Time-temperature indicator comprising a side chain crystalline polymer

A temperature-activatable time-temperature indicator that can be used to monitor the historical exposure of a host product to ambient temperatures includes an optically readable, thermally sensitive indicator element. The indicator element can be inactive below a base temperature and is intrinsically thermally responsive at or above an activation temperature which is equal to or greater than the base temperature. The indicator can record cumulative ambient temperature exposure above the activation temperature irreversibly with respect to time. The indicator element can include a synthetic polymeric material, and optionally, a dye. A side-chain crystallizable polymer such as poly(hexadecylmethacrylate), that is solid below the base temperature and is a viscous liquid above the activation temperature can be employed. Intense indicator element colors can be obtained using an appropriate dye or dyes. Various structural configurations of indicator are described and illustrated.

VISUAL AND ELECTRONICALLY READABLE TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

Visual and electronically readable temperature indicators and methods of making the same have an electric circuit with a microchip and a bridge within the circuit, and a facing material over the electric circuit. The bridge includes either a single layer or multiple layers that include a conductive material, a phase change material having a pre-selected melt temperature, a binder, a first colorant that is soluble in the phase change material and/or a second colorant that is a special effect pigment. In operation, at temperatures below the pre-selected melt temperature, the bridge is electrically conductive, and at a temperature at or above the pre-selected melt temperature, the phase change material melts and dilutes the conductive material, so that the bridge is electrically non-conductive, and a color change occurs that is visible to the user through the facing material such as through a transparent window or in an absorbent material.

METHODS FOR MAKING LOW REMNANT FREE FORMALDEHYDE MICROCAPSULES AND MICROCAPSULES MADE BY SAME

Methods for producing microcapsules begin by preparing an emulsion of a surfactant, core material, and water, followed by the addition of a crosslinking agent and a melamine formaldehyde prepolymer, which is subsequently polymerized. The crosslinking agent is added before the melamine formaldehyde prepolymer, with a first addition or a second addition of a melamine formaldehyde prepolymer, or is divided for addition with both a first addition and a second addition of melamine formaldehyde prepolymer. The crosslinking agent is a mixture of a reaction product of a cyclic urea (U) and a multifunctional aldehyde (A), and at least one crosslinker selected from the following group: a reaction products of (i) an aminotriazine and at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monoaldehydes and multifunctional aliphatic aldehydes, (ii) urea and/or cyclic ureas and formaldehyde, or (iii) phenols and aliphatic monoaldehydes, or from alkoxycarbonylaminotriazines, or multifunctional isocyanates, epoxides, aziridines, and carbodiimides. 1. A method for producing capsules , the method comprising:preparing an emulsion comprising a surfactant, core material, and water; (a) a reaction product of a cyclic urea (U) and a multifunctional aldehyde (A), and', [{'sub': 'n', '(b1) reaction products of an aminotriazine and at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monoaldehydes and multifunctional aliphatic aldehydes having the structure Y(CHO), where Y is an n-functional aliphatic residue, and n is greater than 1, where U is not dihydroxyethylene urea if the crosslinker (b) is (b1),'}, '(b2) reaction products of urea and/or cyclic ureas and formaldehyde,', '(b3) alkoxycarbonylaminotriazines,', '(b4) multifunctional isocyanates, optionally partially or completely blocked,', '(b5) reaction products of phenols and aliphatic monoaldehydes,', '(b6) multifunctional epoxides,', '(b7) multifunctional aziridines, and', '(b8) multifunctional ...

COLOR-CHANGING EMULSIONS FOR FREEZE INDICATORS

A color-changing emulsion for use in a freeze indicator can employ a dispersion medium, for example, an aqueous liquid, a first reactant phase and a second reactant phase, which two reactant phases can both be dispersed in the dispersion medium. The first reactant phase includes a hydrophobic liquid and a first reactant, for example, a color precursor such as a leuco dye. The second reactant phase can include a hydrophobic liquid, and includes, or can be, a second reactant, for example, a color developer such as a leuco dye developer. The first and second reactant phases can be essentially unmixed, and can be co-reactable to provide a color change. In response to a freezing temperature, the color-changing emulsion can coagulate and change color irreversibly. An intense color change can be obtained by using, for example, a suitable leuco dye precursor and developer. 1. A color-changing emulsion for use in a freeze indicator , the color-changing emulsion comprising:an aqueous liquid dispersion medium;a first reactant phase dispersed in the dispersion medium, the first reactant phase comprising a hydrophobic liquid and a first reactant dissolved or dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid; anda second reactant phase dispersed in the dispersion medium, the second reactant phase being unmixed with the first reactant phase and comprising a second reactant, the second reactant being co-reactable with the first reactant to provide a color change;wherein the first reactant and the second reactant co-react in response to exposure to a freezing temperature to change the color of the color-changing emulsion irreversibly.2. A color-changing emulsion according to wherein at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant is dissolved or is a liquid claim 1 , and claim 1 , in response to the exposure of the color-changing emulsion to the freezing temperature claim 1 , the color-changing emulsion can coagulate and the first reactant phase can coalesce with the second reactant ...

COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRONICALLY INDICATING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF A PRODUCT

In part, the invention relates to computing systems and methods for electronically indicating the acceptability of a product. An image capture and communication device may analyze a product label that includes one or more monitors, authentication elements, and identification elements. The image capture and communication device may determine the type and features of the monitors, authentication elements, and identification elements. The image capture and communication device may transmit data based on the type and features to a host server, which may transmit data associated with the host product to the image capture and communication device in, inter alia, the form of an acceptability report. 1. A method of optically processing a product label implementable using an image capture and communication device comprising:capturing image data from a product label using a camera, wherein the product label comprises an environmental monitor having a first shape and a monitor state;capturing image data from a first identifier defined by a patterned region using the camera;processing the image data in response to the first shape to identify a first subset of image data obtained with respect to the first environmental monitor;determining the monitor state from the first subset of image data; andgenerating an acceptability report based upon the determined monitor state.2. The method of further comprising the step of processing the image data in response to the patterned region to identify a second subset of image data obtained with respect to the first identifier; and determining a source of the identifier claim 1 , wherein the acceptability report further comprises information relating to the determined source.3. The method of wherein the first identifier is disposed on or near the product label and wherein the processing claim 2 , determining claim 2 , and generating steps are performed using the image capture and communication device claim 2 , and claim 2 , optionally claim 2 ...

CAPSULES HAVING SURFACTANT TETHERED OUTER SHELLS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME

Microcapsules are disclosed that have a core composition encapsulated within a polymer wall, and an inorganic shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The inorganic shell has a cation attracted to the surfactant and an anion or anion equivalent chemically bonded to the cation to form the shell or has the metal portion of a metal-containing compound attracted to the surfactant to form the shell. The shell may comprise a Ca, Mg, or Ag metal compound. The shell may be a graphene oxide-metal compound. 1. A capsule comprising:a core composition encapsulated within a polymer wall; andan inorganic shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant, the inorganic shell comprising a cation attracted to the surfactant and an anion or anion equivalent chemically bonded to the cation or a metal-containing compound attracted to the surfactant;wherein the surfactant comprises an ionic surfactant.2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a phase change material.3. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the cation is selected from the group consisting of calcium ions claim 1 , silver ions claim 1 , magnesium ions claim 1 , iron ions claim 1 , copper ions claim 1 , and cobalt ions claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the cation is a silver ion claim 3 , and the inorganic shell has antibacterial and antifungal growth properties.5. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic shell provides the capsule with a flame retardant property that reduces the percent of total mass burned claim 3 , compared to the capsule without the shell claim 3 , by at least 16% mass.6. The capsule of claim 5 , wherein the inorganic shell reduces the percent of total mass burned by at least 40%.7. The capsule of claim 2 , wherein the full or partial inorganic shell comprises a cation and an anion claim 2 , and is selected from the group consisting of CO claim 2 , HPO claim 2 , PO claim 2 , SO claim 2 , SO ...

MICROCAPSULES HAVING DUAL REAGENTS SEPARATED BY THE CAPSULE WALL AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME

Ruptureable, dual reagent mono-capsules are disclosed that have a core composition, which includes a first reagent, encapsulated within a polymer wall, and a shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The shell is made from a second reagent that is chemically bonded to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction. Upon rupture of the polymer wall of the mono-capsule, the first reagent and the second reagent chemically react with one another to form a reaction product. 1. A ruptureable capsule comprising:a core composition encapsulated within a polymer wall, the core composition comprising a first reagent; anda shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant, the shell comprising a second reagent attracted to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction;wherein, upon rupture of the polymer wall, the first reagent and the second reagent chemically react with one another to form a reaction product.2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product seals the rupture in the capsule or seals a feature of a surface upon which the capsules are disposed.3. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the second reagent comprises a mineral containing a metal that is available for chemical attraction or bonding to the surfactant claim 1 , and the first reagent is a carboxylic acid.4. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum calcium claim 3 , silver claim 3 , magnesium claim 3 , iron claim 3 , copper claim 3 , and cobalt claim 3 , and combinations thereof.5. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the metal is an aluminum.6. The capsules of claim 1 , wherein the second reagent is an inorganic compound and the shell connected to the exterior surface of the polymer wall by the surfactant is crystalline.7. The capsule of claim 6 , wherein the core composition comprises a natural oil claim 6 , and the inorganic compound catalyzes a reaction of the natural oil.8. ...

Microcapsules having dual reagents for forming a self-healing material separated by the capsule wall and methods for making same

Rupturable, dual reagent mono-capsules are disclosed that have a core composition, which includes a carboxylic acid, encapsulated within a phenolic resin-containing polymer wall that ruptures upon exposure to alkaline conditions over a period of time, and a shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The shell is made from a mineral containing a metal that is chemically bonded to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction. Upon rupture of the polymer wall of the mono-capsule, the carboxylic acid and the mineral containing the metal chemically react with one another to form a reaction product that seals a rupture in the capsule and/or seals a feature of a surface upon which the capsules are disposed.

Time-temperature indicator comprising a side chain crystalline polymer

A temperature-activatable time-temperature indicator that can be used to monitor the historical exposure of a host product to ambient temperatures includes an optically readable, thermally sensitive indicator element. The indicator element can be inactive below a base temperature and is intrinsically thermally responsive at or above an activation temperature which is equal to or greater than the base temperature. The indicator can record cumulative ambient temperature exposure above the activation temperature irreversibly with respect to time. The indicator element can include a synthetic polymeric material, and optionally, a dye. A side-chain crystallizable polymer such as poly(hexadecylmethacrylate), that is solid below the base temperature and is a viscous liquid above the activation temperature can be employed. Intense indicator element colors can be obtained using an appropriate dye or dyes. Various structural configurations of indicator are described and illustrated.

DIMENSIONALLY STABLE PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND A CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

Methods for producing a dimensionally stable phase change material (PCM), and dimensionally stable PCMs are disclosed. The methods include providing a porous base material, mixing a phase change material having a polar functional group with a substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material for the porous base material to form a mixture thereof; and, thereafter, mixing the mixture with the porous base material until a selected saturation of phase change material in the porous base material is reached. The methods may include filtering the porous base material after the selected saturation is reached to form a cake of dimensionally stable PCM and, thereafter, reducing the size of the dimensionally stable PCM to an average mean particle size of about 10 to about 50 μm, or more preferably 20 to 30 μm. 1. A dimensionally stable phase change material comprising:a porous base material having within its pores a selected saturation amount of a mixture of a phase change material having a polar functional group and a substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material for the porous base material.2. The dimensionally stable phase change material of claim 1 , wherein the substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material comprises vinyl acetate.3. The dimensionally stable phase change material of claim 2 , wherein the substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.4. The dimensionally stable phase change material of claim 1 , having a maximum of 2% free phase change material leakage and a minimum enthalpy of 125 J/g as measured by differential scanning calorimetry.5. The dimensionally stable phase change material of claim 1 , having an average mean particle size of about 20 to about 30 μm; and wherein the porous base material comprises expanded perlite.6. A dimensionally stable phase change material made by a method comprising ...

MICROCAPSULES HAVING ACRYLIC POLYMERIC SHELLS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Microcapsules are described that include a hydrophobic core material within an acrylic polymeric shell that was polymerized from a monomeric blend that includes a mono-functional acrylic monomer as less than 25% by weight of the monomeric blend and a hyperbranched polyester acrylic oligomer as the balance of the monomeric blend, and methods of making the same. The methods include a two-stage polymerization process where the monomeric blend is polymerized with an azo-initiator in a first stage polymerization reaction and is subsequently further polymerized with a water soluble initiator in a second stage polymerization reaction. 1. A method for producing microcapsules , the method comprising:emulsion polymerizing, in a first stage, an organic phase comprising core material and acrylic monomers as wall material, the wall material being polymerized with an azo-initiator thereby forming a polymerized intermediate in capsule form; andpolymerizing further, in a second stage, the polymerized intermediate by addition of a water soluble initiator to form microcapsules.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble initiator includes persulfate claim 1 , water soluble azo-initiators claim 1 , or combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second stage further comprises:titrating the water soluble initiator as an aqueous solution into the polymerized intermediate.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising claim 3 , subsequent to titrating:heating to a cure temperature, and thereafter cooling to terminate the polymerization reaction.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first stage further comprises: at least one di-functional crosslinking acrylic monomer or mono-functional acrylic monomer; or', 'at least one each of a di-functional crosslinking acrylic monomer and a mono-functional acrylic monomer to form a monomeric blend; and', 'mixing the monomeric blend in an aqueous polymer solution to form an emulsion of oil droplets., 'blending at least one ...

MOISTURE WICKING AND COOLING CAPSULES HAVING AN OUTER SHELL COMPRISING A SILOXANE AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME

Microcapsules or macrocapsules have a core composition that includes a phase change material (PCM) encapsulated within a polymer wall with an outer shell having a siloxane tethered to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The siloxane may form a crystalline or a sol-gel outer shell. Methods of making such capsules and textile fabrics and clothing incorporating such capsules include treating pre-formed capsules with a surfactant solution followed by treating with a compound containing a siloxane functional group. The surfactant connects or tethers the siloxane to the exterior surface of the polymer wall and the siloxane forms an outer shell of the capsules. 1. A capsule comprising:a core composition comprising a phase change material (PCM);a polymer wall encapsulating the core composition; andan outer shell comprising a reaction product of a silicate and a metal-oxygen containing compound or a reaction product of a metal-oxygen containing compound and a compound containing a siloxane functional group chemically bonded to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant;wherein the capsules wick moisture.2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of a cationic surfactant claim 1 , an anionic surfactant claim 1 , and a non-ionic surfactant.3. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the PCM comprises a C-Chydrocarbyl.4. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex containing oxygen comprises NaAlSiO.5. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product forms a crystalline outer shell and the outer shell is a discontinuous shell.6. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant solution is in an organic solvent and the siloxane forms a sol-gel outer shell.7. The capsule claim 1 , wherein the capsule is a microcapsule or a macrocapsule.8. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the capsule is a microcapsule having a diameter of about 15 μm to about 25 μm.9. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the polymer wall comprises one ...

MICROCAPSULES HAVING DUAL REAGENTS SEPARATED BY THE CAPSULE WALL AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME

Ruptureable, dual reagent mono-capsules are disclosed that have a pre-formed capsule having a core composition, which includes a first reagent, encapsulated within a polymer wall, and a shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The shell is made from a second reagent that is chemically bonded to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction. Upon rupture of the polymer wall of the mono-capsule, the first reagent and the second reagent chemically react with one another to form a reaction product. 1. A ruptureable capsule comprising:a pre-formed capsule having a core composition encapsulated within a polymer wall, the core composition comprising a first reagent; anda shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant, the shell comprising a second reagent attracted to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction;wherein, upon rupture of the polymer wall, the first reagent and the second reagent chemically react with one another to form a reaction product.2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product seals the rupture in the capsule or seals a feature of a surface upon which the capsules are disposed.3. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the second reagent comprises a mineral containing a metal that is available for chemical attraction or bonding to the surfactant claim 1 , and the first reagent is a carboxylic acid.4. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum calcium claim 3 , silver claim 3 , magnesium claim 3 , iron claim 3 , copper claim 3 , and cobalt claim 3 , and combinations thereof.5. The capsule of claim 3 , wherein the metal is an aluminum.6. The capsules of claim 1 , wherein the second reagent is an inorganic compound and the shell connected to the exterior surface of the polymer wall by the surfactant is crystalline.7. The capsule of claim 6 , wherein the core composition comprises a natural oil claim 6 , and the ...

DIMENSIONALLY STABLE PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL AND A CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

Methods for producing a dimensionally stable phase change material (PCM), and dimensionally stable PCMs are disclosed. The methods include providing a porous base material, mixing a phase change material having a polar functional group with a substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material for the porous base material to form a mixture thereof; and, thereafter, mixing the mixture with the porous base material until a selected saturation of phase change material in the porous base material is reached. The methods may include filtering the porous base material after the selected saturation is reached to form a cake of dimensionally stable PCM and, thereafter, reducing the size of the dimensionally stable PCM to an average mean particle size of about 10 to about 50 μm, or more preferably 20 to 30 μm. 1. A method for producing a dimensionally stable phase change material , the method comprising:providing a porous base material;mixing a phase change material having a polar functional group with a substance that increases the polar attraction of the phase change material for the porous base material to form a mixture thereof; andmixing the mixture with the porous base material until a selected saturation of the mixture in the porous base material is reached.2. The method of , further comprising filtering the porous base material after mixing with the mixture to form a cake of dimensionally stable phase change material. The method of , further comprising reducing the size of the dimensionally stable phase change material to an average mean particle size of about 20 to about 50 μm.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding one or more Lewis acids and/or Lewis bases to the phase change material before mixing with the porous base material.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising introducing a filtrate from the filtering of the porous base material after mixing with the mixture into subsequent mixing of the porous base material and ...

Water based thermal cooling gels comprising a viscosity modifier and ice nucleating protein

Thermal cooling gel and cold packs enclosing such thermal cooling gel have an aqueous gel of 1% to 10% wt/wt of cellulose, 0.5 g/L to 2 g/L of an ice nucleating protein, and a biocide. The enthalpy of the thermal cooling gel is in a range of 250 J/g to 330 J/g.

Moisture Wicking and Cooling Capsules Having an Outer Shell Comprising a Siloxane and Methods for Making Same

Microcapsules or macrocapsules have a core composition that includes a phase changing material (PCM) encapsulated within a polymer wall with an outer shell having a siloxane tethered to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The siloxane may form a crystalline or a sol-gel outer shell. Methods of making such capsules and textile fabrics and clothing incorporating such capsules include treating pre-formed capsules with a surfactant solution followed by treating with a compound containing a siloxane functional group. The surfactant connects or tethers the siloxane to the exterior surface of the polymer wall and the siloxane forms an outer shell of the capsules.

MICROCAPSULES AND MACROCAPSULES HAVING LOW REMNANT FREE FORMALDEHYDE MICROCAPSULES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

A microcapsule or microcapsule having a polymer wall comprising a melamine formaldehyde reacted with a crosslinking agent to form a unit cell according to a general formula (II) and/or the polymer wall has a FT-IR Spectrum as shown in FIG. The crosslinking agent is a mixture of a reaction product of a cyclic urea (U) and a multifunctional aldehyde (A), and at least one crosslinker selected from the following group: a reaction products of (i) an aminotriazine and at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monoaldehydes and multifunctional aliphatic aldehydes, (ii) urea and/or cyclic ureas and formaldehyde, or (iii) phenols and aliphatic monoaldehydes, or from alkoxycarbonylaminotriazines, or multifunctional isocyanates, epoxides, aziridines, and carbodiimides. 2. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent comprises(a) a reaction product of a cyclic urea (U) and a multifunctional aldehyde (A), and [{'sub': 'n', '(b1) reaction products of an aminotriazine and at least one aldehyde selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monoaldehydes and multifunctional aliphatic aldehydes having the structure Y(CHO), where Y is an n-functional aliphatic residue, and n is greater than 1, where U is not dihydroxyethylene urea if the crosslinker (b) is (b1),'}, '(b2) reaction products of urea and/or cyclic ureas and formaldehyde,', '(b3) alkoxycarbonylaminotriazines,', '(b4) multifunctional isocyanates, optionally partially or completely blocked,', '(b5) reaction products of phenols and aliphatic monoaldehydes,', '(b6) multifunctional epoxides,', '(b7) multifunctional aziridines, and', '(b8) multifunctional carbodiimides,, '(b) at least one crosslinker selected from the group consisting of'}wherein any of the crosslinkers (a) and (b) which have hydroxyl groups are optionally etherified with one or more linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic alcohols3. The capsule of claim 1 , wherein the polymer wall has a thickness of about 0.2 μm to about ...

Carbonylation process for the production of aromatic acids and derivatives thereof

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof by the carbonylation of triaryl sulfonium salts. The triaryl sulfonium salts are reacted with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol or amine in the presence of a triaryl phosphine and a zero-valent metal catalyst selected from palladium or rhodium.

Methods for making low remnant free formaldehyde microcapsules and microcapsules made by same

Electrochemical synthesis of diaryliodonium salts

Electrochemical process for preparing diaryliodonium salts using a single compartment and a carbon anode. The process has high current efficiency and, optionally, increased para, para' regioselectivity. The process proceeds in the presence of a solvent such as acetic acid and an electrolyte such as a compound of fluorine or sulfuric acid.

Microcapsules having dual reagents separated by the capsule wall and methods for making same

Ruptureable, dual reagent mono-capsules are disclosed that have a core composition, which includes a first reagent, encapsulated within a polymer wall, and a shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The shell is made from a second reagent that is chemically bonded to the surfactant by a chemical electrostatic interaction. Upon rupture of the polymer wall of the mono-capsule, the first reagent and the second reagent chemically react with one another to form a reaction product.

Capsules having surfactant tethered outer shells and methods for making same

Microcapsules are disclosed that have a core composition encapsulated within a polymer wall, and an inorganic shell connected to an exterior surface of the polymer wall by a surfactant. The inorganic shell has a cation attracted to the surfactant and an anion or anion equivalent chemically bonded to the cation to form the shell or has the metal portion of a metal-containing compound attracted to the surfactant to form the shell. The shell may comprise a Ca, Mg, or Ag metal compound. The shell may be a graphene oxide-metal compound.

Freeze indicators with a controlled temperature response

A freeze indicator can include an indicator dispersion having an aqueous liquid medium and organic material indicator particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid medium. The indicator dispersion can have an initial appearance before freezing and an irreversibly different appearance after freezing and can exhibit a freeze-onset temperature of about -1.9°C or higher. Some factors helpful to providing a relatively high freeze onset temperature are employment of a proteinaceous ice-nucleating agent, control of pH, use of a protein stabilizer and control of the ratio of protein stabilizer to ice-nucleating agent.

制御された温度応答を有する凍結インジケータ

【課題】水性液体媒体中に有機材料インジケータ粒子の分散液を含む凍結インジケータを提供すること。 【解決手段】凍結インジケータは、水性液体媒体と、水性液体媒体中に分散された有機材料インジケータ粒子とを有するインジケータ分散液を含むことが可能である。インジケータ分散液は、凍結前の初期外観と、凍結後の不可逆的に異なる外観とを有することが可能であり、約−１．９℃以上の凍結開始温度を示すことが可能である。比較的高い凍結開始温度を提供するのに役立つ一部の因子は、タンパク質性氷核形成剤の採用、ｐＨの制御、タンパク質安定化剤の使用、および氷核形成剤に対するタンパク質安定化剤の割合の制御である。 【選択図】なし

Color-changing emulsions for freeze indicators

A color-changing emulsion for use in a freeze indicator can employ a dispersion medium, for example, an aqueous liquid, a first reactant phase and a second reactant phase, which two reactant phases can both be dispersed in the dispersion medium. The first reactant phase includes a hydrophobic liquid and a first reactant, for example, a color precursor such as a leuco dye. The second reactant phase can include a hydrophobic liquid, and includes, or can be, a second reactant, for example, a color developer such as a leuco dye developer. The first and second reactant phases can be essentially unmixed, and can be co-reactable to provide a color change. In response to a freezing temperature, the color-changing emulsion can coagulate and change color irreversibly. An intense color change can be obtained by using, for example, a suitable leuco dye precursor and developer.

Visual and electronically readable temperature indicator

Visual and electronically readable temperature indicators and methods of making the same have an electric circuit with a microchip and a bridge within the circuit, and a facing material over the electric circuit. The bridge includes either a single layer or multiple layers that include a conductive material, a phase change material having a pre¬ selected melt temperature, a binder, a first colorant that is soluble in the phase change material and/or a second colorant that is a special effect pigment. In operation, at temperatures below the pre-selected melt temperature, the bridge is electrically conductive, and at a temperature at or above the pre-selected melt temperature, the phase change material melts and dilutes the conductive material, so that the bridge is electrically non-conductive, and a color change occurs that is visible to the user through the facing material such as through a transparent window or in an absorbent material.

Color-changing emulsions for freeze indicators

Color-changing emulsions for freeze indicators

A color-changing emulsion for use in a freeze indicator can employ a dispersion medium, for example, an aqueous liquid, a first reactant phase and a second reactant phase, which two reactant phases can both be dispersed in the dispersion medium. The first reactant phase includes a hydrophobic liquid and a first reactant, for example, a color precursor such as a leuco dye. The second reactant phase can include a hydrophobic liquid, and includes, or can be, a second reactant, for example, a color developer such as a leuco dye developer. The first and second reactant phases can be essentially unmixed, and can be co-reactable to provide a color change. In response to a freezing temperature, the color-changing emulsion can coagulate and change color irreversibly. An intense color change can be obtained by using, for example, a suitable leuco dye precursor and developer.

Co-crystallizable diacetylenic monomer compositions, crystal phases and mixtures, and related methods

Solid polymerizable diacetylenic monomer compositions, including compositions co-crystallized from a diversity of solvent systems under diverse cooling conditions, can exhibit diffraction patterns associated with the color development reactivities of the compositions. High reactivity compositions are disclosed and high reactivity and low reactivity phases can be identified. A low angle powder X-ray diffraction peak can indicate the presence of one or more crystal phases in a composition. A fingerprint region can exhibit fingerprint patterns of diffraction peaks associated with different reactivities. Information about polymerization of the diacetylenic monomers is disclosed using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance ("NMR") characterization. Diacetylenic monomer compositions useful in ambient condition indicators, for example time-temperature indicators are disclosed.

Co-crystallizable diacetylenic monomer compositions, crystal phases and mixtures, and related methods