Formulations and methods to reduce hexavalent chrome contamination

The present invention includes formulations and methods to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in which the formulation comprises (1) a reactive reducing agent comprising at least one reducing chemical capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III); and (b) one or more solvents. Moreover, the present invention includes formulations to reduce Cr(VI) within the coating, and Cr(VI) reducing kits with at least one color reference tool for evaluating the process and/or completion of the Cr(VI) reduction.

Methods and apparatus for producing ferrate (vi)

An undivided electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a housing defining an undivided chamber, the housing having one electrolyte inlet and at least two electrolyte outlets; an anode in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber; and an electrolyte in the chamber, wherein the anode and the cathode are not gas diffusion electrodes. The invention also involves a method of operating an electrochemical cell, and methods for making ferrate(VI).

Water purification

The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floc inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floc are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided.

WATER PURIFICATION

The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floc inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floc are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided. 1. A method for treating a first aqueous solution to remove at least one anion from the first aqueous solution , comprising: (i) an extractant comprising a cationic molecule and an anionic base,', '(ii) an optional diluent; and', '(iii) an optional modifier for modifying phase disengagement,', 'wherein the extractant forms an ion pair with the at least one anion from the first aqueous solution; and, '(a) mixing the first aqueous solution with a first water-immiscible extractant phase in a first apparatus to form a first unstable emulsion, wherein the extractant phase comprises(b) separating the first unstable emulsion into a first treated aqueous phase and a first loaded extractant phase, the ion pair being present in the first loaded extractant phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic molecule has a carbon number from at least 8 to about 34.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the first water-immiscible extractant phase to the first aqueous solution is from about 1:20 to about 20:1 (v/v).4. The method of ...

Fibers containing ferrates and methods

A fiber containing ferrate, which comprises (1) one or more ferrate compounds, wherein the ferrate compound is selected from a group consisting of a metal ferrate(V) compound, metal ferrate(VI) compound, and a mixture thereof; and (2) one or more nonaqueous polymers. Also, methods are disclosed that make and/or use the fibers.

Methods and Apparatus for Producing Ferrate(VI)

An undivided electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a housing defining an undivided chamber, the housing having one electrolyte inlet and at least two electrolyte outlets; an anode in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber; and an electrolyte in the chamber, wherein the anode and the cathode are not gas diffusion electrodes. The invention also involves a method of operating an electrochemical cell, and methods for making ferrate(VI). 1. An undivided electrochemical cell comprising:a housing defining an undivided chamber, the housing having one electrolyte inlet and at least two outlets;an anode in the chamber;a cathode in the chamber; andan electrolyte in the chamber,wherein the anode and the cathode are not gas diffusion electrodes.2. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein the housing has two electrolyte outlets.3. The undivided electrochemical cell of further comprising a fluid flow controller in fluid communication with the electrolyte outlets.4. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein the fluid flow controller is selected from flow restrictions claim 3 , valves claim 3 , screens claim 3 , fluid flow constrictions claim 3 , bends or weirs.5. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein the anode is made of a material containing iron.6. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein the anode is selected from solid iron plate claim 1 , expanded metal mesh claim 1 , wire mesh claim 1 , woven metal cloth claim 1 , wire claim 1 , rod claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein the anode is selected from iron claim 1 , steel claim 1 , “dimensionally stabilized anode”(DSA) claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , and other oxidation resistant electrolytically conductive materials.8. The undivided electrochemical cell of wherein a ratio of a surface area of the anode to a surface area of the cathode is in the range of 1 to at least about 10.9. The undivided electrochemical cell ...

CO2 SORBENT COMPOSITION WITH O2 CO-GENERATION

The invention provides for a sorbent composition comprising Fe(IV), Fe(V), Fe(VI), and/or a mixture of thereof. (“the ferrate compound”), wherein upon exposure to COand moisture, the sorbent composition absorbs COand co-generates O, and materials, systems and methods of using this sorbent composition. 1. A sorbent composition suitable for removal of COand co-generation of O , comprising Fe(IV) , Fe(VI) , Fe(V) , or a mixture thereof (“the ferrate compound”) , wherein upon exposure to COand HO , the sorbent composition is capable of absorbing COand co-generating O.2. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition is in the form of granule claim 1 , extrudate claim 1 , sphere claim 1 , disk claim 1 , briquette claim 1 , pellet claim 1 , prill claim 1 , solid solution claim 1 , microsphere claim 1 , encapsulate claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more hygroscopic materials.4. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , further comprising HO.5. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more cooling agents.6. A sorbent material suitable for removal of COand co-generation of O claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claims 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', '5'}], 'one or more sorbent compositions of to .'}7. The sorbent material of claim 6 , wherein the sorbent compositions are embedded in one or more fibers.8. The sorbent material of claim 6 ,wherein one or more sorbent compositions join with one or more substrates to form a sorbent layer.9. The sorbent material of claim 8 , wherein the sorbent compositions are coated on one or more substrates.10. The sorbent material of claim 8 , wherein the substrate comprises one or more mats claim 8 , beads claim 8 , screens claim 8 , porous material (paper claim 8 , fabric or plastic) claim 8 , perforated plastic claim 8 , perforated and corrugated plastic claim 8 , woven fabric claim 8 , non-woven fabric claim 8 , or ...

FORMULATIONS AND METHODS TO REDUCE HEXAVALENT CHROME CONTAMINATION

The present invention includes formulations and methods to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in which the formulation comprises (1) a reactive reducing agent comprising at least one reducing chemical capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III); and (b) one or more solvents. Moreover, the present invention includes formulations to reduce Cr(VI) within the coating, and Cr(VI) reducing kits with at least one color reference tool for evaluating the process and/or completion of the Cr(VI) reduction. 1. A formulation to reduce Cr(VI) contamination , comprising:a. a reactive reducing agent comprising at least one reducing chemical capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III); andb. one or more solvents.2. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the reducing chemical comprises water soluble thiol compounds claim 1 , sulfites claim 1 , sulfides claim 1 , dithionite claim 1 , sulfur dioxide claim 1 , ferrous salts claim 1 , hydroxylamines and the like claim 1 , solvent soluble thiol compounds claim 1 , oil soluble mercaptans claim 1 , disulfides claim 1 , thiol ethers claim 1 , other similar organosulfur compounds or derivatives claim 1 , ascorbic acid claim 1 , ascorbate claim 1 , sorbate claim 1 , sorbic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , butylated hydroxytoluene claim 1 , butylated hydroxyanisole claim 1 , tert-butylhydroquinone claim 1 , propyl gallate claim 1 , glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid) and other α-hydroxy acids (AHA) claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , and other similar acids claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises water claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , diglyme claim 1 , isopropyl alcohol claim 1 , methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) claim 1 , methyl isopropyl ketone claim 1 , glycol ether claim 1 , methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) claim 1 , Graf Off® cleaner claim 1 , GOOP® cleaner claim 1 , GO-JO® cleaner claim 1 , other similar degreasers or degreasing agents claim 1 , paint stripper ...

CATALYST COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR DIRECT PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN AN ACRYLONITRILE REACTOR FEED STREAM

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NHpresent in effluent gas streams to Nand/or NO. 1. A catalyst composition comprising a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or (II):{'br': None, 'sub': 12', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'h, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6, 'MoXXXXXXO\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'br': None, 'sub': i', 'j', 'k', 'm', 'n', 'q', 'x', 'y', 'r, 'FeMoCrBiMNQXYO\u2003\u2003(II)'} [{'sup': '1', 'Xis Cr and/or W;'}, {'sup': '2', 'Xis Bi, Sb, As, P, and/or a rare earth metal;'}, {'sup': '3', 'Xis Fe, Ru, and/or Os;'}, {'sup': '4', 'Xis Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, and/or Pb;'}, {'sup': '5', 'Xis Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, Re, V, Nb, Ta, Se, and/or Te;'}, {'sup': '6', 'Xis an alkaline earth metal and/or an alkali metal;'}, '0≤a≤5;', '0.03≤b≤25;', '0≤c≤20;', '0≤d≤200;', '0≤e≤8;', '0≤f≤3; and', 'h is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valence requirements of the component elements other than oxygen present in formula (I), where', '1≤c+d+e+f≤200;', '0≤e+f≤8; and, 'wherein in the formula (I) M is Ce and/or Sb;', 'N is La, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, B, Al, Ga, In, TI, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, and/or As;', 'Q is W, Ru, and/or Os;', 'X is Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, Re, V, Nb, Ta, Se, and/or Te;', 'Y is an alkaline earth metal and/or an alkali metal;', '0.2≤i≤100;', '0≤j≤2;', '0≤k≤2;', '0.05≤m≤10;', '0≤n≤200;', '0≤q≤8;', '0≤x≤30;', '0≤y≤8;', 'j and kj; and', 'r is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valence requirements of the component elements other than oxygen present in formula (II),, 'wherein in the formula (II) 4≤m+n+q+x+y≤200;', '0≤q+x+y≤30; and, 'wherein{'sup ...

WATER PURIFICATION

The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floc inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floc are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided. 155-. (canceled)56. A composition comprising:{'sup': III', 'II, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z', '4', 'w, 'a mixture of metal sulfates having the formula FeFeAl(SO)where x is from 0.03 to 0.95, y is from 0.03 to 0.95, z is from 0.03 to 0.5, and w is from 1.04 to 2.2.'}57. The composition of claim 56 , wherein the composition is an aqueous solution containing at least 0.1 wt % of the mixture of metal sulfates.58. An apparatus for separating floc comprising:a decanter or extractor compartment having an inlet for a mixture at one end of the compartment and an outlet spaced apart from the inlet; anda floc weir spaced apart from the inlet, the floc weir comprising a tapered entrance ramp, a rounded lip adjacent to the tapered entrance ramp, and a floc weir exit slide adjacent to and spaced beyond the rounded lip, wherein floc flows out of the compartment over the entrance ramp, rounded lip and floc weir exit slide.59. The apparatus of claim 58 , wherein the entrance ramp is tapered at 15 to 45 degrees from the vertical.60. The apparatus of claim ...

PROCESSES FOR FORMING METAL OXIDE FILMS ON SUBSTRATES USING AMINO ACIDS

Processes for forming metal oxide films on substrates are disclosed. The processes include depositing a composition comprising a metal oxide precursor, an amino acid, and a solvent onto a substrate. The composition is dried to remove solvent, and then heated to initiate combustion to form a metal oxide film. 1. A process for producing a metal oxide film on a substrate , the process comprising:preparing a metal oxide precursor composition comprising a metal oxide precursor, an amino acid, and a solvent;depositing the metal oxide precursor composition on a substrate to form a coating;drying the coating to remove the solvent and form a gel film; andheating the gel film to form the metal oxide film on the substrate.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is TiO.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is titanyl nitrate.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is a blend of a non-nitrate-containing titanium compound and a nitrate-containing compound.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid is glycine.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid contains only atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , and hydrogen.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid does not contain sulfur claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , chlorine claim 1 , or selenium atoms.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide precursor composition further comprises an alcohol.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide precursor composition is deposited by spin coating.12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising etching the substrate with an acid prior to depositing the metal oxide precursor composition on the substrate.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the acid is HCl or HF.14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the coating is dried at a ...

Process Water Treatment Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction Technology

The invention provides an efficient method to treating a nutrient rich process water, such as municipal, agricultural, and/or farm water. The process water is treated by first extracting one or more P- and/or N-based ionic species from the process water with an extractant phase, resulting in an ion-loaded extractant phase; and then stripping one or more ionic species from the ion-loaded extractant phase to obtain a stripped extractant phase and useful concentrated ionic products. The stripped extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous flow treatment process is provided. The process is also capable of inactivating pathogens and reducing odors. 1. A method for treating a process water to remove one or more P- and/or N-based ionic species , comprising steps of: i. an extractant that forms the first unstable emulsion with one or more of the ionic species of the process water, wherein the extractant comprises a positively charged molecule having at least 8 carbon atoms, and an anionic base;', 'ii. an optional diluent; and', 'iii. an optional modifier for modifying phase disengagement;, 'A. mixing the process water with an extractant phase to form a first unstable emulsion wherein the extractant phase comprisesB. disengaging and separating a first treated process water and an ion-loaded extractant phase from the first unstable emulsion to generate a separated ion-loaded extractant phase; and i. mixing the separated ion-loaded extractant phase with a first aqueous base solution to form a second unstable emulsion; wherein one or more ionic species, such as phosphate, in the separated ion-loaded extractant phase are stripped from the separated ion-loaded extractant phase and loaded into the first aqueous base solution; wherein a second aqueous base solution is added to the second unstable emulsion during the stripping process to keep the equilibrium pH of the second unstable emulsion to be about 11 or above, preferably at about pH of 13 to 14; and', 'ii. ...

Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD 50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

Deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a freezing point depressant selected from short chain polyols having 3 to 5 carbons atoms, and mixtures thereof, a wetting agent, an antioxidant/preservative, and water. The fluid has an LD 50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes the freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. A runway deicing fluid includes glycerol, a buffer, an antioxidant/preservative, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a freezing point depressant having hydrophobic character, a wetting agent comprising an organophosphorus compound capable of producing an organic wettable surface, and water.

Method for ammonia removal from waste streams

Methods for direct reduction of ammonia from waste streams by the steps of reacting an aqueous ammonia containing waste stream with a solution of a strong acid and a metal salt, wherein the cation in said metal salt of said solution is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pd, Zn; and wherein an ammonium-double salt is formed with said metal salt in an ammonia depleted waste stream; and treating said depleted waste stream to crystallize an ammonium-metal double salt therefrom.

Process for separating a fluid component from a fluid mixture using microchannel process technology

This invention relates to a process for separating a fluid component from a fluid mixture comprising the fluid component, the process comprising: (A) flowing the fluid mixture into a microchannel separator; the microchannel separator comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing a sorption medium, a header and a footer, the combined internal volume of the header and the footer being up to about 40% of the internal volume of the process microchannels; the fluid mixture being maintained in the microchannel separator until at least part of the fluid component is sorbed by the sorption medium; purging the microchannel separator to displace non-sorbed parts of the fluid mixture from the microchannel separator; and (B) desorbing the fluid component from the sorption medium and flowing a flush fluid through the microchannel separator to displace the desorbed fluid component from the microchannel separator. The process is suitable for purifying oxygen as well as effecting other fluid separations.

Multiphasic microchannel reactions

Multiphasic reactions, especially those reactions using a phase transfer catalyst, are conducted in microchannel apparatus. Advantageously, these reactions can be conducted with two, planar microlayers of reactants in adjacent laminar flow streams. Microchannel apparatus and methods for conducting unit operations such as reactions and separations in microchannel apparatus is also described. Microchannel apparatus can provide advantages for controlling reactions and separating products, solvents or reactants in multiphase reactions.

Method of separating carbon dioxide from a gas mixture using a fluid dynamic instability

In a method of separating carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, a liquid solvent flows down an array of vertical wires with the gas mixture flowing over the liquid. Once on the wire, the liquid quickly breaks up into drops of varying sizes, with each size moving down the wire at a different velocity. Large, faster moving drops overtake the small, slower moving drops to form even larger drops. As the drops fall, new drops are created behind the falling drops. Consequently, drops of a large range of sizes are forming, colliding, and mixing as they travel down the wire. During this process, gas molecules that have adsorbed onto the liquid surface are mixed into the interior of the solvent, resulting in highly effective mass transfer and gas absorption. This enhanced mass transfer allows greater flexibility in the choice of solvent and in the system design.

PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF AMMONIA FROM A FLUID.

Aparato, materiales y procedimientos para eliminar amoniaco de fluidos utilizando hidróxidos metálicos (por ejemplo, hidróxido de zinc) y medios de carga metálica (por ejemplo, resinas intercambiadoras de iones cargadas de zinc); los hidróxidos metálicos y los medios de carga metálica pueden regenerarse con un ácido débil (pK{sub,a} entre 3 y 7). Alternativamente, se elimina el amoniaco de fluidos utilizando H{sub,2}SO{sub,4} y ZnSO{sub,4} y medios de carga metálica; los medios de carga metálica pueden regenerarse con H{sub,2}SO{sub,4} y ZnSO{sub,4}; el amoniaco que contiene H{sub,2}SO{sub,4} y ZnSO{sub,4} puede concentrarse si fuera necesario para formar cristales de (NH{sub,4}){sub,2}SO{sub,4}uZnSO{sub,4}u6H{sub,2}O (sulfato hexahidrato de amoniaco y zinc). Los cristales se eliminan del licor madre y se calientan hasta temperaturas que sobrepasan los 200ºC liberando NH{sub,3} y H{sub,2}O vapor por descomposición de los cristales.

Deicing/anti-icing fluids

A runway deicing fluid comprising: glycerol; a buffer; an antioxidant/preservative; and water.

METHOD FOR THE AMMONIA REMOVAL OF CRASHES

Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater an about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

Photolytic oxygenator with carbon dioxide fixation and separation

Apparatus (10) for oxygenating an enclosed space (120) as well as removing carbon dioxide from the enclosed space (120).

Photolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide

The present invention is directed to a photolytic hydrogen peroxide generator (10); the photolytic hydrogen peroxide generator converts water to activated oxygen for electrolyte absorption, regulates pH, removes hydrogen and other gases; the photolytic hydrogen peroxide generator includes a photolytic cell (16) where chemical reactions occur.

Radioactive implantable devices and methods and apparatuses for their production and use

A radiolabeled implantable device includes a base, a first layer including Cu and a radioactive isotope on the base, and a second layer including Sn on the first layer. Preferably, the base is formed of stainless steel and the radioactive isotope is a radioisotope of Re, such as ?188Re or 186¿Re. Alternately, radioisotopes of the following elements may be used: Be, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, W, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, TI, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr. In addition, a process for producing a radiolabeled implantable device includes depositing a first layer including Cu and a radioactive isotope on a base, and depositing a second layer including Sn on the first layer. The process may further include removing Cr¿2?O3 from the base and/or rinsing the base prior to depositing the first layer thereon.

Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

Oxygen generation

The present invention provides for carbon dioxide removal and fixation using a cell incorporating a carbon dioxide selective film for active/passive transport while simultaneously producing oxygen and an air bladder for use in battlefield applications and the like where oxygen requirements are often extreme.

Radioactive implantable devices and their production methods

Apparatus and method for ammonia removal from waste streams

Apparatus, materials, and methods for removing ammonia from fluid using metal hydroxides (e.g. zinc hydroxide) and metal cation loaded media (e.g. zinc loaded ion exchange resins); the metal hydroxides and metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with a weak acid (pK a between 3 and 7). Alternatively, ammonia is removed from fluids by using H 2 SO 4 and ZnSO 4 and metal cation loaded media; the metal cation loaded media may be regenerated with H 2 SO 4 and ZnSO 4 ; the ammonia containing H 2 SO 4 and H 2 SO 4 may be concentrated as necessary to form (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 .ZnSO 4 .6H 2 O (ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate) crystals. These crystals are removed from the mother liquor and heated to temperatures exceeding 200° C. releasing NH 3 and H 2 O vapor upon the decomposition of the crystals.

Photolytic apparatus for oxygenating and removing carbon dioxide

Ferrate(VI)-containing compositions and methods of using ferrate(VI)

Compositions containing ferrate(VI) are disclosed. Also, methods are disclosed that utilize ferrate(VI).

Fibers containing ferrates and methods

A fiber containing ferrate, which comprises (1) one or more ferrate compounds, wherein the ferrate compound is selected from a group consisting of a metal ferrate (V) compound, metal ferrate (VI) compound, and a mixture thereof; and (2) one or more nonaqueous polymers. Also, methods are disclosed that make and/or use the fibers.

Process for separating a fluid component from a fluid mixture by sorption using microchannel process technology

A process for separating a fluid component from a fluid mixture comprising the fluid component, the process comprising: (A) flowing the fluid mixture into a microchannel separator (100); the microchannel separator (100) comprising a plurality of process microchannels (104) containing a sorption medium (106), a header (102) providing a flow passageway for fluid to enter the process microchannels (104) and a footer (108) providing a flow passageway for fluid to leave the process microchannels (104), the combined internal volume of the header (102) and the footer (108) being up to about 40 % of the internal volume of the process microchannels (104) ; the fluid mixture being maintained in the microchannel separator (100) until at least part of the fluid component is sorbed by the sorption medium (106) ; purging the microchannel separator (100) to displace non-sorbed parts of the fluid mixture from the microchannel separator (100); and (B) desorbing the fluid component from the sorption medium (106) and flowing a flush fluid through the microchannel separator (100) to displace the desorbed fluid component from the microchannel spearator (100).

Artificial pulmonary capillary

The present invention is directed to a photolytic cell (16), and to a photolytic artificial lung incorporating such a cell. The photolytic artificial lung converts water to oxygen for blood absorption, regulates pH, the removes carbon dioxide, and co-produces electrical power. The photolytic artificial lung includes a photolytic cell (16) where all of the chemical reactions occur. Additionally, the present invention relates to photolytically sensitive materials for oxygen generation. These materials are useful for gas-free artificial lung and/or pulmonary capillary fabrication. The photolytic cell (16) disclosed herein can also be used to direct chemical reactions in organs other than the lung.

Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

Apparatus and method for separation/purification of fluids utilizing rapidly cycled thermal swing

The present invention provides apparatus and methods for separating fluid components, for example, hydrogen. In preferred embodiments, the apparatus a nd methods utilize microchannel devices with small distances for heat and mass transfer to achieve rapid cycle times and surprisingly large volumes of flui d components separated in short times using relatively compact hardware.</SDOA B>

Solvent extraction of cobalt using hydroxamic acids

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Cobalt is reversibly extracted from cobalt bearing aqueous solutions using solvent extraction techniques by contacting the aqueous solution with a hydrocarbon solvent containing a N-alkylalkanohydrox-amic acid having at least about 8 carbon atoms. A new class of cobalt complexes is also provided.

FAST CYCLIC TEMPERATURE CHANGING SORPTION PROCESS AND ITS DEVICE FOR SEPARATING / CLEANING FLUIDS

Water purification

The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floe inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floe are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided.

Floc composition containing metal ions

Floc compositions are disclosed that may be used in a water purification process, e.g. in a process for purifying acid mine drainage. In one embodiment, a floc composition is disclosed having an oil soluble cation, a metal ion, a hydroxide or oxide, and an anion of the formula {(R4N+)x(N(II)n(OH-)z(SO4 2-)w}m for the case of divalent metal ions or {(R4N+)x(M(III))y(OH-),(SO4 2)w}q for the case of trivalent metal ions.

Oxygen generation for battlefield applications

The present invention provides for carbon dioxide removal and fixation using a cell incorporating a carbon dioxide selective film for active/passive transport while simultaneously producing oxygen and an air bladder for use in battlefield applications and the like where oxygen requirements are often extreme.

Catalyst compositions and ammoxidation processes

Decontaminant

Method and composition for decomposing and detoxifying chemical warfare agents, organic toxic compounds (e. g., pesticides), and for removal of contaminants in materials including fuels. The method and composition are based on ferrate (VI). The ferrate is typically applied to a contaminated surface or volume with a phase transfer catalyst and/or with a carrier.

Apparatus for producing ferrate (VI)

The present invention relates to an undivided electrochemical cell for ferrate(V) and/or ferrate(VI) continuous production, comprising: a housing defining an undivided chamber, the housing having one electrolyte inlet; an iron-containing anode in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber; an electrolyte in the chamber, a screen between the anode and the cathode in the chamber, defining an anode compartment and a cathode compartment; at least two outlets, one for the anode compartment and one for the cathode compartment; and a variable direct current power supply operatively connected to electrochemical cell; wherein the direct current power supply is capable of producing a continuously and automatically varied variable direct current voltage between the anode and the cathode to form the ferrate(V) and/or ferrate(VI), the variable direct current voltage varying between a maximum voltage (Vmax) and a minimum voltage (Vmin), the Vmin is greater than 0 and is a voltage to ensure that formation of an oxide film on a surface of the anode is depressed so that passivation of the anode is substantially avoided; wherein the anode is not a gas diffusion electrode, and wherein the anode and cathode are substantially vertical.

Gallium complexes and solvent extraction of gallium

GALLIUM COMPLEXES AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF GALLIUM Abstract Gallium is extracted in the presence of other metals from gallium bearing aqueous solutions, by contact with organic solvent containing N-organo hydroxamic acids, particularly at described acid and alkaline pH ranges; and recovered from the organic solvent. New gallium complexes and certain N-organo hydroxamic acids are also provided.

Formulations and methods to reduce hexavalent chrome contamination

The present invention includes formulations and methods to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in which the formulation comprises (1) a reactive reducing agent comprising at least one reducing chemical capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III); and (b) one or more solvents. Moreover, the present invention includes formulations to reduce Cr(VI) within the coating, and Cr(VI) reducing kits with at least one color reference tool for evaluating the process and/or completion of the Cr(VI) reduction.

Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids

A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater an about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

N-ethyl hydroxamic acid chelants

N-ethyl alkanohydroxamic acids, where said alkyl group is a straight chain alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, provided said alkyl group is not cyclic, useful as metal chelants for use in organic solvent extractant solutions such as kerosene to extract metals from aqueous solutions by forming complexes of the extracted metal with the N-ethyl hydroxamic acid. Metals can be stripped from complexes of N-ethyl hydroxamic acids at higher concentrations into lower strength acid stripping agents. The N-ethyl hydroxamic acid-containing organic solvent extraction solutions exhibit rapid phase separation from aqueous solutions, good hydrolytic stability and resistance to forming emulsions.

Photolytic cell for providing physiological gas exchange

The present invention is directed to a photolytic cell (16), and to a photolytic artificial lung (10) incorporating such a cell (16). The photolytic artificial lung (10) converts water to oxygen for blood absorption, regulates pH, removes carbon dioxide, and co-produces electrical power. The photolytic artificial lung (10) includes a photolytic cell (16) where all of the chemical reactions occur. Additionally, the present invention relates to photolytically sensitive materials for oxygen generation. These materials are useful for gas-free artificial lung fabrication. The photolytic cell (16) disclosed herein can also be used to direct chemical reactions in organs other than the lung. It can also be used to maintain breathing air in confined systems.

Breathing air maintenance and recycle

The present invention provides for a single step design for carbon dioxide removal and fixation using a cell incorporating a carbon dioxide selective film tor active/passive transport while simultaneously producing oxygen.

Photolytic cell for providing physiological gas exchange

The present invention is directed to a photolytic cell (16), and to a photolytic artificial lung (10) incorporating such a cell (16). The photolytic artificial lung (10) converts water to oxygen for blood absorption, regulates pH, removes carbon dioxide, and co-produces electrical power. The photolytic artificial lung (10) includes a photolytic cell (16) where all of the chemical reactions occur. Additionally, the present invention relates to photolytically sensitive materials for oxygen generation. These materials are useful for gas-free artificial lung fabrication. The photolytic cell (16) disclosed herein can also be used to direct chemical reactions in organs other than the lung. It can also be used to maintain breathing air in confined systems.

Catalyst compositions and process for direct production of hydrogen cyanide in an acrylonitrile reactor feed stream

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NH 3 present in effluent gas streams to N 2 and/or NO x .

Methode zur ammoniakentfernung von abströmen

Photolytische oxygenationseinheit mit kohlendioxidfixierung und -trennung

Photolytische vorrichtung zur anreicherung mit sauerstoff sowie zur entfernung von kohlendioxid

Sauerstofferzeugung für schlachtfeld-anwendungen

Breathing air maintenance and recycle

The present invention provides for a single step design for carbon dioxide removal and fixation using a photolytically energized electrochemical cell incorporating a carbon dioxide selective film for active/passive transport while simultaneously producing oxygen.