PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND ENERGY SYSTEM USING THE SAME

A photoelectrochemical cell ( 100 ) includes: a semiconductor electrode ( 120 ) including a substrate ( 121 ), a first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ) disposed on the substrate ( 121 ), and a second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) and a conductor ( 124 ) disposed apart from each other on the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ); a counter electrode ( 130 ) connected electrically to the conductor ( 124 ); an electrolyte ( 140 ) in contact with surfaces of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) and the counter electrode ( 130 ); and a container ( 110 ) accommodating the semiconductor electrode ( 120 ), the counter electrode ( 130 ) and the electrolyte ( 140 ). In the semiconductor electrode ( 120 ), relative to a vacuum level, (I) band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ), respectively, are higher than band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ), (II) a Fermi level of the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ) is higher than a Fermi level of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ), and (III) a Fermi level of the conductor ( 124 ) is higher than the Fermi level of the first n-type semiconductor layer ( 122 ). The photoelectrochemical cell ( 100 ) generates hydrogen by irradiation of the second n-type semiconductor layer ( 123 ) with light.

Catalyst, catalyst layer, membrane-electrode assembly, electrochemical device, and method for producing catalyst

A catalyst includes a mesoporous material and catalytic metal particles supported at least within the mesoporous material and containing platinum and a metal different from platinum. The mesoporous material has mesopores with a mode radius of 1 to 25 nm and a pore volume of 1.0 to 3.0 cm3/g before supporting of the catalytic metal particles, and has an average particle size of greater than or equal to 200 nm. A molar ratio of the metal different from platinum and contained in the catalytic metal particles relative to all metals contained in the catalytic metal particles is greater than or equal to 0.25, and among the catalytic metal particles, a volume ratio of catalytic metal particles having a particle size of greater than or equal to 20 nm is less than or equal to 10%.

ENERGY SYSTEM

An energy system includes an solar hydrogen producing unit () that produces hydrogen through decomposition of water by a photocatalytic effect, a fuel cell () that generates electricity by a reaction between the hydrogen produced by the solar hydrogen producing unit () and an oxidizing gas and discharges water as a reaction product, and a water distribution mechanism () that returns the water serving as the reaction product discharged from the fuel cell () to the solar hydrogen producing unit (). With the configuration, an energy system that suppresses an amount of external water supply to a low level to achieve good water balance can be provided. 1. An energy system comprising:a solar hydrogen producing unit that produces hydrogen through decomposition of water by a photocatalytic function;a fuel cell that generates electricity with a reaction between the hydrogen generated by the solar hydrogen producing unit and an oxidizing gas and discharges water as a reaction product; anda water distribution mechanism that returns water serving as the reaction product discharged from the fuel cell to the solar hydrogen producing unit,wherein the water distribution mechanism includes a water purifier that purifies water discharged from the fuel cell and a water supply unit that receives external water, causes the water purifier to purify water supplied from the water supply unit and water discharged from the fuel cell, and sends the purified water to the solar hydrogen producing unit.23-. (canceled)4. The energy system according to claim 1 , whereinthe solar hydrogen producing unit includes a water level sensor that detects an internal water level,the water level sensor sends a signal to a control unit when the water level decreases to a set value set in advance, andthe control unit causes the water supply unit to supply a predetermined amount of conducting water to the solar hydrogen producing unit upon receiving the signal.5. The energy system according to claim 4 , wherein ...

Method for producing NbON film

The NbON film of the present invention is a NbON film in which a photocurrent is generated by light irradiation. The NbON film of the present invention is desirably a single-phase film. The hydrogen generation device (600) of the present invention includes: an optical semiconductor electrode (620) including a conductor (621) and the NbON film (622) of the present invention disposed on the conductor (621); a counter electrode (630) connected electrically to the conductor (621); a water-containing electrolyte (640) disposed in contact with a surface of the NbON film (622) and a surface of the counter electrode (630); and a container (610) containing the optical semiconductor electrode (620), the counter electrode (630), and the electrolyte (640). In this device, hydrogen is generated by irradiating the NbON film (622) with light.

Electrode catalyst of electrochemical device, electrode catalyst layer of electrochemical device, membrane electrode assembly of electrochemical device, electrochemical device, method for manufacturing electrode catalyst of electrochemical device, and method for manufacturing membrane electrode assembly of electrochemical device

An electrode catalyst of an electrochemical device according to the present disclosure is an electrode catalyst of an electrochemical device, the electrode catalyst including a mesoporous material; and catalyst metal particles supported at least in the mesoporous material. Before supporting the catalyst metal particles, the mesoporous material includes mesopores having a mode radius of 1 to 25 nm and a pore volume of 1.0 to 3.0 cm3/g, and number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores is lower at an outer side of the mesoporous material than number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores at an inner side thereof.

OPTICAL SEMICONDUCTOR, OPTICAL SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE USING SAME, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL, AND ENERGY SYSTEM

The optical semiconductor of the present invention is an optical semiconductor containing In, Ga, Zn, O and N, and has a composition in which a part of oxygen (O) is substituted by nitrogen (N) in a general formula: InGaO(ZnO), where x and y satisfy 0.2 Подробнее

Optical semiconductor, optical semiconductor electrode using same, photoelectrochemical cell, and energy system

The optical semiconductor of the present invention is an optical semiconductor containing In, Ga, Zn, O and N, and has a composition in which a part of oxygen (O) is substituted by nitrogen (N) in a general formula: In2xGa2(1-x)O3(ZnO)y, where x and y satisfy 0.2 Подробнее

NbON FILM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING NbON FILM, HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE, AND ENERGY SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH SAME

The NbON film of the present invention is a NbON film in which a photocurrent is generated by light irradiation. The NbON film of the present invention is desirably a single-phase film. The hydrogen generation device () of the present invention includes: an optical semiconductor electrode () including a conductor () and the NbON film () of the present invention disposed on the conductor (); a counter electrode () connected electrically to the conductor (); a water-containing electrolyte () disposed in contact with a surface of the NbON film () and a surface of the counter electrode (); and a container () containing the optical semiconductor electrode (), the counter electrode (), and the electrolyte (). In this device, hydrogen is generated by irradiating the NbON film () with light. 1. A NbON film in which a photocurrent is generated by light irradiation , the NbON film being a single-phase film.2. (canceled)3. The NbON film according to claim 1 , wherein the NbON film is formed by bringing claim 1 , into contact with a heated substrate claim 1 , vaporized RN═Nb(NRR)(where R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare each independently a hydrocarbon group) and at least either one selected from oxygen and water vapor.4. The NbON film according to claim 3 , wherein Ris a tertiary butyl group (—C(CH)) claim 3 , and Rand Rare each independently a straight-chain alkyl group (n-CH claim 3 , where n is an integer of 1 or more).5. A method for producing a NbON film claim 3 , the method comprising the steps of:{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'sub': '3', '(I) vaporizing RN═Nb(NRR)(where R, R, and Rare each independently a hydrocarbon group); and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': '3', '(II) bringing, into contact with a heated substrate, the vaporized RN═Nb(NRR)and at least either one selected from oxygen and water vapor,'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein in the step (II), the substrate is heated to a temperature that is equal to or higher than a boiling point ...

PHOTOELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL AND ENERGY SYSTEM USING SAME, AND HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD

A photoelectrode () of the present invention includes a conductive layer () and a photocatalytic layer () provided on the conductive layer (). The conductive layer () is made of a metal nitride. The photocatalytic layer () is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor. When the photocatalytic layer () is made of a n-type semiconductor, the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the conductive layer () is smaller than the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer (). 1. A photoelectrode comprising a conductive layer and a photocatalytic layer provided on the conductive layer , whereinthe conductive layer is made of a metal nitride,the photocatalytic layer is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor,an energy difference between a vacuum level and a Fermi level of the conductive layer is smaller than an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer when the photocatalytic layer is made of a n-type semiconductor,an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the conductive layer is larger than an energy difference between the vacuum level and a Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer when the photocatalytic layer is made of a p-type semiconductor, andthe metal nitride is a nitride containing at least one element selected from transition metal elements.2. (canceled)3. The photoelectrode according to claim 1 , whereinthe nitride semiconductor is a nitride containing a tantalum element, andthe oxynitride semiconductor is at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxynitride containing a tantalum element, an oxynitride containing a niobium element, and an oxynitride containing a titanium element.4. A photoelectrochemical cell comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1 ...

NIOBIUM NITRIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, NIOBIUM NITRIDE-CONTAINING FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, SEMICONDUCTOR, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, PHOTOCATALYST, HYDROGEN GENERATION DEVICE, AND ENERGY SYSTEM

The present invention is a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5. The method for producing the niobium nitride of the present invention includes the step of nitriding an organic niobium compound by reacting the organic niobium compound with a nitrogen compound gas. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. A photocatalyst consisting of an optical semiconductor containing a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5.17. A hydrogen generation device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00016', 'claim 16'}, 'the photocatalyst according to ;'}an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte and being in contact with the photocatalyst; anda container containing the photocatalyst and the aqueous solution, whereinhydrogen is generated through decomposition of water in the aqueous solution by irradiation of the photocatalyst with light.18. An energy system comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00017', 'claim 17'}, 'the hydrogen generation device according to ;'}a fuel cell; anda line for supplying the hydrogen generated in the hydrogen generation device to the fuel cell.19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. A photocatalyst consisting of a niobium nitride-containing film containing a niobium nitride which has a composition represented by the composition formula NbNand in which a constituent element Nb has a valence of substantially +5.29. A hydrogen generation device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00028', 'claim 28'}, 'the photocatalyst according to ;'}an aqueous solution containing an ...

Optical semiconductor and method for producing the same, optical semiconductor device, photocatalyst, hydrogen producing device, and energy system

The method for producing the optical semiconductor of the present disclosure includes a mixing step of producing a mixture containing a reduction inhibitor and a niobium compound that contains at least oxygen in its composition; a nitriding step of nitriding the mixture by the reaction between the mixture and a nitrogen compound gas; and a washing step of isolating niobium oxynitride from the material obtained through the nitriding step by dissolving chemical species other than niobium oxynitride with a washing liquid. The optical semiconductor of the present disclosure substantially consists of niobium oxynitride having a crystal structure of baddeleyite and having a composition represented by the composition formula, NbON.

Photoelectrochemical cell and energy system using the same

A photoelectrochemical cell (100) includes: a semiconductor electrode (120) including a substrate (121), a first n-type semiconductor layer (122) disposed on the substrate (121), and a second n-type semiconductor layer (123) and a conductor (124) disposed apart from each other on the first n-type semiconductor layer (122); a counter electrode (130) connected electrically to the conductor (124); an electrolyte (140) in contact with surfaces of the second n-type semiconductor layer (123) and the counter electrode (130); and a container (110) accommodating the semiconductor electrode (120), the counter electrode (130) and the electrolyte (140). In the semiconductor electrode (120), relative to a vacuum level, (I) band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the second n-type semiconductor layer (123), respectively, are higher than band edge levels of a conduction band and a valence band in the first n-type semiconductor layer (122), (II) a Fermi level of the first n-type semiconductor ...

ELECTRODE CATALYST FOR FUEL BATTERY, ELECTRODE CATALYST LAYER OF FUEL BATTERY, MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, AND FUEL BATTERY

An electrode catalyst for a fuel battery includes a mesoporous material and catalyst metal particles supported at least in the mesoporous material. In the electrode catalyst for a fuel battery, before supporting the catalyst metal particles, the mesoporous material has mesopores having a mode radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm and has a value of greater than 0.90, the value being determined by dividing a specific surface area S(m/g) of the mesopores obtained by analyzing a nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm according to a BJH method, the mesopores having a radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm, by a BET specific surface area (m/g) evaluated according to a BET method. 1. An electrode catalyst for a fuel battery , comprising:a mesoporous material; andcatalyst metal particles supported at least in the mesoporous material,wherein, before supporting the catalyst metal particles,{'sub': '1-25', 'sup': 2', '2, 'the mesoporous material has mesopores having a mode radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm and has a value of greater than 0.90, the value being determined by dividing a specific surface area S(m/g) of the mesopores obtained by analyzing a nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm according to a BJH method, the mesopores having a radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm, by a BET specific surface area (m/g) evaluated according to a BET method.'}2. The electrode catalyst for a fuel battery according to claim 1 ,wherein the mesopores of the mesoporous material have a mode radius of greater than 1.65 nm.3. The electrode catalyst for a fuel battery according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein the BET specific surface area of the mesoporous material is greater than or equal to 1500 (m/g).'}4. The electrode catalyst for a fuel battery according to claim 1 ,wherein, among the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesoporous material, ...

ELECTRODE CATALYST OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, ELECTRODE CATALYST LAYER OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE CATALYST OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE

An electrode catalyst of an electrochemical device according to the present disclosure is an electrode catalyst of an electrochemical device, the electrode catalyst including a mesoporous material; and catalyst metal particles supported at least in the mesoporous material. Before supporting the catalyst metal particles, the mesoporous material includes mesopores having a mode radius of 1 to 25 nm and a pore volume of 1.0 to 3.0 cm/g, and number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores is lower at an outer side of the mesoporous material than number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores at an inner side thereof. 1. An electrode catalyst of an electrochemical device , comprising:a mesoporous material; andcatalyst metal particles supported at least in the mesoporous material,{'sup': '3', 'wherein before supporting the catalyst metal particles, the mesoporous material includes mesopores having a mode radius of 1 to 25 nm and a pore volume of 1.0 to 3.0 cm/g, and'}number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores is lower at an outer side of the mesoporous material than number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores at an inner side thereof.2. The electrode catalyst of the electrochemical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores present in a first region which is a predetermined region from the surface of the mesoporous material to the inside thereof is lower than the number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores present in a second region located inside than the first region.3. The electrode catalyst of the electrochemical device according to claim 2 ,wherein the number density of the catalyst metal particles supported in the mesopores in the first region is lower than that in the second region by 6% or more.4. The electrode catalyst of the electrochemical device ...

Method for generating oxygen and water electrolysis device

The present invention provides a method for efficiently generating oxygen by electrolyzing water using a copper delafossite compound as an anode. First, in the present invention, a water electrolysis device is prepared. The water electrolysis device comprises a container, a power supply, an anode, a cathode; and an aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode and the cathode are in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. The anode has a copper cobalt delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula CuCoO 2 . The copper cobalt delafossite compound is in contact with the aqueous electrolytic solution. Then, an electric potential difference is applied between the cathode and the anode using the power supply to generate oxygen on the anode due to electrolysis of water which occurs on the copper cobalt delafossite compound.

CATALYST, CATALYST LAYER, MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY, ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATALYST

A catalyst includes a mesoporous material and catalytic metal particles supported at least within the mesoporous material and containing platinum and a metal different from platinum. The mesoporous material has mesopores with a mode radius of 1 to 25 nm and a pore volume of 1.0 to 3.0 cm/g before supporting of the catalytic metal particles, and has an average particle size of greater than or equal to 200 nm. A molar ratio of the metal different from platinum and contained in the catalytic metal particles relative to all metals contained in the catalytic metal particles is greater than or equal to 0.25, and among the catalytic metal particles, a volume ratio of catalytic metal particles having a particle size of greater than or equal to 20 nm is less than or equal to 10%. 1. A catalyst comprising:a mesoporous material; andcatalytic metal particles supported at least within the mesoporous material and containing platinum and a metal different from platinum,{'sup': 3', '3, 'wherein the mesoporous material has mesopores with a mode radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm and a pore volume of greater than or equal to 1.0 cm/g and less than or equal to 3.0 cm/g before supporting of the catalytic metal particles, and has an average particle size of greater than or equal to 200 nm,'}a molar ratio of the metal different from platinum and contained in the catalytic metal particles relative to all metals contained in the catalytic metal particles is greater than or equal to 0.25, and among the catalytic metal particles, a volume ratio of catalytic metal particles having a particle size of greater than or equal to 20 nm is less than or equal to 10%.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the metal different from platinum and contained in the catalytic metal particles having a particle size of greater than or equal to 20 nm relative to all metals contained in the catalytic metal particles having a particle size of greater ...

PHOTOSEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODE, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELL, AND ENERGY SYSTEM

A photosemiconductor electrode () of the present invention includes a conductor () and a photosemiconductor layer (first semiconductor layer) () provided on the conductor (). The photosemiconductor layer () includes a photosemiconductor (e.g., a photosemiconductor film ()) and an oxide containing iridium element (e.g., iridium oxide ()). The Fermi level of the oxide containing iridium element is more negative than the Fermi level of the photosemiconductor and is more negative than −4.44 eV, with respect to the vacuum level. 1. A photosemiconductor electrode comprising:a conductor; anda first semiconductor layer provided on the conductor, whereinthe first semiconductor layer comprises a photosemiconductor and an oxide containing iridium element, anda Fermi level of the oxide containing iridium element is more negative than a Fermi level of the photosemiconductor and is more negative than −4.44 eV, with respect to a vacuum level.2. The photosemiconductor electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the photosemiconductor is an n-type semiconductor containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , and gallium.3. The photosemiconductor electrode according to claim 2 , wherein the photosemiconductor is an n-type semiconductor composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxynitride containing niobium element and a nitride containing niobium element.4. The photosemiconductor electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide containing iridium element in the first semiconductor layer has a surface density of more than 0 and 2.00 μgcmor less.5. The photosemiconductor electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the first semiconductor layer comprises a photosemiconductor film containing the photosemiconductor and the oxide containing iridium element claim 1 , the oxide being supported on a surface of the photosemiconductor film.6. The photosemiconductor electrode ...

METHOD FOR GENERATING OXYGEN, AND WATER ELECTROLYSIS DEVICE

The present invention provides a method for generating oxygen. The method comprises (a) preparing a water electrolysis device comprising a container storing an electrolyte aqueous solution; an anode which is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution and includes at least one silver delafossite compound selected from the group consisting of a silver cobalt delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula AgCoOand a silver rhodium delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula AgRhO; a cathode which is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution; and a power supply, wherein the at least one silver delafossite compound is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution, and (b) applying an electric potential difference between the cathode and the anode using the power supply to generate oxygen on the anode due to electrolysis of water which occurs on the at least one silver delafossite compound. 1. A method for generating oxygen , the method comprising; a container storing an electrolyte aqueous solution;', {'sub': 2', '2, 'an anode which is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution and includes at least one silver delafossite compound selected from the group consisting of a silver cobalt delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula AgCoOand a silver rhodium delafossite compound represented by a chemical formula AgRhO;'}, 'a cathode which is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution; and', 'a power supply,, '(a) preparing a water electrolysis device comprising 'the at least one silver delafossite compound is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution, and', 'wherein'}(b) applying an electric potential difference between the cathode and the anode using the power supply to generate oxygen on the anode due to electrolysis of water which occurs on the at least one silver delafossite compound.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe container further comprises a diaphragm; andthe diaphragm divides an inside of ...

Method for producing photoelectrode

A photoelectrode ( 100 ) of the present invention includes a conductive layer ( 12 ) and a photocatalytic layer ( 13 ) provided on the conductive layer ( 12 ). The conductive layer ( 12 ) is made of a metal nitride. The photocatalytic layer ( 13 ) is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitride semiconductor and an oxynitride semiconductor. When the photocatalytic layer ( 13 ) is made of a n-type semiconductor, the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the conductive layer ( 12 ) is smaller than the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer ( 13 ). When the photocatalytic layer ( 13 ) is made of a p-type semiconductor, the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the conductive layer ( 12 ) is larger than the energy difference between the vacuum level and the Fermi level of the photocatalytic layer ( 13 ).

Niobium nitride and method for producing same, niobium nitride-containing film and method for producing same, semiconductor, semiconductor device, photocatalyst, hydrogen generation device, and energy system

The present invention is a niobium nitride having a composition represented by the composition formula Nb

Inspection apparatus for wall surface

(57)【要約】 【課題】 析出物を剥離と汚損から分離して判定するこ とができる壁面検査装置を提供するにある。 【解決手段】 検査対象となる壁面を熱する加熱手段１ と、加熱後の壁面の温度分布を検出する温度分布検出手 段２と、壁面の輝度を検出する輝度検出手段３とを有す る壁面検査装置において、温度分布検出手段で検出した 温度分布の高温領域を判定する高温領域判定部と、輝度 検出手段で検出した輝度から輝度レベルが低く且つ輝度 レベルの偏差が大きい低輝度・高輝度偏差領域を判定す る低輝度・高輝度偏差領域判定部と、高温領域判定部で 判定された高温領域から低輝度・高輝度偏差領域判定部 で判定された低輝度・高輝度偏差領域を除外して残りの 領域を剥離と判定する剥離判定部８とを有することを特 徴とする。

Patent DE3508701C2

Niobium nitride and method for producing same, niobium nitride-containing film and method for producing same, semiconductor, semiconductor device, photocatalyst, hydrogen generation device, and energy system

The present invention is a niobium nitride having a composition represented by the composition formula Nb

Cellular reflex-reflecting sheeting

A reflex-reflecting sheeting of a type having on the surface of the sheeting many isolated small compartments which are respectively hermetically sealed in the form of cells is characterized in the structure in which a support film comprises an upper layer which is in contact with glass beads and a lower layer disposed on the opposite side and having larger cohesive force and rubbery elasticity than the upper layer, and a protective film made of a substantially unoriented resin. The sheeting thus constructed exhibits strong resistance against separation of the protective film and the support film even under high temperature and humidity.

Cellular reflex-reflecting sheeting

Electrode catalyst, electrode catalyst layer using said electrode catalyst, membrane/electrode assembly, and electrochemical device

An electrode catalyst according to the present disclosure includes a mesoporous material and catalyst metal particles which are supported in at least an inner portion of the mesoporous material and which contain platinum and a metal different from platinum. The mesoporous material has mesopores having a mode radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm and a pore volume of greater than or equal to 1.0 cm³/g and less than or equal to 3.0 cm³/g. The catalyst metal particles which are supported have an L1₀ structure and the proportion of the L1₀ structure is greater than 0.25.

Electrode catalyst, electrode catalyst layer using electrode catalyst, membrane-electrode assembly, and electrochemical device

An electrode catalyst according to the present disclosure includes a mesoporous material and catalyst metal particles which are supported in at least an inner portion of the mesoporous material and which contain platinum and a metal different from platinum. The mesoporous material has mesopores having a mode radius of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm and a pore volume of greater than or equal to 1.0 cm3/g and less than or equal to 3.0 cm3/g. The catalyst metal particles which are supported have an L10 structure. The proportion of the L10 structure is greater than 0.25.

酸素を発生させる方法、水の電気分解装置および陽極

【課題】陽極として銀デラフォサイト化合物膜を利用する水の電気分解により効率よく酸素を発生する方法を提供する。本発明は、また、その方法に適した水の電気分解装置及び陽極を提供する。 【解決手段】酸素を発生させる方法であって、以下の工程を具備する：（ａ）水の電気分解装置を用意する工程、ここで、前記水の電気分解装置は、電解質水溶液が貯留されている容器と、前記電解質水溶液と接し、かつ化学式ＡｇＣｏＯ ２ により表される銀コバルトデラフォサイト化合物膜を含む陽極と、前記電解質水溶液と接している陰極と、電源とを具備し、ここで、 前記銀デラフォサイト化合物膜は、前記電解質水溶液と接し、前記銀コバルトデラフォサイト化合物膜は、ｃ面のみに配向しており、（ｂ）前記電源を用いて前記陰極および前記陽極の間に電位差を印加して、前記銀デラフォサイト化合物膜上で生じる水の電気分解を介して前記陽極上に酸素を発生させる工程。 【選択図】図１

酸素を発生させる方法、水の電気分解装置および陽極

【課題】酸素を効率よく発生させる方法、水の電気分解装置の提供。【解決手段】アンチモンドープ酸化スズを１〜３０ｗｔ％を含む、ＡｇＣｏＯ２で表される銀コバルトデラフォサイト化合物を含む陽極を用いる、水の電気分解の方法。陰極と陽極の間に多孔質等の隔膜を設けても良い。薄膜型の場合は電解質膜を介する。【選択図】図１

Materiale catarifrangente in fogli, a struttura cellulare.

鋼板の製造方法、鋼管の製造方法、鋼板製造装置及びプログラム

【課題】対象となる表面において、硬度が品質上問題となる部分を抑制した鋼板を製造することが可能な鋼板の製造方法、鋼管の製造方法、鋼板の製造装置、及び、プログラムを提供する。【解決手段】鋼板の製造方法は、スラブを制御圧延する圧延工程Ｓ３と、制御圧延された鋼板を制御冷却する冷却工程Ｓ５と、制御冷却された鋼板の少なくとも一部の表面に、ブラスト材を衝突させて、表面を含む鋼板の表層の応力状態を調整するショットブラスト工程Ｓ６と、ショットブラスト工程Ｓ６が実施された表面の硬度を測定する硬度測定工程Ｓ７と、硬度測定工程Ｓ７の測定結果に基づいて、硬度が予め設定された閾値を超える部位を硬度不良部位と判定する硬度判定工程Ｓ８と、硬度不良部位を除去する除去工程Ｓ１１とを備える。【選択図】図６

イオン伝導体

【課題】高いイオン電導性を示すイオン伝導体を提供する。【解決手段】イオン伝導体は、［Ｍ１２＋１−ｘＭ２３＋ｘ（ＯＨ）２］ｘ＋（Ａｎ−）ｘ／ｎ・ｍＨ２Ｏ（式中、Ｍ１２＋は二価の金属イオン、Ｍ２３＋は三価の金属イオン、Ａｎ−は陰イオン）の組成式で表される層状複水酸化物であって、Ｘ線回折装置で測定した面指数（００３）の回折ピークの半値全幅からシェラー（Ｓｃｈｅｒｒｅｒ）の式を用いて算出した結晶子サイズＤ（００３）が１０５Åより小さい層状複水酸化物を含む。【選択図】図１

Photosemiconductor electrode, photoelectrochemical cell, and energy system

可視光応答型光触媒と、それを用いた水素生成デバイス及びエネルギーシステム

【課題】６４０ｎｍよりも長波長域の光の利用を可能とする可視光応答型光触媒を提供することを目的とする。さらに、この光触媒を利用した水素生成デバイス及びエネルギーシステムを提供することも目的とする。 【解決手段】本発明の可視光応答型光触媒は、一般式：ＢａＢｉ 1-x Ｉｎ x Ｏ 3 （一般式中、ｘは、０＜ｘ＜０．３を満たす）で表される組成を有する。本発明の水素生成デバイスは、本発明の可視光応答型光触媒（例えば当該光触媒を備えた光電極７０）と、前記光触媒と接触する、水を含む電解液７４と、前記光触媒と前記電解液とを収容する筐体７３と、を備え、前記光触媒への光の照射により水が分解されて水素が生成される。本発明のエネルギーシステムは、本発明の水素生成デバイスと、燃料電池と、水素生成デバイスで生成された水素を燃料電池へ供給するラインと、を備える。 【選択図】図５

支柱建込み装置

(57)【要約】 【課題】 地下鉄構内又はトンネル等の地面側と天井側 との間に建込まれる支柱をクレーン等用いることなく、 台車から振出して簡単に建込むようにする。 【解決手段】 台車の上に把持装置６を備え、この把持 装置６はクランプ４４によって支柱１の中央側を締付け て固定するものであって、この支柱１を上，下方向に移 動する上下移動手段１７と、前，後方向に移動する前後 移動手段１２と、支柱１を台車の横方向に移動する回動 手段２４と、ほぼ垂直に建てられる支柱１の左，右方向 の位置を調整する位置決め手段３３とを備える。

Electrode catalyst, electrode catalyst layer using said electrode catalyst, membrane/electrode assembly, and electrochemical device