or other structures as finger contacts in a connector receptacle. Another example provides aesthetically-pleasing connector receptacle enclosures by forming receptacle enclosures using the same type of material, or material having the same or similar color or texture, as is used for enclosing the electronic device that includes the receptacle. Another example provides an aesthetically-pleasing receptacle enclosure by forming receptacle enclosures that are, in part or in whole, contiguous or formed with the housing. Another example provides a super-thin connector receptacle by removing fingers and portions of a shell along one or more sides. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a housing having four sides;a plurality of fingers located on no more than three sides of the housing, each of the fingers including a dome-shaped finger contact; anda shield at least partially covering the housing and the fingers, the shield around no more than three sides of the housing.2. The connector of wherein each of the plurality of fingers comprises a dome-shaped contact.3. The connector receptacle of further comprising a tongue.4. The connector receptacle of further comprising a plurality of contacts located at least partially adjacent to the tongue.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the receptacle is located in a device enclosure claim 2 , and the housing is formed with the device enclosure.6. The connector receptacle of wherein the shield is formed of one of the group consisting of aluminum claim 2 , steel claim 2 , stainless steel claim 2 , spring steel claim 2 , and palladium-nickel alloy.7. The connector ...

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LOADING FIRMWARE

An electronic device includes an internal storage module, a baseboard management controller (BMC) and a port. The internal storage module stores a first firmware and a boot application. The port connects to an external storage for storing a second firmware which is a backup of the first firmware. After the electronic device is powered on, the BMC runs the boot application to load the first firmware from the internal storage module. If the first firmware fails to load, the BMC copies the second firmware from the external storage to the internal storage module to replace the first firmware. 1. An electronic device comprising:an internal storage module for storing a first firmware and a boot application;a baseboard management controller (BMC); anda port for connecting an external storage which stores a second firmware which is a backup of the first firmware;wherein when receiving power after the electronic device is powered on, the BMC runs the boot application to load the first firmware from the internal storage module, if the first firmware fails to load, the BMC copies the second firmware from the external storage to the internal storage module to replace the first firmware.2. The electronic device as described in claim 1 , wherein the first firmware comprises a checksum indicating the integrity of the first firmware claim 1 , if the checksum of the first firmware is detected to be wrong claim 1 , the BMC determines the first firmware fails to load.3. The electronic device as described in claim 1 , wherein if the first firmware fails to load from the first internal storage claim 1 , the BMC sets a load failure identifier to the boot application claim 1 , the BMC detects whether the load failure identifier exists in the boot application to determine whether the first firmware fails to load claim 1 , if the first firmware is replaced claim 1 , the BMC deletes the load failure identifier from the boot application.4. The electronic device as described in claim 1 , ...

Memory Cell with Phonon-Blocking Insulating Layer

An apparatus and associated method for a non-volatile memory cell with a phonon-blocking insulating layer. In accordance with various embodiments, a magnetic stack has a tunnel junction, ferromagnetic free layer, pinned layer, and an insulating layer that is constructed of an electrically and thermally insulative material that blocks phonons while allowing electrical transmission through at least one conductive feature. 1. An apparatus comprising a tunnel junction , ferromagnetic free layer , pinned layer , and an insulating layer , the insulating layer comprising an antiferromagnet (AFM) material and a conductive region comprising a plurality of separate electrically conductive features each having a width less than a phonon signal wavelength.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each conductive feature is dimensioned to allow electrical conductivity while blocking phonon transmission.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive region has a first width and length that are respectively smaller than a second width and length of the insulating layer.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive region is shaped in a substantially rectangular pattern.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer is shaped to be substantially circular.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one conductive feature is shaped to be substantially circular with a uniform diameter through the insulating layer.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each conductive feature has a lower magnetic field resistance than the insulating layer.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises NiO.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises a phonon-blocking electron transmitting (PBET) material.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one conductive feature comprises phonon-blocking electron transmitting (PBET) material.11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one conductive feature continuously extends from ...

MAGNETIC STACK HAVING ASSIST LAYERS

A magnetic tunnel junction having a ferromagnetic free layer and a ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, each having an out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and an out-of-plane magnetization orientation, the ferromagnetic free layer switchable by spin torque. The magnetic tunnel junction includes a ferromagnetic assist layer proximate the free layer, the assist layer having a low magnetic anisotropy less than 700 Oe and positioned to apply a magnetic field on the free layer. 1. A spin torque memory cell comprising:a ferromagnetic free layer and a first ferromagnetic pinned reference layer, each having an out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and an out-of-plane magnetization orientation, the ferromagnetic free layer magnetization orientation is configured to be switchable by spin torque;a first oxide barrier layer between the free layer and the reference layer; anda ferromagnetic spin polarizing assist layer having a thickness in a range from 0.5-3 nm in direct contact with the ferromagnetic free layer where the ferromagnetic free layer separates the ferromagnetic spin polarizing assist layer from the first oxide barrier layer.2. The spin torque memory cell of wherein the assist layer has in-plane magnetic anisotropy.3. The spin torque memory cell of wherein the assist layer has out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy.4. The spin torque memory cell of wherein the assist layer wherein the assist layer has a low magnetic anisotropy being less than 500 Oe.5. The spin torque memory cell of wherein the assist layer has a magnetic moment of less than 1100 emu/cc.6. The spin torque memory cell of further comprising a second pinned reference layer having an out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and an out-of-plane magnetization orientation claim 1 , the assist layer positioned between the free layer and the second reference layer.7. The spin torque memory cell of further comprising a first enhancement layer and a second enhancement layer claim 6 , the first enhancement layer between the oxide ...

EDGE CONNECTOR FOR SHIELDED ADAPTER

Electrical connections that provide a highly manufacturable, well-shielded path from a cable to a printed circuit board. One example provides a path that includes a card and a connector. Conductors in a cable may be attached to a card. The card may be shielded with a ground plane on one or more sides and edges. The card may insert into a connector that may be attached to a printed circuit board. The connector may include a shield that may have a top portion that forms electrical contact with a ground plane on a top of a card inserted in the connector. The connector may have an opening for accepting the card that is defined by the top portion of the shield and a plurality of rows of contacts. The rows of contacts may include an outer row of ground contacts, and an inner row of signal contacts.

CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HAVING SPLIT CONTACTS

Connector receptacles that are simple to assemble, provide good shielding, and consume a reduced or limited amount of space inside a device enclosure. To simplify assembly, these receptacles may include a subassembly that is inserted into a hollow tongue. The subassembly may include a first number of contacts that are insert molded in a first overmold, as well as a second number of contacts that may be inserted into a second overmold. To improve ground shielding, one or more ground contacts at a front of the receptacle may be split to provide shielding in a back of the receptacle. The tongue may further include ground contacts on its sides and top. The contacts may terminate in through-hole portions to reduce the space consumed by the receptacle. 1. A method of assembling a connector receptacle comprising: receiving a first plurality of contacts, each having a contacting portion at a first end and a through-hole portion at an opposite end, the first plurality of contacts including a first contact further having a second through-hole portions at the opposite end;', 'insert molding the first plurality of contacts to form an overmold portion; and', 'attaching a second plurality of contacts to the overmold portion, each of the second plurality of contacts having a contacting portion at a first end and a through-hole portion at an opposite end;, 'assembling a subassembly byreceiving a connector receptacle housing, the connector receptacle housing having a tongue, the tongue being substantially hollow;inserting the subassembly, a first ground contact, and a second ground contact in a back opening in a back of the tongue; andaligning the first ground contact with a first side opening on a first side of the tongue and the second ground contact with a second side opening on a second side of the tongue.2. The method of further comprising:aligning the contacting portion of each of the first plurality of contacts with an opening in a first plurality of openings in a bottom of ...

Connection system with keyboard-video-mouse device

A connection system includes a keyboard-video-mouse (KVM) device, first and second electronic devices, first and second cables. The first cable includes a first terminal connected to the KVM device, a second terminal connected to the first electronic device, and a first indicator positioned on the first cable and close to the second terminal. The second cable includes a third terminal connected to the KVM device, a fourth terminal connected to the second electronic device, and a second indicator positioned on the second cable and close to the fourth terminal. The KVM device includes first to third switches, and a logic circuit connected to the first to third switches and the first and second indicators. When the first and second switches are closed, the first indicator is lit by the logic circuit. When the first and third switches are closed, the second indicator is lit by the logic circuit.

FOLDING SO-DIMM SOCKET

Sockets that provide easy access for users to change cards while allowing the use of thinner device enclosures. One example provides a socket having two positions. When the socket is in an open state, the card may be oriented in a direction substantially away from the main logic board. When the socket is in a closed state, the card moves such that it is oriented at least closer to being in parallel to the main logic board. 1. A socket for providing electrical connections for a plurality of cards to a board , the socket capable of being in:an open state where one or more of a plurality of cards may be inserted into or removed from a plurality of receptacles in the socket, wherein when a card is inserted in the socket, it is substantially orthogonal to the board; anda closed state, wherein as the socket is closed, the card moves towards a position where the card is parallel to the board.2. The socket of wherein when the socket is in the open state claim 1 , any of the plurality of cards may be removed from or inserted into any of the plurality of receptacles in the socket.3. The socket of wherein the board is a main logic board of a computer.4. The socket of wherein when the socket is closed claim 1 , the card is at approximately a 45 degree angle to the board.5. The socket of wherein the socket may be closed by applying force to one or more levers.6. The socket of wherein the socket may be locked in a closed state by placing a tab on each of the one or more levers under a frame of the socket.7. The socket of wherein the socket may be opened by pushing each of the one or more levers away from the frame of the socket such that the tab on each of the one or more levers is not under the frame of the socket.8. The socket of wherein each of the receptacles are configured to accept a small-outline dual in-line memory module card.9. A socket comprising:a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle comprising: 'a serpentine portion to flex as the socket is opened and closed, ...

USB3 CONNECTOR

Connector receptacles that are simple to assemble, provide a good ground contact path, avoid marring of both inserts and receptacles, and can be arranged to fit in a device enclosure. These receptacles may include a subassembly that is inserted into a hollow tongue. The subassembly may include a first number of contacts that are insert molded in a housing, as well as a second number of contacts. The tongue may further include ground contacts on its sides and top. The tongue may cover edges of at least some contacts to prevent marring of both the connector receptacle and connector insert. The shell of the connector receptacle may be formed around a portion of the connector receptacle to assist in fitting the receptacle in a device enclosure. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a connector receptacle housing, the connector receptacle housing having a tongue, the tongue being substantially hollow; a first plurality of contacts;', 'an insert molded housing around at least a portion of the first plurality of contacts; and', 'a second plurality of contacts attached to the housing;, 'a subassembly located in the hollow tongue, the subassembly comprisinga first ground contact aligned with a first side opening on a first side of the tongue; anda second ground contact aligned with a second side opening on a second side of the tongue.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the tongue comprises a first plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the first plurality of contacts and a second plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the second plurality of contacts.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are between the second plurality of openings and a front of the tongue.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are arranged such that edges of the first plurality of contacts are not exposed.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of ...

Esd path for connector receptacle

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide a separation between a signal ground and an enclosure ground such that EMI and ESD circuits are not bypassed. One example may provide a connector receptacle having fingers for contacting a device enclosure, where the fingers are not directly electrically connected to a shell of the connector receptacle. These fingers may be isolated from the shell along a top-side by an electrically insulating layer. These fingers may be further insulated from the shell along a back side by a nonconductive piece or portion of a housing.

DUAL CONNECTOR HAVING GROUND PLANES IN TONGUES

Connector receptacle assemblies that may be simple to manufacture, provide multiple receptacles, and provide a good ground contact path. One example may provide a connector receptacle assembly formed of a housing having a tongue that may include openings on one or more sides for contacts as well as openings on its sides for ground contacts. Another example may provide a connector receptacle assembly having at least two tongues, where each tongue may be aligned with a corresponding opening in a device enclosure. Another example may provide a connector receptacle assembly having a tongue with a center ground contact, where the center ground contact may be located between the top row and the bottom row of contacts. Another example may provide a connector receptacle assembly having a titanium-copper center ground contact. 1. A connector receptacle assembly comprising: a top row of contacts along a top side of the tongue;', 'a bottom row of contacts; and', 'a center contact having a body portion and a first side protrusion and a second side protrusion, wherein the first side protrusion and the second side protrusion extend through corresponding openings in sides of the tongue; and, 'a housing having a first tongue and a second tongue, each tongue comprisinga shell at least partially surrounding a top, sides, and back of the housing, wherein the center contact electrically contacts the shell.2. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the center contact is formed of titanium-copper.3. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the shell is formed of stainless steel.4. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein a first tab is bent on the shell such that contact with a second tab on the center contact is maintained.5. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the shell comprises a plurality of fingers for contacting a device enclosure.6. The connector receptacle assembly of wherein the housing is formed of a nonconductive material.7. The connector receptacle ...

MAGNETIC MEMORY WITH SEPARATE READ AND WRITE PATHS

Magnetic memory having separate read and write paths is disclosed. The magnetic memory unit includes a ferromagnetic strip having a first end portion with a first magnetization orientation, an opposing second end portion with a second magnetization orientation, and a middle portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the middle portion having a free magnetization orientation. The first magnetization orientation opposes the second magnetization orientation. A tunneling barrier separates a magnetic reference layer from the middle portion forming a magnetic tunnel junction. A bit line is electrically coupled to the second end portion. A source line is electrically coupled to the first end portion and a read line is electrically coupled to the magnetic tunnel junction. 1. A magnetic memory unit , comprising:a ferromagnetic strip forming a curved structure and having a first portion with a first magnetization orientation, a second portion with a second magnetization orientation, and a middle portion between the first portion and the second portion, the middle portion having a free magnetization orientation, the first magnetization orientation opposes the second magnetization orientation;a tunneling barrier separates a magnetic reference layer from the middle portion and forming a magnetic tunnel junction;a bit line is electrically coupled to the second end portion;a source line is electrically coupled to the first end portion; anda read line is electrically coupled to the magnetic tunnel junction.2. A magnetic memory unit according to claim 1 , wherein the free magnetization orientation of the middle portion rotates due to spin torque transfer based on a direction of a write current between the first portion or the second portion.3. A magnetic memory unit according to claim 2 , wherein the free magnetization orientation of the middle portion rotates between a high resistance state magnetization orientation and a low resistance state magnetization ...

Ultrasound Transmitter

A circuit for driving ultrasound transducers uses a sample-and-hold circuit to sample multiple sample periods of a transducer driving waveform, and uses the samples to modify drive parameters. Use of multiple sample periods enables independent measurement and adjustment of different portions of the transducer driving waveform to ensure mirror symmetry. 1. A circuit , comprising:a voltage driver producing a voltage waveform for an ultrasound transducer;a sample-and-hold circuit having an input and an output, the voltage waveform coupled to the input of the sample-and-hold circuit; anda controller using the output of the sample-and-hold circuit to modify control of the voltage driver.2. The circuit of claim 1 , where a sampling interval for the sample-and-hold circuit is less than a cycle time of the voltage waveform.3. The circuit of claim 2 , where a first sampling interval includes a portion of an upright voltage waveform and a second sampling interval includes a corresponding portion of an inverted voltage waveform.4. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:an integrator having an input and an output, the input of the integrator coupled to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit, and the output of the integrator coupled to the controller.5. The driver circuit of claim 4 , further comprising:the integrator integrating the output of the sample-and-hold circuit over a plurality of cycles of the voltage waveform.6. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:an analog-to-digital converter having an input and an output, the input of the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit, and the output of the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the controller.7. The circuit of claim 6 , where the analog-to-digital converter is a one-bit analog-to-digital converter.8. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:a low-pass filter having an input and an output, the output of the voltage driver coupled to the input of the low-pass ...

Portable computing system

A portable electronic device having several features is disclosed. The device can include a retention member that retains flexible circuits extending from a top portion to a bottom portion of the device, thereby allowing some components to be moved from a top portion of the device to a bottom portion. The device may include a cover plate can be secured with a display in the top portion to cover the retention member and other internal components. The device can include an omni-directional port designed to receive a connector different orientations and provide power to the device. The device can include a flexible keyboard having butterfly keycaps. The device can include an array of openings for an audio driver, with some of the array including through holes and blind holes. The device can also include a touch pad having a force feedback sensor and a haptic device.

KEYBOARD FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An input mechanism is disclosed. The input mechanism includes a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure, a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure, and a cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure. 1. An input mechanism , comprising:a dome support structure defining an opening that extends through the dome support structure;a collapsible dome positioned in the opening and engaged with the dome support structure; anda cover member coupled to the dome support structure and covering the collapsible dome, thereby retaining the collapsible dome within the opening of the dome support structure.2. The input mechanism of claim 1 , wherein:the input mechanism is configured to be coupled to a keyboard base; andthe collapsible dome is configured to communicate through the opening to contact the keyboard base when the collapsible dome is collapsed.3. The input mechanism of claim 2 , wherein the dome support structure further comprises a channel in a peripheral edge of the dome support structure claim 2 , the channel configured to capture a pivot pin of a hinge mechanism between a wall of the channel and the keyboard base.4. The input mechanism of claim 1 , wherein:the input mechanism is configured to be coupled to a keycap; andthe dome support structure comprises a light guide to direct light from a light source towards the keycap.5. The input mechanism of claim 4 , wherein the dome support structure comprises a transparent material.6. The input mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the cover member comprises an actuation pad configured to transmit an actuation force from a keycap to the collapsible dome.7. The input mechanism of claim 1 , wherein:the collapsible dome comprises an array of retention features extending from an outer edge of the collapsible dome ...

SPIN TRANSFER TORQUE DEVICE WITH OXIDE LAYER BENEATH THE SEED LAYER

A spin transfer torque (STT) device is formed on an electrically conductive substrate and includes a ferromagnetic free layer near the substrate, a ferromagnetic polarizing layer and a nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the polarizing layer. A multilayer structure is located between the substrate and the free layer. The multilayer structure includes a metal or metal alloy seed layer for the free layer and an intermediate oxide layer below and in contact with the seed layer. The intermediate oxide layer reflects spin current from the free layer and thus reduces undesirable damping of the oscillation of the free layer's magnetization by the seed layer. 1. A spin transfer torque (STT) device comprising:an electrically conductive substrate;a ferromagnetic free layer;an intermediate oxide layer between the substrate and the free layer and comprising an oxide of one or more of Mg, Al, Ti and Ta;a metal or metal alloy seed layer for the free layer on and in contact with the intermediate oxide layer, wherein the free layer is on and in contact with the seed layer;a ferromagnetic polarizing layer;a nonmagnetic spacer layer between the free layer and the polarizing layer, wherein the free layer is located between the substrate and the polarizing layer; andan electrically conductive layer on the polarizing layer.2. The STT device of wherein the intermediate oxide layer consists of MgO.3. The STT device of wherein the MgO oxide layer has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.1 nm and less than or equal to 0.5 nm.4. The STT device of wherein the seed layer comprises one or more films selected from one or more of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Nb and NiAl.5. The STT device of wherein the seed layer comprises a film selected from a Ru film and a NiAl film.6. The STT device of wherein the seed layer has a thickness greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 9 nm.7. A STT magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell ...

MAGNETORESISTIVE DEVICE WITH LAMINATE INSERTION LAYER IN THE FREE LAYER

A magneto-resistive (MR) device and process for making the MR device are disclosed. The MR device has a pinned layer, a spacer layer proximate to the pinned layer, and a free layer proximate to the spacer layer. The free layer comprises a first magnetic layer proximate to the spacer layer, the first magnetic layer having a positive magnetostriction, a laminate magnetic insertion layer proximate to the first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer proximate to the magnetic insertion layer, the second magnetic layer having a negative magnetostriction. The laminate magnetic insertion layer has a first magnetic sublayer and a first non-magnetic sublayer proximate to the first magnetic sublayer. With the disclosed laminate magnetic insertion layer, the free layer has a low overall magnetostriction and results in a MR device with a high MR ratio. 1. A magneto-resistive (MR) device , comprising:a pinned layer;a spacer layer proximate to the pinned layer; and a first magnetic layer proximate to the spacer layer, the first magnetic layer having a positive magnetostriction,', 'a magnetic insertion layer proximate to the first magnetic layer, the magnetic insertion layer comprising a first insertion layer unit, the first insertion layer unit comprising a first magnetic sublayer and a first non-magnetic sublayer proximate to the first magnetic sublayer, and', 'a second magnetic layer proximate to the magnetic insertion layer, the second magnetic layer having a negative magnetostriction., 'a free layer proximate to the spacer layer, wherein the free layer comprises2. The MR device of claim 1 , wherein the first magnetic sublayer is proximate to the first magnetic layer.3. The MR device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic insertion layer further comprises a second magnetic sublayer proximate to the first non-magnetic sublayer.4. The MR device of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic insertion layer further comprises one or more additional insertion layer units claim 1 , wherein each ...

ROBUST MAGNETIC CONNECTOR

Connector inserts and receptacles that are robust, easily manufactured, and provide an improved connector performance. One example may provide a connector receptacle having a power contact located in a ground surface. An insulating layer may be placed between the power contact and the ground surface. The ground surface may be curved or flat, or it may have other shapes. Another example may provide a robust connector insert. This connector insert may include a crimping piece that fits over a cable braiding and is crimped. The crimping piece may then be attached to an attraction plate. A cover or shell may be attached to provide further reinforcement. Another example may provide a connector system having a ground contact and a power contact, where the ground contact is a make-first-break-last contact. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a ground return at a front surface of the connector receptacle;a power contact having a lateral width and a vertical height at a front surface of the connector receptacle, the lateral width greater than the vertical height;a first magnetic element positioned laterally on a first side of the power contact; anda second magnetic element positioned laterally on a second side of the power contact, the first side opposite the second side.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the first magnetic element is located behind the front surface.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the second magnetic element is located behind the front surface.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return forms the front surface of the connector receptacle.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return covers the first and second magnetic elements such that the ground return is between a connector insert and the first magnetic element and between the connector insert and the second magnetic element when the connector insert is mated with the connector receptacle.6. The connector receptacle of wherein the power contact further comprises a ...

ENCLOSURE FEATURES FOR A PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE

The present application describes various embodiments regarding systems and methods for providing a lightweight and durable portable computing device having a thin profile. The portable computing device can take the form of a laptop computer. The portable computing device can include a case snap system configured to movably attach two portions of a base of the computing device together. The portable computing device can include a lid portion with a support structure having a shaped profile configured to support a display. The portable computing device can include locating features disposed within the base portion configured to locate internal components. 1. A portable computing device , comprising:a bottom case including at least one snap plug; anda top case including an integrated support beam configured to support at least one case snap wherein the case snap is configured to translate a predetermined amount within a plane parallel to the top case and a second predetermined amount perpendicular to the plane parallel to the top case and the case snap is further configured to receive the snap plug and couple the bottom case to the top case.2. The portable computing device of claim 1 , further comprising a foam strip disposed on the integrated support beam configured to dampen noise.3. The portable computing device of claim 1 , wherein the top case is further configured to include a pocket arranged to receive the case snap.4. The portable computing device of claim 3 , wherein the case snap is retained within the pocket with two screws.5. The portable computing device of wherein the case snap is retained with only one screw and wherein the pocket is further configured to include at least one overhanging portion configured to retain the case snap.6. The portable computing device of claim 2 , wherein the top case is further configured to include a pocket arranged to receive the case snap wherein the pocket includes two overhanging portions configured to retain the case ...

PINS FOR CONNECTOR ALIGNMENT

Connector receptacles that may help maintain registration or alignment between a printed circuit board, a connector receptacle, and an opening in a device enclosure. One example may provide a connector receptacle having a housing including a passage. A pin may be placed in the passage such that a first portion extends away from a front of the housing and a rear portion extends away from a rear of the housing. The front portion may be arranged to fit in a cavity or opening in an inside surface of a device enclosure, while the rear portion may be arranged to fit in a cavity or opening in a top surface of a printed circuit board. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a housing having a cavity and a passage;a plurality of contacts located in the cavity of the housing; and a front portion extending away from a front of the housing;', 'a middle portion located in the passage of the housing; and', 'a rear portion extending away from a rear of the housing., 'a pin comprising2. The connector receptacle of wherein the front portion of the pin is arranged to fit in an opening in a device enclosure.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the rear portion of the pin is arranged to fit in an opening in a printed circuit board.4. The connector receptacle of wherein each of the contacts includes a contacting portion located in the cavity and a tail portion extending from the rear of the housing.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the housing is plastic and the pin is metallic.6. The connector receptacle of wherein the rear portion of the pin is angled relative to the front portion of the pin.7. The connector receptacle of wherein the rear portion of the pin is angled towards the tail portion of the contacts relative to the front portion of the pin.8. An electronic device comprising:a device enclosure having a first opening and a first cavity;a printed circuit board having a first cavity; and a housing having a cavity and a passage;', 'a plurality of contacts located in the cavity ...

CONNECTOR FOR PLACEMENT IN BOARD OPENING

Connector receptacles that may have a reduced height when combined with a printed circuit board and reduce wasted space inside an electronic device. One example may provide a connector receptacle that fits in an opening in a printed circuit board. The connector receptacle may also be angled at an oblique angle relative to the printed circuit board such that its face may be flush with a highly stylized device enclosure. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a housing;a tongue located in the housing;a plurality of first contacts located on the tongue, each first contact having a first portion to make electrical contact with a corresponding contact on a connector insert, a second lateral portion at a right angle to the first portion, a third portion angled upward, a fourth lateral portion, and a fifth downward portion, the fifth downward portion forming a through-hole contact;a plurality of second contacts located in the tongue, each second contact having a first portion to make electrical contact with a corresponding contact on a connector insert, a second lateral portion, a third portion angled upward, a fourth lateral portion, and a fifth downward portion, the fifth downward portion forming a through-hole contact;a top shell portion covering at least a portion of a top of the housing; anda bottom shell portion covering at least a portion of a bottom of the housing.2. The connector of wherein the plurality of first contacts and the plurality of second contacts exit the housing at right angles to each other.3. The connector of wherein the top shell portion is arranged to contact a top side of a printed circuit board.4. The connector of wherein a substantial portion of the bottom shell portion is arranged to be located below a printed circuit board.5. The connector of further comprising a first ground contact above the tongue and a second ground contact below the tongue.6. The connector of wherein a face of the connector has a longitudinal axis in a first direction and ...

METHOD FOR PROGRAMMING EXTENDED DISPLAY IDENTIFICATION DATA AND DISPLAY DEVICE

A method for programming extended display identification data (EDID) adapted to a display device is provided. The display device has at least one EDID chip, a microcontroller unit chip, and a flash memory chip. in the method, a first EDID corresponding to the EDID chip is written into a firmware stored in the flash memory chip. The display device is powered on. The first EDID in the firmware is automatically written into the corresponding EDID chip as a second EDID by the microcontroller unit chip. 1. A method for programming extended display identification data , adapted to a display device , wherein the display device has at least an extended display identification data chip , a microcontroller unit chip , a flash memory chip , and an electrically erasable programmable read only memory , the method comprising:writing a first extended display identification data corresponding to the extended display identification data chip into a firmware stored in the flash memory chip;powering on the display device; andthe microcontroller unit chip automatically writing the first extended display identification data in the firmware into the corresponding extended display identification data chip as a second extended display identification data.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of automatically writing the first extended display identification data into the corresponding extended display identification data chip further comprises:determining whether a third extended display identification data is already written in the extended display identification data chip; andwhen the third extended display identification data is not written in the extended display identification data chip, automatically writing the first extended display identification data in the firmware into the corresponding extended display identification data chip as the second extended display identification data.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the step of determining whether the ...

SINGULATED KEYBOARD ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING A KEYBOARD

Methods for assembling low-profile, singulated keyboards by prefabricating key assemblies onto a chassis strip that is divided into individual key assemblies only after the substrate is affixed to a feature plate of keyboard. For example, a row of key assemblies is fabricated onto a chassis strip. The row corresponds to a partial or complete row of keys of the keyboard. The chassis strip is thereafter affixed to a feature plate in a specific location, thereby aligning each prefabricated key assembly to a precise location on the feature plate. While connected, each prefabricated key assembly is independently affixed to the feature plate. Thereafter, interconnecting portions of the chassis strip between the prefabricated key assemblies are removed, thereby singulating each key assembly. 1. A keyboard assembly , comprising:a feature plate;a key assembly including a key mechanism and a keycap, the key mechanism being coupled to the keycap and facilitating translation of the keycap in response to a user input;a chassis affixed to the feature plate, the chassis comprising a key assembly retaining feature, the key mechanism being coupled to the key assembly retaining feature.2. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , wherein the key mechanism is pivotally coupled to the key assembly retaining feature.3. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , wherein the key assembly includes a dome structure and the chassis includes a dome retaining feature claim 1 , the dome structure being coupled with the dome retaining feature.4. The keyboard assembly of claim 3 , wherein the key assembly includes a switch structure having an internal opening claim 3 , the dome retaining feature being positioned in the internal opening.5. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , wherein the chassis comprises a bend at the key assembly retaining feature.6. The keyboard assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a removable interconnecting portion attaching the chassis to a second chassis.7. A keyboard assembly claim 1 , ...

SINGULATED KEYBOARD ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING A KEYBOARD

Methods for assembling low-profile, singulated keyboards by prefabricating key assemblies onto a chassis strip that is divided into individual key assemblies only after the substrate is affixed to a feature plate of keyboard. For example, a row of key assemblies is fabricated onto a chassis strip. The row corresponds to a partial or complete row of keys of the keyboard. The chassis strip is thereafter affixed to a feature plate in a specific location, thereby aligning each prefabricated key assembly to a precise location on the feature plate. While connected, each prefabricated key assembly is independently affixed to the feature plate. Thereafter, interconnecting portions of the chassis strip between the prefabricated key assemblies are removed, thereby singulating each key assembly. 1. A row of interconnected key assemblies comprising: a chassis having a first retaining feature and a second retaining feature;', 'a switch housing formed on the chassis;', 'a key mechanism surrounding the switch housing and engaged with the first retaining feature; and', 'a buckling dome positioned within an opening defined through the switch housing and engaged with the second retaining feature., 'an array of key assemblies, each key assembly comprising2. The row of interconnected key assemblies of claim 1 , wherein each chassis associated with each key assembly of the array of key assemblies is coupled to at least one other chassis via a removable interconnecting portion.3. The row of interconnected key assemblies of claim 2 , wherein at least one removable interconnecting portion defines a breakaway feature that facilitates removal of the at least one removable interconnecting portion from the array of key assemblies.4. The row of interconnected key assemblies of claim 2 , wherein the breakaway feature comprises one or more of:a perforation;a score; ora channel.5. The row of interconnected key assemblies of claim 1 , wherein for at least one key assembly of the array of key ...

CONNECTOR SYSTEM IMPEDANCE MATCHING

Connector inserts and receptacles that provide signal paths having desired impedance characteristics. One example may provide a connector system having a connector insert and a connector receptacle. Contacts in the connector insert may form signal paths with corresponding contacts in the connector receptacle. Additional traces in the connector insert and receptacle may be part of these signal paths. The signal paths may have a target or a desired impedance along their lengths such that the power paths electrically appear as transmission lines. Constraints on physical dimensions of the connector insert and connector receptacle contacts may result in variations in impedance along the signal paths. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may provide structures to reduce these variations, to compensate for these variations, or a combination thereof. 1. An electronic device comprising:a first circuit for receiving a first plurality of signals via a first plurality of contacts of a connector; anda second circuit for receiving a second plurality of signals via the first plurality of contacts of a universal serial bus type-C connector, wherein the first plurality of signals and the second plurality of signals are received via the same N contacts of the universal serial bus type-C connector, where N is greater than two,wherein the second plurality of signals comprises N−1 pseudo differential signals.2. The electronic device of wherein the first plurality of signals are low-speed signals.3. The electronic device of wherein the universal serial bus type-C connector is a connector insert.4. The electronic device of wherein the N contacts comprise low-speed data contacts.5. The electronic device of wherein N is equal to four.6. The electronic device of wherein the N contacts comprise two low-speed data contacts claim 5 , a contact detect contact claim 5 , and a power supply contact.7. The electronic device of wherein the second circuit comprises a first switch and a ...

Multiple-input-multiple-output sensor designs for magnetic applications

According to one embodiment, a system includes a leading magnetic shield, a first sensor structure above the leading magnetic shield, a first middle magnetic shield above the first sensor structure, a nonmagnetic spacer above the first middle magnetic shield, a second middle magnetic shield above the nonmagnetic spacer, a second sensor structure above the second middle magnetic shield, and a trailing magnetic shield above the second sensor structure. Other systems, methods, and computer program products are described in additional embodiments.

CAPPING MATERIALS FOR MAGNETIC READ HEAD SENSOR

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a magnetic head having a sensor structure comprising a pinned layer, a spacer layer, a free layer and a capping structure. The free layer has a topmost layer comprising CoB and the capping structure comprises an X layer, where X is an element such as Hf, Zr, Ti, V, Nb, or Ta. 1. A magnetic head , comprising:a first shield layer; a pinned layer disposed over the first shield layer;', 'a spacer layer disposed over the pinned layer;', 'a free layer disposed over the spacer layer, wherein the free layer comprises at least two layers and the topmost layer comprises CoB; and', 'a capping structure disposed on the free layer, wherein the capping structure comprises an X layer disposed over the free layer, wherein X comprises an element selected from the group consisting of Hf, Zr, Ti, V, and Nb;, 'a sensor structure disposed over a first portion of the first shield layer, wherein the sensor structure has sidewalls and the sensor structure comprisesa bias layer disposed over a second portion of the first shield layer and over the sidewalls of the sensor structure; anda second shield layer disposed over the bias layer and the sensor structure.2. The magnetic head of claim 1 , wherein the free layer has a negative magnetostriction.3. The magnetic head of claim 1 , wherein the free layer comprises a first magnetic layer and a second magnetic layer.4. The magnetic head of claim 3 , wherein the free layer has a thickness of about 50 Angstroms.5. The magnetic head of claim 4 , wherein the first magnetic layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Co claim 4 , Fe claim 4 , and combinations thereof.6. The magnetic head of claim 5 , wherein the second magnetic layer comprises CoB.7. The magnetic head of claim 6 , further comprising an intermixing layer disposed between the free layer and the capping structure claim 6 , wherein the intermixing layer comprises CoX and has a thickness ranging from about 4 ...

LOW-TRAVEL ILLUMINATED KEY MECHANISM

Embodiments are directed to a low profile key for a keyboard having an overmolded support structure. In one aspect, an embodiment includes a key cap having an illuminable symbol. A support structure having a pair of overmolded wings may pivotally couple to the key cap. A switch housing may surround the support structure and connect each of the first and second wings. A tactile dome may be at least partially positioned within the switch housing and configured to bias the key cap upward. A sensing membrane may be positioned along an underside surface of the tactile dome and configured to trigger a switch event in response to a collapsing of the tactile dome caused by a depression of the key cap. A feature plate may be positioned below the sensing membrane. A light guide panel may define at least one light extraction feature that may be configured to propagate light toward the key cap and cause illumination of the illuminable symbol. 1. A key for a keyboard , comprising:a key cap;a tactile switch; a hinge formed from an elastically deformable material;', 'a first wing molded over a first end of the hinge and comprising a first protrusion; and', 'a second wing molded over a second end of the hinge and comprising a second protrusion;, 'a support structure supporting the key cap above the tactile switch and comprising a first retention feature configured to receive the first protrusion; and', 'a second retention feature configured to receive the second protrusion; and, 'a switch housing positioned within a cavity defined by the first and the second wings, the switch housing least partially surrounding the tactile switch and defininga light guide positioned below the switch housing and configured to illuminate a symbol on the key cap; wherein rotation of the first protrusion within the first retention feature; and', 'rotation and translation of the second protrusion within the second retention feature., 'depression of the key cap causes2. The key of claim 1 , wherein:the ...

INGRESS PREVENTION FOR KEYBOARDS

Keyboards include mechanisms that prevent and/or alleviate contaminant ingress. In some embodiments, a keyboard assembly includes a substrate, a key cap, a movement mechanism moveably coupling the key cap to the substrate, and a guard structure coupled to the key cap operable to direct contaminants away from the movement mechanism. In other embodiments, a keyboard includes a base; a web that defines apertures; keys moveably coupled to the base within the apertures; and a gasket coupled to the keys, the gasket fixed between the web and the base, operable to block passage of contaminants into the apertures. 18-. (canceled)9. A keyboard assembly , comprising:a base;a key cap;a movement mechanism moveably coupling the key cap to the base; anda guard structure extending from the key cap that funnels contaminants away from the movement mechanism.10. The keyboard assembly of claim 9 , wherein the base defines a cavity and the guard structure funnels the contaminants into the cavity.11. The keyboard assembly of claim 9 , wherein the guard structure surrounds the key cap.12. The keyboard assembly of claim 9 , wherein the guard structure:is rigid;is separated from the base when the key cap is in an undepressed position;includes a mouth positioned over a hole in the base; andmoves with the key cap.13. The keyboard assembly of claim 12 , wherein the guard structure does not contact the base when the key cap is in a depressed position.14. A keyboard claim 12 , comprising:a base;a web that defines a set of apertures;a key of a set of keys moveably coupled to the base and positioned within a respective aperture of the set of apertures; and a raised portion positioned between an inner key cap and an outer key cap of the key the keys; and', 'an unraised portion fixed between the web and the base, the gasket operable to block passage of contaminants into the apertures., 'a gasket comprising15. The keyboard of claim 14 , wherein the gasket comprises a layer of fabric and a layer of ...

FILM-BASED HOUSING AND SWITCH FOR KEYBOARD ASSEMBLY

A switch assembly includes a switch body defining a switch opening, a dome switch positioned in the switch opening, a film attached to a surface of the switch body and covering the switch opening, and a protrusion extending from the film in an area above the switch opening. The protrusion is configured to transfer a force from a keycap of a key to the dome switch when the keycap is depressed. The dome switch may include an upper dome below the film and a lower dome below the upper dome. 1. A switch assembly , comprising:a switch body defining a switch opening;a dome switch positioned in the switch opening;a film attached to the switch body and covering the switch opening; anda protrusion extending from the film in an area above the switch opening; whereinthe protrusion is configured to transfer a force from a keycap of a key to the dome switch when the keycap is depressed.2. The switch assembly of claim 1 , wherein: a keyboard base; and', 'a group of keycaps movably supported relative to the keyboard base, wherein the keycap is one of the group of keycaps;, 'the switch assembly is one of a group of switch assemblies of a keyboard, the keyboard comprisingeach respective switch assembly of the group of switch assemblies is coupled to the keyboard base and is positioned under a respective keycap of the group of keycaps.3. The switch assembly of claim 2 , wherein:the switch body is configured to receive light from a light source;the switch body transmits the light to the film; andthe film disperses the light toward the respective keycap of the keyboard.4. The switch assembly of claim 3 , wherein the film is substantially light transmissive for light received from below the film from the switch body and substantially reflective for light received from above the film.5. The switch assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a support mechanism movably supporting the keycap relative to the keyboard base.6. The switch assembly of claim 1 , wherein:the film is formed from an ...

Film-based housing and switch for keyboard assembly

A switch assembly includes a switch body defining a switch opening, a dome switch positioned in the switch opening, a film attached to a surface of the switch body and covering the switch opening, and a protrusion extending from the film in an area above the switch opening. The protrusion is configured to transfer a force from a keycap of a key to the dome switch when the keycap is depressed. The dome switch may include an upper dome below the film and a lower dome below the upper dome.

SIMPLIFIED CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HOUSINGS

Structures, methods, and apparatus that provide connector receptacles that have a reduced tendency to scratch and otherwise mar connector inserts, have an aesthetically-pleasing appearance, and have an improved tactile response when inserts are inserted. Various examples reduce scratches and wear by utilizing domes, cylinders, balls, or other structures as finger contacts in a connector receptacle. Another example provides aesthetically-pleasing connector receptacle enclosures by forming receptacle enclosures using the same type of material, or material having the same or similar color or texture, as is used for enclosing the electronic device that includes the receptacle. Another example provides an aesthetically-pleasing receptacle enclosure by forming receptacle enclosures that are, in part or in whole, contiguous or formed with the housing. Another embodiment provides a connector receptacle having a housing where a portion of the housing has been removed to save space. 1. An electronic device comprising:an enclosure to house electronic components of the electronic device;a recess to form a connector receptacle and including a sidewall extending from a surface of the enclosure into the electronic device, the sidewall terminating in a bottom surface, the sidewall formed with and as part of the enclosure; anda plurality of contacts located in the recess.2. The electronic device of further comprising a raised portion on the bottom surface.3. The electronic device of wherein the contacts are located on the raised portion.4. The electronic device of further comprising a tongue extending from the bottom surface.5. The electronic device of wherein the tongue is formed with the housing and the device enclosure.6. The electronic device of wherein the plurality of contacts are located on the tongue.7. The electronic device of wherein the contacts are formed of one of the group consisting of aluminum claim 1 , steel claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , spring steel claim 1 , ...

KEYLESS KEYBOARD WITH FORCE SENSING AND HAPTIC FEEDBACK

An input device for an electronic device includes an enclosure and a top member defining an input surface having multiple differentiated input regions. The input device further includes a first force sensing system associated with a first area of the top member and including a first group of the differentiated input regions, and a second force sensing system associated with a second area of the top member and including a second group of the differentiated input regions. The input device further includes a touch sensing system configured to determine which input region from the first group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the first force input and to determine which input region from the second group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the second force input. 1. An input device for an electronic device , comprising:an enclosure;a top member coupled to the enclosure and defining an input surface having multiple differentiated input regions;a first force sensing system associated with a first area of the top member, the first area including a first group of the differentiated input regions and the first force sensing system configured to determine a first force associated with a first force input applied within the first area;a second force sensing system associated with a second area of the top member, the second area including a second group of the differentiated input regions and the second force sensing system configured to determine a second force associated with a second force input applied within the second area; anda touch sensing system configured to determine which input region from the first group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the first force input and to determine which input region from the second group of the differentiated input regions corresponds to the second force input.2. The input device of claim 1 , wherein:the multiple differentiated input regions correspond to keys of a keyboard;the multiple ...

HAPTIC STRUCTURE FOR PROVIDING LOCALIZED HAPTIC OUTPUT

Disclosed herein are structures, devices, methods and systems for providing haptic output on an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device includes an actuator configured to move in a first direction. The electronic device also includes a substrate coupled to the actuator. When the actuator moves in the first direction, the substrate or a portion of the substrate, by virtue of being coupled to the actuator, moves in a second direction. In some implementations, the movement of the substrate is perpendicular to the movement of the actuator. 1. An electronic device , comprising:an input surface; a substrate defining a beam structure;', 'a spacer coupled to a first side of the beam structure; and', 'a piezoelectric element coupled to a second side of the beam structure; wherein', 'the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect the beam structure in a first direction to provide a first haptic output in response to a first input signal applied to the piezoelectric element; and', 'the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect the beam structure in a second direction to provide a second haptic output in response to a second input signal applied to the piezoelectric element., 'a haptic structure operably connected to the input surface and comprising2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:the surface is a touch-sensitive display;the beam structure is formed from the substrate by a pair of parallel apertures;the spacer couples the substrate to the touch-sensitive display;the touch-sensitive display deflects in the first direction when the beam structure deflects in the first direction;the touch-sensitive display deflects in the second direction when the beam structure deflects in the second direction;the touch-sensitive display transmits the first haptic output when it deflects in the first direction;the touch-sensitive display transmits the second haptic output when it deflects in the second direction.3. The electronic device of claim 2 , ...

PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES FOR CONNECTOR CONTACTS

Connector receptacles having protective structures for connector contacts. One example may provide a connector receptacle having one or more contacts that are reinforced with a protective piece around a portion of the contact. Another example may provide a connector receptacle having two or more contacts reinforced with adjacent protective pieces to provide additional protective reinforcement. Another example may provide a connector receptacle having two or more contacts reinforced with interlocking protective pieces. These protective pieces may protect contacts in a connector receptacle from damage when a device, module, or connector insert is inserted into the connector receptacle at an oblique angle, when a device, module, or insert is stressed while in the receptacle, or when a device, module, or insert is removed from the receptacle at an oblique angle. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a first contact;a first piece around a portion of the first contact such that a contacting portion of the first contact is exposed;a second contact; anda second piece around a portion of the second contact such that a contacting portion of the second contact is exposed,wherein the first piece and the second piece are interlocking.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the first contact is conductive and the first piece is nonconductive.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the first piece is formed of plastic.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the second piece has a lengthwise tab that fits in a lengthwise in the first piece such that the first piece and the second piece are interlocking.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the first piece and the second piece are located in a single opening in an opening in the bottom surface of the housing.6. The connector receptacle of wherein the connector receptacle is a receptacle for a secure digital card.7. The connector receptacle of wherein the connector receptacle is a receptacle for a secure digital ultra-high-speed II card ...

CONNECTOR RECEPTALE HAVING GOOD SIGNAL INTEGRITY

Connector receptacles that have good signal integrity, are reduced in size, are reliable and durable, and are easy to assemble. One example may provide a connector receptacle having several ground connections to improve signal integrity and quality. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a housing having a front side opening and two side openings;a top row of contacts in a top side of the housing near the front side opening;a bottom row of contacts in a bottom side of the housing near the front side opening;a ground contact between the top row of contacts and the bottom row of contacts;two side ground contacts, one on each side of the housing, each having a contact portion exposed at a side opening of the housing; anda shield substantially around the housing, wherein the housing has a front guide portion defining the front side opening and extending forward beyond the shield, the shield comprising a plurality of extensions extending from a front edge of the shield and folded to fit in openings in the front guide portion of the housing.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground contact between the top row of contacts and the bottom row of contacts is arranged to electrically connect to a front edge of a connector insert when the connector insert is inserted into the connector receptacle.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the plurality of extensions form ground contacts to mate with a ground ring on a connector insert when the connector insert is inserted into the connector receptacle.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the shield further comprises a top shield portion having openings claim 1 , each opening located over a contact in the top row of contacts.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the shield further comprises a bottom shield portion having openings claim 4 , each opening located over a contact in the bottom row of contacts.6. The connector receptacle of further comprising a first layer of insulating material and a first layer of metallic foil ...

MAGNETIC CONNECTOR HAVING A UNITARY HOUSING

Power cables that include plug housings having an improved appearance as well as employ a halogen-free cable while providing adequate fire resistance. One example provides a power cable having cable plug with a substantially unitary body. Another example provides a power cable that is formed using halogen-free materials. To provide adequate fire protection, a strain relief formed using multiple materials is used. 1. A power cable assembly comprising:a cable plug comprising a unitary housing;a cable attached to the cable plug and having a halogen-free jacket; anda strain relief attached to the cable and having a first fire-resistant portion.2. The power cable assembly of wherein the unitary housing is formed using aluminum.3. The power cable assembly of wherein the unitary housing is substantially cylindrical.4. The power cable assembly of wherein the cable plug further comprises an attraction plate.5. The power cable assembly of wherein when the cable plug is inserted in a compatible connector receptacle claim 4 , magnetic field lines originate in a first magnet in the connector receptacle claim 4 , pass through the attraction plate claim 4 , and terminate in a second magnet in the connector receptacle.6. The power cable assembly of wherein the cable jacket is formed using a thermoplastic elastomer.7. The power cable assembly of wherein the first fire-resistant portion of the strain relief has a fire-resistance rating of Vo.8. The power cable assembly of wherein the first fire-resistant portion of the strain relief is formed using a polycarbonate.9. A cable plug comprising:a strain relief that allows passage of a cable;an assembly comprising a nonconductive insulative housing and power and ground conductors, the conductors terminating in a first and second contact, the first contact coupled to a center conductor of the cable and the second contact coupled to a braiding of the cable, the assembly further comprising passages, the passages connected to the conductors;a ...

Magnetic Recording Devices Having Negative Polarization Layer To Enhance Spin-Transfer Torque

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a magnetic recording head of a spintronic device, such as a write head of a data storage device, for example a magnetic media drive. In one example, a magnetic recording head includes a main pole, a trailing shield, and a spin torque layer (STL) between the main pole and the trailing shield. The magnetic recording head a first layer structure on the main pole, and the first layer structure includes a negative polarization layer. The magnetic recording head also includes a second layer structure disposed on the negative polarization layer and between the negative polarization layer and the STL. The negative polarization layer is an FeCr layer. The second layer structure includes a Cr layer disposed on the FeCr layer, and a Cu layer disposed on the Cr layer and between the Cr layer and the STL. 1. A magnetic recording head , comprising:a main pole;a trailing shield;a spin torque layer (STL) disposed between the main pole and the trailing shield; and [ a first layer disposed on the STL; and', 'a second layer disposed on the first layer; and, 'a first layer structure disposed on the STL, wherein the first layer structure comprises, 'a second layer structure disposed on the first layer structure, where the second layer structure comprises a negative polarization layer., 'a multilayer structure disposed between the STL and the trailing shield, the multilayer structure comprising2. The magnetic recording head of claim 1 , further comprising a spacer layer disposed between the main pole and the STL.3. The magnetic recording head of claim 1 , wherein the second layer structure comprises a ferromagnetic layer.4. The magnetic recording head of claim 3 , wherein the ferromagnetic layer is disposed on a Cu layer.5. The magnetic recording head of claim 1 , wherein the negative polarization layer comprises one or more of Fe claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , N claim 1 , Co claim 1 , or Gd.6. The magnetic recording head of claim 1 , wherein ...

SMART CHARGING SYSTEMS FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Embodiments describe a charging component for an electronic device that includes an interface surface comprising a portion of an external surface of a housing of the electronic device; a plurality of contacts positioned at the interface surface and exposed for making contact with contacts of a connector; one or more sensors for detecting a separation event; an inductor coil positioned proximate to the interface surface, wherein a central axis of the inductor coil is perpendicular to at least a portion of the interface surface; and a processor coupled to the inductor coil and the one or more sensors, wherein the processor is configured to change an operation of the inductor coil based at least in part on a measurement from the one or more sensors 1. A charging component for an electronic device , comprising:an interface surface comprising a portion of an external surface of a housing of the electronic device;a plurality of contacts positioned at the interface surface and exposed for making contact with contacts of a connector;one or more sensors for detecting a separation event;an inductor coil positioned proximate to the interface surface, wherein a central axis of the inductor coil is perpendicular to at least a portion of the interface surface; anda processor coupled to the inductor coil and the one or more sensors, wherein the processor is configured to change an operation of the inductor coil based at least in part on a measurement from the one or more sensors.2. The charging component of claim 1 , wherein the central axis intersects at least a portion of the interface surface.3. The charging component of claim 1 , further comprising a magnetic element disposed within the housing of the electronic device and proximate to the interface surface.4. The charging component of claim 3 , wherein the inductor coil is wound around at least a portion of the magnetic element and configured to generate a magnetic field through the magnetic element to define a magnetic ...

SIMPLIFIED CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HOUSINGS

Structures, methods, and apparatus that provide connector receptacles that have a reduced tendency to scratch and otherwise mar connector inserts, have an aesthetically-pleasing appearance, and have an improved tactile response when inserts are inserted. Various examples reduce scratches and wear by utilizing domes, cylinders, balls, or other structures as finger contacts in a connector receptacle. Another example provides aesthetically-pleasing connector receptacle enclosures by forming receptacle enclosures using the same type of material, or material having the same or similar color or texture, as is used for enclosing the electronic device that includes the receptacle. Another example provides an aesthetically-pleasing receptacle enclosure by forming receptacle enclosures that are, in part or in whole, contiguous or formed with the housing. Another embodiment provides a connector receptacle having a housing where a portion of the housing has been removed to save space. 120-. (canceled)21. An electronic device comprising:a device enclosure to house electronic components of the electronic device; and a bottom surface; and', 'a sidewall portion defining the opening and integrally formed with the device enclosure, the sidewall portion extending from the exterior surface of the device enclosure into the electronic device to the bottom surface; and, 'a receptacle connector having an opening at an exterior surface of the device enclosure sized and shaped to accept a corresponding connector, the receptacle connector having a recess comprisinga plurality of contacts located in the recess.22. The electronic device of further comprising a tongue extending from the bottom surface.23. The electronic device of wherein the plurality of contacts are located on the tongue.24. The electronic device of wherein the bottom surface is integrally formed with the device enclosure.25. The electronic device of wherein the contacts are formed of one of the group consisting of aluminum ...

CONNECTOR INSERTS AND RECEPTACLE TONGUES FORMED USING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

Connector inserts and other structures that have a high signal integrity and low insertion loss, are reliable, and are readily manufactured. One example may provide a connector insert formed primarily using a printed circuit board. Contacts on the connector insert may be akin to contacts on a printed circuit board and they may connect to traces having matched impedances on the printed circuit board in order to improve signal integrity and reduce insertion loss. The printed circuit board may be manufactured in a manner for increased reliability. Plating, solder block, and other manufacturing steps that are native to printed circuit board manufacturing may be employed to improve manufacturability. Specialized tools that may provide a chamfered edge on the connector inserts may be employed. 1. A connector insert comprising:a printed circuit board having a top, bottom, and side;one or more electronic devices placed on the printed circuit board;a plurality of first contacts formed on the top side of the printed circuit board; anda plurality of traces routed in the printed circuit board to couple the plurality of first contacts to the one or more electronic devices,wherein the connector insert is shaped to fit in a corresponding connector receptacle and the plurality of first contacts are arranged to mate with a corresponding plurality of contacts in the connector receptacle.2. The connector insert of further comprising:a plurality of second contacts formed on the bottom side of the printed circuit board.3. The connector insert of wherein the plurality of traces are routed on one or more layers in the printed circuit board.4. The connector insert of wherein at least two of the plurality of traces have a matched impedance.5. The connector insert of further comprising a ground ring around the plurality of first contacts.6. The connector insert of further comprising a solder mask area between the plurality of first contacts the ground ring.7. The connector insert of further ...

Ultrasound Transmitter

A circuit for driving ultrasound transducers uses a sample-and-hold circuit to sample multiple sample periods of a transducer driving waveform, and uses the samples to modify drive parameters. Use of multiple sample periods enables independent measurement and adjustment of different portions of the transducer driving waveform to ensure mirror symmetry. 120-. (canceled)21. A circuit , comprising:a voltage driver having a pull-up PMOS and a pull-down NMOS producing a voltage waveform conveyed to an ultrasound transducer;a sample-and-hold circuit having an input and an output, the voltage waveform coupled to the input of the sample-and-hold circuit comprising a switched-capacitor;an analog to digital converter (ADC) coupled to an output of the sample-and-hold circuit; anda controller using the output of the ADC to modify control of the voltage driver.22. The circuit of claim 21 , where a sampling interval for the sample-and-hold circuit is less than a cycle time of the voltage waveform.23. The circuit of claim 22 , where a first sampling interval includes a portion of an upright voltage waveform and a second sampling interval includes a corresponding portion of an inverted voltage waveform.24. The circuit of claim 21 , further comprising:an integrator having an input and an output, the input of the integrator coupled to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit, and the output of the integrator coupled to the controller.25. The driver circuit of claim 24 , further comprising:the integrator integrating the output of the sample-and-hold circuit over a plurality of cycles of the voltage waveform.26. The circuit of claim 21 , further comprising:an analog-to-digital converter having an input and an output, the input of the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the output of the sample-and-hold circuit, and the output of the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the controller.27. The circuit of claim 26 , where the analog-to-digital converter is a one-bit analog-to- ...

CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HAVING A TONGUE

Connector systems may include a connector receptacle and connector plug or insert. The connector receptacle may include a tongue. The tongue may be formed using a printed circuit board. Contacts may be plated on top and bottom surfaces of the tongue. Retention features may also be located on top and bottom surfaces of tongue. These retention features may be speed bumps or other features. The connector insert may include a leading edge portion formed of plastic, a conductive shield around the insert behind the leasing edge portion, a plurality of spring contacts attached to an inside of the conductive shield, a top row of contacts; and a bottom row of contacts. Other connector receptacles may include a tongue having side ground contacts. The side ground contacts may engage an inside of a plug shield and have contacting portion to fit in openings in the plug shield. 120-. (canceled)21. An electronic device comprising:a connector receptacle having a front opening and comprising:a tongue;a first plurality of contacts having contacting areas on a top side of the tongue;a first isolation region around the contacting areas of the first plurality of contacts;a second plurality of contacts having contacting areas on a bottom side of the tongue;a second isolation region around the contacting areas of the second plurality of contacts;a ground ring around the first isolation region and the second isolation region; anda rear wall portion around the tongue such that the first isolation region is between the rear wall portion and the front opening of the connector receptacle,wherein each of the first plurality of contacts and the second plurality of contacts extend from the contacting areas through the rear wall portion to a contact tail.22. The electronic device of further comprising a post attached to the tongue for mounting the connector receptacle to a main-logic board.23. The electronic device of further comprising a ground tab to provide a ground path from the ground ring to ...

ILLUMINATED PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS FOR CONNECTORS

Connectors that may provide illumination at an opening in order to facilitate the mating to a corresponding connector by a user. The illumination may be generated on a tongue of a connector insert or in a connector receptacle. For connector receptacles, illumination may be guided to illuminate an opening of the connector receptacle, it may be guided out of a front edge of a tongue in the connector receptacle, or it may be guided in other directions. For connector inserts, illumination may be out of a front edge or sides of a tongue in the connector insert, or it may be guided in other directions. The illumination may be colored or patterned to convey information to a user. Other examples may include a connector system having a connector insert with a light guide to provide illumination from a connector receptacle to an opening in the connector insert where it may be viewed by a user. In other examples, other types of data, such as authentication or identification data, may be optically transmitted either to or through a connector insert inserted in the connector receptacle. 1. A tongue for a connector , the tongue comprising:a light-emitting diode on the tongue; anda plurality of contacts on the tongue,wherein the tongue forms a light guide from the light-emitting diode to a front edge of the tongue.2. The tongue for a connector of wherein the tongue further comprises a recess claim 1 , the light-emitting diode in the recess.3. The tongue for a connector of wherein the plurality of contacts are formed between the front edge of the tongue and the recess.4. The tongue for a connector of wherein the tongue is formed as a portion of a printed circuit board.5. The tongue for a connector of wherein the portion of the printed circuit board is formed of epoxy.6. The tongue for a connector of wherein the portion of the printed circuit board comprises a plurality of glass fibers aligned to guide light from the light-emitting diode to the front edge of the tongue.7. The tongue ...

Display apparatus and color-calibration method thereof

A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes: a display panel, a non-volatile memory, and a controller. The controller is configured to adjust first gain values of the display panel, and obtain two-dimensional color coordinates in a first predetermined color space of the white screen displayed by the display apparatus as white-color coordinates. The controller further adjusts colors displayed by the display apparatus to fit a second predetermined color space, calculates second gain values in the second predetermined color space according to the white-color coordinates, and stores the second gain values in a color-calibration setting in a non-volatile memory of the display apparatus. In response to a selection signal from the display apparatus, the controller reads the color-calibration setting corresponding to the selection signal from the non-volatile memory for execution to perform color calibration on the display apparatus.

CONTROLLING MAGNETIC LAYER ANISOTROPY FIELD BY OBLIQUE ANGLE STATIC DEPOSITION

In one general embodiment, a system includes a magnetic layer having first and second magnetic sublayers. An anisotropy of the first magnetic sublayer is oriented in a different direction than an anisotropy of the second magnetic sublayer. In another general embodiment, a magnetic head includes a magnetic layer having first and second magnetic sublayers directly adjacent one another. A deposition thickness of the magnetic layer is less than 60 angstroms. An interface between the magnetic sublayers is oriented at an angle of greater than 2 degrees and less than 88 degrees relative to a plane of deposition thereof. The magnetic layer includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, CoFe, CoFeB, CoHf and NiFe.

Keyboard with Touch Sensor and Illumination

A keyboard may be provided that has keys overlapped by a touch sensor. The keyboard may have key sensor circuitry for monitoring switching in the keys for key press input. The keyboard may also have touch sensor circuitry such as capacitive touch sensor circuitry that monitors capacitive electrodes in the touch sensor for touch sensor input such as multitouch gesture input. The keyboard may include an outer layer of fabric that overlaps the keys. The fabric may have openings that are arranged to form alphanumeric characters. Light sources may emit light that passes through the openings and illuminates the alphanumeric characters. The touch sensor may have signal lines that are not visible through the openings. The signal lines may be transparent, may be covered by a diffuser, or may circumvent the openings so that they do not overlap. 1. An electronic device comprising:a substrate;an array of keys, wherein each key in the array of keys has a switch mounted on the substrate and a movable key member that overlaps the switch;a touch sensor layer interposed between the movable key members and the substrate; anda light source mounted to the substrate, wherein the light source illuminates the movable key members.2. The electronic device defined in wherein the touch sensor layer comprises conductive traces formed on a flexible substrate.3. The electronic device defined in wherein the flexible substrate comprises fabric.4. The electronic device defined in wherein the touch sensor layer has an array of perforations through which light from the light source passes.5. The electronic device defined in wherein the perforations pass though the conductive traces.6. The electronic device defined in wherein the touch sensor layer comprises rigid regions and flexible regions.7. The electronic device defined in claim 6 , wherein the rigid regions are overlapped by the movable key members and include transparent conductive traces and wherein the flexible regions comprise non- ...

Magnetic tunnel junction (mtj) free layer damping reduction

In one embodiment, a system includes a sensor, the sensor having a free layer, a ferromagnetic spin sink layer spaced from the free layer, the spin sink layer being operative to reduce a spin-induced damping in the free layer during operation of the sensor, and a nonmagnetic spacer layer positioned between the free layer and the spin sink layer, the spacer layer having a long spin-diffusion length.

GROUND CONTACTS FOR REDUCED-LENGTH CONNECTOR INSERTS

Connector inserts having a high signal integrity and low insertion loss by shielding signal contacts. One example may provide one or more ground contacts between a front opening and signal pins of a connector insert. These ground contacts may have sufficient lever arm to provide a good contact to a corresponding contact in a connector receptacle. To avoid excessive length in the connector insert, embodiments of the present invention may stack a portion of the ground contact above the signal contacts in the connector insert. To reduce excessive capacitance that would otherwise reduce signal impedance, one or more openings may be formed in the ground contacts. To prevent signal contacts from shorting to a shield through this opening, the opening may be covered by tape. The ground contacts may be positioned to avoid encountering power contacts in the receptacle when the insert is inserted into the receptacle. 1. A connector insert comprising:a housing supporting a plurality of signal pins;a shield around at least a front portion of the housing; anda ground piece between the housing and the shield, the ground piece comprising at least one ground contact, the ground contact between a front of the connector insert and the plurality of signal pins.2. The connector insert of wherein the signal pins comprise pins for conveying signals claim 1 , power claim 1 , and ground.3. The connector insert of wherein the ground piece includes a center opening.4. The connector insert of wherein the center opening is located over the plurality of signal pins.5. The connector insert of wherein the center opening is at least substantially covered by an insulating layer.6. The connector insert of wherein the ground contact is arranged to engage a ground contact on a top side of a tongue of the connector receptacle.7. The connector insert of wherein the ground piece further comprises at least one tab near the ground contact claim 6 , the tab to electrically connect to the shield.8. The ...

Connector receptacle having a tongue

Connector systems may include a connector receptacle and connector plug or insert. The connector receptacle may include a tongue. The tongue may be formed using a printed circuit board. Contacts may be plated on top and bottom surfaces of the tongue. Retention features may also be located on top and bottom surfaces of tongue. These retention features may be speed bumps or other features. The connector insert may include a leading edge portion formed of plastic, a conductive shield around the insert behind the leasing edge portion, a plurality of spring contacts attached to an inside of the conductive shield, a top row of contacts; and a bottom row of contacts. Other connector receptacles may include a tongue having side ground contacts. The side ground contacts may engage an inside of a plug shield and have contacting portion to fit in openings in the plug shield.

LOW-TRAVEL ILLUMINATED KEY MECHANISM

Embodiments are directed to a low profile key for a keyboard having an overmolded support structure. In one aspect, an embodiment includes a key cap having an illuminable symbol. A support structure having a pair of overmolded wings may pivotally couple to the key cap. A switch housing may surround the support structure and connect each of the first and second wings. A tactile dome may be at least partially positioned within the switch housing and configured to bias the key cap upward. A sensing membrane may be positioned along an underside surface of the tactile dome and configured to trigger a switch event in response to a collapsing of the tactile dome caused by a depression of the key cap. A feature plate may be positioned below the sensing membrane. A light guide panel may define at least one light extraction feature that may be configured to propagate light toward the key cap and cause illumination of the illuminable symbol. 1. A key for a keyboard , comprising:a key cap;a tactile dome;a support structure supporting the key cap above the tactile dome; a first layer;', 'a second layer; and', 'a spacer positioned between the first layer and the second layer, the spacer including an opening that defines a first cavity between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first layer of the sensing membrane is configured to collapse into the opening and contact the second layer of the sensing membrane when the key cap is in a depressed state;, 'a sensing membrane positioned below the tactile dome, the sensing membrane comprisinga feature plate; anda switch housing positioned within a second cavity defined by the support structure.2. The key of claim 1 , wherein:the first layer of the sensing membrane includes a first electrical contact;the second layer of the sensing membrane includes a second electrical contact; andthe first electrical contact is movable into contact with the second electrical contact when the key cap is in the depressed state.3. The key of ...

CONNECTOR RECEPTACLE HAVING A SHIELD

Connector systems may include a connector receptacle and connector plug or insert. The connector receptacle may include a tongue. A first plurality of contacts may be formed on a top surface of the tongue. A first ground pad may be located on a top surface of tongue, and a shield may be formed around the tongue. The connector insert may include a housing and a conductive shield around the housing behind a leading edge of the connector insert. A front edge of the shield may be folded into an opening at the leading edge. In other examples, the receptacle shield may include one or more fingers. These fingers may contact the connector insert shield to form a ground path. One or more of these fingers may engage openings in the insert shield to provide a retention force between the connector insert and receptacle. 1. An electronic device comprising:a receptacle comprising:a tongue;a first plurality of contacts formed on a top surface of the tongue;a first ground pad located on a top surface of the tongue;a shield formed around the tongue; anda bracket around a portion of the tongue and arranged to support the shield.2. The electronic device of wherein the first ground pad is a ground pad in a first plurality of ground pads on the top surface of the tongue.3. The electronic device of further comprising:a second ground pad formed on a bottom surface of the tongue.4. The electronic device of further comprising:a second plurality of contacts formed on a bottom surface of the tongue.5. The electronic device of wherein the tongue has notches in each of a left and right side to engage a spring in a connector insert when the connector insert is mated to the connector receptacle.6. The electronic device of wherein the second ground pad is one of a second plurality of ground pads on a bottom of the tongue.7. A connector insert comprising:a housing;a conductive shield around the housing behind a leading edge of the connector insert, the shield having a front edge folded into an ...

RECESSED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC DESIGN WITH ANTIPARALLEL PINNED STITCH LAYERS FOR IMPROVED PINNING FIELD

In one general embodiment, a device includes an antiferromagnetic layer; a first stitch layer exchange coupled with the antiferromagnetic layer, the first stitch layer having a magnetic orientation substantially parallel to a magnetic orientation of the antiferromagnetic layer; a second stitch layer exchange coupled with the first stitch layer and having a magnetic orientation substantially antiparallel to the magnetic orientation of the first stitch layer; a pinned layer structure exchange coupled with the second stitch layer; a free layer; and a spacer layer between the free layer and the pinned layer structure. An end of the antiferromagnetic layer facing a sensing face of the device is recessed from the sensing face. 1. A device , comprising:an antiferromagnetic layer;a first stitch layer exchange coupled with the antiferromagnetic layer, the first stitch layer having a magnetic orientation substantially parallel to a magnetic orientation of the antiferromagnetic layer;a second stitch layer exchange coupled with the first stitch layer and having a magnetic orientation substantially antiparallel to the magnetic orientation of the first stitch layer;a pinned layer structure exchange coupled with the second stitch layer;a free layer; anda spacer layer between the free layer and the pinned layer structure,wherein an end of the antiferromagnetic layer facing a sensing face of the device is recessed from the sensing face.2. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein ends of the stitch layers facing the sensing face of the device are recessed from the sensing face.3. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the pinned layer structure includes at least two pinned layers sandwiching an antiparallel coupling layer.4. The device as recited in claim 3 , wherein the second stitch layer is exchange coupled with one of the pinned layers positioned farthest from the free layer.5. The device as recited in claim 4 , wherein the second stitch layer is positioned below the one of ...

Spring-Loaded Plug Insert And An Outdoor Shelter Including The Same

A spring-loaded plug insert for facilitating a fitting of a canopy over a frame member of an outdoor shelter is disclosed herein. The spring-loaded plug insert includes a base member defining a cavity, the base member configured to be inserted into an opening of the frame member of the outdoor shelter; a displaceable plug member slidably received within the cavity of the base member, the displaceable plug member including an end portion for attaching to the canopy of the outdoor shelter; and a spring member configured to bias the displaceable plug member in an extended position relative to the base member. The displaceable plug member is configured to be displaced by a user to a retracted position relative to the base member in order to facilitate the fitting of the canopy over the frame member of the outdoor shelter. An outdoor shelter including the spring-loaded plug insert also is disclosed. 1. A spring-loaded plug insert for facilitating a fitting of a canopy over a frame member of an outdoor shelter , the spring-loaded plug insert comprising:a base member defining a cavity, the base member configured to be inserted into an opening of the frame member of the outdoor shelter;a displaceable plug member slidably received within the cavity of the base member, the displaceable plug member including an end portion for attaching to the canopy of the outdoor shelter; anda spring member configured to bias the displaceable plug member in an extended position relative to the base member;wherein the displaceable plug member is configured to be displaced by a user to a retracted position relative to the base member in order to facilitate the fitting of the canopy over the frame member of the outdoor shelter.2. The spring-loaded plug insert according to claim 1 , wherein the base member further comprises a base wall and a plurality of side walls extending outwardly from the base wall claim 1 , at least one of the plurality of side walls comprising one or more rib members for ...

USB3 CONNECTOR

Connector receptacles that are simple to assemble, provide a good ground contact path, avoid marring of both inserts and receptacles, and can be arranged to fit in a device enclosure. These receptacles may include a subassembly that is inserted into a hollow tongue. The subassembly may include a first number of contacts that are insert molded in a housing, as well as a second number of contacts. The tongue may further include ground contacts on its sides and top. The tongue may cover edges of at least some contacts to prevent marring of both the connector receptacle and connector insert. The shell of the connector receptacle may be formed around a portion of the connector receptacle to assist in fitting the receptacle in a device enclosure. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a connector receptacle housing, the connector receptacle housing having a tongue, the tongue being substantially hollow; a first plurality of contacts;', 'an insert molded housing around at least a portion of the first plurality of contacts; and', 'a second plurality of contacts attached to the housing;, 'a subassembly located in the hollow tongue, the subassembly comprisinga first ground contact aligned with a first side opening on a first side of the tongue; anda second ground contact aligned with a second side opening on a second side of the tongue.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the tongue comprises a first plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the first plurality of contacts and a second plurality of openings on a bottom side of the tongue to provide access to the second plurality of contacts.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are between the second plurality of openings and a front of the tongue.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of openings are arranged such that edges of the first plurality of contacts are not exposed.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the first plurality of ...

CONTACT-SUPPORT MECHANISM FOR INCREASED RETENTION FORCE

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide audio jacks capable of providing a sufficient retention force to avoid some inadvertent extractions of an audio plug. Examples may also provide audio jacks that may be readily assembled. Other examples may provide other types of connectors. These audio jacks or other connectors may provide contact structures having one or more contacts, each having a contact support to increase contact retention force. Different materials may be used to form the contacts and the contact supports. In this way, contacts may be formed using a highly conductive material, while the contact supports may be formed of a material having good spring characteristics. While such a contact may not be able to provide an adequate retention force on its own, the use of a contact support may sufficiently increase the retention force to prevent accidental extractions of an audio plug or other connector. 1. An audio jack comprising:a housing having a passage to accept an audio plug, the passage having a front opening and a rear;a first retention contact near the rear of the passage, the first retention contact having a first contacting portion to deflect when the audio plug is inserted into the passage, wherein the first retention contact provides a retention force at the first contact portion, the retention force to maintain a position of the audio plug when the audio plug is inserted into the passage; anda first contact support located such that at least a portion of the first retention contact is between the first contact support and the passage, wherein the first contact support increases the retention force provided at the first contact portion of the first retention contact.2. The audio jack of wherein the first retention contact and the contact support are made of different materials.3. The audio jack of further comprising:a first switch contact having a first contacting portion to contact a second contacting portion of the first retention ...

MAGNETIC CONNECTOR HAVING A UNITARY HOUSING

Power cables that include plug housings having an improved appearance as well as employ a halogen-free cable while providing adequate fire resistance. One example provides a power cable having cable plug with a substantially unitary body. Another example provides a power cable that is formed using halogen-free materials. To provide adequate fire protection, a strain relief formed using multiple materials is used. 1. A power cable assembly comprising:a cable plug comprising a unitary housing;a cable attached to the cable plug and having a halogen-free jacket; anda strain relief attached to the cable and having a first fire-resistant portion.2. The power cable assembly of wherein the unitary housing is formed using aluminum.3. The power cable assembly of wherein the unitary housing is substantially cylindrical.4. The power cable assembly of wherein the cable plug further comprises an attraction plate.5. The power cable assembly of wherein when the cable plug is inserted in a compatible connector receptacle claim 4 , magnetic field lines originate in a first magnet in the connector receptacle claim 4 , pass through the attraction plate claim 4 , and terminate in a second magnet in the connector receptacle.6. The power cable assembly of wherein the cable jacket is formed using a thermoplastic elastomer.7. The power cable assembly of wherein the first fire-resistant portion of the strain relief has a fire-resistance rating of Vo.8. The power cable assembly of wherein the first fire-resistant portion of the strain relief is formed using a polycarbonate.9. A cable plug comprising:a strain relief that allows passage of a cable;an assembly comprising a nonconductive insulative housing and power and ground conductors, the conductors terminating in a first and second contact, the first contact coupled to a center conductor of the cable and the second contact coupled to a braiding of the cable, the assembly further comprising passages, the passages connected to the conductors;a ...

TOUCH-BASED INPUT DEVICE WITH HAPTIC FEEDBACK

An input device, such as a stylus, can include a piezoelectric device for providing haptic feedback and/or detecting user input. The piezoelectric device can be coupled to an inner surface of a housing of the stylus. The piezoelectric device can provide haptic feedback with a force to the housing when an electric voltage is applied to the piezoelectric device. The haptic feedback can provide information to the user relating operation of the stylus with an external device. The piezoelectric device can also produce an electric voltage when an input force is applied to an outer surface of the housing and transmitted to the piezoelectric device. The electric voltage can be used to detect tactile input from a user. 1. A stylus , comprising:a housing comprising a user grip region on an outer surface of the housing, wherein the housing extends continuously about a longitudinal axis of the stylus to define an outer periphery of the stylus; anda piezoelectric device positioned against an inner surface of the housing at the user grip region and forming a helical shape that winds at least once about the longitudinal axis;wherein the user grip region of the housing is deformable, such that an input force that deforms the user grip region of the housing is transmitted to the piezoelectric device to produce an input signal and such that haptic feedback provided by the piezoelectric device deforms the user grip region.2. The stylus of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the inner surface of the housing or at least a portion of an outer surface of the housing is flat.3. The stylus of claim 1 , further comprising a guidetube extending within the piezoelectric device claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric device and the guidetube are radially separated by an annular gap.4. The stylus of claim 1 , further comprising an additional piezoelectric device claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric device and the additional piezoelectric device are disposed at different circumferential locations ...

GROUND CONTACTS FOR REDUCED-LENGTH CONNECTOR INSERTS

Connector inserts having a high signal integrity and low insertion loss by shielding signal contacts. One example may provide one or more ground contacts between a front opening and signal pins of a connector insert. These ground contacts may have sufficient lever arm to provide a good contact to a corresponding contact in a connector receptacle. To avoid excessive length in the connector insert, embodiments of the present invention may stack a portion of the ground contact above the signal contacts in the connector insert. To reduce excessive capacitance that would otherwise reduce signal impedance, one or more openings may be formed in the ground contacts. To prevent signal contacts from shorting to a shield through this opening, the opening may be covered by tape. The ground contacts may be positioned to avoid encountering power contacts in the receptacle when the insert is inserted into the receptacle. 1. A connector insert comprising:a housing supporting a plurality of signal pins;a shield around at least a front portion of the housing; anda ground piece between the housing and the shield, the ground piece comprising at least one ground contact, the ground contact between a front of the connector insert and the plurality of signal pins.2. The connector insert of wherein the signal pins comprise pins for conveying signals claim 1 , power claim 1 , and ground.3. The connector insert of wherein the ground piece includes a center opening.4. The connector insert of wherein the center opening is located over the plurality of signal pins.5. The connector insert of wherein the center opening is at least substantially covered by an insulating layer.6. The connector insert of wherein the ground contact is arranged to engage a ground contact on a top side of a tongue of the connector receptacle.7. The connector insert of wherein the ground piece further comprises at least one tab near the ground contact claim 6 , the tab to electrically connect to the shield.8. The ...

ROBUST MAGNETIC CONNECTOR

Connector inserts and receptacles that are robust, easily manufactured, and provide an improved connector performance. One example may provide a connector receptacle having a power contact located in a ground surface. An insulating layer may be placed between the power contact and the ground surface. The ground surface may be curved or flat, or it may have other shapes. Another example may provide a robust connector insert. This connector insert may include a crimping piece that fits over a cable braiding and is crimped. The crimping piece may then be attached to an attraction plate. A cover or shell may be attached to provide further reinforcement. Another example may provide a connector system having a ground contact and a power contact, where the ground contact is a make-first-break-last contact. 1. A connector receptacle comprising:a plurality of magnets arranged at a face of the connector receptacle;a ground return at the face of the connector receptacle and covering the plurality of magnets;a power contact having a first end extending beyond the face of the connector receptacle and a second end extending behind the plurality of magnets; anda spring behind the power contact and fixed relative to the ground return.2. The connector receptacle of wherein the plurality of magnets comprises at least four magnets claim 1 , the at least four magnets arranged to have opposing polarities.3. The connector receptacle of wherein the plurality of magnets comprises three magnets claim 1 , the three magnets arranged to have opposing polarities.4. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return is formed as part of a shield around the connector receptacle.5. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return is curved.6. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return is substantially planar.7. The connector receptacle of wherein the ground return is formed of a material having a low magnetic conductivity.8. The connector receptacle of wherein the power contact ...

Haptic Structure for Providing Localized Haptic Output

Disclosed herein are structures, devices, methods and systems for providing haptic output on an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device includes an actuator configured to move in a first direction. The electronic device also includes a substrate coupled to the actuator. When the actuator moves in the first direction, the substrate or a portion of the substrate, by virtue of being coupled to the actuator, moves in a second direction. In some implementations, the movement of the substrate is perpendicular to the movement of the actuator. 120-. (canceled)22. The electronic device of claim 21 , wherein:the housing comprises a cover glass defining the input surface; andthe haptic mechanism is positioned beneath the cover glass.23. The electronic device of claim 22 , wherein the spacer couples the substrate to the cover glass.24. The electronic device of claim 21 , wherein the beam structure is formed from the substrate by a pair of elongated apertures that each extend through the substrate.25. The electronic device of claim 24 , wherein the key region is located above a portion of the substrate that is between the pair of elongated apertures.26. The electronic device of claim 21 , wherein the haptic mechanism is configured to detect the input at the key region of the input surface in response to a downward deflection of the beam structure caused by the input.27. The electronic device of claim 21 , wherein:the haptic output is a first haptic output that results from the beam structure being deflected in a first direction; andthe piezoelectric element is configured to deflect the beam structure in a second direction to provide a second haptic output along the input surface.28. The electronic device of claim 21 , wherein:the haptic mechanism is a first haptic mechanism;the key region is a first key region;the haptic output is a first haptic output; andthe electronic device further comprises a second haptic mechanism positioned beneath a second key ...

CONTACT-SUPPORT MECHANISM FOR INCREASED RETENTION FORCE

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide audio jacks capable of providing a sufficient retention force to avoid some inadvertent extractions of an audio plug. Examples may also provide audio jacks that may be readily assembled. Other examples may provide other types of connectors. These audio jacks or other connectors may provide contact structures having one or more contacts, each having a contact support to increase contact retention force. Different materials may be used to form the contacts and the contact supports. In this way, contacts may be formed using a highly conductive material, while the contact supports may be formed of a material having good spring characteristics. While such a contact may not be able to provide an adequate retention force on its own, the use of a contact support may sufficiently increase the retention force to prevent accidental extractions of an audio plug or other connector. 1. An audio jack comprising:a housing having a passage to accept an audio plug, the passage having a front opening and a rear;a first retention contact near the rear of the passage, the first retention contact having a first contacting portion to deflect when the audio plug is inserted into the passage, wherein the first retention contact provides a retention force at the first contact portion, the retention force to maintain a position of the audio plug when the audio plug is inserted into the passage; anda first contact support located such that at least a portion of the first retention contact is between the first contact support and the passage, wherein the first contact support increases the retention force provided at the first contact portion of the first retention contact.2. The audio jack of wherein the first retention contact and the contact support are made of different materials.3. The audio jack of further comprising:a first switch contact having a first contacting portion to contact a second contacting portion of the first retention ...