Link emission control

Establishing a communication link may include transmitting by a first device an unmodulated first electromagnetic EHF signal and receiving by a second device the first electromagnetic EHF signal. The second device may determine whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion and a second shield portion are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal may be enabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that both the shield portions are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second signal may be disabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first and second shield portions are not in alignment.

WIRELESS CONNECTIONS WITH VIRTUAL HYSTERESIS

Circuit connectors for establishing EHF communication include a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal, and an output circuit coupled to the receiver. The output circuit has two states of operation that correspond to enabling a signal output and disabling the signal output. The output circuit is also configured to change its state of operation responsive to a state of a control signal, and a controller is coupled to the receiver and configured to produce the control signal. The control signal has two states that correspond to a first condition when the received signal exceeds a first threshold and a second condition when the received signal is less than a second threshold. 1. A first contactless connector included in a first device for communicating with a second contactless connector included in a second device using extremely high frequency (EHF) signals , the first contactless connector comprising:a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal from the second contactless connector;an output circuit coupled to the receiver configured to output the transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal when a control signal has a first state and configured to not output the transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal when the control signal has a second state; anda hysteresis controller coupled to the receiver and the output circuit, the hysteresis controller comprising a rate circuit configured to determine a rate of change of a signal strength of the received EHF electromagnetic signal, the hysteresis controller configured to produce the control signal having the second state if the determined rate of change is greater than a specified threshold.2. The first contactless connector of claim 1 , wherein determining the rate of change comprises determining a period of time between a time the signal strength reaches a lower threshold and a time the signal strength reaches an upper threshold claim 1 , and wherein the hysteresis ...

CONTACTLESS AUDIO ADAPTER, AND METHODS

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement for cabled Standards-based interfaces (such as USB, I2S) which handles data transfer requirements associated with the Standard, and capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing enclosing the devices. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips. Conductive paths or an inductive link providing power between devices. An audio adapter communicates over a contactless link with a source device, and via a physical link with a destination device such as a conventional headset. Power may be provided to the adapter from the source device, and by the adapter to the destination device. 117.-. (canceled)18. A first device for establishing contactless USB communications with a second device , the first device comprising:a USB controller; and a plurality of contacts coupled to the USB controller;', 'a transducer; and', determine a USB electrical condition existing on at least one of the contacts; and', 'contactlessly transmit a contactless signal indicative of the determined USB electrical condition via the transducer to a recipient CCU in the second device, wherein the contactless signal indicative of the determined USB electrical condition enables the recipient CCU to replicate the same USB electrical condition on at least one of its contacts., 'circuitry coupled to the contacts and the transducer and operative to], 'a contactless communications unit (CCU) comprising19. The first device of claim 18 , wherein the determined electrical condition is part of a negotiation sequence between the USB controller and another USB controller coupled to the recipient CCU in the second device for establishing a physical communications link claim 18 , and wherein the contactlessly transmitted contactless signal indicative of the ...

Delta modulated low-power EHF communication link

A system for communicating modulated EHF signals may include a modulation circuit responsive to a bi-level transmit information signal for generating a transmit output signal. The transmit output signal may have an EHF frequency when the transmit information signal is at a first information state and may be suppressed when the transmit information signal is at a second information state. A transmit transducer operatively coupled to the modulation circuit may be responsive to the transmit output signal for converting the transmit output signal into an electromagnetic signal.

Link Emission Control

Establishing a communication link may include transmitting by a first device an unmodulated first electromagnetic EHF signal and receiving by a second device the first electromagnetic EHF signal. The second device may determine whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion and a second shield portion are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal may be enabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that both the shield portions are in alignment and may be disabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first and second shield portions are not in alignment.

CONTACTLESS SIGNAL SPLICING

A first electronic device may include a first electronic circuit and a second electronic circuit is provided. The first electronic device may include an internal communication link providing a signal path for conducting communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit. An interface circuit may be operatively coupled to the internal communication link. The interface circuit may include an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from another EHF communications circuit of a second electronic device. This EHF electromagnetic signal may enable the second electronic device to control or monitor the first electronic device. 1. An electronic device comprising:a first electronic circuit having an output coupled to a first input of a multiplexer using an internal communication link included in an interface circuit;a second electronic circuit having an input coupled to an output of the multiplexer; an input coupled to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from an external device, and', 'a first output coupled to send a data payload included in the EHF signal received from the external device to a second input of the multiplexer; and, 'the interface circuit including a first extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit comprising interpret the EHF signal received from the external device, and', the data payload included in the EHF signal received from the external device, or', 'the output of the first electronic device from the internal communication link., 'responsive to the interpretation, cause the multiplexer to select whether to send to the input of the second electronic device], 'a controller configured to2. The electronic device according to claim 1 , further comprising a second EHF communications circuit having a first input coupled to receive an internal communication signal from the internal communication link claim 1 , and having an output configured ...

Waveguides for capturing close-proximity electromagnetic radiation transmitted by wireless chips during testing on automated test equipment (ATE)

A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

Wireless connections with virtual hysteresis

Circuit connectors for establishing EHF communication include a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal, and an output circuit coupled to the receiver. The output circuit has two states of operation that correspond to enabling a signal output and disabling the signal output. The output circuit is also configured to change its state of operation responsive to a state of a control signal, and a controller is coupled to the receiver and configured to produce the control signal. The control signal has two states that correspond to a first condition when the received signal exceeds a first threshold and a second condition when the received signal is less than a second threshold.

EHF secure communication device

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key.

SMART CONNECTORS AND ASSOCIATED COMMUNICATIONS LINKS

“Smart” connectors with embedded processors, measurement circuits and control circuits are disclosed for establishing a “contactless” radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communications link between two electronic devices having host systems. The connectors are capable of monitoring, controlling, and directing (managing) link operation to dynamically adapt to conditions, as well as monitoring and altering (or modifying) data passing through the connector, and selecting a protocol suitable for a communications session. The connectors are capable of identifying the type of content being transferred, providing authentication and security services, and enabling application support for the host systems based on the type of connection or the type of content. The connectors may operate independently of the host systems, and may perform at least one of sensing proximity of a nearby object; detecting a shape of a nearby object; and detecting vibrations. 119.-. (canceled)20. A method for providing application support for a host system of a first device that uses a contactless communications link existing between first and second contactless connectors , wherein the first contactless connector is associated with the first device and the second contactless connector is associated with a second device , the method implemented in the first contactless connector , the method comprising:controlling operation of the contactless communications link, wherein the contactless communications link is actively conveying contactless signals between the first and second contactless connectors;determining at least one characteristic of the contactless communications link; andperforming application support for the host system based on the determined at least one characteristic of the contactless communications link.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the determined at least one characteristic of the contactless communications link comprises register ...

Wireless communication with dielectric medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element.

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME TO ESTABLISH USB DATA TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS

EHF communication systems described herein can selectively implement any one of the USB standards by mapping appropriate USB signal conditions over an EHF contactless communication link. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors, and as such enables wired connection USB signaling protocols to be used in a non-wired environment provided by the EHF contactless communications link. Use of a USB protocol over the EHF communications link can be accomplished by establishing the EHF link between counterpart EHF communication units, and then by establishing the appropriate USB protocol over the link. 1. A contactless communications transmitter unit (CCTU) for use in establishing a contactless communications link with a first contactless communications receiver unit (CCRU) that is associated with a second USB device and for use in communicating with a second CCRU via at least one wired path , the contactless communication transmitter unit comprising:a plurality of pins, wherein at least a first pin is used to communicate with the second CCRU via a wired path and at least a second pin is used to communicate with a first Universal Serial Bus (USB) device;a transducer for transmitting extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless signals to the first CCRU; 'execute a CCTU state machine that tracks a state of the CCTU during the establishment of the contactless communications link, wherein the state machine transitions through a plurality of states in response to signals received by the first pin, wherein one of the plurality of states comprises a capabilities state for determining a data transfer protocol;', 'circuitry operative toexecute a USB state machine during the capabilities state to enable the first USB device to establish a USB connection with the second USB device via the contactless communication link, wherein the USB state machine transitions through a plurality of USB states in ...

Extremely high frequency systems and methods of operating the same to establish USB data transport protocols

EHF communication systems described herein can selectively implement any one of the USB standards by mapping appropriate USB signal conditions over an EHF contactless communication link. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors, and as such enables wired connection USB signaling protocols to be used in a non-wired environment provided by the EHF contactless communications link. Use of a USB protocol over the EHF communications link can be accomplished by establishing the EHF link between counterpart EHF communication units, and then by establishing the appropriate USB protocol over the link.

EHF secure communication device

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key.

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION CHIP

An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip includes one or more local oscillator circuits, a transducer circuit and at least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit. Each of the local oscillator circuits may have a local oscillator and configured collectively to generate first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies. The first EHF frequency may be different than the second EHF frequency. The transducer circuit may have a first transducer for transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals. The modulator may be coupled to the local oscillator circuits for modulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal with a first transmit base data signal. The demodulator may be for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal.

Scalable High-Bandwidth Connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly. 1. An integrated circuit package , comprising:a dielectric substrate;at least one die on the dielectric substrate;a first antennae connected to the at least one die;a second antennae connected to the at least one die and spaced apart from the first antennae; andan extremely high frequency (EHF) radiation-blocking structure that blocks propagation of EHF radiation between the first antennae and the second antennae via the dielectric substrate, the EHF radiation-blocking structure at least partially located between the first antennae and the second antennae and comprised of electrically conductive material.2. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 , wherein the EHF radiation-blocking structure is configured to block propagation of radiation having an operating frequency of the first and second antennaes.3. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 , wherein the EHF radiation-blocking structure extends into the dielectric structure in an uninterrupted line away from the at least one die.4. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 , further comprising a around plane attached to the dielectric structure and wherein the EHF radiation-blocking structure includes a via fence having a strip of conductive material on a surface of the dielectric ...

Contactless replacement for cabled standards-based interfaces

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices.

Waveguides for capturing close-proximity electromagnetic radiation transmitted by wireless chips during testing on automated test equipment (ATE)

A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

CONTACTLESS REPLACEMENT FOR CABLED STANDARDS-BASED INTERFACES

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices. 119.-. (canceled)20. A dielectric coupler for use in propagating contactless signals between first and second devices , the first device comprising first circuitry and a first transducer , and the second device comprising second circuitry and a second transducer , the dielectric coupler comprising: a first end;', 'a second end;', at least one dielectric transmission medium for enabling contactless signals to propagate along the long axis; and', 'a conductive material disposed around the at least one dielectric transmission medium for further enabling propagation of contactless signals along the long axis;, 'an elongated portion having a long axis and positioned between the first and second ends, the elongated portion comprising, 'wherein the first end is constructed to be coupled to the first device; and', 'wherein the second end is constructed to be coupled to the second device., 'a dielectric waveguide structure comprising21. The dielectric coupler of claim 20 , wherein when the first end is coupled to the first device claim 20 , the first transducer is disposed adjacent to the first end.22. The dielectric coupler of claim 20 , wherein when ...

Contactless signal splicing using an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication link

A first electronic device includes a first electronic circuit and a second electronic circuit. The first electronic device may include an internal communication link providing a signal path for conducting communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit. An interface circuit may be operatively coupled to the internal communication link. The interface circuit may include an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from another EHF communications circuit of a second electronic device. This EHF electromagnetic signal may enable the second electronic device to control or monitor the first electronic device.

Extremely high frequency communication chip

An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip includes one or more local oscillator circuits, a transducer circuit and at least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit. Each of the local oscillator circuits may have a local oscillator and configured collectively to generate first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies. The first EHF frequency may be different than the second EHF frequency. The transducer circuit may have a first transducer for transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals. The modulator may be coupled to the local oscillator circuits for modulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal with a first transmit base data signal. The demodulator may be for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal.

Modular Electronics

A computing device includes an integrated unit having a plurality of functional components, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit. The EHF communication unit includes a transducer configured to transmit and receive EHF electromagnetic signals, and convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals. The computing device includes a transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer. The EHF communication unit may enable at least one of the functional components of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device. 1. A computing device , comprising:an integrated unit comprising a plurality of functional components; and a transducer configured to:', 'transmit and receive EHF electromagnetic signals, and convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and', 'a transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer;, 'an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit, the EHF communication unit includingwherein the EHF communication unit enables at least one of the functional components of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device.2. The computing device of claim 1 , wherein a coupling surface of the computing device comprises a port characteristic configured to transmit and/or receive EHF electromagnetic signals from a coupling surface of the external computing device.3. The computing device of claim 3 , wherein the port characteristic is included in a waveguide configured to propagate EHF electromagnetic signals.4. The computing device of claim 4 , wherein the waveguide comprises dielectric material.5. The computing device of claim 1 , further comprising a functionality expansion unit configured to identify and select one or more functional components of the external computing device by transmitting and/or receiving EHF electromagnetic ...

Extremely high frequency systems and methods of operating the same

Embodiments discussed herein refer to systems, methods, and circuits for establishing EHF contactless communications links. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors. The link may be a low-latency protocol-transparent communication link capable of supporting a range of data rates. The link may be established through a close proximity coupling between devices, each including at least one EHF communication unit. Each EHF unit involved in establishing an EHF communication link may progress through a series of steps before data can be transferred between the devices. These steps may be controlled by one or more state machines that are being implemented in each EHF communication unit.

Wireless Communication With Dielectric Medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element. 1. A connector comprising: a first communication unit disposed on a dielectric substrate and coupled to a first transducer, the first transducer configured to convert received electrical data into an electromagnetic signal operating in an extremely high frequency (EHF) band,', 'a second communication unit disposed on the dielectric substrate and coupled to a second transducer, the second transducer configured to convert an electromagnetic signal operating in the EHF band received from a source external to the connector, and', 'a sleeve assembly having a first portion surrounding one or more sides of the first communication unit and having a second portion surrounding one or more sides of the second communication unit; and, 'a connector housing that encapsulatesa pair of magnets disposed at least partially in the connector housing and positioned flush with a mating surface of the connector housing, the mating surface of the connector housing comprising an alignment portion configured to mate with a corresponding portion of a ...

Integrated circuit with electromagnetic communication

A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver ...

Link Emission Control

Establishing a communication link may include transmitting by a first device an unmodulated first electromagnetic EHF signal and receiving by a second device the first electromagnetic EHF signal. The second device may determine whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion and a second shield portion are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal may be enabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that both the shield portions are in alignment and may be disabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first and second shield portions are not in alignment.

WIRELESS CONNECTIONS WITH VIRTUAL HYSTERESIS

Circuit connectors for establishing EHF communication include a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal, and an output circuit coupled to the receiver. The output circuit has two states of operation that correspond to enabling a signal output and disabling the signal output. The output circuit is also configured to change its state of operation responsive to a state of a control signal, and a controller is coupled to the receiver and configured to produce the control signal. The control signal has two states that correspond to a first condition when the received signal exceeds a first threshold and a second condition when the received signal is less than a second threshold. 1. A first contactless connector included in a first device for communicating with a second contactless connector included in a second device using extremely high frequency (EHF) signals , the first contactless connector comprising:a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal from the second contactless connector;a low-pass filter connected to the receiver and configured to generate an averaged signal proportional to a strength of the transmitted EHF signal;an enable circuit configured to receive the transmitted EHF signal from an output of the low pass filter, the enable circuit configured to output the transmitted EHF signal when a control signal has a first state and configured to not output the transmitted EHF signal when the control signal has a second state; and produce the control signal having the second state until the determined signal strength of the averaged signal exceeds a first threshold for a first time interval, whereupon the controller produces the control signal having the first state to enable the enable circuit to output the transmitted EHF signal from the receiver; and thereafter', 'produce the control signal with the second state to disable the enable circuit from outputting the transmitted EHF signal from the ...

Modular electronics

A computing device includes an integrated unit having a plurality of functional components, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit. The EHF communication unit includes a transducer configured to transmit and receive EHF electromagnetic signals, and convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals. The computing device includes a transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer. The EHF communication unit may enable at least one of the functional components of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device.

CROSS-TALK BLOCKING STRUCTURES FOR EM COMMUNICATION

Systems and apparatus for electromagnetic communications are provided. One of the apparatuses include a communication module, the communication module including: a printed circuit board; a plurality of integrated circuit packages, each integrated circuit package including at least one transmitter, receiver, or transceiver; a plurality of signal guiding structures, each signal guiding structure being associated with a corresponding integrated circuit package of the plurality of integrated circuit packages; and one or more signal blocking structures positioned between one or more pairs of integrated circuit packages. 1. An apparatus comprising: a printed circuit board;', 'a plurality of integrated circuit packages, each integrated circuit package including at least one transmitter, receiver, or transceiver;', 'a plurality of signal guiding structures, each signal guiding structure being associated with a corresponding integrated circuit package of the plurality of integrated circuit packages, wherein each signal guiding structure comprises a material that surrounds a perimeter of each corresponding integrated circuit package and has a height extending a specified amount in a direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the integrated circuit package; and', 'one or more signal blocking structures positioned between one or more pairs of integrated circuit packages of the plurality of integrated circuit packages., 'a communication module, the communication module including2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of integrated circuit packages includes one or more transmitter integrated circuit packages and one or more receiver integrated circuit packages.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of integrated circuit packages are positioned on a surface of the printed circuit board and wherein each signal guiding structure encircles at least a portion of the corresponding integrated circuit package.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , ...

Contactless audio adapter, and methods

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement for cabled Standards-based interfaces (such as USB, I2S) which handles data transfer requirements associated with the Standard, and capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing enclosing the devices. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips. Conductive paths or an inductive link providing power between devices. An audio adapter communicates over a contactless link with a source device, and via a physical link with a destination device such as a conventional headset. Power may be provided to the adapter from the source device, and by the adapter to the destination device.

Virtualized physical layer adapted for EHF contactless communication

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link. The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. A virtualized contactless Physical Layer (VcPHY) may comprise a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY), and a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for coupling a conventional Link Layer (LINK) with the contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY). Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies.

Contactless EHF data communication

An electronic device may include an auxiliary circuit providing an operative function, a data signal circuit, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) wireless transmitter. The auxiliary circuit may produce a first low frequency data signal. The data signal circuit may be coupled to the auxiliary circuit for encoding a first composite data signal including the first low frequency data signal and the first base high frequency data signal. The EHF wireless transmitter may transmit the first encoded composite data signal to an external device over a wireless EHF communication link. The transmitted encoded composite data signal may have a predefined rate of carrier modulation.

BPSK demodulation

Methods, systems, and apparatus for EM communications. One of the apparatus includes a super-regenerative amplifier (SRA) configured to receive a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated signal and to output an amplitude signal as a function of changes in phase in the BPSK modulated signal; a pseudo synchronous demodulator that rectifies the amplitude signal and generates an envelope of the rectified amplitude signal; and an analog to digital converter that converts the amplitude values of the envelope to digital binary values.

Scalable high-bandwidth connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

Proximity sensing using EHF signals

A system for sensing proximity using EHF signals may include a communication circuit configured to transmit via a transducer an EM signal at an EHF frequency, and a proximity sensing circuit configured to sense a nearby transducer field-modifying object by detecting characteristics of a signal within the communication circuit. A system for determining distance using EHF signals may include a detecting circuit coupled to a transmitting communication circuit and a receiving communication circuit, both communication circuits being mounted on a first surface. The transmitting communication circuit may transmit a signal toward a second surface, and the receiving communication circuit may receive a signal relayed from the second surface. The detecting circuit may determine distance between the first surface and a second surface based on propagation characteristics of the signals.

Waveguides for Capturing Close-Proximity Electromagnetic Radiation Transmitted by Wireless Chips During Testing on Automated Test Equipment (ATE)

A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

Link emission control

Establishing a communication link may include transmitting by a first device an unmodulated first electromagnetic EHF signal and receiving by a second device the first electromagnetic EHF signal. The second device may determine whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion and a second shield portion are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal may be enabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that both the shield portions are in alignment and may be disabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first and second shield portions are not in alignment.

Low-profile wireless connectors

An electronic device may include a PCB having a substantially planar surface and one or more electronic components mounted thereon. A first EHF communication unit may be mounted on the substantially planar surface of the PCB. The first EHF communication unit may include a first planar die containing a first communication circuit, the first die extending along the substantially planar surface of the PCB in a die plane. A first antenna may be operatively connected to the first circuit by interconnecting conductors, the first antenna being configured to at least one of transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation along a plane of the substantially planar surface of the PCB. The first EHF communication unit may have an uppermost surface having a height from the substantially planar surface of the PCB, the first EHF communication unit height being determined by an uppermost surface of the die, the first antenna, and the interconnecting conductors.

Contactless replacement for cabled standards-based interfaces

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices.

Contactless signal splicing using an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication link

A first electronic device may include a first electronic circuit and a second electronic circuit. The first electronic device may include an internal communication link providing a signal path for conducting communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit. An interface circuit may be operatively coupled to the internal communication link. The interface circuit may include an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from another EHF communications circuit of a second electronic device. This EHF electromagnetic signal may enable the second electronic device to control or monitor the first electronic device.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC COMMUNICATION

A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver. 1. A system for transmitting or receiving signals , the system comprising:a transducer configured to convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signalsan integrated circuit (IC) operatively coupled to the transducer, the IC containing at least one of a transmitter circuit that transforms a baseband signal into a radio-frequency signal and conducts the radio-frequency electrical signal to the transducer for transmission as an electromagnetic signal and a receiver circuit that receives from the transducer a radio-frequency electrical signal received as an electromagnetic signal by the transducer and transforms the electromagnetic signal into a baseband signal; andinsulating material in which the IC and transducer are at least partly embedded, the insulating material holding the transducer and IC in fixed locations spaced relative to each other.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric substrate supporting the transducer claim 1 , IC and insulating material ...

SCALABLE HIGH-BANDWIDTH CONNECTIVITY

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

SCALABLE HIGH-BANDWIDTH CONNECTIVITY

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

DELTA MODULATED LOW POWER EHF COMMUNICATION LINK

A system for communicating modulated EHF signals may include a modulation circuit responsive to a bi-level transmit information signal for generating a transmit output signal. The transmit output signal may have an EHF frequency when the transmit information signal is at a first information state and may be suppressed when the transmit information signal is at a second information state. A transmit transducer operatively coupled to the modulation circuit may be responsive to the transmit output signal for converting the transmit output signal into an electromagnetic signal. 1. A system for communicating modulated EHF signals , comprising:a modulation circuit responsive to a bi-level transmit information signal for generating a transmit output signal having an EHF frequency when the transmit information signal is at a first information state and suppressing the transmit output signal when the transmit information signal is at a second information state different than the first information state; anda transmit transducer operatively coupled to the modulation circuit and responsive to the transmit output signal for converting the transmit output signal into an electromagnetic signal.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an edge-detecting circuit responsive to a binary data input signal for generating the bi-level transmit information signal claim 1 , the data input signal having a first binary state for a bit period of time when representative of a data bit ‘1’ and a second binary state for the bit period of time when representative of a data bit ‘0 claim 1 ,’ there being transitions between the first binary state and the second binary state claim 1 , the edge-detecting circuit generating the bi-level transmit information signal including an edge-indicating pulse generated in response to each transition in the data input signal between the first and second binary states claim 1 , the first information state of the transmit information signal being the state ...

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH DIELECTRIC MEDIUM

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element. 1. An electronic device comprising:a first dielectric substrate;at least a first electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data;at least a first communication unit having a first antenna, the first communication unit mounted to the substrate in communication with the at least a first electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a first data signal conducted by the at least a first electronic circuit, the first electromagnetic signal transmitted or received along a first signal path by the first antenna; anda first electromagnetic signal guide assembly including a first dielectric element made of a first dielectric material disposed proximate the first antenna in the first signal path and having sides extending along the first signal path, and a first sleeve element extending around the first dielectric element along at least a portion of the sides of the first dielectric element, the first sleeve element impeding transmission of the first ...

LOW-PROFILE WIRELESS CONNECTORS

An electronic device may include a PCB having a substantially planar surface and one or more electronic components mounted thereon. A first EHF communication unit may be mounted on the substantially planar surface of the PCB. The first EHF communication unit may include a first planar die containing a first communication circuit, the first die extending along the substantially planar surface of the PCB in a die plane. A first antenna may be operatively connected to the first circuit by interconnecting conductors, the first antenna being configured to at least one of transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation along a plane of the substantially planar surface of the PCB. The first EHF communication unit may have an uppermost surface having a height from the substantially planar surface of the PCB, the first EHF communication unit height being determined by an uppermost surface of the die, the first antenna, and the interconnecting conductors. 1. An electronic device comprising:a printed circuit board (PCB), having a substantially planar surface and one or more electronic components mounted thereon;a first extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit mounted on the substantially planar surface of the PCB, the first EHF communication unit comprising:at least a first planar die containing at least a first communication circuit, the first die extending along the substantially planar surface of the PCB in a die plane; anda first antenna operatively connected to the first circuit by interconnecting conductors, the first antenna being configured to at least one of transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation along a plane of the substantially planar surface of the PCB;wherein the first EHF communication unit has an uppermost surface having a height from the substantially planar surface of the PCB, the first EHF communication unit height being determined by an uppermost surface of the die, the first antenna, and the interconnecting conductors.2. The electronic ...

CONTACTLESS SIGNAL SPLICING

A first electronic device may include a first electronic circuit and a second electronic circuit is provided. The first electronic device may include an internal communication link providing a signal path for conducting communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit. An interface circuit may be operatively coupled to the internal communication link. The interface circuit may include an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from another EHF communications circuit of a second electronic device. This EHF electromagnetic signal may enable the second electronic device to control or monitor the first electronic device. 1. An electronic device comprising:a first electronic circuit;a second electronic circuit;an internal communication link providing a signal path for conducting communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit; andan interface circuit operatively coupled to the internal communication link and including an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal from an external device and generate from the received EHF electromagnetic signal a receive communication signal, the interface circuit selectively applying the receive communication signal to the internal communication link.2. The electronic device according to further comprising a second EHF communications circuit configured to generate an EHF electromagnetic signal from an internal communication signal conducted on the internal communication link claim 1 , and transmit the generated EHF electromagnetic signal to the external device.3. The electronic device according to claim 2 , wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit a modulated EHF signal representing communication signals between the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit.4. The electronic device according to ...

SCALABLE HIGH-BANDWIDTH CONNECTIVITY

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly. 1. An EHF communication unit comprising a die including a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit; a first antenna operatively connected to the transmitter circuit; a second antenna operatively connected to the receiver circuit; and dielectric material encapsulating and holding in relative spaced relationship the first antenna , the second antenna , and the die , the first and second antennas transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation having different respective polarization characteristics.2. The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the first and second antennas transmit or receive linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation and a first polarization direction vector of radiation transmitted by the first antenna is oriented orthogonally to a second polarization direction vector of radiation received by the second antenna.3. The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the first antenna transmits one of right-handed and left-handed polarized electromagnetic radiation claim 1 , and the second antenna receives the other of right-handed and left-handed polarized electromagnetic radiation.4. The communication unit of claim 1 , wherein the die has a length and a width; the first antenna is located at a first port disposed at a point ...

LINK EMISSION CONTROL

Establishing a communication link may include transmitting by a first device an unmodulated first electromagnetic EHF signal and receiving by a second device the first electromagnetic EHF signal. The second device may determine whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion and a second shield portion are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal may be enabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that both the shield portions are in alignment. The transmission of a modulated second signal may be disabled when the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first and second shield portions are not in alignment. 1. A method for managing a communication link between a first device and a second device , the first device having a first shield portion and the second device having a second shield portion , the method comprising:receiving by the second device a first electromagnetic EHF signal transmitted by the first device;determining by the second device whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first shield portion of the first device and the second shield portion of the second device are in alignment; andin response to a determination that the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that the first shield portion and the second shield portion are in alignment, enabling by the second device transmission of a modulated second electromagnetic EHF signal by the second device.2. The method of wherein determining whether the received first electromagnetic EHF signal indicates that a first shield portion of the first device and a second shield portion of the second device are in alignment; includes determining whether the first shield portion and second shield portion are sufficiently in alignment for the first shield portion and the second shield portion to form a continuous shield.3. The method of further ...

Contactless replacement for cabled standards-based interfaces

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices.

CONTACTLESS AUDIO ADAPTER, AND METHODS

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement for cabled Standards-based interfaces (such as USB, I2S) which handles data transfer requirements associated with the Standard, and capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing enclosing the devices. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips. Conductive paths or an inductive link providing power between devices. An audio adapter communicates over a contactless link with a source device, and via a physical link with a destination device such as a conventional headset. Power may be provided to the adapter from the source device, and by the adapter to the destination device. 1. An audio adapter for providing a communications link between a first device which comprises at least a source of electronic audio signals and a second device which comprises at least a destination for electronic audio signals , the audio adapter comprising:means for converting between digital electrical signals and analog electrical signals; andmeans for exchanging the analog electrical signals with the second device over a physical link;characterized by:means for communicating EHF signals contactles sly with the first device over an anisotropic physical path through a dielectric medium, and for converting between EHF signals and digital electrical signals.2. The audio adapter of claim 1 , further comprising:means for receiving power from an external power source and for providing the power to at least one of the first and second devices.3. The audio adapter of claim 2 , wherein:the means for receiving power comprises at least one of contacts on the audio adapter, and an inductive coil within the audio adapter.4. The audio adapter of claim 2 , wherein:the external power source comprises at least one of contacts on at least one of the ...

Dielectric conduits for ehf communications

Dielectric conduits for the propagation of electromagnetic EHF signals include an elongate body of a dielectric material extending continuously along a longitudinal axis between a first terminus and a second terminus. At each point along the longitudinal axis, an orthogonal cross-section of the elongate body has a first dimension along a major axis of the cross-section, where the major axis extends along the largest dimension of the cross-section. The orthogonal cross-section also has a second dimension along a minor axis of the cross-section, where the minor axis extends along a widest dimension of the cross-section that is at a right angle to the major axis. For each cross-section of the elongate body, the first dimension is greater than the wavelength of the electromagnetic EHF signals and the second dimension is less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic EHF signals.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DUPLEX COMMUNICATION

A communication device includes an EHF communication unit, a data signal line, and a protocol bridge element. The EHF communication unit includes a transceiver, and an antenna coupled to the transceiver. The data signal line carries a data signal conforming to a first communication protocol. The protocol bridge element is coupled to the data signal line and EHF communication unit, and configured to receive a first protocol-compliant data signal from the data signal line, translate the first protocol-compliant data signal to an outbound binary signal, time-compress the outbound binary signal, and transmit the outbound time-compressed signal to the transceiver. The protocol bridge element is further configured to receive an inbound time-compressed signal from the transceiver, time-decompress inbound time-compressed signal to an inbound binary signal, translate inbound binary signal to conform to a second communication protocol, and provide second protocol-compliant signal to the first data signal line. 1. A communication device comprising: a transceiver configured to receive and demodulate an inbound EHF signal into an inbound time-compressed signal, and to receive and modulate an outbound time-compressed signal into an outbound EHF signal; and', 'an antenna coupled to the transceiver configured to receive the outbound EHF signal from the tranceiver and transmit the outbound EHF signal, and to receive an inbound EHF signal and provide the inbound EHF signal to the transceiver;, 'a first EHF communication unit configured to transmit and receive EHF signals, wherein the first EHF communication unit comprisesa first data signal line configured to carry a data signal conforming to a first communication protocol; and receive a first protocol-compliant data signal from the first data signal line, translate the first protocol-compliant data signal to an outbound binary signal, time-compress the outbound binary signal, and transmit the outbound time-compressed signal to the ...

SYSTEM FOR CONSTRAINING AN OPERATING PARAMETER OF AN EHF COMMUNICATION CHIP

An EHF communication system including an EHF communication chip. The EHF communication chip may include an EHF communication circuit having at least one controllable parameter-based module having a testable and controllable operating parameter The EHF communication chip may further include a test and trim circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit, where the test and trim circuit includes a logic circuit having one or more memory elements, where the logic circuit is coupled to the controllable parameter-based module. 1. An EHF communication system , comprising:an EHF communication chip, including:an EHF communication circuit, wherein the EHF communication circuit comprises at least one controllable parameter-based module having a testable and controllable operating parameter; anda test and trim circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit, wherein the test and trim circuit includes a logic circuit having one or more memory elements;wherein the logic circuit is coupled to the at least one controllable parameter-based module having an associated testable and controllable operating parameter.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more memory elements include a nonvolatile memory element and a temporary data register.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the test and trim circuit further comprises an interface configured to operatively connect an external control circuit to the logic circuit claim 1 , wherein the external control circuit is configured to control operation of the test and trim circuit.4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising an external test and trim rig including the external control circuit claim 3 , wherein the test and trim rig is operatively connected to the interface of the EHF communication chip.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the operating parameter is controlled by a signal that is representative of a parameter value stored in one of the non-volatile memory and the temporary data register.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein ...

SMART CONNECTORS AND ASSOCIATED COMMUNICATIONS LINKS

“Smart” connectors with embedded processors, measurement circuits and control circuits are disclosed for establishing a “contactless” radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communications link between two electronic devices having host systems. The connectors are capable of monitoring, controlling, and directing (managing) link operation to dynamically adapt to conditions, as well as monitoring and altering (or modifying) data passing through the connector, and selecting a protocol suitable for a communications session. The connectors are capable of identifying the type of content being transferred, providing authentication and security services, and enabling application support for the host systems based on the type of connection or the type of content. The connectors may operate independently of the host systems, and may perform at least one of sensing proximity of a nearby object; detecting a shape of a nearby object; and detecting vibrations. 1. Method of operating a contactless communications link with a contactless connector associated with an electronic device;characterized by the contactless connector is capable of performing at least one of:(i) controlling operation of the communications link;(ii) monitoring data passing through the connector;(iii) monitoring operation of the communication link; and(iv) providing application support to a host system of the electronic device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contactless connector is further capable of performing at least one of:determining a quality of the communications link;reacting to a quality of the communications link;detecting another contactless connector on the communications link;determining a connection state for the communications link;verifying a proper connection for the communications link;providing security for a communication session on the communications link;determining if a connection failure is imminent;providing connection strength telemetry; ...

WIRELESS CONNECTIONS WITH VIRTUAL HYSTERESIS

Circuit connectors for establishing EHF communication include a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal, and an output circuit coupled to the receiver. The output circuit has two states of operation that correspond to enabling a signal output and disabling the signal output. The output circuit is also configured to change its state of operation responsive to a state of a control signal, and a controller is coupled to the receiver and configured to produce the control signal. The control signal has two states that correspond to a first condition when the received signal exceeds a first threshold and a second condition when the received signal is less than a second threshold. 1. A circuit connector for communicating between devices , comprising:a receiver configured to receive a transmitted EHF electromagnetic signal;an output circuit coupled to the receiver and responsive to a control signal for outputting an output signal representative of the received signal when the control signal has a first state and for not outputting the output signal when the control signal has a second state; and produce the control signal having the second state until a signal strength of the received signal exceeds a first threshold for a first time interval, whereupon the controller produces the control signal having the first state; and thereafter', 'produce the control signal with the second state when the signal strength of the received signal fails to meet a second threshold for a second time interval., 'a controller coupled to the receiver and configured to'}2. The circuit connector of claim 1 , wherein the first and second thresholds are the same claim 1 , and the first and second time intervals are the same.3. The circuit connector of claim 1 , wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold.4. The circuit connector of claim 1 , whereinthe receiver is configured to receive a modulated EHF electromagnetic signal and convert the ...

EHF Receiver Architecture with Dynamically Adjustable Discrimination Threshold

An EHF receiver that determines an initial slicing voltage level and dynamically adjusts the slicing voltage level and/or amplifier gain levels to account for characteristics of the received EHF electromagnetic data signal. The architecture includes an amplifier, detector, adaptive signal slicer, and controller. The detector includes a main detector and replica detector that convert the received EHF electromagnetic data signal into a baseband signal and a reference signal. The controller uses the baseband signal and reference signal to determine an initial slicing voltage level, and dynamically adjust the slicing voltage level and the gain settings of the amplifier to compensate for changing signal conditions. 1. A receiver device comprising:a detector circuit configured to receive an EHF electromagnetic signal and generate a baseband signal and an initial reference signal; and [ sample the initial reference signal to determine an initial reference signal setting value,', 'during a first time period, determine a difference between the initial reference signal setting value and a reference signal setting value, and', 'during a second time period, adjust the initial reference signal setting value when the determined difference is more than a reference signal threshold value;, 'a reference signal feedback loop configured to, sample the baseband signal,', 'compute an average baseband signal using a plurality of samples of the baseband signal to determine an average baseband value,', 'determine a difference between the average baseband value and the initial reference signal setting value, and', 'compute an initial discrimination threshold voltage level value using the determined difference; and, 'a baseband signal feedback loop configured to, 'an amplifier configured to apply the initial discrimination threshold voltage level value to the baseband signal., 'a voltage slicer circuit comprising2. A method comprising:generating a baseband signal and an initial reference ...

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME

Embodiments discussed herein refer to systems, methods, and circuits for establishing EHF contactless communications links. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors. The link may be a low-latency protocol-transparent communication link capable of supporting a range of data rates. The link may be established through a close proximity coupling between devices, each including at least one EHF communication unit. Each EHF unit involved in establishing an EHF communication link may progress through a series of steps before data can be transferred between the devices. These steps may be controlled by one or more state machines that are being implemented in each EHF communication unit. 138.-. (canceled)39. A method comprising:establishing a connection between two physical layers that exchange data with each other via a half-duplex contactless link, wherein a first physical layer serves as an upstream device and wherein the second physical layer serves as a downstream device, wherein the establishing comprises: executing a state machine that tracks a state of the CCU during the establishment of the connection via the half-duplex contactless link, wherein the state machine transitions through a plurality of states in response to signals received via the half-duplex contactless link; and', 'transmitting data via the half-duplex contactless link in response to a state transition of the state machine., 'managing the half-duplex contactless link by selectively transitioning a contactless communications unit (CCU) between transmit and receive modes of operation, wherein the managing comprises40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the plurality of states comprises a link training state claim 39 , a capabilities message state claim 39 , and a data transport state.41. The method of claim 39 , wherein the CCU is part of a wake up loop comprising the CCU associated with the first physical layer and ...

Waveguides for capturing close-proximity electromagnetic radiation transmitted by wireless chips during testing on automated test equipment (ate)

A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

Proximity Sensing Using EHF Signals

A system for sensing proximity using EHF signals may include a communication circuit configured to transmit via a transducer an EM signal at an EHF frequency, and a proximity sensing circuit configured to sense a nearby transducer field-modifying object by detecting characteristics of a signal within the communication circuit. A system for determining distance using EHF signals may include a detecting circuit coupled to a transmitting communication circuit and a receiving communication circuit, both communication circuits being mounted on a first surface. The transmitting communication circuit may transmit a signal toward a second surface, and the receiving communication circuit may receive a signal relayed from the second surface. The detecting circuit may determine distance between the first surface and a second surface based on propagation characteristics of the signals. 1. A communication system comprising:a first amplifier configured to receive a radio frequency input signal and generate an amplified output signal having an extremely high frequency (EHF) component;a transducer operatively coupled to receive the amplified output signal from the first amplifier, the transducer configured to transform the amplified output signal to an electromagnetic signal operating in the EHF band of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum; and compare a frequency of a composite signal to a frequency of a reference signal, the composite signal received from the plurality of signal conductors, the reference signal received from a reference conductor operatively coupled to the proximity-sensing circuit, and', 'generate an indication of proximity of the communication system to a transducer field-modifying device when the frequency of the composite signal is different than the frequency of the reference signal., 'a proximity-sensing circuit, operatively coupled to the transducer via a plurality of signal conductors and configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the frequency ...

CONTACTLESS REPLACEMENT FOR CABLED STANDARDS-BASED INTERFACES

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices. 119.-. (canceled)20. A method comprising: receiving a sequence of electrical signaling conditions from first circuitry associated with the first device, wherein the first circuitry is designed to communicate with second circuitry associated with the second device over a physical interface coupling the first and second devices, wherein the first and second circuitry operate within fixed timing constraints that govern a negotiation of the sequence of electrical signaling conditions between the first and second circuitry to establish a physical communications link;', 'converting the received sequence of electrical signals into electromagnetic signals; and', 'contactlessly transmitting the electromagnetic signals to the second device to enable the second circuitry to receive a replication of the received sequence of electrical signaling conditions and establish the emulated communications link even though the physical communications link does not exist between the first and second devices,', 'wherein establishment of the emulated communications link enables the first and second circuitry to operate as if they established the physical ...

EHF Receiver Architecture with Dynamically Adjustable Discrimination Threshold

An EHF receiver that determines an initial slicing voltage level and dynamically adjusts the slicing voltage level and/or amplifier gain levels to account for characteristics of the received EHF electromagnetic data signal. The architecture includes an amplifier, detector, adaptive signal slicer, and controller. The detector includes a main detector and replica detector that convert the received EHF electromagnetic data signal into a baseband signal and a reference signal. The controller uses the baseband signal and reference signal to determine an initial slicing voltage level, and dynamically adjust the slicing voltage level and the gain settings of the amplifier to compensate for changing signal conditions. 1. A receiver device comprising:a detector circuit configured to receive an extremely high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic signal and generate a baseband signal and an initial reference signal; and [ sample the initial reference signal to determine an initial reference signal setting value,', 'during a first time period, determine a difference between the initial reference signal setting value and a reference signal setting value, and', 'during a second time period, adjust the initial reference signal setting value when the determined difference is more than a reference signal threshold value;, 'a reference signal feedback loop configured to, sample the baseband signal,', 'compute an average baseband signal using a plurality of samples of the baseband signal to determine an average baseband value,', 'determine a difference between the average baseband value and the initial reference signal setting value, and', 'compute an initial discrimination threshold voltage level value using the determined difference; and', 'an amplifier configured to apply the initial discrimination threshold voltage level value to the baseband signal., 'a baseband signal feedback loop configured to], 'a voltage slicer circuit comprising2. The receiver device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Wireless Communication With Dielectric Medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element.

Integrated Circuit with Electromagnetic Communication

A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver. 1. A system comprising:a substrate;an integrated circuit (IC) mounted to the substrate, the IC including a transmitter circuit that transforms a baseband signal into an extremely high frequency (EHF) electrical signal;a transducer operatively coupled to the IC, the transducer to convert the EHF electrical signal into an EHF electromagnetic signal having a wavelength; and a plurality of ground vias extending through the substrate, the plurality of ground vias forming a via wall surrounding at least three sides of a space and the plurality of ground vias being spaced apart by less than one sixth of the wavelength of the EHF electromagnetic signal; and', 'a ground plane overlapping with the transducer and the ground vias., 'an electromagnetic-energy directing assembly to direct electromagnetic energy from the transducer in a direction away from the IC, the electromagnetic-energy directing assembly comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the via wall comprises:a first via wall;a ...

EHF Secure Communication Device

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key.

CONTACTLESS REPLACEMENT FOR CABLED STANDARDS-BASED INTERFACES

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement (substitute, alternative) for cabled (electric) Standards-based interfaces (such as, but not limited to USB) which effectively handles the data transfer requirements (such as bandwidth, speed, latency) associated with the Standard, and which is also capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions (such as voltage levels) on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link may be provided between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing may enclose the devices. Some applications for the contactless (EM) interface are disclosed. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips which are several meters apart. Conductive paths may provide power and ground for bus-powered devices. 119.-. (canceled)20. An apparatus , comprising:an electrical interface configured to communicate electrically with a first device;a first transducer configured to receive and convert an electromagnetic signal into a first electrical signal, wherein the electromagnetic signal includes a value indicative of a physical condition of a second device, and the physical condition includes at least one of a termination resistance and a drive strength; and obtain the value indicative of the physical condition from the first electrical signal; and', 'reproduce the physical condition., 'a first circuit configured to21. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the electrical interface is configured to communicate electrically with the first device according to a standards-based protocol; andwherein the first circuit is configured to reproduce the physical condition with a timing requirement.22. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the physical condition is an electrical condition.23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the electrical condition is a voltage level of a data line of the second device.24. The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising an ...

System For Constraining An Operating Parameter Of An EHF Communication Chip

An EHF communication system including an EHF communication chip. The EHF communication chip may include an EHF communication circuit having at least one controllable parameter-based module having a testable and controllable operating parameter The EHF communication chip may further include a test and trim circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit, where the test and trim circuit includes a logic circuit having one or more memory elements, where the logic circuit is coupled to the controllable parameter-based module. 1. A system comprising: determine a reference value of a target parameter of the EHF communication circuit;', 'receive information describing an actual value of the target parameter of the EHF communication circuit via the control interface;', 'receive comparison information describing a comparison of the determined reference value and the information describing the actual value of the target parameter; and', 'receive, via the control interface, information indicating a determination of whether to modify a temporary control setting associated with the target parameter., 'a control circuit coupled to an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication circuit via a control interface, the control circuit configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is further configured to modify the temporary control setting by a specified adjustment value when the comparison information indicates that the actual value of the target parameter exceeds the target parameter tolerance level.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the control circuit is further configured to:compare the specified adjustment value to an adjustment threshold;receive an adjusted actual value of the target parameter based on a modified temporary control setting; andreceive updated comparison information describing a comparison of the reference value and the adjusted actual value of the target parameter.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the control circuit is further ...

MODULAR ELECTRONICS

A computing device includes an integrated unit having a plurality of functional components, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit. The EHF communication unit includes a transducer configured to transmit and receive EHF electromagnetic signals, and convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals. The computing device includes a transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer. The EHF communication unit may enable at least one of the functional components of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device. 1. A method of configuring an electronic device comprising first and second electronics modules , the first electronics module including a first operative component that is electrically connected to a first communication unit , the first communication unit including a transducer configured to transmit and/or receive an extremely high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic signal , and to convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals , and an integrated circuit including at least one of a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit that is operatively coupled to the transducer , the second electronics module including a second operative component that is electrically connected to a second communication unit , the second communication unit including a transducer configured to transmit and/or receive an EHF electromagnetic signal , and to convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals , and a second integrated circuit including at least one of a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit that is operatively coupled to the transducer , the method comprising:orienting respective faces of the first and second electronics modules relative to one another;attaching the first electronics module to the second electronics module with the respective faces opposing each other; andestablishing an EHF communication link between ...

CONTACTLESS AUDIO ADAPTER, AND METHODS

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement for cabled Standards-based interfaces (such as USB, I2S) which handles data transfer requirements associated with the Standard, and capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing enclosing the devices. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips. Conductive paths or an inductive link providing power between devices. An audio adapter communicates over a contactless link with a source device, and via a physical link with a destination device such as a conventional headset. Power may be provided to the adapter from the source device, and by the adapter to the destination device. 117-. (canceled)18. An adapter for providing a communications link between a first device which comprises at least a source of electronic signals and a second device which comprises at least a destination for electronic signals , the adapter comprising:an interface for coupling with the second device; andcontactless communications circuitry electrically coupled to provide signals to the interface, the contactless communications circuitry communicates EHF signals contactlessly with the first device over an anisotropic physical path through a dielectric medium, wherein the anisotropic physical path through the dielectric medium is characterized by a point-to-point contactless communications scheme that has an effective range on the order of one centimeter when the dielectric medium is air.19. The adapter of claim 18 , further comprising a power source coupled to supply power to the contactless communications circuitry.20. The adapter of claim 19 , wherein the power source comprises an inductive coil.21. The adapter of claim 18 , further comprising at least one contact designed to interface with at least one of the first and second devices ...

Modular Electronics

A computing device includes an integrated unit having a plurality of functional components, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit. The EHF communication unit includes a transducer configured to transmit and receive EHF electromagnetic signals, and convert between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals. The computing device includes a transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer. The EHF communication unit may enable at least one of the functional components of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device. 1an integrated unit comprising one or more functional components; and a transducer configured to transmit, receive, or both transmit and receive an EHF electromagnetic signal, and convert between an electrical signal and the EHF electromagnetic signal;', 'a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver operatively coupled to the transducer, wherein the EHF communication unit enables at least one of the functional components of the integrated unit of the computing device to be supplemented by a functional component of an external computing device; and', 'a functionality expansion unit configured to identify and select the functional component of the external computing device by transmitting, receiving, or both transmitting and receiving the EHF electromagnetic signal through a coupling surface of the computing device., 'an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit operatively coupled to the integrated unit, the EHF communication unit including. A computing device, comprising: This application is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/290,342 filed on Oct. 11, 2016, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/109,938, “MODULAR ELECTRONICS,” filed on Dec. 17, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,531,425 issued on Dec. 27, 2016, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 ...

VIRTUALIZED PHYSICAL LAYER ADAPTED FOR EHF CONTACTLESS COMMUNICATION

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link. The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. A virtualized contactless Physical Layer (VcPHY) may comprise a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY), and a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for coupling a conventional Link Layer (LINK) with the contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY). Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies. 126.-. (canceled)27. A method of communicating between electronic devices over an EHF contactless communications link , at least one device having a host system comprising a Physical Layer (PHY) and a first Standards-based Data Link Layer (LINK) and an EHF contactless EHF IC comprising at least one transceiver (EHF-XCVR) and capable of communicating over the EHF contactless communications link , the method comprising:receiving a data stream operating according to specifications of the first LINK;translating the data stream such that it operates according to specifications of a contactless link-based Link Layer (cLINK) existing within the PHY and specifications of a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY) existing within the PHY, wherein the Host-cPHY implements interface specifications and medium requirements for sending and receiving signals over the EHF contactless link via the EHF contactless EHF IC, and wherein the cLINK couples the first LINK with the Host-cPHY; andcontactlessly transmitting ...

EHF SECURE COMMUNICATION DEVICE

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key. 1. A first device comprising: a transmitter unit configured to transmit first data using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic energy to a second device over a first transmission path;', 'a receiver unit configured to receive second data from the second device over a second transmission path; and', detect training information included in an EHF transmission received from the second device,', 'evaluate one or more attributes of the detected training information,', 'determine whether to establish a communication link for exchanging information in a transport mode over the first and the second transmission paths with the second device based on the evaluation,', 'calculate a round-trip propagation time between a first time when the first device transmits the training information to the second device and a second time when the first device receives the training information transmitted from the second device,', 'generate an encryption key based at least in part on the calculated round-trip propagation time, and', 'encrypt information exchanged in the transport mode ...

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME

Embodiments discussed herein refer to systems, methods, and circuits for establishing EHF contactless communications links. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors. The link may be a low-latency protocol-transparent communication link capable of supporting a range of data rates. The link may be established through a close proximity coupling between devices, each including at least one EHF communication unit. Each EHF unit involved in establishing an EHF communication link may progress through a series of steps before data can be transferred between the devices. These steps may be controlled by one or more state machines that are being implemented in each EHF communication unit. 138.-. (canceled)39. A method for using a first extremely high frequency (EHF) communication unit , the method including:entering the first EHF communication unit into a power savings state of operation after an extremely high frequency (EHF) communications link has been established with a second EHF communication unit, wherein when the first EHF communication unit is operating in the power saving mode, the method further including: monitoring whether any EHF signals are being received via the EHF transceiver circuitry when the EHF transceiver circuitry is ON; and', 'determining if received EHF signals are indicative of one of a first pulse and a second pulse,', 'wherein in determining that the received EHF signals are indicative of the first pulse, transitioning the first EHF communication unit to a first state; and', 'wherein in determining that the received EHF signals are indicative of the second pulse, instructing the first EHF communication unit to continue operating in the power savings state of operation., 'power cycling EHF transceiver circuitry ON and OFF;'}40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the first state is a data transport state.41. The method of claim 39 , wherein the instructing the ...

EHF SECURE COMMUNICATION DEVICE

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key. 1. A method comprising:exchanging first information via wireless signals with a communication device;calculating a round-trip propagation time of the first information traveling to and from the communication device;generating an encryption key based at least in part on the calculated round-trip propagation time; and encrypting, using the encryption key, the second information sent to the communication device, and', 'decrypting, using the encryption key, the second information received from the communication device., 'exchanging second information via wireless signals with the communication device, the exchanging includes at least one of2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first information is unencrypted.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating an indication of proximity of the communication device based at least in part on the calculated round-trip propagation time.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculated round-trip propagation time is an average of multiple calculations of round-trip propagation time of the first information.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

Waveguides for Capturing Close-Proximity Electromagnetic Radiation Transmitted by Wireless Chips During Testing on Automated Test Equipment (ATE)

A test fixture has a flexible plastic cable that acts as a waveguide. The Device-Under-Test (DUT) is a small transceiver and antenna that operate in the Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) band of 30-300 GHz. The size of the DUT transceiver is very small, limiting the power of emitted electromagnetic radiation so that close-proximity communication is used. The envelope for reception may only extend for about a centimeter from the DUT transceiver, about the same size as the test socket. A slot is formed in the test socket very near to the antenna. The slot receives one end of the plastic waveguide. The slot extends into the envelope by the DUT transceiver so that close-proximity radiation is captured by the plastic waveguide. The waveguide has a high relative permittivity and reflective metalized walls so that the radiation may be carried to a receiver that is outside the envelope.

System For Constraining An Operating Parameter Of An EHF Communication Chip

An EHF communication system including an EHF communication chip. The EHF communication chip may include an EHF communication circuit having at least one controllable parameter-based module having a testable and controllable operating parameter The EHF communication chip may further include a test and trim circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit, where the test and trim circuit includes a logic circuit having one or more memory elements, where the logic circuit is coupled to the controllable parameter-based module. 1. An integrated circuit device comprising:an extremely high frequency (EHF) communication circuit configured to operate independent of external reference clock;a test and trim circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit, the test and trim circuit configured to determine a setting for a carrier frequency value of an oscillator included in the EHF communication circuit within a predetermined range of carrier frequencies; anda storage element coupled to the test and trim circuit, the storage element configured to store the setting of the carrier frequency of the oscillator.2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the test and trim circuit is further configured to provide the stored setting of the carrier frequency to a control circuit coupled to the EHF communication circuit via a control interface.3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the test and trim circuit is further configured to:determine an actual value of the carrier frequency of the oscillator;compare the actual value of the carrier frequency with the stored setting of the carrier frequency; anddetermine whether to modify the stored setting of the carrier frequency based on the comparison.4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the test and trim circuit is further configured to send information indicating a determination of whether to modify the stored setting of the carrier frequency of the oscillator to the control circuit via the control interface.5. The ...

PHYSICAL LAYER ADAPTED FOR EHF CONTACTLESS COMMUNICATION

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (Host-cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link). The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies. 1. A first electronic device comprising:a host system comprising a Physical Layer (PHY) and a Link Layer (LINK); andan EHF contactless EHF IC comprising at least one transceiver (EHF-XCVR) and capable of communicating over a contactless link with a second electronic device;characterized by:the PHY comprises a first contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY) which communicates with the EHF IC for at least one of transmitting and receiving signals over the contactless link.2. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first electronic device further comprises:at least one of a Standards-based Link Layer (LINK) and a contactless Link Layer (cLINK).3. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one EHF-XCVR is configured to operate as either a transmitter or receiver, or both.4. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:the Host-cPHY is capable of transmitting and receiving electrical signals that can interface with a PHY that conforms to a Standards-based protocol.5. The first electronic device of claim 1 , wherein:control and status data is communicated between the host system and the EHF IC to provide power management and control of the EHF IC.6. The first electronic device of claim 1 , ...

CONTACTLESS EHF DATA COMMUNICATION

An electronic device may include an auxiliary circuit providing an operative function, a data signal circuit, and an extremely high frequency (EHF) wireless transmitter. The auxiliary circuit may produce a first low frequency data signal. The data signal circuit may be coupled to the auxiliary circuit for encoding a first composite data signal including the first low frequency data signal and the first base high frequency data signal. The EHF wireless transmitter may transmit the first encoded composite data signal to an external device over a wireless EHF communication link. The transmitted encoded composite data signal may have a predefined rate of carrier modulation. 1. An electronic device comprising:an auxiliary circuit providing an operative function for the electronic device, the auxiliary circuit producing a first low frequency data signal;a first data signal circuit coupled to the auxiliary circuit for encoding a first composite data signal with the first low frequency data signal and the first base high frequency data signal; andan extremely high frequency (EHF) wireless transmitter for transmitting over a first wireless EHF communication link the first encoded composite data signal to an external device, the transmitted encoded composite data signal having a predefined rate of carrier modulation.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary circuit is a power transfer circuit configured to produce a first low frequency power management signal as the first low frequency data signal.3. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the first low frequency power management signal is a low frequency control signal used in the control of power transfer between the electronic device and the external device.4. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the EHF transmitter receives the first encoded composite data signal at a first composite bit rate and maintains the predefined rate of carrier modulation such that a bit rate at which data is ...

VIRTUALIZED PHYSICAL LAYER ADAPTED FOR EHF CONTACTLESS COMMUNICATION

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link. The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. A virtualized contactless Physical Layer (VcPHY) may comprise a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY), and a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for coupling a conventional Link Layer (LINK) with the contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY). Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies. 1. An electronic device comprising:a host system (Host IC) operating with an Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network architecture comprising a Physical Layer (PHY) and a first Standards-based Data Link Layer (LINK); andan EHF contactless EHF IC (EHF IC) comprising at least one transceiver (EHF-XCVR) and capable of communicating over an EHF contactless link transmission medium with an other electronic device;characterized by:the PHY layer (PHY) comprises at least one virtualized contactless link-based Physical Layer (VcPHY) comprising:a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY) which is adapted to implement interface specifications and medium requirements for sending and receiving signals over the EHF contactless link via the EHF contactless EHF IC (EHF IC); anda second Link Layer (cLINK) for coupling the first Standards-based Link Layer (LINK) with the contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY).2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:the second Link Layer (cLINK) comprises a functionality that is ...

Misalignment-Tolerant High-Density Multi-Transmitter/Receiver Modules For Extremely-High Frequency (EHF) Close-Proximity Wireless Connections

Docked devices communicate wirelessly and in close proximity using multiple transmitters of Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) signals of 30-300 GHz. The devices may not be precisely aligned when docked. Tolerance of misalignment is improved by adding barriers such as solid metal blocks or rows of metal-filled vias that have a spacing of less than one-quarter the EHF wavelength. The barriers reflect EHF radiation and prevent EHF radiation from penetrating the barrier. Barriers placed between adjacent transmitters and receivers block stray electromagnetic radiation from causing cross-talk. The barriers can be placed closer to the transmitters than to the receivers to allow for a wider area for reception, permitting a wider misalignment. EHF reflecting features such as ground planes spaced a quarter-wavelength apart may be added to an end of a substrate near a connecting edge to act as a barrier and reflect electromagnetic radiation back toward an intended receiver. 1. A close-proximity device comprising:a substrate having metal wiring traces for making electrical connections;a transmitter mounted to the substrate, for generating a transmit signal having a transmit frequency;a transmit transducer coupled to the transmitter, receiving the transmit signal from the transmitter and generating transmitted electromagnetic radiation in a transmit envelope of radiation;a receiver mounted to the substrate, for receiving a signal having a receive frequency;a receive transducer, coupled to the receiver, receiving a portion of an envelope of received electromagnetic radiation emitted from a transmitter on a second device that is within a close proximity, the receive transducer generating a received signal; anda barrier situated between the transmit transducer and the receive transducer, the barrier blocking a portion of the transmitted electromagnetic radiation from the transmit transducer to the receive transducer.2. The close-proximity device of claim 1 , wherein the transmit ...

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME

Embodiments discussed herein refer to systems, methods, and circuits for establishing EHF contactless communications links. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors. The link may be a low-latency protocol-transparent communication link capable of supporting a range of data rates. The link may be established through a close proximity coupling between devices, each including at least one EHF communication unit. Each EHF unit involved in establishing an EHF communication link may progress through a series of steps before data can be transferred between the devices. These steps may be controlled by one or more state machines that are being implemented in each EHF communication unit. 1. A contactless communications receiver unit (CCRU) for use in establishing a contactless communications link with a first contactless communications transmitter unit and for use in communicating with at least a second contactless communications transmitter unit via at least one wired path , the contactless communication receiver unit comprising:a plurality of pins, wherein at least a first pin is used to communicate with the second transmitter unit via a wired path;a transducer for receiving extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless signals from the first transmitter unit; and execute a CCRU state machine that tracks a state of the CCRU during the establishment of the contactless communications link, wherein the state machine transitions through a plurality of states in response to signals received by the transducer; and', 'selectively drive a signal on the at least one pin used to communicate with the second transmitter unit in response to a state transition., 'circuitry operative to2. The contactless communications receiver unit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of states comprises a link training state claim 1 , a capabilities state claim 1 , and a data transport state.3. The contactless ...

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION CHIP

An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip includes one or more local oscillator circuits, a transducer circuit and at least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit. Each of the local oscillator circuits may have a local oscillator and configured collectively to generate first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies. The first EHF frequency may be different than the second EHF frequency.The transducer circuit may have a first transducer for transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals. The modulator may be coupled to the local oscillator circuits for modulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal with a first transmit base data signal. The demodulator may be for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal. 1. An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip comprising:one or more local oscillator circuits each having a local oscillator, the one or more local oscillator circuits being configured collectively to generate at least first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies, the first EHF frequency being different than the second EHF frequency, a transducer circuit having at least a first transducer, for transmitting, receiving, or both transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals having the first EHF frequency or the second EHF frequency; andat least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit, the modulator being coupled to the one or more local oscillator circuits for modulating with a first transmit base data signal the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal, and the demodulator for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal.2. The electromagnetic EHF communication chip of claim 1 , wherein the one or more local ...

EHF Secure Communication Device

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key. 1. A data communication device comprising: a transmitter unit configured to transmit data using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) electromagnetic energy to a computing device over a first transmission path', 'a receiver unit configured to receive data from the computing device over a second transmission path; and', detect identifying information from an EHF transmission transmitted by a computing device,', 'detect training and capability information from an EHF transmission transmitted by the computing device,', 'evaluate one or more attributes of the detected training and the detected capability information, and', 'determine whether to establish a communication link over the first and the second paths with the computing device based on the evaluation., 'an interface control circuit coupled to the transmitter unit and the receiver unit, and configured to], 'a communication interface unit comprising2. The communication device of claim 1 , wherein the interface control unit is further configured to transmit communication device capability information and receive computing ...

Scalable High-Bandwidth Connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly. 1. A device , comprising:a dielectric substrate having a major surface, the major surface aligning with and parallel to a major surface of a second substrate;a plurality of chips arranged on the major surface of the dielectric substrate, comprising a plurality of Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication units,wherein each of the plurality of EHF communication units comprises an antenna and is configured to transmit and/or receive respective EHF electromagnetic signals in a first direction away from the major surface of the dielectric substrate, andwherein each of the plurality of EHF communication units is configured to establish a respective communication channel oriented in the first direction with a corresponding EHF communication unit of a second plurality of EHF communication units disposed at a corresponding location of the major surface of the second substrate.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and the second substrate are separated by an intervening layer.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the intervening layer comprises a covering encasing the plurality of chips on the major surface of the substrate.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the intervening layer comprises a conductive material and includes a window ...

Extremely high frequency systems and methods of operating the same to establish usb data transport protocols

EHF communication systems described herein can selectively implement any one of the USB standards by mapping appropriate USB signal conditions over an EHF contactless communication link. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors, and as such enables wired connection USB signaling protocols to be used in a non-wired environment provided by the EHF contactless communications link. Use of a USB protocol over the EHF communications link can be accomplished by establishing the EHF link between counterpart EHF communication units, and then by establishing the appropriate USB protocol over the link.

CONTACTLESS AUDIO ADAPTER, AND METHODS

A contactless, electromagnetic (EM) replacement for cabled Standards-based interfaces (such as USB, I2S) which handles data transfer requirements associated with the Standard, and capable of measuring and replicating relevant physical conditions on data lines so as to function compatibly and transparently with the Standard. A contactless link between devices having transceivers. A non-conducting housing enclosing the devices. A dielectric coupler facilitating communication between communications chips. Conductive paths or an inductive link providing power between devices. An audio adapter communicates over a contactless link with a source device, and via a physical link with a destination device such as a conventional headset. Power may be provided to the adapter from the source device, and by the adapter to the destination device. 117.-. (canceled)18. A first device for use in establishing a contactless communications link with a second device , the first device comprising: first contactless communications circuitry (CCC) configured for transmitting data via a first contactless communications link to the second device; and', 'second contactless communications circuitry (CCC) configured for receiving data via a second contactless communications link from the second device; and, 'a frill-duplex transceiver system comprisinga data bus coupled to provide data signals to and receive data signals from the full-duplex transceiver system,wherein the first CCC comprises a first state machine that is operative to track protocol states of the first CCC, and wherein the second CCC comprises a second state machine that is operative to track protocol states of the second CCC.19. The first device of claim 18 , wherein the protocol states tracked by the first and second state machines comprise a capabilities state.20. The first device of claim 18 , wherein the protocol states tracked by the first and second state machines comprise a data transfer speed state.21. The first device ...

Physical layer adapted for ehf contactless communication

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (Host-cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link). The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies.

SMART CONNECTORS AND ASSOCIATED COMMUNICATIONS LINKS

“Smart” connectors with embedded processors, measurement circuits and control circuits are disclosed for establishing a “contactless” radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communications link between two electronic devices having host systems. The connectors are capable of monitoring, controlling, and directing (managing) link operation to dynamically adapt to conditions, as well as monitoring and altering (or modifying) data passing through the connector, and selecting a protocol suitable for a communications session. The connectors are capable of identifying the type of content being transferred, providing authentication and security services, and enabling application support for the host systems based on the type of connection or the type of content. The connectors may operate independently of the host systems, and may perform at least one of sensing proximity of a nearby object; detecting a shape of a nearby object; and detecting vibrations. 119.-. (canceled)20. A method for managing a bookkeeping service , comprising:establishing a contactless communications link between a first contactless connector associated with a first device and a second contactless connector associated with a second device;determining whether to transfer a data set from the first device to the second device via the contactless communications link, wherein the data set is part of the bookkeeping service; andin response to determining that the data set is to be transferred, modifying a portion of the data set while it is being transferred from the first device to the second device.21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the first contactless connector modifies the first data set as it passes through the first contactless connector onto the contactless communications link.22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:determining a characteristic of the second device; andwherein the modifying is based on the determined characteristic of the second device.23. ...

Delta Modulated Low-Power EHF Communication Link

A system for communicating modulated EHF signals may include a modulation circuit responsive to a bi-level transmit information signal for generating a transmit output signal. The transmit output signal may have an EHF frequency when the transmit information signal is at a first information state and may be suppressed when the transmit information signal is at a second information state. A transmit transducer operatively coupled to the modulation circuit may be responsive to the transmit output signal for converting the transmit output signal into an electromagnetic signal. 1. A system comprising:an edge detector having an input coupled to receive an input signal and having an output that generates a transmit information signal, the transmit information signal including an edge-indicating pulse generated when the input signal transitions from a first state to a second state, the edge-indicating pulse having a duration less than the bit period time of the data input signal;a modulator having an input to receive the transmit information signal from the edge detector and having an output that generates a transmit output signal having a first output level when the transmit information signal is in a first state, and having a second output level when the transmit information signal is in a second state; anda transmit transducer coupled to receive the output of the modulator and having an output to generate a modulated electromagnetic signal including a first pulse when the transmit output signal transitions from the second state to the first state, and to generate a second pulse when the transmit output signal transitions from the first state to the second state.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic signal operates in the extremely high frequency (EHF) spectrum.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first pulse is has a greater bit period than the second pulse.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the information signal has a first edge-indicating pulse ...

Wireless Communication with Dielectric Medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element.

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME

Embodiments discussed herein refer to systems, methods, and circuits for establishing EHF contactless communications links. The EHF contactless communication link may serve as an alternative to conventional board-to-board and device-to-device connectors. The link may be a low-latency protocol-transparent communication link capable of supporting a range of data rates. The link may be established through a close proximity coupling between devices, each including at least one EHF communication unit. Each EHF unit involved in establishing an EHF communication link may progress through a series of steps before data can be transferred between the devices. These steps may be controlled by one or more state machines that are being implemented in each EHF communication unit. 138-. (canceled)39. A first apparatus including:an extremely high frequency (EHF) transceiver; and control establishment of an EHF communications link with a second apparatus by executing a state machine that tracks a state of the first apparatus by transitioning through a plurality of states in response to satisfaction of any one of a plurality of conditions;', 'establish the EHF communication link with the second apparatus to selectively enable one of transmission and reception of data;', 'after the EHF communication link with the second apparatus is established, monitor an absence of data being communicated over the EHF communication link; and', 'enter into a power savings state in response to the monitored absence of data being communicated over the EHF communication link until the state machine transitions to a new state., 'control circuitry coupled to the EHF transceiver, the control circuitry operative to40. The first apparatus of claim 39 , wherein when in the power savings state claim 39 , the control circuitry is further operative to:power cycle the EHF transceiver ON and OFF;monitor whether any EHF signals are being received via the EHF transceiver circuitry when the EHF transceiver circuitry ...

VIRTUALIZED PHYSICAL LAYER ADAPTED FOR EHF CONTACTLESS COMMUNICATION

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link. The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. A virtualized contactless Physical Layer (VcPHY) may comprise a contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY), and a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for coupling a conventional Link Layer (LINK) with the contactless Physical Layer (Host-cPHY). Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies. 126.-. (canceled)27. A first device for use in contactlessly communicating with a second device , the first device comprising:a plurality of Standards-based Data Link Layers (LINKs);a first virtualized contactless link-based Physical Layer (VcPHY);a switch operative to route data streams between the plurality of LINKs and the first VcPHY such that the first VcPHY simultaneously supports data streams associated with each of the plurality of LINKs.28. The first device of claim 27 , wherein the switch is operative to route the data streams without modifying data in the data streams provided by the plurality of LINKs.29. The first device of claim 27 , wherein the switch is operative to route the data streams without modifying control/management data provided by the plurality of LINKs.30. The first device of claim 27 , wherein the first VcPHY comprises:a contactless Link Layer (cLINK); anda contactless Physical layer (Host-cPHY), wherein the cLINK couples the data stream originating from any one of ...

CROSS-TALK BLOCKING STRUCTURES FOR EM COMMUNICATION

Systems and apparatus for electromagnetic communications are provided. One of the apparatuses include a communication module, the communication module including: a printed circuit board; a plurality of integrated circuit packages, each integrated circuit package including at least one transmitter, receiver, or transceiver; a plurality of signal guiding structures, each signal guiding structure being associated with a corresponding integrated circuit package of the plurality of integrated circuit packages; and one or more signal blocking structures positioned between one or more pairs of integrated circuit packages. 1. (canceled)2. An apparatus comprising:a communication module, the communication module including a first integrated circuit package and a second integrated circuit package, each integrated circuit package including at least one transmitter, receiver, or transceiver;a housing, wherein the housing is configured to cover at least a portion of the communication module, the housing including a portion positioned directly in a path of respective signals directed to or from the first and second integrated circuit packages of the communication module; anda signal blocking structure positioned in contact with a surface of the portion of the housing and the signal blocking structure positioned between the first integrated circuit package and the second integrated circuit package of the communication module.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the signal blocking structure is positioned within a recess formed in the portion of the housing such that the signal blocking structure is partially embedded within the portion of the housing.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the signal blocking structure is positioned within a recess formed in the portion of the housing such that the signal blocking structure is fully embedded within the portion of the housing.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the signal blocking structure is attached to the surface of the portion ...

Proximity Sensing Using EHF Signals

A system for sensing proximity using EHF signals may include a communication circuit configured to transmit via a transducer an EM signal at an EHF frequency, and a proximity sensing circuit configured to sense a nearby transducer field-modifying object by detecting characteristics of a signal within the communication circuit. A system for determining distance using EHF signals may include a detecting circuit coupled to a transmitting communication circuit and a receiving communication circuit, both communication circuits being mounted on a first surface. The transmitting communication circuit may transmit a signal toward a second surface, and the receiving communication circuit may receive a signal relayed from the second surface. The detecting circuit may determine distance between the first surface and a second surface based on propagation characteristics of the signals.

Wireless Communication with Dielectric Medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element. 1. (canceled)2. An adapter device , comprising:a housing configured to attach with an external device;a first integrated circuit (IC) package located within the housing, the first IC package configured to communicate wirelessly with a second IC package of the external device when the external device is attached with the housing; anda connector interface connected to the first IC package, the connector interface configured to receive a connector and transfer signals between the first IC package and the connector.3. The adapter device of claim 1 , wherein the housing includes a sleeve that fits around at least a portion of the external device.4. The adapter device of claim 2 , wherein the first IC package is aligned with the second IC package when the at least a portion of the external device is within the sleeve.5. The adapter device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first dielectric material at least partially surrounding the first IC package; anda second dielectric material at least partially surrounding the first ...

Crosspoint switch with switch matrix module

A crosspoint switch including a switch matrix modules and programming features. A switch matrix modules include input lines tied to inputs of the switch through precompensation networks. The programming features include user initialization states and reduced and grouping command configuration operations.

Extremely high frequency communication chip

An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip includes one or more local oscillator circuits, a transducer circuit and at least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit. Each of the local oscillator circuits may have a local oscillator and configured collectively to generate first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies. The first EHF frequency may be different than the second EHF frequency. The transducer circuit may have a first transducer for transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals. The modulator may be coupled to the local oscillator circuits for modulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal with a first transmit base data signal. The demodulator may be for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal.

Physical layer adapted for EHF contactless communication

A Physical Layer (PHY) of a host system of an electronic device may be implemented as a contactless PHY (Host-cPHY) for extremely high frequency (EHF) contactless communication and the operation of EHF transmitters (TX), receivers (RX) and transceivers (EHF-XCVR) in an extremely high frequency integrated circuit (EHF IC) of the electronic device. The Host-cPHY translates logical communications requests from the Link Layer (LINK) into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of signals over an EHF contactless link). The Link Layer (LINK) may also be optimized as a contactless Link Layer (cLINK) for EHF contactless communication. Multiple data streams may be transported over the EHF contactless link over a range of frequencies.

EHF receiver architecture with dynamically adjustable discrimination threshold

An EHF receiver that determines an initial slicing voltage level and dynamically adjusts the slicing voltage level and/or amplifier gain levels to account for characteristics of the received EHF electromagnetic data signal. The architecture includes an amplifier, detector, adaptive signal slicer, and controller. The detector includes a main detector and replica detector that convert the received EHF electromagnetic data signal into a baseband signal and a reference signal. The controller uses the baseband signal and reference signal to determine an initial slicing voltage level, and dynamically adjust the slicing voltage level and the gain settings of the amplifier to compensate for changing signal conditions.

Link emission control

Scalable high-bandwidth connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

Modular electronics

Waveguides for capturing close-proximity electromagnetic radiation transmitted by wireless chips during testing on automated test equipment (ate)

Low-profile wireless connectors

一種電子裝置係可包含一個印刷電路板，該印刷電路板係具有一個大致上平坦的表面，並且經安裝在其上的一個或更多電子構件。一個第一EHF通訊單元係可被安裝在該印刷電路板之大致上平坦的表面上。該第一EHF通訊單元係可包含一個第一平面晶粒，該第一平面晶粒係含有一個第一通訊裝置，該第一晶粒係沿著該印刷電路板之大致上平坦的表面而在一個晶粒平面上延伸。一個第一天線操作上係可藉由多個互連傳導件以被連接至該第一電路，該第一天線係經組態設定以沿著該印刷電路板之大致上平坦的表面之一個平面進行下述中的至少一者：傳送電磁輻射和接收電磁輻射。該第一EHF通訊單元係可具有一個最上層表面，該最上層表面係具有離該印刷電路板之大致上平坦的表面之一個高度，該第一EHF通訊單元之高度係藉由該晶粒之一個最上層表面，該第一天線，和該等互連傳導件來決定。

Integrated circuit with electromagnetic communication

A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver.

Wireless communications with dielectric medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element.

Wireless communication with dielectric medium

An electronic device may include a dielectric substrate, an electronic circuit supported by the substrate, for processing data, and a communication unit having an antenna. The communication unit may be mounted to the substrate in communication with the electronic circuit for converting between a first EHF electromagnetic signal containing digital information and a data signal conducted by the electronic circuit. The electromagnetic signal may be transmitted or received along a signal path by the antenna. An electromagnetic signal guide assembly may include a dielectric element made of a dielectric material disposed proximate the antenna in the signal path. The electromagnetic signal guide may have sides extending along the signal path. A sleeve element may extend around the dielectric element along sides of the dielectric element. The sleeve element may impede transmission of the electromagnetic signal through the sides of the dielectric element.

EHF secure communication device

A communication device employs a contactless secure communication interface to transmit and receive data with a computing device using close proximity extremely high frequency (EHF) communication. The communication device and the computing device periodically initiate a discovery operation mode, whereby the devices periodically transmit identifying information about the respective devices and listen for identifying information from the other device. Upon completion of the discovery mode operation, the devices enter a link-training operation mode and exchange capability information about the respective devices. During transport mode operation the communication device employs methods to manage access to data stored on the communication device by encrypting the data using one or a combination of training information or capability information as a basis for generating an encryption key.

Extremely high frequency communication chip

An electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency (EHF) communication chip includes one or more local oscillator circuits, a transducer circuit and at least one of a modulator or a demodulator coupled to the transducer circuit. Each of the local oscillator circuits may have a local oscillator and configured collectively to generate first and second carrier signals having respective first and second EHF frequencies. The first EHF frequency may be different than the second EHF frequency. The transducer circuit may have a first transducer for transmitting and receiving EHF communication signals. The modulator may be coupled to the local oscillator circuits for modulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal with a first transmit base data signal. The demodulator may be for demodulating the first carrier signal or the second carrier signal to produce a first receive base data signal.

Scalable high-bandwidth connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

Physical layer and virtualized physical layer adapted for ehf contactless communication

Scalable high-bandwidth connectivity

A scalable, high-bandwidth connectivity architecture for portable storage devices and memory modules may utilize EHF communication link chip packages mounted in various two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations on planar surfaces such as printed circuit boards. Multiple electromagnetic communication links between devices distributed on major faces of card-like devices may be provided with respectively aligned pairs of communication units on each device. Adjacent communication units on a printed circuit board may transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation having different polarization, such as linear or elliptical polarization. Power and communication between communication devices may both be provided wirelessly.

Adaptive data recovery system and methods

A microprocessor (45) controlled data recovery unit with an adjustable sampling and signal comparison level. The data recovery unit includes a data channel (47a) and a monitor channel (47b). The monitor channel samples an incoming data stream in a varying manner. The results of the sampling in the monitor channel are used to adjust the sampling and comparing of the signal in the data channel. The data recovery unit includes a PLL (35) based clock recovery unit in one embodiment, and in another embodiment the clock signal is derived by the microprocessor.

Misalignment-tolerant high-density multi-transmitter/receiver modules for extremely-high frequency (ehf) close-proximity wireless connections

Misalignment-tolerant high-density multi-transmitter/receiver modules for extremely-high frequency (ehf) close-proximity wireless connections

Docked devices communicate wirelessly and in close proximity using multiple transmitters of Extremely High-Frequency (EHF) signals of 30-300 GHz. The devices may not be precisely aligned when docked. Tolerance of misalignment is improved by adding barriers such as solid metal blocks or rows of metal-filled vias that have a spacing of less than one-quarter the EHF wavelength. The barriers reflect EHF radiation and prevent EHF radiation from penetrating the barrier. Barriers placed between adjacent transmitters and receivers block stray electromagnetic radiation from causing cross-talk. The barriers can be placed closer to the transmitters than to the receivers to allow for a wider area for reception, permitting a wider misalignment. EHF reflecting features such as ground planes spaced a quarter- wavelength apart may be added to an end of a substrate near a connecting edge to act as a barrier and reflect electromagnetic radiation back toward an intended receiver.

Smart connectors and associated communications links

Smart connectors with embedded processors, measurement circuits and control circuits are disclosed for establishing a contactless radio frequency electromagnetic Extremely High Frequency communications link between two electronic devices having host systems. The connectors are capable of monitoring, controlling, and directing link operation to dynamically adapt to conditions, as well as monitoring and altering data passing through the connector, and selecting a protocol suitable for a communications session. The connectors are capable of identifying the type of content being transferred, providing authentication and security services, and enabling application support for the host systems based on the type of connection or the type of content. The connectors may operate independently of the host systems, and may perform at least one of sensing proximity of a nearby object; detecting a shape of a nearby object; and detecting vibrations.