Verfahren zum Schneiden einer Glasplatte mit erhöhter Festigkeit

Ein Verfahren zum Schneiden einer Glasplatte mit erhöhter Festigkeit gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst: einen Schritt des Fokussierens und abtastenden Einstrahlens von Laserlicht in eine Zwischenschicht, wodurch ein erster umgewandelter Bereich entlang einer ersten vorgesehenen Schneidlinie gebildet wird, und einen Schritt des Ausübens einer äußeren Kraft, so dass sich ein Riss ausgehend von dem ersten umgewandelten Bereich als Ausgangspunkt in einer Dickenrichtung der Glasplatte mit erhöhter Festigkeit ausbreitet, wodurch die Glasplatte mit erhöhter Festigkeit zerteilt wird. In dem Schritt des Bildens des ersten umgewandelten Bereichs wird in einem Fall, bei dem die Bruchzähigkeit der Glasplatte mit erhöhter Festigkeit durch Kc (MPa·m) dargestellt ist, die Zugspannung, die in der Zwischenschicht vorliegt, durch CT (MPa) dargestellt ist, und die Breite des ersten umgewandelten Bereichs in der Dickenrichtung durch d1 (mm) dargestellt ist, der Wert von ...

Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung und Laserbearbeitungsverfahren

Eine Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung bildet einen modifizierten Bereich in einem zu bearbeitenden Objekt durch Bündeln von Laserlicht mit ultrakurzen Pulsen an dem Objekt und umfasst eine das Laserlicht emittierende Lichtquelle, ein das von der Laserlichtquelle emittierte Licht an dem Objekt bündelndes optisches System und ein Aberrations-bereitstellendes Bauteil, das dem an dem Objekt durch das bündelnde optische System gebündelte Laserlicht eine Aberration verleiht. In einer Richtung der optischen Achse des Laserlichts, wenn ein Referenzaberrationsbereich einen Bereich einer bündelungsinduzierten Aberration als eine Aberration darstellt, die an einer Position auftritt, an der das Laserlicht aufgrund der Bündelung des Laserlichts an dem Objekt gebündelt wird, verleiht das Aberrations-bereitstellende Bauteil dem Laserlicht eine erste Aberration, so dass das Laserlicht einen verlängerten Bereich, der in der Richtung der optischen Achse länger ist als der Referenzaberrationsbereich, als einen ...

Method for cutting toughened glass plate

A method for cutting a toughened glass plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step for scanning a laser beam with the laser beam focused on an intermediate layer and thus forming the first modified region along the first cutting line; and a step for applying an external force to the resulting glass plate to cause crack extension in the thicknesswise direction of the glass plate with the first modified region acting as the starting point, and thereby dividing the glass plate. The method is characterized in that, in the step for forming the first modified region, the thicknesswise width, d1(mm), of the first modified region is adjusted to be less than 2*10<3>Kc<2>/{[pi]*(CT)2} [wherein Kc (MPa*squared(m)) is the fracture toughness of the glass plate, and CT (MPa) is the tensile stress remaining in the intermediate layer].

DISPLAY DEVICE AND WORK MACHINE PROVIDED WITH SAME

A display device (9) is provided with a display unit (91), a control unit (94), an alarm sound output unit (92), and a reception unit (93). When the display unit (91) displays the second screen (520), the control unit (94) assigns, to the receiving unit (93), a function of receiving an output stop instruction indicating an instruction to stop the output of the alarm sound, and a function of receiving a second instruction indicating an instruction to transition to the first screen (510). When the reception unit (93) receives the output stop instruction, the control unit (94) stops the output of the alarm sound. When the reception unit (93) receives the second instruction after receiving the output stop instruction, the control unit (94) causes the display unit (91) to display the first screen (510) and causes the alarm sound output unit (92) to output an alarm sound.

Laser processing method

This method is provided with: a first step for preparing an workpiece; a second step for directing a laser beam at a first laminar member along a planned-processing line to form a modified region on the first laminar member along the planned-processing line, the front surface of the workpiece being the surface to be irradiated with the laser beam; a third step for directing the laser beam at a joining layer along the planned-processing line to form a processing mark on the joining layer along the planned-processing line, the front surface of the workpiece being the surface to be irradiated with the laser beam; and a fourth step for directing the laser beam at a second laminar member along the planned-processing line to form a modified region on the second laminar member along the planned-processing line, the rear surface of the workpiece being the surface to be irradiated with the laser beam. In the fourth step, which follows the first through third steps, the processing mark formed on ...

Linear motor driving device

Method for cutting object to be processed

Since the principal surface of a silicon substrate (12) is (100) surface, a crack (17) generated starting from a melt treatment region (13) extends in the cleavage direction of the silicon substrate (12) (direction orthogonal to the principal surface of the silicon substrate (12)). In this case, since the back surface (1b) of an object (1A) to be processed and the front surface (10a) of an object (10A) to be processed for separation are bonded by anodic bonding, the crack (17) reaches the front surface (1a) of the object (1A) to be processed in a continuous fashion and without almost changing the direction thereof. In addition, when a stress is generated in the object (10A) to be processed for separation, since the crack (17) reaches the back surface (10b) of the object (10A) to be processed for separation, the crack (17) easily extends on the side of the object (1A) to be processed.

Elektrofotografisches lichtempfindliches Element, Prozesskartusche und elektrofotografisches Gerät

Elektrofotografisches lichtempfindliches Element umfassend:einen Träger;eine Grundierungsschicht auf dem Träger; undeine lichtempfindliche Schicht auf der Grundierungsschicht,wobei die Grundierungsschicht einen spezifischen Volumenwiderstand von 1 × 10Ω·cm bis 1 × 10Ω·cm aufweist;die Grundierungsschicht umfasst:(A) ein Zinkoxidteilchen; und(B) wenigstens ein Teilchen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Titanoxidteilchen, die mit Zinnoxid beschichtet sind, das mit einem aus Zink, Aluminium, Fluor, Wolfram, Niob, Tantal und Phosphor dotiert ist, und einem Titanoxidteilchen, das mit sauerstoffarmem Zinnoxid beschichtet ist; undder Gehalt des Teilchens (B) in der Grundierungsschicht basierend auf dem Gehalt des Teilchens (A) von 3 Masse-% bis 20 Masse-% ist.

IMAGE PROCESSING DEVICE AND - PROCEDURES

Developing device and process cartridge

A developing device for developing with a developer a latent image formed on an image bearing member includes a container for containing the developer; a stirring member, rotatably supported by the container, for stirring the developer in the container; a magnetic member for forming a magnetic field in a gap between the container and a rotation shaft located at an end portion of the stirring member so as to magnetically confine magnetic particles in the gap; a seal member, provided outside the magnetic member with respect to a rotation shaft direction of the stirring member, contacting a peripheral surface of the rotation shaft of the stirring member; and a non-magnetic preventing portion, provided between the magnetic member and the seal member, for preventing the magnetic particles confined by the magnetic member from spreading toward the seal member.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can suppress a ghost image while keeping its sensitivity satisfactory. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an intermediate layer on the support, and a photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer contains a compound having a specific structure. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) claim 1 , the compound represented by the general formula (2) claim 1 , and the compound represented by the general formula (3) is 0.1 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less with respect to a total mass of the intermediate layer.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (1) claim 1 , the compound represented by the general formula (2) claim 1 , and the compound represented by the general formula (3) forms a complex with the metal oxide.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a particle containing zinc oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , or tin oxide.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) claim 1 , the compound represented by the general formula (2) claim 1 , and the compound represented by the general formula (3) is 0.05 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less with respect to the metal oxide in the intermediate layer.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the Rto the R claim 1 , at least one of the R claim 1 , to the R claim 1 , or at least one of the Rto the Rrepresents a hydroxy group or a carboxy group.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the Rto the R ...

HEATING APPARATUS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform the solidification and surface treatment of a binder simultaneously. SOLUTION: An apparatus is formed to have a through passage 50 by installing a pair of insulators 16 between an upper mold positive electrode 12 and a lower mold negative electrode 14, a product 39 in which a lot of wood pieces are compressed in a desired cross-sectional shape by a roll molding machine is high frequency-heated in a process in which the product 39 is received continuously from the inlet of the passage 50, allowed to pass through the passage 50, and discharged continuously from the outlet of the passage 50. In this way, a binder introduced into the product 39 is solidified. COPYRIGHT: (C)2000,JPO ...

SHIELDING STRUCTURE OF COAXIAL CONNECTOR FOR BASE PLATE MOUNTING

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shielding structure of a coaxial connector for base plate mounting enabled to connect an RF pattern without lifting it with a through-hole or the like by fitting the RF pattern at a connector mounting surface side of the base plate, capable of preventing unconformity of impedance characteristics, with workability improved by dispensing with manual soldering, capable of securing a perfect shielding in a simple structure. SOLUTION: When the base plate is put on an automatic mounter, the base plate is mounted at an accurate position as a protrusion for positioning fitted at a lower part of a flange of the coaxial connector gets fitted into a positioning hole on the base plate. Further, the flange is connected to a GND pattern on the base plate, and a central conductor to the RF pattern. A conductive elastic shim is provided at an upper part of the flange, and the shim and a shielding case come in contact with each other in covering the base plate with the ...

Method for cutting object to be processed

A silicon substrate 12 has a main face in a (100) plane, whereby a fracture 17 generated from a molten processed region 13 acting as a start point extends in a cleavage direction of the silicon substrate 12 (a direction orthogonal to the main face of the silicon substrate 12). Here, a rear face 1b of an object to be processed 1A and a front face 10a of an object to be processed for separation 10A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby the fracture 17 reaches a front face 1a of the object 1A continuously without substantially changing its direction. When generating a stress in the object for separation 10A, the fracture 17 has reached a rear face 10b of the object for separation 10A and thus easily extends toward the object 1A.

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD FOR AN IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An image forming apparatus including a consumable to be used for image formation. The image forming apparatus includes: a usage amount detector configured to detect a cumulative value of a usage amount of the consumable and a remaining amount of the consumable; a predictor configured to predict a period that allows use of the consumable based on the remaining amount detected by the usage amount detector; and a determination unit configured to generate a delivery request signal for prompting a delivery request for the consumable when the period that allows the use predicted by the predictor is smaller than a predetermined number-of-day threshold value. The image forming apparatus avoids performing processing for generating a delivery request signal by the determination unit after the start of the use of the image forming apparatus until a predetermined condition is satisfied. 1. An information processing apparatus , which is to be in communication with an image forming device configured to form an image , wherein the information processing apparatus comprising; acquire a statistical value relating to an image forming operation in which the image forming device forms the image;', 'acquire consumption data relating to a consumption amount of a consumable of the image forming device;', 'generate, based on the consumption data, a model for determining a future change in remaining amount of the consumable; and', 'determine, based on the model, information relating to a replacement timing at which the consumable is to be replaced,, 'a controller configured towherein the controller controls whether or not to determine the information based on the statistical value.2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller controls whether or not to determine the information based on the result of a comparison between the statistical value and a threshold value.3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the consumable ...

DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD, AND RECORD MEDIUM

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To implement a lower cost AV data transmission/reception system. SOLUTION: A receive buffer monitor circuit 21 monitors the amount of data accumulated in a receive buffer 6, and when the amount of accumulated data exceeds a higher threshold, a reception clock generating circuit 8 sets the frequency of the generating reception clock to a higher frequency. When the accumulated amount becomes lower than a lower reference value, the reception clock frequency is set to a lower frequency. An AV decoder 7 decodes AV data supplied from the receive buffer 6, based on the receive clock supplied from the reception clock generating circuit 8. COPYRIGHT: (C)2002,JPO ...

Laserverarbeitungsverfahren

Das Verfahren umfasst: einen ersten Schritt zum Vorbereiten eines zu verarbeitenden Objekts; einen zweiten Schritt zum Ausbilden eines modifizierten Bereichs in einem ersten planaren Glied entlang einer zu verarbeitenden Linie durch das Bestrahlen des ersten planaren Glieds mit Laserlicht entlang der Linie, wobei eine Vorderfläche des Objekts als eine Laserlichteintrittsfläche verwendet wird; einen dritten Schritt zum Ausbilden einer Verarbeitungsnarbe in einer Bondingschicht entlang der Linie durch das Bestrahlen der Bondingschicht mit Laserlicht entlang der Linie, wobei die Vorderfläche des Objekts als eine Laserlichteintrittsfläche verwendet wird; und einen vierten Schritt, nach den ersten bis dritten Schritten, zum Ausbilden eines modifizierten Bereichs in einem zweiten planaren Glied entlang der Linie durch das Bestrahlen des zweiten planaren Glieds mit Laserlicht entlang der Linie, wobei eine Rückfläche des Objekts als eine Laserlicht-Eintrittsfläche verwendet wird; wobei der vierte ...

Method for transferring a sheet between two conveyors

A method for transferring a sheet in a sheet transport assembly from a supplying conveyor to a receiving conveyor. The method includes arranging a contact side of a sheet in contact with a transport belt of the supplying conveyor, advancing the sheet on the transport belt in a transport direction along a process unit, which applies a process to a process side of the sheet opposite to the contact side, and to a transfer area where the sheet is transferred to a receiving conveyor. To correct for curl deformation of the sheet, air flow is directed onto the process side of sheet, which urges the sheet towards a supporting element. The air flow is controlled in response to a curl deformation behavior of the sheet.

Data processor capable of preventing data overflows and underflows

A data processing apparatus constituting a low-cost audio/video data transmission and reception system is disclosed. A reception buffer monitoring circuit 21 monitors the size of receiver data being accumulated in a reception buffer 6 . When the size of accumulated data is found to become higher than a high threshold, the circuit 21 causes a reception clock generation circuit 8 to generate a reception clock with a higher frequency. When the accumulated data size becomes lower than a low threshold, the reception clock is generated with a lower frequency. Based on the reception clock fed from the reception clock generation circuit 8 , an audio/video decoder 7 decodes the audio/video data coming from the reception buffer 6 . This invention applies advantageously to a television transmission and reception system for transmitting and receiving TV broadcast signals.

Transmission apparatus, reception apparatus, and transmission/reception apparatus

The present invention provides a transmission apparatus, a reception apparatus and a transmission/reception apparatus. The transmission apparatus comprises the following components: a first communication-protocol-processing unit which is used for performing necessary processing to the image and/or audio information to be transmitted through using the hardware according to a preset communication protocol; a second communication-protocol-processing unit which is used for performing necessary processing to the preset information used as the data to be transmitted through software according to the preset communication protocol, while the preset information is the information except for the image and/or audio information; a transmission unit which is used for outputting and transmitting the data to be transmitted; and a connection-switching means which can select the first communication-protocol-processing unit or the second communication-protocol-processing unit as the unit to be connected ...

SHEET CONVEYING APPARATUS, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE READING APPARATUS

A curved conveying guiding portion which guides a sheet toward a skew correcting unit is provided on a sheet conveying direction upstream of the skew correcting unit which corrects a skew of the sheet by rotating the sheet while conveying it. By narrowing an interval in the vertical direction in a center portion in the lateral direction of the conveying guiding portion, when a sheet S is rotated and corrected by the skew correcting unit, a load which the sheet to be corrected receives from the conveying guiding portion is reduced.

LIGHT SHIELDING FILM FOR AUTOMOBILE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light shielding film for an automobile, capable of being easily affixed along the curved surface of a window glass of the automobile using a surface substrate having flexibility. SOLUTION: The light shielding film includes a transparent polyvinylchloride film 2 with a colored adhesive agent layer 3 attached. In the light shielding film, the transparent polyvinylchloride film 2, the colored adhesive agent layer 3, and a release film 4 are sequentially laminated, or a protective film 1, the transparent polyvinylchloride film 2, the colored adhesive agent layer 3, and the release film 4 are sequentially laminated. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT ...

Centrifugal compressor and turbine refrigerator using the same

Disclosed is a centrifugal compressor capable of preventing efficiency from being reduced and running in a wide flow range even though a fixed rate flow is reduced when part load is running, and a turbine refrigerator using the same. The centrifugal compressor (1) is provided with a disperser arranged on the firststage peripheral of an impeller; a return flow path for connecting the disperser and a following stage impeller, wherein a plurality of guide vanes arranged in the return flow path along a cycle direction are divided into fixed upstream guide vanes and movable downstream guide vanes, when running nominally, the rear edge of the upstream guide vane and the front edge of the downstream guide vane are connected with each other toward a radius direction, when running partly, the downstream guide vane rotates around the center of a rotary axis to endow a pre-turnabout angle to the following stage impeller.

Laser machining method

In the present invention, laser light (L) is focused onto a quartz-crystal workpiece (1) such that a modified region (7) containing a plurality of modified spots (S) is formed in the workpiece (1) along a planned-cut line (5). To do so, the workpiece (1) and/or the laser light (L) is moved so as to produce relative movement therebetween along the planned-cut line (5) as the laser light (L) is shined on the workpiece (1), thereby forming a plurality of modified spots (S1) inside the workpiece (1) along the planned-cut line (5). Then, the workpiece (1) and/or the laser light (L) is moved so as to produce relative movement therebetween along the planned-cut line (5) as the laser light (L) is shined on the workpiece (1), thereby forming a plurality of modified spots (S2) exposed at the surface (3) of the workpiece (1) along the planned-cut line (5) such that no cracks exposed to the surface (3) are formed.

Laser machining method and production method for semiconductor member

A laser machining method comprising: a first step in which the inside of a semiconductor object containing gallium is irradiated with laser light from the surface of the semiconductor object, thereby forming, along a virtual plane on the inside of the semiconductor object facing the surface thereof, a plurality of modified spots and a plurality of deposition areas containing gallium that has been deposited in the plurality of modified spots; and a second step in which, after the first step, the deposition areas are expanded by irradiating the inside of the semiconductor object with laser light from the surface thereof such that energy in the virtual plane is less than the machining threshold of the semiconductor object.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a binder resin, and a complex particle composed of a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with zinc.

METHOD FOR CUTTING TOUGHENED GLASS PLATE

A method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes: a step of collecting and scanning laser light in an intermediate layer, thereby forming a first reformed region along a first cutting-scheduled line; and a step of applying an external force to propagate a crack from the first reformed region as a start point in a thickness direction of the strengthened glass sheet, thereby dividing the strengthened glass sheet. In the step of forming the first reformed region, a width d1 (mm) of the first reformed region in the thickness direction is set to d1<2×10×K/{π×(CT)} based on a fracture toughness K(MPa·√m) of the strengthened glass sheet and the tensile stress CT (MPa) remaining in the intermediate layer. 1. A method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet comprising a front surface layer in which a compressive stress remains and a back surface layer in which a compressive stress remains , and an intermediate layer formed between the front surface layer and the back surface layer in which a tensile stress remains , the method comprising:a step of collecting and scanning laser light in the intermediate layer, thereby forming a first reformed region along a first cutting-scheduled line; anda step of applying an external force to propagate a crack from the first reformed region as a start point in a thickness direction of the strengthened glass sheet, thereby dividing the strengthened glass sheet,wherein, in the step of forming the first reformed region,{'sub': c', 'c, 'sup': 3', '2', '2, 'in a case where a fracture toughness of the strengthened glass sheet is represented by K(MPa·√m), the tensile stress remaining in the intermediate layer is represented by CT (MPa), and a width of the first reformed region in the thickness direction is represented by d1 (mm), a value of d1 is set to be smaller than 2×10×K/{π×(CT)}.'}2. The method for cutting a strengthened glass sheet according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in ...

CLAMPING MECHANISM OF MAGNETIC DISK

PURPOSE: To obtain the clamping mechanism of a magnetic disk capable of assembling in the normal temperature, imparting the uniform fastening force thereto and also easily releasing it. CONSTITUTION: The magnetic disks 4, 6, 8 are laminated to a hub 2 through spacers 5, 7, and circular inside and outside rings, the fitting surfaces of which are inclined by angle θ, are inserted from the upper side of this hub 2 to tighten the magnetic disks. The magnetic disks are clamped by setting the relation between the angle θ of the fitting surfaces and the coefficient of friction μof both of the surfaces as [θ≤tan--1μ]. Also, the clamp is easily released by pushing for expanding plural notches or differences in level, which are provided on the upper surfaces of the inside ring and outside ring. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO ...

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE SHEET STRUCTURE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet structure that can paste something simply and beautifully. SOLUTION: In the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet structure that is prepared by laminating a transparent release sheet 3, a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 and the surface base material 1 in order, the release sheet 3 has the middle face 4 remaining for forming the non-adhesive face 12 for the opponent material to be adhered, and elongated from the remaining middle face part 4 toward the edge of the release sheet as well as forming one or more projections 35 in order to form non-adhesive face 45 against the opponent material to be adhered and has the peripheral removable part 5 that can separate and release the middle face part 4 and the projection part 35 along the separation line 8. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT ...

DRIVE TRANSMITTING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent vibration in a driven side unit in a case wherein displacement of axes exists between a driving shaft and a driven shaft. SOLUTION: In a drive transmitting device for transmitting rotary drive by engaging an output side transmitting part and an input side transmitting part with each other, the output side transmitting part and the input side transmitting part are arranged to come close or separate to/from each other in the axial direction, and at least one of the output side transmitting part and the input side transmitting part is installed in an installation side shaft with freedom in the radial direction, and one of the engagement part of the output side transmitting part and the engagement part of the input side transmitting part is formed into a projecting curved surface, and the other thereof is formed into a projecting curved surface so that the engagement parts are always brought into point-contact with each other to transmit rotary drive. COPYRIGHT ...

Method for cutting processing target

A rear face 1b of an object to be processed 1A and a front face 10a of an object to be processed for separation 10A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby a fracture 17 generated in a thickness direction of the object for separation 10A from a molten processed region 13 acting as a start point reaches a front face 1a of the object 1A continuously without substantially changing its direction. Then, after cutting the objects 1A, 10A, the object 10A is removed from the object 1A, so as to yield chips 19.

Laser processing method

It comprises a first step of preparing an object; a second step of forming a modified region in a first member along a line by irradiating the first member with laser light while using a front face of the object as a laser light entrance surface; a third step of forming a processing scar in a bonding layer along the line by irradiating the bonding layer with laser light while using the front face as a laser light entrance surface; and a fourth step, after the first to third steps, of forming a modified region in a second member along the line by irradiating the second member with laser light while using a rear face of the object as a laser light entrance surface; the fourth step uses the processing scar as a reference for alignment of a laser light irradiation position with respect to the second member.

Verfahren zur Erzeugung mehrschichtiger Beschichtungen, und die so erhaltenen mehrschichtigen Beschichtungen

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung mehrschichtiger Beschichtungen anzugeben, die eine Klarlackschicht aufweisen, an der keine ungünstigen Veränderungen am Aussehen bzw. am optischen Eindruck auftreten, wie etwa eine Gelbfärbung oder die Bildung von Blasen und/oder Nadelstichporen, wobei die Anwendung dieses Verfahrens die Belastung der Umwelt vermindern soll. Weiterhin umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung eine mehrschichtige Beschichtung, die nach diesem Verfahren erhalten worden ist. DOLLAR A Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dient ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung mehrschichtiger Beschichtungen auf Substraten, die mit einer durch kationisches Galvanisieren aufgebrachten Beschichtungsschicht versehen sind, DOLLAR A wobei angewandt werden: DOLLAR A - eine wässrige Zwischenschicht-Zusammensetzung, DOLLAR A - eine wässrige Basislackschicht-Zusammensetzung und DOLLAR A - eine pulverförmige Klarlackschicht-Zusammensetzung. DOLLAR A Dieses erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst nachstehende Verfahrensschritte: DOLLAR A - einen Verfahrensschritt (I) zum Aufbringen der wässrigen Zwischenschicht-Zusammensetzung: DOLLAR A - einen Verfahrensschritt (B) zum Aufbringen der wässrigen Basislackschicht-Zusammensetzung auf der im Verfahrensschritt (I) erzeugten Zwischenschicht; DOLLAR A - einen Verfahrensschritt (P) zum Aufbringen einer Grundierschicht- bzw. Primer-Zusammensetzung auf der im Verfahrensschritt (B) erzeugten Basislackschicht; ... It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing multilayer coatings which have a clearcoat layer which does not suffer from adverse changes in appearance, such as yellowing or the formation of bubbles and / or pinholes the application of this method should reduce the burden on the environment. Furthermore, the present invention comprises a multilayer coating obtained by this method. DOLLAR A To achieve this object, there is provided a process for producing multilayer coatings on ...

LASER PROCESSING METHOD, SEMICONDUCTOR MEMBER MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND LASER PROCESSING DEVICE

Provided is a laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a semiconductor object surface inside the semiconductor object, the method comprising: a first step for forming a plurality of first modified spots so as to have a first formation density along the virtual plane by irradiating the inside of the semiconductor object with a laser beam from the surface; and a second step for forming a plurality of second modified spots so as to have a second formation density higher than the first formation density along the virtual plane by irradiating the inside of the semiconductor object with a laser beam from the surface, after the first step.

Laser machining method and laser machining device

Laser light L is converged at an object to be processed 1 , so as to form a modified region 7 including a modified spot S in the object 1 . At this time, the laser light L is converged at a front face 3 of the object 1 while an aberration of the laser light L is corrected such as to locate a converging point of the laser light L near the front face 3 serving as a laser light entrance surface, so as to form a second modified spot S 2 exposed at the front face 3 in the object 1.

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, METHOD OF CONTROLLING INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An information processing apparatus is different from an image forming apparatus, with the image forming apparatus forming an image by using toner supplied from a toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus. The information processing apparatus includes a communication unit to communicate with the image forming apparatus, an acquisition unit to acquire, via the communication unit, a remaining day count until a date which is expected as a date that the toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus is replaced, and acquire, via the communication unit, a stock request signal for stock request of a toner container for stocking different from the toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus, and a display to display stock information relating to the toner container for stocking based on the stock request signal, and display the remaining day count. 113.-. (canceled)14. An information processing apparatus which is different from an image forming apparatus , the image forming apparatus forming an image by using toner supplied from a toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus , the information processing apparatus comprising:a communication unit configured to communicate with the image forming apparatus;an acquisition unit configured to acquire, via the communication unit, a remaining day count until a date which is expected as a date that the toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus is replaced, and acquire, via the communication unit, a stock request signal for stock request of a toner container different from the toner container mounted on the image forming apparatus; anda display configured to display stock information relating to the toner container for stocking based on the stock request signal, and display the remaining day count.15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the stock information includes information indicating whether the toner container for stocking is to be stocked.16. The apparatus ...

POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A power storage device includes a battery containing body, an electronic device unit, and a chassis for housing them, wherein at a side surface portion of the chassis, an opening for inserting and removing the battery containing body and the electronic device unit is provided; an openable and closable pivoting member is provided inside the opening, the pivoting member, when closed, preventing removal of the battery containing body, and when opened, preventing insertion of the electronic device unit as removed; and the electronic device unit is housed and disposed adjacent to the battery containing body, and includes an opening prevention guide capable of engaging with the pivoting member and thereby preventing the pivoting member from being opened when the electronic device unit is housed.

SHEET CUTTING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING DEVICE WITH SHEET CUTTING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress entering of recording sheet pieces and foreign matters, etc. into a cutting means, to prevent generation of jam within the cutting means, and to prevent damage to the cutting means. SOLUTION: This sheet cutting device has: carrying means 6 and 11 connected to an image forming device to receive the recording sheet formed with images from the image forming device and carry the recording sheet; and first and second cutting mechanisms 4 and 5 for cutting the recording sheet carried by the carrying means 6 and 11. In the vicinity of each of the first and second cutting mechanisms 4 and 5, shielding walls 2a, 2b:3a, 3b for opening/closing a carrier path leading to the first and second cutting mechanisms 4 and 5 are provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT ...

Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung und Laserbearbeitungsverfahren

Eine Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung umfasst eine das Laserlicht emittierende Laserlichtquelle, einen das von der Laserlichtquelle emittierte Licht modulierenden räumlichen Lichtmodulator, und ein konvergierendes optisches System, welches das vom räumlichen Lichtmodulator modulierte Laserlicht am Objekt konvergiert. Eine Vielzahl von Reihen modifizierter Bereiche beinhaltet zumindest einen eintrittsflächenseitigen modifizierten Bereich, der sich an der Seite der Eintrittsfläche des Laserlichtes befindet, einen gegenflächenseitigen modifizierten Bereich, der sich an der Seite der Oberfläche befindet, die der Eintrittsfläche des Laserlichtes gegenüberliegt, und einen mittleren modifizierten Bereich, der sich zwischen dem eintrittsflächenseitigen modifizierten Bereich und dem gegenflächenseitigen modifizierten Bereich befindet. Beim Herausbilden des mittleren modifizierten Bereiches zeigt der räumliche Lichtmodulator ein Axikon-Linsenmuster als Modulationsmuster an, um Konvergenzpunkte an einer ...

Wärmehärtender Pulverüberzug und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Wärmehärtender Pulverüberzug, erhalten mit dem folgenden Verfahren: Zubereiten einer Suspension durch Dispergieren einer Harzlösung, enthaltend ein organisches Lösungsmittel, in einer wässrigen Lösung, enthaltend ein wasserlösliches Polymer; Beseitigen des organischen Lösungsmittels in dispergierter Phase aus der Suspension; Verfestigen von Partikeln in der dispergierten Phase; und Entfernen der verfestigten Partikel in der dispergierten Phase aus der Suspension, worin die Harzlösung enthält: Acrylharz, enthaltend eine Epoxygruppe und eine blockierte Isocyanatgruppe; und eine Carboxyl- oder Carbonsäureanhydridgruppe-haltige Verbindung als Härtungsmittel.

IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS AND A METHOD THEREOF, CAPABLE OF SCALING IMAGE DATA

PURPOSE: An image processing apparatus and a method thereof are provided to remove signal deflection when scaling image data including signals with different data rates. CONSTITUTION: The first scaling processing unit(101) performs the first scaling processing according to the first scaling factor in the first region. The second scaling processing unit(102) performs the second scaling processing which follows the first scaling processing according to the second scaling factor in the second region adjacent to the first region. When the second scaling processing is started, the second scaling processing unit performs the second scaling processing on a signal with a low data rate using the second scaling factor which corrects the first scaling factor. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2010 ...

Laser machining device and laser machining method

雷射加工裝置，係使雷射光聚光於加工對象物，藉此沿著切斷預定線在加工對象物之內部形成改質區域。雷射加工裝置係具備：雷射光源，用以射出雷射光；及空間光調變器，用以調變藉由雷射光源所射出的雷射光；以及聚光光學系，用以將藉由空間光調變器所調變後的雷射光聚光於加工對象物。空間光調變器，作為調變圖案係顯示軸稜錐透鏡圖案，藉此使雷射光聚光而在沿著雷射光照射方向鄰近排列的複數個位置形成聚光點。

Method for producing polymer article having micro-phase separation structure and polymer article having micro-phase separation structure

It is intended to provide a method for producing a macromolecule having a microphase-separated structure having an increased degree of freedom of microphase-separated structure to be formed. A block copolymer composed of two or more segments and having a first segment composed of a monomer unit having a first functional group capable of forming an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond and a second segment incompatible with the first segment and a polymer having a second functional group capable of forming an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond with the first functional group at a position other thanpolymer chain ends are mixed; the first segment and the polymer are associated at multiple points through an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond; and the mixture of the copolymer and the polymer is subjected to microphase separation, whereby a macromolecule containing a unit having the first segment and the polymer associated with each other and a unit having the second segment is formed.

Apparatus for collecting information and managing access rights

An information collecting/providing system provides information in a manner that allows information to be easily registered, viewed, developed, and reused, even when a large amount of various kinds of information is collected and dealt with. The information collecting/providing system includes one or more terminal devices, an information collection/management apparatus connectable to the one or more terminal devices via a communication network, and an collected-information database connected to the information collection/management apparatus. The information collection/management apparatus receives collected information from the one or more terminal devices and stores the received information into the collected-information database. If the information collection/management apparatus receives a request from a terminal device, the information collection/management apparatus transmits, to the terminal device, collected information allowed for a user of the terminal device to read.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. The spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.

DECORATIVE SHEET FOR WINDOW AND ITS RAW MATERIAL

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a decorative sheet for a window, capable of imparting big three-dimensional nature. SOLUTION: The decorative sheet is fabricated by laminating a release sheet 3, an adhesive agent layer 2, a base sheet 1 and an acrylic coat layer 15 into one body, forming an irregular uneven pattern E by embossing them, and further overlaying them with an inkjet printing layer Z. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT ...

Method for cutting toughened glass plate

A method for cutting a toughened glass plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises: a step for scanning a laser beam with the laser beam focused on an intermediate layer and thus forming the first modified region along the first cutting line; and a step for applying an external force to the resulting glass plate to cause crack extension in the thicknesswise direction of the glass plate with the first modified region acting as the starting point, and thereby dividing the glass plate. The method is characterized in that, in the step for forming the first modified region, the thicknesswise width, d1(mm), of the first modified region is adjusted to be less than 2103Kc2/{pi (CT)2} [wherein Kc (MPa[square root of]m) is the fracture toughness of the glass plate, and CT (MPa) is the tensile stress remaining in the intermediate layer].

Laser machining method, and semiconductor device manufacturing method

A laser machining method for cutting a semiconductor wafer along a virtual plane that is inside the semiconductor wafer and faces the surface of the semiconductor wafer, said method comprising: a first step for forming a plurality of modified spots along the virtual plane inside the semiconductor wafer by radiating laser light into the semiconductor wafer from the surface thereof; and a second step for forming by epitaxial growth, on the semiconductor wafer after the first step, a semiconductor layer for a semiconductor device.

Battery containing body and power storage device

A battery containing body having a flat shape that can be inserted to and removed from a power storage device, wherein a handle is provided at an end portion on a front side in a direction of insertion, and at least at a lower end portion from among the lower end portion and an upper end portion when the battery containing body is inserted upright, a recess portion for supporting the lower end portion is provided.

Method for cutting object to be processed

A silicon substrate 12 has a main face in a (100) plane, whereby a fracture 17 generated from a molten processed region 13 acting as a start point extends in a cleavage direction of the silicon substrate 12 (a direction orthogonal to the main face of the silicon substrate 12). Here, a rear face 1b of an object to be processed 1A and a front face 10a of an object to be processed for separation 10A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby the fracture 17 reaches a front face 1a of the object 1A continuously without substantially changing its direction. When generating a stress in the object for separation 10A, the fracture 17 has reached a rear face 10b of the object for separation 10A and thus easily extends toward the object 1A.

METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING A SHEET BETWEEN TWO CONVEYORS

A method is provided for transferring a sheet in a sheet transport assembly from a supplying conveyor to a receiving conveyor. The method comprises the steps of: arranging a contact side of a sheet in contact with a transport belt of the supplying conveyor; advancing the sheet on the transport belt in a transport direction along a process unit, which is arranged for applying a process to a process side of the sheet, the process side being opposite to the contact side, to a transfer area where the sheet is transferred to a receiving conveyor; controlling an air flow directed onto the process side of sheet for urging the sheet towards a supporting element, which supports the sheet during transport in the transfer area, thereby correcting a curl deformation of the sheet. The air flow is controlled in response to at least one sheet attribute comprising a media characteristic of the sheet, wherein said media characteristic defines a curl deformation behavior of the sheet. 1. A method for transferring a sheet in a sheet transport assembly from a supplying conveyor to a receiving conveyor , the method comprising the steps of:a) arranging a contact side of a sheet in contact with a transport belt of the supplying conveyor;b) advancing the sheet on the transport belt in a transport direction along a process unit, which is arranged for applying a process to a process side of the sheet, the process side being opposite to the contact side, to a transfer area where the sheet is transferred to the receiving conveyor;c) controlling an air flow directed onto the process side of sheet for urging the sheet towards a supporting element, which supports the sheet during transport in the transfer area thereby correcting a curl deformation of the sheet, the air flow being controlled in response to at least one sheet attribute comprising a media characteristic of the sheet, wherein said media characteristic defines a curl deformation behavior of the sheet.2. The method according to claim 1 ...

Power storage device

A power storage device includes a battery containing body, an electronic device unit, and a chassis for housing them, wherein at a side surface portion of the chassis, an opening for inserting and removing the battery containing body and the electronic device unit is provided; an openable and closable pivoting member is provided inside the opening, the pivoting member, when closed, preventing removal of the battery containing body, and when opened, preventing insertion of the electronic device unit as removed; and the electronic device unit is housed and disposed adjacent to the battery containing body, and includes an opening prevention guide capable of engaging with the pivoting member and thereby preventing the pivoting member from being opened when the electronic device unit is housed.

DEVELOPING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve stable developer discharge by: reducing excessive discharge of the developer due to splashing by screw; and allowing component dimensional variation in production and dimensional variation due to thermal expansion. SOLUTION: The developing device includes an agitating member within a frame body storing developer, for conveying or agitating the developer. The developing device further includes: a developer discharge port 70, provided in part of a side wall of a second conveyance path 27, for overflowing and discharging the developer conveyed by a second developer agitating member 32; a cutout portion 72 disposed at a position facing the developer discharge port 70, and formed by removing a screw shape from the second developer agitating member 32; and an urging means for urging the second developer agitating member 32 in one direction. The positioning of the second developer-agitating member 32 is implemented at the housing end portion closer to the developer ...

ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHES PHOTOSENSITIVES ELEMENT, PROZESSKARTUSCHE, ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHER APPARAT UND VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN DES ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHEN PHOTOSENSITIVEN ELEMENTS

Ein elektrophotographisches photosensitives Element beinhaltet eine Grundierungsschicht, die ein Harz und ein Metalloxidteilchen enthält, dessen Oberfläche mit einer durch Formel (1) dargestellten Verbindung behandelt worden ist, und das Harz ist ein polymerisiertes Produkt aus einer Zusammensetzung, die eine Verbindung mit einer durch Formel (2) dargestellten Gruppe und ein Polyol enthält.

Laser processing method, semiconductor member manufacturing method, and laser processing device

Provided is a laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a semiconductor object surface inside the semiconductor object, the method comprising: a first step for forming a plurality of first modified spots so as to have a first formation density along the virtual plane by irradiating the inside of the semiconductor object with a laser beam from the surface; and a second step for forming a plurality of second modified spots so as to have a second formation density higher than the first formation density along the virtual plane by irradiating the inside of the semiconductor object with a laser beam from the surface, after the first step.

SUBSTRATE MANUFACTURING METHOD

A technique related to a substrate manufacturing method is provided. The substrate manufacturing method comprises irradiating laser into an ingot of gallium nitride (GaN) along a direction substantially vertical to a surface of the ingot and forming a reformed layer in which gallium has precipitated and that is substantially parallel to the ingot surface. The substrate manufacturing method comprises separating the ingot into a plurality with a position where the reformed layer has been formed as a boundary by dissolving the reformed layer. 1. A method of manufacturing a substrate , the method comprising:irradiating laser into an ingot of gallium nitride (GaN) along a direction substantially vertical to a surface of the ingot and forming a reformed layer in which gallium has precipitated and that is substantially parallel to the ingot surface; andseparating the ingot into a plurality with a position where the reformed layer has been formed as a boundary by dissolving the reformed layer.2. The method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the separating of the ingot includes dissolving the reformed layer by a chemical solution.3. The method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 2 , wherein the separating of the ingot is performed by immersing the ingot in a tank filled with the chemical solution.4. The method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 3 , whereinthe irradiating of the laser includes forming N layers (N being a natural number of 2 or more) of the reformed layers at different depths from the ingot surface, andthe separating of the ingot includes separating the ingot into N+1 pieces by dissolving each of the N layers of the reformed layers.5. The method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 2 , wherein the separating of the ingot includes using the chemical solution in a heated state.6. The method of manufacturing a substrate according to claim 2 , wherein the chemical solution is aqua regia.7. The method of ...

Information processing apparatus, method of controlling information processing apparatus, and image forming apparatus

An information processing apparatus enables communication with an image forming apparatus and includes a controller configured to acquire data related to a consumption amount of a consumable in the image forming apparatus, determine, based on the data, a future change of a remaining amount of the consumable, output a delivery request for a replacement consumable based on the future change of the remaining amount of the consumable, and detect an abnormality from the data. Information is displayed for prompting to stock a spare replacement consumable based on a result of the detection of the abnormality.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

A laser machining device provided with a laser light source for emitting laser light, a spatial light modulator for modulating the laser light emitted by the laser light source, and a light-condensing optical system for condensing on a machining target the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern when modified regions are formed in a glass portion, whereby the laser light is condensed on the machining target in which a silicon-containing silicon portion is laminated via a resin portion on a glass-containing glass portion for condensing the laser light on the glass portion so that condensation points are formed in multiple positions aligned in proximity along the direction of irradiation of the laser light. The modified regions are thereby formed in the interior of the machining target along a planned cutting line, whereby machining quality is improved.

Laser machining apparatus

A laser machining apparatus comprising a stage that supports a semiconductor object containing gallium, an irradiating part that irradiates the semiconductor object supported by the stage with laser light, a measuring part that measures the transmittance of the semiconductor object, and a control unit that controls the irradiating part and the measuring part. The control unit performs: a first irradiating process in which the laser light is irradiated to form a plurality of modification spots and deposition areas containing gallium that has been deposited in the plurality of modification spots along a virtual plane inside the semiconductor object facing the surface; a measuring process in which the transmittance of the semiconductor object is measured, following the first irradiating process; and a second irradiating process in which, following the measuring process, the inside of the semiconductor is irradiated with laser light from the surface under irradiation conditions that depend ...

IMAGE PROCESSING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent conveying force of a rotor from locally decreasing, and to make the rotor long life. SOLUTION: In a printer 1000, a controller controls and changes timing of starting to accelerate or decelerate a rotational speed of each of skew correction drive rollers 21a and 22a from a start of the rotation at an initial position, on the basis of a sheet detection of starting sensors 27a and 27b. As a result, the printer 1000 prevents the conveying force from concentrating on a specific position of the skew correction drive rollers 21a and 22a to prevent partial wear and decrease of the conveying force, and thereby the skew correction drive rollers 21a and 22a are used for a long period. COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT ...

Data processing apparatus which prevents data overflow and underflow

A data processing apparatus constitutes a low-cost audio/video data transmission and reception system. A reception buffer monitoring circuit 21 monitors the size of receiver data being accumulated in a reception buffer 6. When the size of accumulated data is found to become higher than a high threshold, the circuit 21 causes a reception clock generation circuit 8 to generate a reception clock with a higher frequency. When the accumulated data size becomes lower than a low threshold, the reception clock is generated with a lower frequency. Based on the reception clock fed from the reception clock generation circuit 8, an audio/video decoder 7 decodes the audio/video data coming from the reception buffer 6. The data processing apparatus applies advantageously to a television transmission and reception system for transmitting and receiving TV broadcast signals.

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE SHEET STRUCTURE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simply and beautifully applicable pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet structure. SOLUTION: The pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet structure is obtained by successively laminating a transparent release sheet 3, a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 and a surface substrate 1. The release sheet 3 has a residual intermediate surface part 4 for forming a non-adhesive surface so as to be left for forming a non-pressure-sensitive adhesive surface 12 to a mating member subjected to pressure-sensitive adhesion and a scheduled peripheral edge removing part 5 releasable by separating from the residual intermediate surface part 4 along a separating line 8. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT ...

ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHES PHOTOSENSITIVES ELEMENT, PROZESSKARTUSCHE UND ELEKTROPHOTOGRAPHISCHER APPARAT

Eine Grundierungsschicht eines elektrophotographischen photosensitiven Elements beinhaltet ein Bindemittelharz und ein Komplexteilchen, das aus einem Kernteilchen, das mit Zink-dotiertem Zinnoxid beschichtet ist, aufgebaut ist.

Data processor

Elektrophotographisches photoempfindliches Element, Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben, Prozesskartusche und elektrophotographischer Apparat

Eine Unterbeschichtungsschicht eines elektrophotographischen photoempfindlichen Elements enthält Zinkoxidteilchen, die einer Oberflächenbehandlung mit einer Organometallverbindung oder einer Organosiliciumverbindung unterworfen sind, und Titanoxidteilchen, die einer Oberflächenbehandlung mit einer Organometallverbindung oder einer Organosiliciumverbindung unterworfen sind. Die Titanoxidteilchen weisen einen durchschnittlichen Primärteilchendurchmesser von 100 nm oder mehr und 600 nm oder weniger auf. Ein Volumenverhältnis der Titanoxidteilchen, das durch Formel (1) dargestellt ist, ist 1,0 oder mehr und 25 oder weniger.

DATA PROCESSOR

A data processor which realizes an AV data transmitting/receiving system of a lower cost. A reception buffer monitor circuit (21) monitors the quantity of received data stored in a reception buffer (6). When a stored data quantity increases above the upper threshold value, the circuit (21) sets the frequency of a reception clock generated by a reception clock generating circuit (8) at a higher frequency. When the stored quantity decreases below the lower reference value, the reception clock frequency is set at a lower frequency. An AV decoder (7) decodes AV data supplied from the reception buffer (6) on the basis of a reception clock supplied from the reception clock generating circuit (8). This invention is applied for a television transmitting/receiving system which transmits and receives television broadcasting signals. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A power storage device including a battery containing body and a chassis for housing the body, further including a first guide rail for receiving a first end portion on a lower side of the body and a second guide rail for receiving a second end portion on an upper side of the body, when inserting and removing the flat battery containing body upright, wherein the first guide rail includes a pair of a higher side plate and a lower side plate which are different in height from each other and extend in an insertion direction, and a receiving portion including a stopper at an end portion of the rail; at a vicinity of a corner portion on a back side in the insertion direction of the first end portion of the battery containing body, a first protrusion portion is provided such that, when removing the battery containing body, the first protrusion portion engages with the stopper, thereby preventing the battery containing body from dropping; and at a vicinity of a corner portion on the back side ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, METHOD OF CONTROLLING INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An information processing apparatus communicably connected to an image forming apparatus comprises an acquisition unit configured to acquire a consumption amount of a consumable in the image forming apparatus, an output unit configured to output a delivery request for a replacement consumable based on the consumption amount acquired by the acquisition unit, and a notification unit configured to notify information for prompting to stock a spare replacement consumable based on the consumption amount. 1. An information processing apparatus communicably connected to an image forming apparatus , the information processing apparatus comprising:an acquisition unit configured to acquire a consumption amount of a consumable in the image forming apparatus;an output unit configured to output a delivery request for a replacement consumable based on the consumption amount acquired by the acquisition unit; anda notification unit configured to notify information for prompting to stock a spare replacement consumable based on the consumption amount.2. A method of controlling an information processing apparatus communicably connected to an image forming apparatus , the method comprising:acquiring a consumption amount of a consumable in the image forming apparatus;outputting a delivery request for a replacement consumable based on the acquired consumption amount; andnotifying information for prompting to stock a spare replacement consumable based on the consumption amount.3. An image forming apparatus comprising:a first controller configured to control outputting of a first signal for prompting a first preparation as a preparation for a replacement consumable based on an estimated consumption amount and/or a remaining amount of a consumable used for image formation in the image forming apparatus; anda second controller configured to control outputting of a second signal for prompting a second preparation different from the first preparation as a preparation for a replacement ...

Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung und Laserbearbeitungsverfahren

Eine Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung konvergiert Laserlicht an einem zu bearbeitenden Objekt, um einen modifizierten Bereich innerhalb des Objektes entlang einer Schnittlinie herauszubilden. Die Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung umfasst eine das Laserlicht emittierende Laserlichtquelle, einen das von der Laserlichtquelle emittierte Licht modulierenden räumlichen Lichtmodulator, und ein konvergierendes optisches System, welches das vom räumlichen Lichtmodulator modulierte Laserlicht am Objekt konvergiert. Der räumliche Lichtmodulator zeigt ein Axikon-Linsenmuster als Modulationsmuster an, um Konvergenzpunkte an einer Vielzahl von entlang der Laserlichtbestrahlungsrichtung nah beieinander nebeneinander liegender Positionen herauszubilden.

Power-storage device

A power-storage device is provided with a battery housing and a chassis for accommodating the battery housing, and further provided with a first guiderail for receiving a bottom-side first end, and a second guiderail for receiving a top-side second end, when vertically inserting/removing the flat battery housing, wherein: the first guiderail is provided with a high-side plate and a low-side plate which form a pair of different-height side plates extending in the direction of insertion; the end of the first guide rail is provided with a receiving part having a stopper; the vicinity of a corner section on the far-side of the first end of the battery housing in the direction of insertion is provided with a first projection for preventing falling by engaging the stopper when removing the battery housing; and the vicinity of a corner section on the far-side of the second end of the battery housing in the direction of insertion is provided with a second projection for preventing insertion by ...

Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung und Laserbearbeitungsverfahren

Die Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Laserlichtquelle, die Laserlicht emittiert, ein konvergierendes optisches System, welches das Laserlicht an einem zu bearbeitenden Objekt konvergiert, und einen Aberrationsbereitstellungsteil, zum Hinzufügen einer Aberration zu dem Laserlicht, welches an dem Objekt durch das konvergierende optische System konvergiert wird. In einer Richtung der optischen Achse des Laserlichtes ist ein Referenzaberrationsbereich ein Bereich einer konvergenzinduzierten Aberration als eine Aberration, welche an einer Position vorkommt, wo das Laserlicht konvergiert wird als ein Ergebnis des Konvergierens des Laserlichtes an dem Objekt, und wobei der Aberrationsbereitstellungsteil eine erste Aberration zu dem Laserlicht hinzufügt, so dass das Laserlicht einen verlängerten Bereich besitzt, der länger ist als der Referenzaberrationsbereich in Richtung der optischen Achse als ein Aberrationsbereich und eine Intensitätsverteilung in Richtung der optischen Achse mit ...

Compressor

Provided is a compressor for use in a gas well which produces natural gas, wherein the compressor controls the operating state of an impeller to suppress a reduction in the efficiency and the range of operation when liquid contamination occurs. In a compressor used in a natural gas well, contamination of the impeller of the compressor with a liquid component gives rise to a reduction in the compressor efficiency and the range of operation of the compressor. In order to enable a compressor which runs in an operating environment that is contaminated with a liquid component to operate without causing a reduction in the efficiency of the impeller or a reduction in the range of operation, the present invention provides a method of controlling the operating state of the impeller when liquid contamination occurs. 1. A compressor comprising:a rotation shaft;a motor configured to drive the rotation shaft;an inverter configured to supply electric power to the motor;arithmetic operation means for controlling the inverter; andan impeller attached to the rotation shaft,wherein at least information regarding shaft power detected from the motor is used to control a rotating state of the impeller such that adhesion of liquid droplets to blades of the impeller is suppressed.2. The compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the arithmetic operation means performs control such that a rotation speed of the motor is temporarily raised via the inverter in a case in which it is determined that a liquid film has been formed.3. A compressor comprising:a rotation shaft;a motor configured to drive the rotation shaft;an inverter configured to supply electric power to the motor;arithmetic operation means for controlling the inverter;an impeller attached to the rotation shaft; anda sensor disposed on an upstream side of the impeller,wherein at least information regarding a flowing speed of a liquid from the sensor is used to control a rotating state of the impeller such that adhesion of liquid ...

Elektrophotographisches photosensitives Element, Prozesskartusche und elektrophotographischer Apparat

Eine Grundierungsschicht eines elektrophotographischen photosensitiven Elements enthält ein Bindemittelharz und leitfähige Teilchen. Jedes der leitfähigen Teilchen weist ein Kernteilchen auf, das mit Zinnoxid, das mit Aluminium dotiert ist, beschichtet ist.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains zinc oxide particles subjected to a surface treatment with an organometallic compound or an organosilicon compound and titanium oxide particles subjected to a surface treatment with an organometallic compound or an organosilicon compound. The titanium oxide particles have an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm or more and 600 nm or less. A volume ratio of the titanium oxide particles represented by formula (1) is 1.0 or more and 25 or less. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the volume ratio of the titanium oxide particles represented by formula (1) is 5.0 or more and 20 or less.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 ,wherein the zinc oxide particles are zinc oxide particles subjected to a surface treatment with an organosilicon compound, andthe titanium oxide particles are titanium oxide particles subjected to a surface treatment with an organosilicon compound.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the organosilicon compound has an amino group.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the average primary particle diameter (R1) of the zinc oxide particles is 20 nm or more and 80 nm or less.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide particles are coated with at least one of alumina and silica.11. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 10 , wherein the volume ratio of the titanium oxide particles represented by formula (1) is 5.0 or more and 20 or less.12. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 10 , wherein the titanium oxide particles are titanium oxide particles subjected to a surface treatment with an organometallic compound or an organosilicon compound.13. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 10 ...

SERVER DEVICE, SERVER APPLICATION UTILIZING SYSTEM, AND SERVER APPLICATION UTILIZING METHOD

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform high grade image editing and sentence editing through a network. SOLUTION: A server device is provided with a character data reception part 6 for receiving character data transmitted from a terminal unit 1 through the network, an image data reception part 6 for receiving image data transmitted from the terminal unit 1 through the network, an editing part 6 for editing the received character data and image data in accordance with editing demand from the terminal unit 1, an image file conversion part 6 for converting the edited character data and image data into image files, and a transmission part 6 for transmitting the converted image file to the terminal unit 1 through the network in accordance with transmission demand from the terminal unit 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO ...

Elektrophotographisches photoempfindliches Element, Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben, Prozesskartusche und elektrophotographischer Apparat

Elektrophotographisches photoempfindliches Element, das umfasst:einen Träger;eine Unterbeschichtungsschicht auf dem Träger; undeine photoempfindliche Schicht auf der Unterbeschichtungsschicht,wobei die Unterbeschichtungsschicht Zinkoxidteilchen, die einer Oberflächenbehandlung mit einer Organometallverbindung oder einer Organosiliciumverbindung unterworfen sind, und Titanoxidteilchen, die einer Oberflächenbehandlung mit einer Organometallverbindung oder einer Organosiliciumverbindung unterworfen sind, enthält,wobei die Titanoxidteilchen einen durchschnittlichen Primärteilchendurchmesser von 100 nm oder mehr und 600 nm oder weniger aufweisen, undein Volumenverhältnis der Titanoxidteilchen, das durch Formel (1) dargestellt ist, 1,0 oder mehr und 25 oder weniger ist:wobei in Formel (1) R1 einen durchschnittlichen Primärteilchendurchmesser der Zinkoxidteilchen darstellt, R2 einen durchschnittlichen Primärteilchendurchmesser der Titanoxidteilchen darstellt, S1 ein Flächenverhältnis der Zinkoxidteilchen ...

Printing system and method for defect detection in a printing system

A printing system comprising an apparatus for defect detection in a printing system. The printing system comprises, an image forming device, a sensing unit for sensing a surface geometry of a sheet to be printed and for generating data representative of that surface geometry, a processor device for processing the data; and a controller for controlling further progress of the sheet along a transport path of the printing system in dependence upon the deformations in the surface geometry of the sheet detected and classified by the processor device. The operating conditions the sheet is exposed to at the sensing unit are similar to the operating conditions the sheet is exposed at the image forming.

Elektrophotographisches photosensitives Element, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektrophotographischen photosensitiven Elements, Prozesskartusche und elektrophotographischer Apparat

Ein elektrophotographisches photosensitives Element beinhaltet einen Träger und eine auf dem Träger gebildete Grundierungsschicht. Die Grundierungsschicht enthält ein Metalloxidteilchen. Das Metalloxidteilchen enthält auf dessen Oberfläche eine Verbindung, die durch eine der Formeln (A-1) bis (A-10) dargestellt ist, und eine Verbindung, die durch eine der Formeln (B-1) und (B-2) dargestellt ist.

Image processing apparatus and method

To eliminate a signal deviation that occurs when scaling processing is performed on image data including multiple signals having different data rates, there is provided an image processing apparatus which performs scaling processing on image data including multiple signals having different data rates and includes a first scaling processing unit that performs a first scaling processing according to a first scale factor in a first area; and a second scaling processing unit that performs a second scaling processing subsequent to the first scaling processing, according to a second scale factor ina second area adjacent to the first area, on a signal having a high data rate using the first scale factor, and performs the second scaling processing on a signal having a low data rate using the second scale factor obtained by correcting the first scale factor, after the first scaling processing.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

This invention is for forming modified regions on a workpiece by condensing ultrashort-pulsed laser light on the workpiece, and is provided with a laser light source for emitting laser light, a light condensing optical system for condensing the laser light emitted by the laser light source onto the workpiece, and an aberration induction unit for inducing an aberration in the laser light condensed on the workpiece by the light condensing optical system. When the range of the condensation-induced aberration, which is aberration occurring at the condensation position due to the condensation of the laser light on the workpiece, in the optical axis direction of the laser light is set as a reference aberration range, the aberration induction unit induces a first aberration in the laser light such that the aberration range of the laser light is a long range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction, and such that the intensity distribution of the laser light in the ...

Laser machining device and laser machining method

This invention is for forming modified regions on a workpiece by condensing ultrashort-pulsed laser light on the workpiece, and is provided with a laser light source for emitting laser light, a light condensing optical system for condensing the laser light (L) emitted by the laser light source onto the workpiece, and an aberration induction unit for inducing an aberration in the laser light (L) condensed on the workpiece by the light condensing optical system. When the range of the condensation-induced aberration, which is aberration occurring at the condensation position due to the condensation of the laser light (L) on the workpiece, in the optical axis direction of the laser light (L) is set as a reference aberration range, the aberration induction unit induces a first aberration in the laser light such that the aberration range of the laser light is a long range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction, and such that the intensity distribution of the ...

SHEET CONVEYING DEVICE, IMAGE FORMING DEVICE, AND IMAGE READING DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sheet conveying device capable of correcting skew of a sheet with high accuracy, an image forming device and an image reading device. SOLUTION: First skew detecting parts 27a and 27b for detecting skew of the sheet and second skew detecting parts 28a and 28b for detecting skew of the sheet are provided on upstream sides of skew correcting rollers 21 and 22 and downstream sides of the skew correcting rollers 21 and 22, respectively. A first skew correction is performed for the sheet by the skew correcting rollers 21 and 22 based on detection information by the skew detecting parts 27a and 27b. A second skew correction is performed for the sheet after passing the skew correcting rollers 21 and 22 by the skew correcting rollers 21 and 22 based on the detection information by the second skew detecting parts 28a and 28b. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT ...

COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, RECEPTION APPARATUS, AND TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION APPARATUS

A transmission/reception apparatus enabling a high-speed processing and a high extensibility when performing a communication protocol processing. In the transmission/reception apparatus transmitting/receiving data according to a predetermined communication protocol, the communication protocol processing is constituted so as to be able to be executed by both of hardware (a first and a second communication protocol processor) and software (a first and a second controller). Thus, for example, the data whose processing load is heavy is processed at a high speed by executing a communication protocol processing by hardware and the data whose processing load is light is processed by software having a high extensibility. That is, hardware and software are used depending on the data type. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

Transmission apparatus, reception apparatus and transmission/reception apparatus for image and/or audio data and other than image and/or audio data

The present invention provides a transmission/reception apparatus capable of achieving both a high processing speed and good extensibility in performing communication protocol processes. Used for transmitting data in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol and receiving data transmitted in accordance with the predetermined communication protocol, the transmission/reception apparatus has a configuration capable of executing communication protocol processes by using hardware (in first and second communication-protocol-processing units) and software (in first and second control units). The hardware or the software can be selected properly in accordance with the type of data. For example, a communication protocol process for data regarded as a heavy processing load can be carried out by using the hardware at the high processing speed whereas a communication protocol process for data regarded as a light processing load can be carried out by using the software, which offers the ...

METHOD FOR CUTTING WORKPIECE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cutting a workpiece with high accuracy along a predetermined cutting line without depending on the material of a workpiece being an object to be cut. SOLUTION: The rear surface 1b of a workpiece 1A is bonded to the surface 10a of a workpiece 10A for decoupling by anodic bonding. Thereby, a crack 17 generated in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10A for decoupling from a melting treatment area 13 as a starting point reaches the surface 1a of the workpiece 1A continuously without mostly changing the direction thereof. After the workpieces 1A and 10A are cut, the workpiece 10A is removed from the workpiece 1A to obtain a chip 19. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT ...

SHELF STRUCTURE FOR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS HOUSING

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate attaching or detaching of a metal cover without using a tool and to strengthen further magnetic shielding effect and grounding. SOLUTION: Notches are formed longitudinally at both ends of the square hole 21 of a front cover 2 to form a pair of cutouts 22, 23. An L-shaped metal cover 1 is inserted from the pair of cutouts 22, 23, the one surface 11 blocks the one surface of the hole 21 from the inside, and the other surface 12 blocks the other surface of the hole 21 from the outside. A hook 13 is formed at the end of the one surface of the cover 1 by further extending the metal plate and bending. At the time of inserting it is engaged with the end of the hole 21, and at the time of inserting the one surface 11, warping is so added as to press from the inside. Thus, it is engaged from above with the forming part of the hole 21 and engaged at the bottom to be attachable, and hence the side and upper face of the hole 21 can be simply blocked without using ...

LASERBEARBEITUNGSVORRICHTUNG UND LASERBEARBEITUNGSVERFAHREN

Eine Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung konvergiert Laserlicht an einem zu bearbeitenden Objekt, wobei das Objekt einen Siliziumteil besitzt, welches Silizium beinhaltet, das auf einem Glasteil angebracht ist, beinhaltend Glas, mit einem Kunstharzteil, welcher sich dazwischen befindet, um so eine modifizierte Region innerhalb des Objektes entlang einer zu scheidenden Linie auszubilden. Die Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Laserlichtquelle, welche Laserlicht emittiert, einen räumlichen Lichtmodulator, welcher das Laserlicht, das von der Laserlichtquelle emittiert wurde, moduliert und ein konvergierendes optisches System, welches das Laserlicht, das von dem räumlichen Lichtmodulator moduliert wurde, an dem Objekt konvergiert. Wenn die modifizierte Region in dem Glasteil ausgebildet wird, zeigt der räumliche Lichtmodulator ein Axionslinsenmuster als ein Modulationsmuster an, um so konvergierende Punkte an eine Vielzahl von nahe nebeneinanderliegenden Positionen entlang einer Laserlichtbestrahlungsrichtung auszubilden. A laser processing apparatus converges laser light on an object to be processed, the object having a silicon member including silicon mounted on a glass member including glass with a synthetic resin member interposed therebetween so as to form a modified region within the object along one train outgoing line. The laser processing apparatus includes a laser light source that emits laser light, a spatial light modulator that modulates the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system that converges the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator on the object. When the modified region is formed in the glass part, the spatial light modulator displays an axion lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of closely adjacent positions along a laser light irradiation direction.

Method for manufacturing gallium nitride substrate

A method of fabricating a gallium nitride substrate includes preparing a gallium nitride wafer, forming a conversion layer, and forming a gallium nitride substrate. The gallium nitride has a first major surface and a second major surface on a side opposite the first major surface. The gallium nitride wafer is made of a hexagonal crystal, and each of the first major surface and the second major surface is a {1-100} m-plane of the hexagonal crystal. The conversion layer is formed along a planar direction of the gallium nitride wafer by emitting a laser beam into the gallium nitride wafer. The gallium nitride substrate is formed from the gallium nitride wafer by singulating the gallium nitride wafer at the conversion layer. In the formation of the conversion layer, the laser beam is emitted to form an irradiation mark for forming the conversion layer.

Transmission apparatus, reception apparatus and transmission/reception apparatus for image and/or audio data and other than image and/or audio data

The present invention provides a transmission/reception apparatus capable of achieving both a high processing speed and good extensibility in performing communication protocol processes. Used for transmitting data in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol and receiving data transmitted in accordance with the predetermined communication protocol, the transmission/reception apparatus has a configuration capable of executing communication protocol processes by using hardware (in first and second communication-protocol-processing units) and software (in first and second control units). The hardware or the software can be selected properly in accordance with the type of data. For example, a communication protocol process for data regarded as a heavy processing load can be carried out by using the hardware at the high processing speed whereas a communication protocol process for data regarded as a light processing load can be carried out by using the software, which offers the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYMERIC OBJECT HAVING MICROPHASE-SEPARATED STRUCTURE AND POLYMERIC OBJECT HAVING MICROPHASE-SEPARATED STRUCTURE

A process for producing a polymeric object having a microphase-separated structure that can improve the degree of freedom for the structure to be formed is provided. A block copolymer composed of two or more segments and having a first segment composed of a monomer unit having a first functional group capable of forming an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond and a second segment incompatible with the first segment, and a polymer having, at other than the terminals of its polymer chain, a second functional group capable of forming an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond with the first functional group are mixed. Then, allowing the first segment to be associated with the polymer at many points by an ionic bond and/or a hydrogen bond, the mixture of the copolymer and the polymer is microphase separated. As a result, a polymeric object is formed including a region including the first segment and the polymer that have been associated with each other, and a region including the second segment.

TRANSMITTER, TRANSMISSION METHOD AND MEDIUM

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To transmit packets with a high throughput and high reliability. SOLUTION: A communication unit 1A forms a packet TA1 whose packet length is longest, transmits it to a communication unit 1B. When no acknowledgment ACK is returned from the communication unit 1B, the communication unit 1A forms a packet TA2 whose packet length is decreases and transmits it to the communication unit 1B. When no ACK with respect to the packet TA2 is returned, the communication unit 1A forms a packet TA3 whose length is furthermore decreased and transmits it to the communication unit 1B. Upon the receipt of a packet TB3 that is an ACK packet from the communication unit 1B, the communication unit 1A forms a packet DA1 with the same packet length as that of the packet TA3 where user data to be sent first are arranged and transmits it to the communication unit 1B. Then the communication unit 1A sequentially arranges the user data to the packet whose length is the same as that of the packet ...

Elektrofotografisches lichtempfindliches Element, Prozesskartusche und elektrofotografisches Gerät

Ein elektrofotografisches lichtempfindliches Element beinhaltet eine Grundierungsschicht, die Grundierungsschicht weist einen spezifischen Volumenwiderstand von 1 × 1010 Ω·cm bis 1 × 1013 Ω·cm auf, die Grundierungsschicht enthält (A) ein Zinkoxidteilchen und (B) wenigstens ein Teilchen ausgewählt aus Titanoxidteilchen, die mit Zinnoxid beschichtet sind, das mit einem aus Zink, Aluminium, Fluor, Wolfram, Niob, Tantal und Phosphor dotiert ist, und einem Titanoxidteilchen, das mit sauerstoffarmem Zinnoxid beschichtet ist, der Gehalt des Teilchens (B) in der Grundierungsschicht basierend auf dem Gehalt des Teilchens (A) von 3 Masse-% bis 20 Masse-% ist.

Image processing apparatus and method

To eliminate a signal deviation that occurs when scaling processing is performed on image data including multiple signals having different data rates, there is provided an image processing apparatus which performs scaling processing on image data including multiple signals having different data rates and includes a first scaling processing unit that performs a first scaling processing according to a first scale factor in a first area; and a second scaling processing unit that performs a second scaling processing subsequent to the first scaling processing, according to a second scale factor in a second area adjacent to the first area, on a signal having a high data rate using the first scale factor, and performs the second scaling processing on a signal having a low data rate using the second scale factor obtained by correcting the first scale factor, after the first scaling processing.

Image processing apparatus and method

To eliminate a signal deviation that occurs when scaling processing is performed on image data including multiple signals having different data rates, there is provided an image processing apparatus which performs scaling processing on image data including multiple signals having different data rates and includes a first scaling processing unit that performs a first scaling processing according to a first scale factor in a first area; and a second scaling processing unit that performs a second scaling processing subsequent to the first scaling processing, according to a second scale factor in a second area adjacent to the first area, on a signal having a high data rate using the first scale factor, and performs the second scaling processing on a signal having a low data rate using the second scale factor obtained by correcting the first scale factor, after the first scaling processing.

METHOD FOR CUTTING PROCESSING TARGET

A rear face of an object to be processed A and a front face of an object to be processed for separation A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby a fracture generated in a thickness direction of the object for separation A from a molten processed region acting as a start point reaches a front face of the object A continuously without substantially changing its direction. Then, after cutting the objects A, A, the object A is removed from the object A, so as to yield chips 1. An object cutting method comprising the steps of:irradiating, in a state where a first-side end face of a sheet-like first object to be processed and a second-side end face of a sheet-like second object to be processed are bonded to each other, the first object with laser light, so as to form a modified region in the first object along a line to cut for cutting the second object into a plurality of chips;generating a stress in the first object so as to cause a fracture generated from the modified region acting as a start point to reach a second-side end face of the first object and a first-side end face of the second object and cut the second object along the line; andremoving cut pieces of the first object from cut pieces of the second object, so as to yield the chips.2. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first-side end face of the first object and the second-side end face of the second object are bonded to each other by anode bonding.3. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first-side end face of the first object and the second-side end face of the second object are bonded to each other by surface-activated direct bonding.4. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first object is irradiated with the laser light while using the second-side end face of the first object as a laser light entrance surface.5. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the stress is generated in the first object by expanding an ...

METHOD FOR CUTTING OBJECT TO BE PROCESSED

A silicon substrate has a main face in a (100) plane, whereby a fracture generated from a molten processed region acting as a start point extends in a cleavage direction of the silicon substrate (a direction orthogonal to the main face of the silicon substrate ). Here, a rear face of an object to be processed A and a front face of an object to be processed for separation A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby the fracture reaches a front face 1of the object A continuously without substantially changing its direction. When generating a stress in the object for separation A, the fracture has reached a rear face of the object for separation A and thus easily extends toward the object A. 1. An object cutting method comprising the steps of:bonding a first-side end face of a first sheet-like object to be processed comprising a silicon substrate having a main face in a (100) plane and a second-side end face of a second sheet-like object to be processed such that the second-side end face opposes the main face;irradiating the first object with laser light so as to form a molten processed region within the silicon substrate along a line to cut for the second object and cause a fracture generated from the molten processed region acting as a start point to reach a second-side end face of the first object along the line; andgenerating a stress in the first object so as to cause the fracture to reach a first-side end face of the second object along the line and cut the second object along the line.2. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first-side end face of the first object and the second-side end face of the second object are bonded to each other by anode bonding.3. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first-side end face of the first object and the second-side end face of the second object are bonded to each other by surface-activated direct bonding.4. An object cutting method according to claim 1 , wherein the first ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and an undercoat layer on the support. The undercoat layer contains a metal oxide particle. The metal oxide particle contains a compound represented by any one of the formulae (A-1) to (A-10) and a compound represented by any one of the formulae (B-1) and (B-2) on the surface thereof. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle satisfies the following formula (1):{'br': None, 'i': 'S≦', 'sup': '2', '14≦25(m/g)\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sup': '2', 'wherein S represents a specific surface area (m/g) of the metal oxide particle.'}3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle satisfies the formulae (2) and (3):{'br': None, 'i': 'A+B', '0.02≦()≦0.40\u2003\u2003(2)'}{'br': None, 'i': 'B/A≦', '0.01≦1.0\u2003\u2003(3)'}wherein A represents a ratio of a mass of a compound represented by any one of the formulae (A-1) to (A-10) to a specific surface area S of the metal oxide particle, andB represents a ratio of a mass of a compound represented by any one of the formulae (B-1) and (B-2) to a specific surface area S of the metal oxide particle.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle is a metal oxide particle whose surface has been treated with a compound represented by any one of the formulae (A-1) to (A-10) and a compound represented by any one of the formulae (B-1) and (B-2).5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle is a particle comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide and titanium oxide.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rin the formula (2) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.8. The method for producing an ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, ELECTROPHOTGRAPHIC APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer containing a resin and a metal oxide particle whose surface has been treated with a compound represented by formula (1), and the resin is a polymerized product of a composition containing a compound having a group represented by formula (2) and a polyol. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein in the formula (1) claim 1 , Rrepresents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particle is a particle containing at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , and tin oxide.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein in the formula (2) claim 1 , X represents a single bond.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio (Mm/Mu) of the mass (Mm) of the metal oxide particle to the total mass (Mu) of the composition containing the compound having a group represented by the formula (2) and the polyol in the undercoat layer is 2/1 or more and 4/1 or less.6. A process cartridge which is detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus body claim 1 , the process cartridge comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to ; and'}at least one selected from a charging unit, a development unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit,wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one unit are integrally supported.7. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , a charging unit claim 1 , an exposure unit claim 1 , a development unit claim 1 , and a transfer unit.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the coating solution for an undercoat layer contains an alcohol.10. The ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

Provided is a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an undercoat layer, the method including preparing a coating liquid for an undercoat layer containing: a titanium oxide particle; a polyol resin; a blocked isocyanate compound in which a structure represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2) is bonded to an isocyanate group; and a monohydric alcohol represented by the formula (3): 2. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the monohydric alcohol represented by the formula (3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , 1-propanol claim 1 , and 1-butanol.4. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the coating liquid for an undercoat layer further contains an ether having a boiling point higher than a boiling point of the monohydric alcohol represented by the formula (3).5. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4 , wherein the ether is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrahydropyran claim 4 , tetrahydrofuran claim 4 , and 1 claim 4 ,3-dioxolane.6. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio (Mm/Mu) of a mass (Mm) of the titanium oxide particle to a total mass (Mu) of the isocyanate compound and the polyol resin is 1/1 or more and 4/1 or less (mass ratio). 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member.2. Description of the Related ArtAn electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained by forming an undercoat layer (intermediate layer) and a photosensitive layer on a support in the stated order is often used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member to be used in an electrophotographic apparatus. The undercoat layer is generally formed by forming a ...

POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A power storage device includes a battery containing body, an electronic device unit, and a chassis for housing them, wherein at a side surface portion of the chassis, an opening for inserting and removing the battery containing body and the electronic device unit is provided; an openable and closable pivoting member is provided inside the opening, the pivoting member, when closed, preventing removal of the battery containing body, and when opened, preventing insertion of the electronic device unit as removed; and the electronic device unit is housed and disposed adjacent to the battery containing body, and includes an opening prevention guide capable of engaging with the pivoting member and thereby preventing the pivoting member from being opened when the electronic device unit is housed. 1. A power storage device comprising a battery containing body , an electronic device unit , and a chassis for housing the battery containing body and the electronic device unit ,wherein at a side surface portion of the chassis, an opening for inserting and removing the battery containing body and the electronic device unit via the side surface portion is provided;an openable and closable pivoting member is provided inside the opening, the pivoting member, when closed, preventing removal of the battery containing body, and when opened, preventing insertion of the electronic device unit as removed; andthe electronic device unit is housed and disposed adjacent to the battery containing body, and includes an opening prevention guide capable of engaging with the pivoting member and thereby preventing the pivoting member from being opened when the electronic device unit is housed.2. The power storage device according to claim 1 , wherein in a state in which the electronic device unit is housed claim 1 , the opening prevention guide is in contact with a surface of the pivoting member when the pivoting member is closed or pivots.3. The power storage device according to claim 1 , wherein ...

LASER PROCESSING METHOD

It comprises a first step of preparing an object; a second step of forming a modified region in a first member along a line by irradiating the first member with laser light while using a front face of the object as a laser light entrance surface; a third step of forming a processing scar in a bonding layer along the line by irradiating the bonding layer with laser light while using the front face as a laser light entrance surface; and a fourth step, after the first to third steps, of forming a modified region in a second member along the line by irradiating the second member with laser light while using a rear face of the object as a laser light entrance surface; the fourth step uses the processing scar as a reference for alignment of a laser light irradiation position with respect to the second member. 1. A laser processing method comprising:a first step of preparing an object to be processed having first and second planar members stacked on top of each other and a bonding layer, arranged between the first and second planar members, bonding the first and second planar members to each other, the object being set with a line to process;a second step of forming a modified region in the first planar member along the line by irradiating the first planar member with laser light along the line while using a front face of the object on a side opposite from the bonding layer in the first planar member as a laser light entrance surface;a third step of forming a processing scar in the bonding layer along the line by irradiating the bonding layer with laser light along the line while using the front face of the object as a laser light entrance surface; anda fourth step, after the first to third steps, of forming a modified region in the second planar member along the line by irradiating the second planar member with laser light along the line while using a rear face of the object on a side opposite from the bonding layer in the second planar member as a laser light entrance ...

LASER PROCESSING METHOD, SEMICONDUCTOR MEMBER MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND LASER PROCESSING DEVICE

There is provided a laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a surface of the semiconductor object in the semiconductor object. The laser processing method includes a first step of forming a plurality of first modified spots along the virtual plane to obtain first formation density, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface, and a second step of forming a plurality of second modified spots along the virtual plane so as to obtain second formation density higher than the first formation density, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface after the first step. 1: A laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a surface of the semiconductor object in the semiconductor object , the method comprising:a first step of forming a plurality of first modified spots along the virtual plane to obtain first formation density, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface; anda second step of forming a plurality of second modified spots along the virtual plane so as to obtain second formation density higher than the first formation density, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface after the first step.2: The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the first step claim 1 , the first modified spots are formed so that a plurality of fractures respectively extending from the plurality of first modified spots are not connected to each other.3: The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the second step claim 1 , the plurality of second modified spots are formed so that a plurality of fractures respectively extending from the plurality of second modified spots are connected to each other.4: The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the second step claim 1 , the plurality of second modified spots are ...

POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A power storage device including a battery containing body and a chassis for housing the body, further including 1. A power storage device comprising a battery containing body and a chassis for housing the battery containing body ,wherein at a side surface portion of the chassis, an opening for inserting and removing the battery containing body via the side surface portion is provided;the battery containing body has a flat shape and is housed and placed upright such that an end portion of the battery containing body faces the opening;the chassis includes, inside, a first guide rail for receiving a first end portion on a lower side of the battery containing body when inserting and removing the battery containing body and a second guide rail for receiving a second end portion on an upper side of the battery containing body when inserting and removing the battery containing body;the first guide rail comprises a pair of side plates facing each other and extending in an insertion direction, the pair of side plates supporting the first end portion on the lower side of the battery containing body, one of the side plates being a higher side plate that is higher than the other side plate and the other side plate being a lower side plate that is lower than the higher side plate;at an end portion on the opening side of the first guide rail, a receiving portion including a stopper is provided;at a vicinity of a corner portion on a back side in the insertion direction of the first end portion on the lower side of the battery containing body, a first protrusion portion is provided such that, when removing the battery containing body, the first protrusion portion engages with the stopper, thereby preventing the battery containing body from dropping; andat a vicinity of a corner portion on the back side in the insertion direction of the second end portion on the upper side of the battery containing body, a second protrusion portion is provided such that,when the battery containing ...

LASER MACHINING DEVICE AND LASER MACHINING METHOD

A laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. A plurality of rows of modified regions include at least an entrance-surface-side modified region located on the laser light entrance surface side, an opposite-surface-side modified region located on the opposite surface side of the laser light entrance surface, and a middle modified region located between the entrance-surface-side modified region and opposite-surface-side modified region. When forming the middle modified region, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction. When forming the entrance-surface-side modified region and opposite-surface-side modified region, the spatial light modulator is restrained from displaying the axicon lens pattern as the modulation pattern. 1. A laser processing device for converging laser light at an object to be processed so as to form a plurality of rows of modified regions along a laser light irradiation direction within the object along a line to cut , the laser processing device comprising:a laser light source emitting the laser light;a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source; anda converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object;wherein the plurality of rows of modified regions include at least:an entrance-surface-side modified region located on the laser light entrance surface side;an opposite-surface-side modified region located on the opposite surface side of the laser light entrance surface; anda middle modified region located between the entrance-surface-side ...

LASER MACHINING DEVICE AND LASER MACHINING METHOD

A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed having a silicon part containing silicon mounted on a glass part containing glass with a resin part interposed therebetween so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. When forming the modified region in the glass part, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction. 1. A laser processing device for converging laser light at an object to be processed having a silicon part containing silicon mounted on a glass part containing glass with a resin part interposed therebetween so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut , the laser processing device comprising:a laser light source emitting the laser light;a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source; anda converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object;wherein, when forming the modified region in the glass part, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.2. A laser processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser processing device forms a plurality of modified spots within the object along the line and lets a plurality of the modified regions form the modified region;wherein, when forming the modified region in the glass part, the spatial light modulator forms ...

LASER MACHINING DEVICE AND LASER MACHINING METHOD

The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting a laser light, a converging optical system converging the laser light at an object to be processed, and an aberration providing part for imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system. In an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object, the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range and an intensity distribution in the optical axis direction with a continuous undulation in the elongated range. 1. A laser processing device for forming a modified region in an object to be processed by converging laser light at the object , the laser processing device comprising:a laser light source emitting the laser light;a converging optical system converging the laser light emitted from the laser light source at the object; andan aberration providing part imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system;wherein, in an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object,the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range and an intensity distribution in the optical axis direction with a continuous undulation in the elongated range.2. A laser processing device ...

LASER MACHINING DEVICE AND LASER MACHINING METHOD

A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. The spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction. 1. A laser processing device for converging laser light at an object to be processed so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut , the laser processing device comprising:a laser light source emitting the laser light;a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source; anda converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object;wherein the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.2. A laser processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser processing device forms a plurality of modified spots within the object along the line and lets a plurality of the modified regions form the modified region;wherein the spatial light modulator forms modified dots respectively at the plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along the laser light irradiation direction; andwherein a plurality of the modified dots constitute the modified spot elongated in the laser light irradiation direction.3. A laser processing device according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a display part of the spatial light modulator claim 1 , the axicon lens ...

LASER MACHINING DEVICE AND LASER MACHINING METHOD

A laser processing device forms a modified region in an object to be processed by converging ultrashort pulse laser light at the object and comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a converging optical system converging the laser light emitted from the laser light source at the object, and an aberration providing part imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system. In an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object, the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range and an intensity distribution in the optical axis direction with a continuous undulation in the elongated range. 1: A laser processing device for forming a modified region in an object to be processed by converging ultrashort pulse laser light at the object , the laser processing device comprising:a laser light source emitting the laser light;a converging optical system converging the laser light emitted from the laser light source at the object; andan aberration providing part imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system;wherein, in an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object,the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range ...

BATTERY CONTAINING BODY AND POWER STORAGE DEVICE

A battery containing body having a flat shape that can be inserted to and removed from a power storage device, wherein a handle is provided at an end portion on a front side in a direction of insertion, and at least at a lower end portion from among the lower end portion and an upper end portion when the battery containing body is inserted upright, a recess portion for supporting the lower end portion is provided. 1. A battery containing body that can be inserted to and removed from a power storage device , wherein the battery containing body has a flat shape;a handle is provided at an end portion on a front side in a direction of insertion to the power storage device; andat least at a lower end portion from among the lower end portion and an upper end portion when the battery containing body is inserted upright, a recess portion for supporting the lower end portion is provided.2. The battery containing body according to claim 1 , wherein the recess portion is provided on a back side relative to a center portion in the insertion direction.3. The battery containing body according to claim 1 , wherein the recess portion is provided at each of the lower end portion and the upper end portion.4. The battery containing body according to claim 1 , wherein at the lower end portion claim 1 , a first lower end portion-side projection portion extending in the insertion direction claim 1 , and a second lower end portion-side projection portion extending in the insertion direction and being provided apart from the first lower end portion-side projection portion are provided; andthe recess portion provided at the lower end portion is formed by a space between the first lower end portion-side projection portion and the second lower end portion-side projection portion.5. The battery containing body according to claim 4 , wherein at the upper end portion claim 4 , a first upper end portion-side projection portion extending in the insertion direction claim 4 , and a second upper end ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING QUANTUM CASCADE LASER BEAM SOURCE

A method of manufacturing a quantum cascade laser beam source () includes: preparing a semiconductor stacked body (); forming a pair of first excavated portions ( and ) and a ridge portion which is interposed between the pair of first excavated portions ( and ); forming channel structures ( and ) and circumferential edge portions ( and ) which are formed to interpose the channel structures ( and ) between the ridge portion () and the circumferential edge portion; forming an electrode pattern () in contact with a first area () and forming an electrode pattern () in contact with a second area (); fixing a crystal growth surface side to a support substrate (); removing an Fe-doped (semi-insulating) InP single-crystal substrate (); fixing a Si substrate (); and peeling the support substrate (). 1. A method of manufacturing a quantum cascade laser beam source , the method comprising:preparing a semiconductor stacked body having a lower contact layer, a lower clad layer, a lower guide layer, an activation layer, and an upper guide layer, sequentially stacked on an indium phosphide substrate;partially performing etching on the semiconductor stacked body to form a pair of first excavated portions having the lower clad layer exposed by the etching, and a ridge portion interposed between the pair of first excavated portions;partially performing etching on the pair of first excavated portions to form a second excavated portion having the lower contact layer exposed by the etching, and a circumferential edge portion formed to interpose the second excavated portion between the ridge portion and the circumferential edge portion after a doped layer has grown in the first excavated portions and the upper clad layer and the upper contact layer have grown in the first excavated portions and the ridge portion;forming an insulating film that excludes a first area being a partial area of the upper contact layer in the ridge portion, and a second area being a partial area of the lower ...

LASER PROCESSING METHOD, SEMICONDUCTOR MEMBER MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND LASER PROCESSING DEVICE

There is provided a laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a surface of the semiconductor object in the semiconductor object. The laser processing method includes a first step of forming a plurality of first modified spots along the virtual plane by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface, and a second step of forming a plurality of second modified spots along the virtual plane so as not to overlap the plurality of first modified spots, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface. 1. A laser processing method for cutting a semiconductor object along a virtual plane facing a surface of the semiconductor object in the semiconductor object , the method comprising:a first step of forming a plurality of first modified spots along the virtual plane by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface; anda second step of forming a plurality of second modified spots along the virtual plane so as not to overlap the plurality of first modified spots, by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface.2. The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the second step claim 1 , the plurality of second modified spots are formed along the virtual plane so as not to overlap a plurality of fractures respectively extending from the plurality of first modified spots.3. The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the second step claim 1 , after the plurality of second modified spots are formed claim 1 , a plurality of third modified spots are formed along the virtual plane so as not to overlap the plurality of first modified spots and the plurality of second modified spots claim 1 , by causing laser light to enter into the semiconductor object from the surface.4. The laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein in the first step claim 1 , the plurality of first modified ...

Compressor

Provided is a compressor operable with suppressing moisture adhesion to an impeller. This compressor includes; a tubular casing forming an annular space; a motor within the casing's annular space with having a gap between the casing and the motor; a rotary shaft extending downstream from the motor, for outputting rotational driving force of the motor; an impeller affixed to the rotary shaft downstream from the motor, and that compresses an operating fluid; and first guide blades in the gap and configured so as to impart a swirl component to operating fluid passing through the gap and moving toward the impeller due to the rotation of the impeller. A first moisture accommodation hole and a first discharge port, which open toward the portion of the annular space located between the impeller and the first guide blades and are for discharging moisture in the operating fluid, are formed in the casing. 1. A compressor comprising:a casing that has a columnar shape and forms a space;a motor provided within the space of the casing with a clearance left between the casing and the motor;a rotation shaft that extends downstream from the motor, and is configured to output rotational driving force of the motor;an impeller fixed to the rotation shaft on a downstream side with respect to the motor, and configured to compress working fluid; anda first guide vane provided in the clearance, and configured to give a swirl component to working fluid that passes through the clearance and approaches the impeller in accordance with rotation of the impeller,wherein the casing includes a first drain hole opened to a portion between the impeller and the first guide vane in the space, liquid contained in the working fluid being discharged through the first drain hole.2. The compressor according to claim 1 , whereinthe casing includes an inlet port through which the working fluid enters the impeller, andan outside diameter of the motor is larger than an inlet diameter of the inlet port.3. The ...

METHOD FOR DEFECT DETECTION IN A PRINTING SYSTEM AND PRINTING SYSTEM

The present invention provides an apparatus () for defect detection in a printing system (). The apparatus () comprises: a sensing unit () having at least one first sensor device () for sensing a surface geometry or topology of a sheet (S) to be printed as the sheet (S) travels on a transport path (P) of the printing system () and for generating data (I) representative of that surface geometry or topology; and a processor device () for processing the data (I) from the first sensor device () to detect and classify deformations (D) in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet (S) based on at least one predetermined criterion, wherein the at least one predetermined criterion is adjustable or variable to suit operating conditions in the printing system (). Further, the invention provides a corresponding method of detecting defects in a printing system (). 1. A method of detecting defects in a printing system , the method comprising the steps of:initiating a print job on the printing system based on predefined job settings, wherein the print job determines a job parameter,sensing a surface geometry of a sheet to be printed on a transport path of the sheet in the printing system to generate data representative of that surface geometry;processing the data generated to detect deformations in the surface geometry of the sheet;determining the suitability for printing of the sheet by comparing the data of the sheet to a reference; andwherein the method further comprises the step of selecting the reference based on the job parameter.2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of determining the job parameter.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of selecting the reference comprises adjusting the reference when a change in the job parameter is determined.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the job parameter corresponds to:a position of a detected deformation on the sheet;a class of a detected deformation;whether the sheet is on a ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING SUITABLE PRINTING CONDITIONS FOR PRINTING SHEETS IN A PRINTING SYSTEM

The present invention provides a method of optimizing the operating conditions for printing sheets, comprising the following steps: introducing a sheet into the printing system; treating the sheet by exposing the sheet to a physical operating condition of the printing system at a predetermined level; sensing a surface geometry of the exposed sheet to generate data representing a height map of the surface of the at least one exposed sheet for that predetermined level of that operating condition; and comparing the data to one another and/or a reference value to determine the suitable level of the least one physical operating condition. The invention further provides an apparatus optimizing the operating conditions for printing sheets. 1. A method of determining suitable operating conditions for printing sheets in a printing system , comprising the steps of:introducing an at least one sheet into the printing system;treating the at least one sheet by exposing the at least one sheet to at least one physical operating condition of the printing system at at least one predetermined level;sensing a surface geometry of a surface of the at least one exposed sheet to generate data representing a height map of the surface of the at least one exposed sheet for the at least one predetermined level of the at least one physical operating condition; andcomparing the data representing a height map of the surface of the at least one exposed sheet for the at least one predetermined level of the at least one physical operating condition to a reference to determine suitable operating conditions of the printing system.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of comparing the data comprises comparing the data representing a height map of the surface of the at least one exposed sheet for the at least one predetermined level of the at least one physical operating condition to a reference to determine a suitable level of the least one physical operating condition.3. A method ...

Centrifugal Compressor

A centrifugal compressor of the present invention can be operated without degrading the efficiency of the impeller or reducing the operating range thereof even when the centrifugal compressor is operated in an environment in which a liquid likely mixes. A centrifugal compressor of the present invention includes a rotating shaft which rotates rotationally, and an impeller including a hub fixed to the rotating shaft and plural vanes fixed to the hub at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction. The centrifugal compressor compresses a fluid by rotation of the impeller. The hub includes plural through holes penetrating the hub from a front side to a rear side of the impeller. 1. A centrifugal compressor comprising:a rotating shaft which rotates rotationally; andan impeller including a hub fixed to the rotating shaft and a plurality of vanes fixed to the hub at a predetermined interval in a circumferential direction;wherein the centrifugal compressor compresses a fluid by rotation of the impeller, andwherein the hub includes a plurality of through holes penetrating the hub from a front side to a rear side of the impeller.2. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 ,wherein the through holes are provided between the vanes on the rotating shaft side.3. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 ,wherein the through holes are located between an inlet radius Rh of the hub and an inlet radius Rsh of a shroud of the vanes.4. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 ,wherein a plurality of grooves extended to the through holes are formed along an inner surface of the hub.5. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 4 ,wherein the grooves and the through holes are located between an inlet radius Rh of the hub and an inlet radius Rsh of a shroud of the vanes.6. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 ,wherein the impeller includes a leakage reducing member on the rear side, the leakage reducing member reducing a leakage flow flowing ...

SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP, PROCESSED WAFER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP

A manufacturing method for a semiconductor chip includes: preparing a GaN wafer; producing a processed wafer by forming an epitaxial film on a surface of the GaN wafer to have chip formation regions adjacent to a first surface of the processed wafer; forming a first surface-side element component of a semiconductor element in each chip formation region; forming a wafer transformation layer along a planar direction of the processed wafer by irradiating an inside of the processed wafer with a laser beam; dividing the processed wafer at the wafer transformation layer into a chip formation wafer and a recycle wafer; extracting a semiconductor chip from the chip formation wafer; and after the preparing the GaN wafer and before the dividing the processed wafer, irradiating an inside of the gallium nitride wafer or the processed wafer with a laser beam to form a mark by deposition of gallium. 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor chip formed with a semiconductor element , the method comprising:preparing a gallium nitride wafer made of gallium nitride;producing a processed wafer by forming an epitaxial film on a surface of the gallium nitride wafer, the processed wafer having a first surface on a side of the epitaxial film and a second surface on a side of the gallium nitride wafer, the processed wafer including a plurality of chip formation regions adjacent to the first surface of the processed wafer;forming a first surface-side element component of the semiconductor element in each of the plurality of chip formation regions;forming a wafer transformation layer, in which nitride is separated from gallium, along a planar direction of the processed wafer by irradiating an inside of the processed wafer with a laser beam from the second surface side of the processed wafer;dividing the processed wafer at the wafer transformation layer as a boundary into a chip formation wafer including the first surface of the processed wafer and a recycle wafer including the second ...

SHEET TRANSPORT ASSEMBLY

A sheet transport assembly is provided for transporting a sheet along a process unit configured for applying a process to the sheet. The sheet transport assembly includes: a conveying unit including a transport belt and a deflection element. The transport belt is configured for advancing the sheet in a transport direction along the process unit to the deflection element, the sheet being placed with a contact side on the belt and a process side towards the process unit. The deflection element is arranged in contact with the transport belt to deflect the transport belt downstream in the transport direction relative to the process unit. The sheet transport assembly further includes a separating unit for separating the sheet from the transport belt. The separating unit is connected to an air supply source. The separating unit includes a restrain blowing device arranged for directing a restrain air flow onto the process side of the sheet in a restrain area for urging the sheet towards the transport belt proximate to the deflection element. The separating unit further includes a lifting blowing device arranged for directing a lifting air flow onto the contact side of the sheet in a lifting area for lifting the sheet from the transport belt. The lifting area is arranged extending only over a middle portion of a width of the sheet, the width being a dimension of the sheet in a lateral direction perpendicular to the transport direction. 1. A sheet transport assembly for transporting a sheet along a process unit configured for applying a process to the sheet , the sheet transport assembly comprising:a conveying unit comprising a transport belt and a deflection element, the transport belt being configured for advancing the sheet in a transport direction along the process unit to the deflection element, the sheet being placed with a contact side on the belt and a process side towards the process unit, the deflection element being arranged in contact with the transport belt to ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD

An electrophotographic apparatus includes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging roller that is disposed in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and applies a direct current voltage to charge the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a driving force transmission that transmits a driving force which causes rotation so that contact portions of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging roller move in the same direction and the peripheral speed of the charging roller is higher than the peripheral speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains metal oxide and the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of 1×10Ω·cm or more and 1×10Ω·cm or less. 1. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member;a charging roller that is disposed so as to be in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and applies a direct current voltage to charge the electrophotographic photosensitive member;a driving force transmission that transmits a driving force which causes rotation so that contact portions of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging roller move in the same direction and a peripheral speed of the charging roller is higher than a peripheral speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; anda developing device that supplies a toner onto the electrophotographic photosensitive member to form a toner image,wherein the developing device is configured to collect a residual toner left on the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the toner image has been transferred onto a transfer material,the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an undercoat layer on the support, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer,the undercoat layer contains metal oxide particles, and{'sup': 7', '14 ...

PROCESS CARTRIDGE, IMAGE FORMING METHOD, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

A process cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging device, and a developing device. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer containing a polyarylate resin and a polycarbonate resin. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has an outer diameter of 23 mm or less and the developing device is configured to collect a residual toner left on the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A toner has a weight-average particle diameter (D4) of 7.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, an average circularity of 0.95 or more, and an average aspect ratio of 0.90 or more. 1. A process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus , the process cartridge comprising:a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member;a charging device that charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member; anda developing device that forms a toner image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member through development using a toner,wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyarylate resin and a polycarbonate resin,the electrophotographic photosensitive member has an outer diameter of 23 mm or less,the developing device is configured to collect a residual toner left on the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the toner image has been transferred onto a transfer material,the toner has a weight-average particle diameter (D4) of 7.1 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less,the toner has an average circularity of 0.95 or more, andthe toner has an average aspect ratio of 0.90 or more.2. The process cartridge according to claim 1 ,wherein the charging device is a charging roller, andthe process cartridge comprises a driving force transmission that transmits a driving force which causes rotation so that contact portions of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the charging roller ...

Method for determining a sheet height

A method is provided for determining a sheet height of a sheet conveyed by a sheet transportation unit. An optical sensor is used for sensing the surface geometry of the sheet, resulting in a two-dimensional height image of the sheet. The height image has pixels that have a value representing a local height of the sheet. The method comprises the steps of: a) selecting from the height image pixels that have a deviating value; b) substituting the deviating value of a selected pixel by a realistic value that is derived from not selected pixels; and c) determining a sheet height by finding a maximum value from the values of the not selected pixels and the substituted values. Furthermore, a print system is provided that comprises a control unit that is configured to apply the invented method.

METHOD FOR CUTTING OBJECT TO BE PROCESSED

A silicon substrate has a main face in a (100) plane, whereby a fracture generated from a molten processed region acting as a start point extends in a cleavage direction of the silicon substrate (a direction orthogonal to the main face of the silicon substrate ). Here, a rear face of an object to be processed A and a front face of an object to be processed for separation A are bonded to each other by anode bonding, whereby the fracture reaches a front face of the object A continuously without substantially changing its direction. When generating a stress in the object for separation A, the fracture has reached a rear face of the object for separation A and thus easily extends toward the object A. 110-. (canceled)11. An object cutting method comprising the steps of:preparing a first sheet-like object to be processed comprising a silicon substrate having a main face in a (100) plane and a second sheet-like object to be processed the size of the silicon substrate being larger than the size of the second object when seen in the thickness direction of the first object;bonding a first-side end face of the first object and a second-side end face of the second object such that the second-side end of the second object face opposes the main face and an outer edge of the silicon substrate is located on the outer side of an outer edge of the second object when seen in the thickness direction of the first object;irradiating the first object with laser light so as to form a molten processed region within the silicon substrate along each of lines set like a grid for cutting the second object and cause a fracture generated from the molten processed region acting as a start point to reach a second-side end face of the first object along the line, the molten processed region being formed a part located on the outer side of the second object as well as a part opposing the second object in the silicon substrate when seen in the thickness direction of the first object; andgenerating a ...

LASER MACHINING METHOD AND LASER MACHINING DEVICE

Laser light L is converged at an object to be processed so as to form a modified region including a modified spot S in the object . At this time, the laser light L is converged at a front face of the object while an aberration of the laser light L is corrected such as to locate a converging point of the laser light L near the front face serving as a laser light entrance surface, so as to form a second modified spot Sexposed at the front face in the object

Electrophotographic photosensitive member and method of producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing a voltage fluctuation and occurrence of a black spot under a high-temperature/high-humidity environment. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; a first intermediate layer formed on the support; a second intermediate layer formed on the first intermediate layer; and a photosensitive layer formed on the second intermediate layer, in which the first intermediate layer contains metal oxide particles having a number-average primary particle diameter of from 30 to 450 nm; and the second intermediate layer contains a cured product of a composition containing an electron transport substance having a polymerizable functional group represented by the formula (1) or (2), and having a molecular weight of from 100 to 1,000, and a crosslinking agent having 3 to 6 groups reactive with the polymerizable functional group represented by the formula (1) or (2), and having a molecular weight of from 200 to 1,300.

PRINTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DEFECT DETECTION IN A PRINTING SYSTEM

A printing system comprising an apparatus for defect detection in a printing system. The printing system comprises, an image forming device, a sensing unit for sensing a surface geometry of a sheet to be printed and for generating data representative of that surface geometry, a processor device for processing the data; and a controller for controlling further progress of the sheet along a transport path of the printing system in dependence upon the deformations in the surface geometry of the sheet detected and classified by the processor device. The operating conditions the sheet is exposed to at the sensing unit are similar to the operating conditions the sheet is exposed at the image forming. 1. A printing system comprising an apparatus for defect detection in a printing system , the printing system comprising:an image forming device;a sensing unit comprising at least one first sensor device for sensing a surface geometry or topology of a sheet to be printed as the sheet travels on a transport path of the printing system and for generating data representative of that surface geometry or topology;a processor device for processing the data from the first sensor device to detect and classify deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet; anda controller for controlling further progress of the sheet along the transport path of the printing system in dependence upon the deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet detected and classified by the processor device,wherein the operating conditions in the sensing unit are controlled to be similar to the operating conditions in the image forming device.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the operating conditions include at least one selected from the group of humidity claim 1 , temperature claim 1 , orientation claim 1 , atmospheric composition claim 1 , holding force claim 1 , holding means claim 1 , and transport means.3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the image ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer, the undercoat layer having a volume resistivity of from 1×10Ω·cm to 1×10Ω·cm, the undercoat layer contains (A) a zinc oxide particle and (B) at least one particle selected from titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide doped with any one of zinc, aluminum, fluorine, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, and phosphorus and a titanium oxide particle coated with oxygen deficient tin oxide, and the content of the particle (B) in the undercoat layer is from 3% by mass to 20% by mass based on the content of the particle (A). 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising:a support;an undercoat layer on the support; anda photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer,{'sup': 10', '13, 'wherein the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of from 1×10Ω·cm to 1×10Ω·cm;'}the undercoat layer comprises:(A) a zinc oxide particle; and(B) at least one particle selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide doped with any one of zinc, aluminum, fluorine, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, and phosphorus, and a titanium oxide particle coated with oxygen deficient tin oxide; andthe content of the particle (B) in the undercoat layer is from 3% by mass to 20% by mass based on the content of the particle (A).2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the powder resistivity of the particle (B) is from 1×10Ω·cm to 1×10Ω·cm.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the undercoat layer comprises a binder resin.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a doping amount in the particle (B) is from 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass based on the mass of tin oxide in the particle (B).5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the particle (B) is a titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.6. The electrophotographic ...

PRINTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DEFECT DETECTION IN A PRINTING SYSTEM

The present invention provides a printing system with an apparatus for defect detection comprising a sensing unit for sensing a surface geometry or topology of a sheet and for generating data representative of that surface geometry or topology, a processor device for processing the data to detect and classify deformations, and a controller for controlling further progress of the sheet along the transport path of the printing system in dependence upon the deformations detected and classified by the processor device. Furthermore, the invention provides a corresponding method of detecting defects in a printing system. 1. A printing system comprising an apparatus for defect detection in a printing system , comprising:a sensing unit comprising at least one first sensor device for sensing a surface geometry or topology of a sheet to be printed as the sheet travels on a transport path of the printing system and for generating data representative of that surface geometry or topology;a processor device for processing the data from the first sensor device to detect and classify deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet; anda controller for controlling further progress of the sheet along the transport path of the printing system in dependence upon the deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet detected and classified by the processor device,wherein the controller is configured to control and/or operate a removal device for removing the sheet from the transport path of the printing system if and when the processor device detects one or more deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet that would render the sheet unsuitable for printing; the apparatus preferably including said removal device.2. A printing system according to claim 1 , wherein the processor device is configured to detect and to classify deformations in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet to determine whether a deformation exceeds a predetermined or ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoconductor has a support medium, an undercoat layer formed immediately on the support medium, and a photosensitive layer formed immediately on the undercoat layer, in which the undercoat layer contains a binding resin and composite particles each containing a core material particle covered with tin oxide doped with a predetermined amount of aluminum. 1. An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising:a support medium;an undercoat layer formed immediately on the support medium; anda photosensitive layer formed immediately on the undercoat layerwherein the undercoat layer containsa binding resin, andcomposite particles,the composite particles each containinga core material particle andtin oxide covering the core material particle and doped with aluminum, anda doping amount of the aluminum based on the tin oxide is 1% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less.2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the core material particle is a titanium oxide particle or a barium sulfate particle.3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a coverage of the tin oxide based on the composite particles is 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the binding resin is a cured resin.5. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a powder resistivity of the composite particles is 1×10Ω·cm or more.6. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 5 , wherein a powder resistivity of the composite particles is 1.5×10Ω·cm or more and 1×10Ω·cm or less.7. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a volume resistivity of the undercoat layer is 1×10Ω·cm or more and 1×10Ω·cm or less.8. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , further comprising a protective layer on the photosensitive layer claim 1 ,wherein the protective layer contains a polymerized ...

SHEET TRANSFER ASSEMBLY

A sheet transfer assembly is provided for transferring a sheet from a supplying conveyor to a receiving conveyor. The receiving conveyor includes a transport belt having a support surface for supporting the sheet on a contact side of the sheet. The supplying conveyor is arranged for advancing the sheet in a transport direction towards the receiving conveyor. The sheet transfer assembly includes a sheet guidance element arranged downstream of the supplying conveyor in the transport direction for guiding the sheet towards the receiving conveyor, the sheet guidance element includes a guidance surface for supporting the sheet at its contact side; wherein the guidance surface includes two guide faces. Both guide faces extending in the transport direction over the support surface of the transport belt and being cooperatively arranged for supporting both side edge portions at the sides of the sheet in a lateral direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the transport direction, thereby forming a space in between one another allowing a middle portion of the sheet to move towards the support surface of the transport belt.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING GALLIUM NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A method for manufacturing a gallium nitride semiconductor device includes: preparing a gallium nitride wafer; forming an epitaxial growth film on the gallium nitride wafer to provide a processed wafer having chip formation regions; perform a surface side process on a one surface side of the processed wafer; removing the gallium nitride wafer and dividing the processed wafer into a chip formation wafer and a recycle wafer; and forming an other surface side element component on an other surface side of the chip formation wafer. 1. A method for manufacturing a gallium nitride semiconductor device having a semiconductor element made of gallium nitride comprising:preparing a gallium nitride wafer having one surface and another surface opposite to the one surface;forming an epitaxial growth film on the one surface of the gallium nitride wafer to provide a processed wafer including the gallium nitride wafer and the epitaxial growth film and having a plurality of chip formation regions;perform a surface side process as a semiconductor process on a one surface side of the processed wafer, on which the epitaxial growth film is disposed, for processing the one surface side of the semiconductor element in the processed wafer;after the performing of the surface side process, removing the gallium nitride wafer of the processed wafers and dividing the processed wafer into a chip formation wafer and a recycle wafer including the gallium nitride wafer; andafter the dividing of the processed wafer, forming an other surface side element component by performing a back side process on an other surface side of the chip formation wafer opposite to the one surface on which the surface side process is performed, as the semiconductor process for the other surface side of the chip formation wafer, wherein: irradiating the processed wafer with laser light from the GaN wafer side and forming a transformation layer on at least one of the epitaxial growth film and the GaN wafer; and', 'after the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A semiconductor chip includes: an epitaxial film made of gallium nitride; a semiconductor element disposed in the epitaxial film; a chip formation substrate including the epitaxial film and having a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface; and a convex and a concavity on the side surface. 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor chip on which a semiconductor element is formed , the method comprising:preparing a gallium nitride wafer which is made of gallium nitride and has a first surface and a second surface;forming an epitaxial film on the first surface of the gallium nitride wafer to define a surface of the epitaxial film as a third surface and a surface of the gallium nitride wafer as a fourth surface to prepare a processed wafer having a plurality of chip formation regions on the third surface;forming a third surface element component of the semiconductor element in each of the plurality of chip formation regions;arranging a holding member on the third surface of the processed wafer;forming a division structure for dividing the chip formation regions;after forming the division structure, irradiating an inside of the processed wafer with a laser beam from the fourth surface of the processed wafer, and forming a wafer transformation layer by separating a nitrogen atom from a gallium atom and discharging the nitrogen atom from the division structure along a surface direction of the processed wafer;dividing the processed wafer at the wafer transformation layer as a boundary to divide the processed wafer into a chip formation wafer on the third surface of the processed wafer and a recycle wafer on the fourth surface of the processed wafer;forming a fifth surface element component of the semiconductor element on a fifth surface of the chip formation wafer from which the recycle wafer is divided;retrieving the semiconductor chip from the chip formation wafer; ...

METHOD FOR EVALUATING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

A method evaluates the mobility of a polymer composition in a high-temperature region of 150° C. or above. The method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a thin film sample which is formed on a substrate and which comprises: a fluorescent probe including a fluorescent rare earth complex having a melting point of 200° C. or higher; and a target polymer composition; and obtaining a relationship between a temperature and a fluorescent characteristic of the thin film. 1. A method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition , the method comprising the steps of:obtaining a thin film sample which is formed on a substrate and which comprises: a fluorescent probe including a fluorescent rare earth complex having a melting point of 200° C. or higher; and a target polymer composition; andobtaining a relationship between a temperature and a fluorescent characteristic of the thin film sample.2. The method for evaluating a physical property according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent probe comprises a fluorescent rare earth complex containing a trivalent lanthanoid ion as a central metal ion.4. The method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition according to claim 1 , whereinthe fluorescent probe is uniformly dispersed in the thin film sample, andin the step of obtaining the relationship,the fluorescent characteristic is a fluorescence lifetime, anda glass transition temperature at an interface between the target polymer composition and the substrate is obtained from a correlation between the temperature of the thin film sample and the fluorescence lifetime.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the fluorescence lifetime is an evanescent excitation fluorescence lifetime.6. The method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition according to claim 1 , whereinthe fluorescent probe in the thin film sample is localized at a predetermined distance from an ...

Compression Apparatus

Provided is a compression apparatus that can appropriately cool a motor even in a high-temperature operation environment. A rotating shaft, a main compressor attached to the rotating shaft, and which compresses ambient gases and to emit a compressed gas, a motor attached to an upstream side of the main compressor on the rotating shaft, and which drives the main compressor, a turbine provided at the upstream side of the main compressor, and which expands a part of the ambient gas to generate a low-temperature gas to be used to cool the motor, and a sub compressor provided at the upstream side of the main compressor and at a downstream side of the turbine, and which compresses the low-temperature gas used to cool the motor to pressure equal to the ambient gas, wherein the main compressor generates the compressed gas by mixing and compressing the low-temperature gas compressed by the sub compressor and a part of the remaining ambient gas. 1. A compression apparatus comprising:a first rotating shaft;a first compressor attached to the first rotating shaft, and adapted to compress an ambient gas to emit a high-pressure compressed gas;a first motor attached to an upstream side of the first compressor on the first rotating shaft, and adapted to drive the compressor; andexpansion means provided at an upstream side of the compressor, and adapted to expand a part of the ambient gas to generate a low-temperature gas to be used to cool the first motor.2. The compression apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a second compressor provided at the upstream side of the first compressor and at a downstream side of the expansion means, and adapted to compress the low-temperature gas used to cool the first motor to a pressure equal to the ambient gas, whereinthe first compressor mixes and compresses the low-temperature gas compressed by the second compressor, and a part of the remaining ambient gas to generate the compressed gas.3. The compression apparatus according to ...

LASER MACHINING METHOD AND LASER MACHINING DEVICE

Laser light L is converged at an object to be processed formed from quartz, so as to provide the object with a modified region including a plurality of modified spots S along a line to cut At this time, the laser light L is relatively moved along the line while irradiating the object so as to form the plurality of modified spots S with a pitch of 2 μm to 9 μm along the line This can optimize the pitch between the plurality of modified spots S to be formed, so as to link fractures favorably to each other between the plurality of modified spots S. 1. A laser processing method for cutting an object to be processed formed from quartz along a line to cut;the method comprising a modified region formation step of converging laser light at the object so as to form a modified region including a plurality of modified spots in the object along the line;the modified region formation step including the step of relatively moving the laser light along the line while irradiating the object therewith so as to form the plurality of modified spots along the line;wherein the plurality of modified spots have a pitch of 2 μm to 9 μm therebetween.2. A laser processing method according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of modified spots have a pitch of 6 μm to 9 μm therebetween.3. A laser processing method according to claim 1 , further comprising a cutting step of cutting the object from the modified region acting as a cutting start point by applying a force from outside to the object along the line.4. A laser processing device for cutting an object to be processed formed from quartz along a line to cut claim 1 , the device comprising:a laser light source for oscillating laser light in a pulsating manner;a condenser optical system for converging the laser light oscillated by the laser light source into the object on a support table; andcontrol means for controlling at least the laser light source;the control means executing a modified region formation process of converging laser light at ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin and conductive particles. Each of the conductive particles has a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR

A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoconductor including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer in this order on a cylindrical electrically-conductive support including the steps of: (i) immersing the support in a charge generating layer coating liquid, (ii) pulling the support out of the coating liquid, (iii) heat drying the support coated with the coating liquid to form the charge generating layer, (iv) cooling the charge generating layer, and (v) immersing the support on which the charge generating layer has been formed in a charge transport layer coating liquid while retaining gas inside of the support. The charge transport layer coating liquid contains a solvent having a boiling point of 34° C. or more and 85° C. or less, and the step (v) satisfies two specific conditions. 1. A method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoconductor including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer in this order on a cylindrical electrically-conductive support , comprising the steps of:(i) immersing the electrically-conductive support in a charge generating layer coating liquid,(ii) pulling the electrically-conductive support out of the charge generating layer coating liquid,(iii) heat drying the support coated with the charge generating layer coating liquid to form the charge generating layer,(iv) cooling the charge generating layer,(v) subjecting the electrically-conductive support on which the charge generating layer has been formed to immersion-coating with a charge transport layer coating liquid while retaining gas inside a cylinder space of the electrically-conductive support to form a coating film of the charge transport layer coating liquid on the charge generating layer, and(vi) drying the coating film of the charge transport layer coating liquid to form the charge transport layer,wherein the charge transport layer coating liquid contains a solvent having a boiling point of 34° C. or more and 85° C. or less, ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EACH INCLUDING THE ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing a ghost image. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in this order: a support; an intermediate layer containing metal oxide particles; and a photosensitive layer, in which the intermediate layer contains at least one kind of compound X selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2). 3. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the compound X in the intermediate layer is 0.05 mass % or more and 20 mass % or less with respect to a content of the metal oxide.4. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises metal oxide particles each containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , and tin oxide.5. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound X is{'sup': 1', '10, 'a compound represented by the formula (1) in which Rto Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, or a carboxy group, or'}{'sup': 11', '15, 'a compound represented by the formula (2) in which Rto Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, or a carboxy group.'}6. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound X is a compound represented by the formula (1) in which at least one of Rto Rrepresents a hydroxy group or a carboxy group.7. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 6 , wherein the compound X is a compound represented by the formula (1) in which at least one of R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , or Rrepresents a hydroxy group or a carboxy group.10. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 8 , wherein a content of the compound X in the intermediate layer is 0.05 mass % or more and 20 mass % or ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a binder resin, and a complex particle composed of a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with zinc.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

A laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. A plurality of rows of modified regions include at least an entrance-surface-side modified region located on the laser light entrance surface side, an opposite-surface-side modified region located on the opposite surface side of the laser light entrance surface, and a middle modified region located between the entrance-surface-side modified region and opposite-surface-side modified region. When forming the middle modified region, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction. When forming the entrance-surface-side modified region and opposite-surface-side modified region, the spatial light modulator is restrained from displaying the axicon lens pattern as the modulation pattern.

Method for laser beam machining

【課題】 有効部に損傷が生じるのを防止しつつ、強化ガラス板を備える板状の加工対象物から有効部を切り出すことができるレーザ加工方法を提供する。 【解決手段】 このレーザ加工方法は、切断予定ライン５Ａに沿ってレーザ光の集光点を相対的に移動させることにより、亀裂を発生させる改質領域をライン５Ａに沿って強化ガラス板１０の内部に形成する第１工程と、その後に、有効部１７Ａの内側に向かってライン５Ａに突き当たるように延在する切断予定ライン５Ｂに沿ってレーザ光の集光点を相対的に移動させることにより、亀裂を発生させる改質領域をライン５Ｂに沿って強化ガラス板１０の内部に形成する第２工程と、を備える。第２工程では、レーザ光の集光点が移動する速度をパルス発振されたレーザ光の周波数で除した距離以上の距離、ライン５Ａから離れた位置で、レーザ光の照射を停止させる。 【選択図】 図７

Battery housing and power-storage device

Data processor

A data processing apparatus constituting a low-cost audio/video data transmission and reception system is disclosed. A reception buffer monitoring circuit 21 monitors the size of receiver data being accumulated in a reception buffer 6. When the size of accumulated data is found to become higher than a high threshold, the circuit 21 causes a reception clock generation circuit 8 to generate a reception clock with a higher frequency. When the accumulated data size becomes lower than a low threshold, the reception clock is generated with a lower frequency. Based on the reception clock fed from the reception clock generation circuit 8, an audio/video decoder 7 decodes the audio/video data coming from the reception buffer 6. This invention applies advantageously to a television transmission and reception system for transmitting and receiving TV broadcast signals.

Information processing apparatus, method of controlling information processing apparatus, and image forming apparatus

An information processing apparatus communicating with an image forming apparatus on which toner containers containing toners of different colors are mounted and which forms an image using the toners of different colors includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire, for each color, a stock request of a toner container to be stocked being different from the toner containers mounted on the image forming apparatus, and a display unit configured to display, for each color, stock information indicating that stocking of a spare toner container is required, in accordance with the stock request acquired by the acquisition unit.

Method of cutting object to be processed, method of cutting strengthened glass sheet and method of manufacturing strengthened glass member

A method of cutting an object to be processed comprises the steps of irradiating an object to be processed with a laser light which is an elliptically-polarized light having an ellipticity other than 1 such that a direction of polarization of the laser light intersects a line to cut the object and a thickness direction of the object, while locating a converging point of the laser light within the object, so as to form a modified region within the object along the line and generate a fracture from the modified region in the thickness direction of the object, and causing the fracture to reach front and rear faces of the object so as to cut the object along the line.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting a laser light, a converging optical system converging the laser light at an object to be processed, and an aberration providing part for imparting an aberration to the laser light converged at the object by the converging optical system. In an optical axis direction of the laser light, letting a reference aberration range be a range of a converging-induced aberration as an aberration occurring at a position where the laser light is converged as a result of converging the laser light at the object, the aberration providing part imparts a first aberration to the laser light such that the laser light has an elongated range longer than the reference aberration range in the optical axis direction as an aberration range and an intensity distribution in the optical axis direction with a continuous undulation in the elongated range.

Tempered glass plate cutting method

在本發明的強化玻璃板切斷方法中，沿著切斷預定線(5)以特定的脈衝間距(PT)對強化玻璃板(1)照射雷射光(L)。藉此，沿著切斷預定線(5)於強化玻璃板(1)的內部形成改質領域(7)。形成於強化玻璃板(1)內部的改質領域(7)，如以上所述成為釋放內部應力的起點。因此，藉由內部應力的釋放使裂縫沿著改質領域(7)進展。據此，根據該強化玻璃板切斷方法，可沿著切斷預定線(5)切斷強化玻璃板(1)，也就是指可將強化玻璃板(1)切斷成所期望的形狀。

Method for defect detection in a printing system and printing system

The present invention provides an apparatus ( 20 ) for defect detection in a printing system ( 1 ). The apparatus ( 20 ) comprises: a sensing unit ( 21 ) having at least one first sensor device ( 22 ) for sensing a surface geometry or topology of a sheet (S) to be printed as the sheet (S) travels on a transport path (P) of the printing system ( 1 ) and for generating data (I) representative of that surface geometry or topology; and a processor device ( 25 ) for processing the data (I) from the first sensor device ( 22 ) to detect and classify deformations (D) in the surface geometry or topology of the sheet (S) based on at least one predetermined criterion, wherein the at least one predetermined criterion is adjustable or variable to suit operating conditions in the printing system ( 1 ). Further, the invention provides a corresponding method of detecting defects in a printing system ( 1 ).

Information collection/management system, information collection/management apparatus, terminal device for use in the information collection/management system, storage medium in which collected information is stored, method for allowing collected information to be viewed, program for implementing the system, the apparatus, the terminal, or executing the method, and storage medium in which the program is stored

An information collecting/providing system provides information in a manner that allows information to be easily registered, viewed, developed, and reused, even when a large amount of various kinds of information is collected and dealt with. The information collecting/providing system includes one or more terminal devices, an information collection/management apparatus connectable to the one or more terminal devices via a communication network, and an collected-information database connected to the information collection/management apparatus. The information collection/management apparatus receives collected information from the one or more terminal devices and stores the received information into the collected-information database. If the information collection/management apparatus receives a request from a terminal device, the information collection/management apparatus transmits, to the terminal device, collected information allowed for a user of the terminal device to read.

Laser processing method, and manufacturing method of electronic device

【課題】強化ガラス板を備える板状の加工対象物から一部分を精度良く切り出すことができるレーザ加工方法及び電子デバイスの製造方法を提供する。 【解決手段】このレーザ加工方法は、強化ガラス板１０を備える板状の加工対象物１から少なくとも内側部分１７を切り出すためのレーザ加工方法であって、内側部分１７の外周面１９に沿うように延在する環状の第１切断予定ライン５１を設定する工程と、その工程の後に、強化ガラス板１０の内部にレーザ光Ｌの集光点Ｐを合わせて、強化ガラス板１０の厚さ方向における一方の側に集光点Ｐを相対的に移動させながら、第１切断予定ライン５１に沿って少なくとも１周、集光点Ｐを相対的に移動させることにより、第１亀裂８１を発生させる第１改質領域７１を、第１切断予定ライン５１に沿って強化ガラス板１０の内部に形成する工程と、を備える。 【選択図】図１１

Sheet conveying apparatus, image forming apparatus, and image reading apparatus

A curved conveying guiding portion which guides a sheet toward a skew correcting unit is provided on a sheet conveying direction upstream of the skew correcting unit which corrects a skew of the sheet by rotating the sheet while conveying it. By narrowing an interval in the vertical direction in a center portion in the lateral direction of the conveying guiding portion, when a sheet S is rotated and corrected by the skew correcting unit, a load which the sheet to be corrected receives from the conveying guiding portion is reduced.

Communication apparatus; reception apparatus; and transmission/reception apparatus

A transmission/reception apparatus enabling a high-speed processing and a high extensibility when performing a communication protocol processing. In the transmission/reception apparatus transmitting/receiving data according to a predetermined communication protocol, the communication protocol processing is constituted so as to be able to be executed by both of hardware (a first and a second communication protocol processor) and software (a first and a second controller). Thus, for example, the data whose processing load is heavy is processed at a high speed by executing a communication protocol processing by hardware and the data whose processing load is light is processed by software having a high extensibility. That is, hardware and software are used depending on the data type.

Information collecting and managing system and device, terminal device for system, recording medium recording collected information, method of browsing collected information, program and recording medium storing program

(57)【要約】 【課題】 多様・大量の情報が集積する場合にも、情 報の登録・及び閲覧が容易に行え、かつ登録した情報を 展開したり再利用したりすることも容易な情報提供の仕 組みを提供する。 【解決手段】 この情報収集・配信システムは、端末 装置３０１、３０２，…、３０Ｎと、この端末装置と通 信網３１０を介して接続可能な情報収集・管理装置３２ ０と、該情報収集・管理装置３２０に接続された収集情 報データベース３３０とを有している。情報配信装置３ ２０は、端末装置３０１、３０２，…、３０Ｎから送信 される収集情報を受け取り、これを収集情報データベー ス３３０に記録するとともに、端末装置からの要求に従 って、該端末装置のユーザが閲覧可能な収集情報を該端 末装置に送信するように作用する。

Method of cutting object to be processed

A method of cutting an object to be processed comprises the steps of irradiating an object to be processed with a laser light which is an elliptically-polarized light having an ellipticity other than 1 such that a direction of polarization of the laser light intersects a line to cut the object and a thickness direction of the object, while locating a converging point of the laser light within the object, so as to form a modified region within the object along the line and generate a fracture from the modified region in the thickness direction of the object, and causing the fracture to reach front and rear faces of the object so as to cut the object along the line.

Work machine display control system, work machine display system, work machine, work machine display control method, and work machine display control program

【課題】作業機械に関連する種々の情報の各々の視認性向上を図りやすい作業機械用表示制御システム、作業機械用表示システム、作業機械、作業機械用表示制御方法及び作業機械用表示制御プログラムを提供する。【解決手段】表示制御システムは、表示画面Ｄ１を表示装置に表示させる表示処理部を備える。表示画面Ｄ１は、残量表示領域Ｒ１と、切替表示領域Ｒ２と、を含む。残量表示領域Ｒ１は、作業機械の稼働に伴って消費される監視対象物の残量に関する残量情報Ｇ１を表示する領域である。切替表示領域Ｒ２は、少なくとも作業機械に関連する第１情報及び第２情報を含む複数の情報の中から切替可能に選択される表示対象情報を表示する領域である。切替表示領域Ｒ２は、表示画面Ｄ１の中心Ｃ１を含む中央エリアに配置される。残量表示領域Ｒ１は、表示画面Ｄ１の中央エリアの周囲に位置する周辺エリアに配置される。【選択図】図３

Data processor

A data processing apparatus constituting a low-cost audio/video data transmission and reception system is disclosed. A reception buffer monitoring circuit 21 monitors the size of receiver data being accumulated in a reception buffer 6 . When the size of accumulated data is found to become higher than a high threshold, the circuit 21 causes a reception clock generation circuit 8 to generate a reception clock with a higher frequency. When the accumulated data size becomes lower than a low threshold, the reception clock is generated with a lower frequency. Based on the reception clock fed from the reception clock generation circuit 8 , an audio/video decoder 7 decodes the audio/video data coming from the reception buffer 6 . This invention applies advantageously to a television transmission and reception system for transmitting and receiving TV broadcast signals.

Image processing apparatus and method

A sheet transfer assembly

Data processor

A data processor which realizes an AV data transmitting/receiving system of a lower cost. A reception buffer monitor circuit (21) monitors the quantity of received data stored in a reception buffer (6). When a stored data quantity increases above the upper threshold value, the circuit (21) sets the frequency of a reception clock generated by a reception clock generating circuit (8) at a higher frequency. When the stored quantity decreases below the lower reference value, the reception clock frequency is set at a lower frequency. An AV decoder (7) decodes AV data supplied from the reception buffer (6) on the basis of a reception clock supplied from the reception clock generating circuit (8). This invention is applied for a television transmitting/receiving system which transmits and receives television broadcasting signals.

Sealing member, toner supply container, and toner supply system

A sealing member for permitting mounting in a toner suppliable state, release from a toner supply state, and a retraction to a container removal position with respect to a developer supply container and for sealing a toner discharge opening of the developer supply container detachably mountable to an image forming apparatus is provided. The sealing member includes a snap hook portion provided with an engagement projection which is snap hook-engageable with an engagement member of the image forming apparatus; and a release projection, provided to the snap hook portion, for receiving a force for moving the engagement projection inward. The force is applied from a hollow open/close control member (release) member provided in the image forming apparatus to the release projection. In this state, when the sealing member is moved relative to the image forming apparatus, the sealing member further includes an engagement (regulation) portion for regulating an inclination thereof by contact with a regulation member of the image forming apparatus.

Method for defect detection in a printing system and printing system

Surface processing method, and structure manufacturing method

【課題】ブリスタリングを利用して加工対象物の表面を効率的に加工することができる表面加工方法、及び構造体の製造方法を提供する。【解決手段】まず、Ｓｉウェハ２００に対してイオン注入を行うことにより、Ｓｉウェハ２００にイオン注入層２３０を形成する。続いて、Ｓｉウェハ２００の内部にレーザ光の焦点１４０を合わせてレーザ光を照射して、Ｓｉウェハ２００のうちレーザ光の照射部分を局所的に加熱する。これにより、Ｓｉウェハ２００にブリスタリング２５０を発生させることにより、Ｓｉウェハ２００の表面２１０に構造体２６０として、表面２１０の一部が隆起した隆起構造を形成する。この方法によると、Ｓｉウェハ２００の内部を局所的に急速かつ容易に加熱することができるので、ブリスタリング２５０を利用してＳｉウェハ２００の表面２１０を効率的に加工することができる。【選択図】図１

Sheet conveying apparatus, image forming apparatus, and image reading apparatus

A curved conveying guiding portion which guides a sheet toward a skew correcting unit is provided on a sheet conveying direction upstream of the skew correcting unit which corrects a skew of the sheet by rotating the sheet while conveying it. By narrowing an interval in the vertical direction in a center portion in the lateral direction of the conveying guiding portion, when a sheet S is rotated and corrected by the skew correcting unit, a load which the sheet to be corrected receives from the conveying guiding portion is reduced.

Laser machining device and laser machining method

A laser processing device converges laser light at an object to be processed having a silicon part containing silicon mounted on a glass part containing glass with a resin part interposed therebetween so as to form a modified region within the object along a line to cut. The laser processing device comprises a laser light source emitting the laser light, a spatial light modulator modulating the laser light emitted from the laser light source, and a converging optical system converging the laser light modulated by the spatial light modulator at the object. When forming the modified region in the glass part, the spatial light modulator displays an axicon lens pattern as a modulation pattern so as to form converging points at a plurality of positions juxtaposed close to each other along a laser light irradiation direction.

Control method for work machine, control program for work machine, control system for work machine and work machine

【課題】操作に係るオペレータの負担を軽減しやすい作業機械の制御方法、作業機械用制御プログラム、作業機械用制御システム及び作業機械を提供することを目的とする。 【解決手段】作業機械３の制御方法は、操作装置３５の操作に従って動作を行う機体３０を備え、操作装置３５の操作と機体３０の動作との対応関係である操作パターンを変更可能な作業機械３の制御方法である。この制御方法は、操作装置３５の操作に応じて機体３０が動作しない状態から、操作装置３５の操作に応じて機体３０が動作する状態への切り替え時に、現在の操作パターンを示す操作パターン情報を提示すること、を有する。 【選択図】図２

Data processor

A data processing apparatus constituting a low-cost audio/video data transmission and reception system is disclosed. A reception buffer monitoring circuit 21 monitors the size of receiver data being accumulated in a reception buffer 6. When the size of accumulated data is found to become higher than a high threshold, the circuit 21 causes a reception clock generation circuit 8 to generate a reception clock with a higher frequency. When the accumulated data size becomes lower than a low threshold, the reception clock is generated with a lower frequency. Based on the reception clock fed from the reception clock generation circuit 8, an audio/video decoder 7 decodes the audio/video data coming from the reception buffer 6. This invention applies advantageously to a television transmission and reception system for transmitting and receiving TV broadcast signals.

作業機械の制御方法、作業機械用制御プログラム、作業機械用制御システム及び作業機械

【課題】操作性の向上を図ることができる、作業機械の制御方法、作業機械用制御プログラム、作業機械用制御システム及び作業機械を提供する。【解決手段】作業機械の制御方法は、作業機械に関連する情報を含む表示画面を表示装置に表示させることと、第１切替処理及び第２切替処理の少なくとも一方を実行することと、を有する。第１切替処理は、無効操作部の操作状態に応じた有効状態から無効状態への切り替えに伴い、表示装置２に表示させる表示画面を、作業機械の周囲の監視エリアの撮像画像を含むカメラ画面Ｄｐ１２から、撮像画像を含まない基本画面Ｄｐ１１に切り替える処理である。第２切替処理は、無効操作部の操作状態に応じた無効状態から有効状態への切り替えに伴い、表示装置に表示させる表示画面を、基本画面Ｄｐ１１からカメラ画面Ｄｐ１２に切り替える処理である。【選択図】図９

窒化ガリウム基板の製造方法

【課題】製造時間の短縮化を図ることができるＧａＮ基板の製造方法を提供する。【解決手段】第１主面１０ａおよび第１主面１０ａと反対側の第２主面１０ｂを有するＧａＮウェハ１０を用意することと、ＧａＮウェハ１０の第２主面１０ｂから当該ＧａＮウェハ１０の内部にレーザ光Ｌを照射することにより、ＧａＮウェハ１０の面方向に沿った変質層１１を形成することと、変質層１１を境界としてＧａＮウェハ１０を分割することにより、ＧａＮウェハ１０からＧａＮ基板を製造することとを行う。そして、ＧａＮウェハ１０を用意することでは、六方晶で構成され、第１主面１０ａおよび第２主面１０ｂが｛１－１００｝ｍ面とされたＧａＮウェハ１０を用意し、変質層１１を形成することでは、ＧａＮウェハ１０の内部に変質層を構成するための照射痕が形成されるようにレーザ光Ｌを照射して変質層１１を形成する。【選択図】図１Ｃ

Manufacturing method of semiconductor device

A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, includes: forming a gas vent recess in a first surface of a compound semiconductor substrate, which includes a plurality of device regions adjacent to the first surface, along an interface between the plurality of device regions; forming an altered layer inside the compound semiconductor substrate to extend along the first surface at a depth corresponding to a range of a depth of the gas vent recess by applying a laser beam; dividing the compound semiconductor substrate at the altered layer into a first part including the first surface and a second part including a second surface of the compound semiconductor substrate opposite to the first surface; and forming a metal film to cover a divided surface of the first part while exposing the gas vent recess.

Method for manufacturing gallium nitride semiconductor device

A method for manufacturing a gallium nitride semiconductor device includes: preparing a gallium nitride wafer; forming an epitaxial growth film on the gallium nitride wafer to provide a processed wafer having chip formation regions; perform a surface side process on a one surface side of the processed wafer; removing the gallium nitride wafer and dividing the processed wafer into a chip formation wafer and a recycle wafer; and forming an other surface side element component on an other surface side of the chip formation wafer.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a binder resin and conductive particles. Each of the conductive particles has a core particle coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum.

Semiconductor chip and method for manufacturing the same

A semiconductor chip includes: an epitaxial film made of gallium nitride; a semiconductor element disposed in the epitaxial film; a chip formation substrate including the epitaxial film and having a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface; and a convex and a concavity on the side surface.

Manufacturing method of semiconductor device

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a trench forming step, a laser irradiation step and a peeling step. In the trench forming step, a trench is formed on a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate having a device structure formed thereon. In the laser irradiation step, a laser is irradiated from a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate to a plane surface that is positioned and extends at a predetermined depth of the semiconductor substrate. In the peeling step, a device layer is peeled off from the semiconductor substrate along the plane surface on which the laser is irradiated. The peeling step may be performed in a state in which the trenches are either unfilled or filled with a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the semiconductor substrate.

Laser processing method, semiconductor device manufacturing method, and laser processing device

A laser processing method includes: a forming step of forming a plurality of modified spots along an imaginary plane inside a work piece by irradiating an inside of the work piece with laser light from a surface. The work piece includes a first region and second region when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surface. In the forming step, a plurality of modified spot rows formed of the plurality of modified spots arranged along a boundary between the first region and the second region are formed in the second region, the plurality of modified spot rows being arranged along a direction intersecting an arrangement direction of the plurality of modified spots, and a crack extending from the second region to the first region is formed by forming the plurality of modified spot rows.

作業機械の表示装置の制御方法

【課題】作業機械の消耗品の使用情報をリセットする操作方法を直感的に分かり易くすることができる。【解決手段】作業機械１の表示装置１０の制御方法は、メンテナンスを要する作業機械１の消耗品のメンテナンス時期の到来を報知することと、メンテナンスを要する消耗品を表示装置１０の表示部１３に機能設定項目として表示することと、作業機械１で記憶された消耗品に関して使用した積算時間をリセットする機能設定項目の選択を受け付けると、表示部１３に積算時間をリセットするか否かを設定可能なリセット設定画面６０ａを表示させることと、を有する。【選択図】図１

建設機械の制御方法

【課題】吊り走行前に、検出結果に基づく吊り走行の可否を、操縦者に報知することができる建設機械を提供する。【解決手段】建設機械の制御方法は、建設機械の作業機に吊り下げられる吊り荷の実荷重を検出することと、建設機械が走行時に吊り下げを許容可能な吊り荷の荷重である走行定格荷重を演算し、走行定格荷重と実荷重に基づき、吊り走行の可否の判定を実行することと、吊り走行の可否の判定が否である場合、実荷重が表示される表示部に建設機械が走行する前に、吊り走行の可否の判定が否であることを表す第１表示を表示することと、を有する。【選択図】図４

Work machine display control system, work machine display system, work machine, work machine display control method, and work machine display control program

This display control system is used in a work machine comprising a work unit and a drive device. The work unit performs work by driving an attachment attached to a machine body of the work machine. The drive device drives the attachment by supplying motive power thereto. The display control system comprises a display processing unit which displays, on a display device, a first display screen (D11) containing drive information (C1-C3) relating to the drive device.

Display device and construction machine

[Problem] To provide a display device having higher operability irrespective of the operation of a safety operation member, and a construction machine including the display device.[Solution] A display device 7 of a construction machine 1 includes a control unit 11 and a display unit 13. The display unit 13 displays a display screen having the second display area 31 which is a guidance display area for providing guidance on the operation contents with respect to the display device 7. The control unit 11 functions as a display control unit 21 that controls the display unit 13 to change a display mode of the second display area 31 according to the operation state of a cutoff lever 9 which is a safety operation member of the construction machine 1.

表示装置、及びそれを備える作業機械

【課題】煩雑な操作を行うことなくエラーの内容を確認することができる表示装置、及びそれを備える作業機械を提供する。【解決手段】表示装置９は、表示部９１と、受付部９２と、制御部９３とを備える。表示部９１は、選択項目表示領域５１１を有する第１画面５１０を表示する。受付部９２は、選択項目表示領域５１１に表示されている選択項目Ｔを選択する指示を受け付ける。制御部９３は、エラーが発生していることを示す警報情報に基づいて、選択項目表示領域５１１に警報マーク画像６２０を表示させる。制御部９３は、警報マーク画像６２０を選択項目表示領域５１１に表示させると、警報マーク画像６２０を選択する指示である警報マーク選択指示を受け付ける機能を受付部９２に割り当てる。制御部９３は、受付部９２が警報マーク選択指示を受け付けると、表示部９１に、エラーの内容を示す第２画面５２０を表示させる。【選択図】図５

電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

【課題】 低温低湿環境下で繰り返し画像形成した場合の帯電スジが抑制された電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置を提供する。【解決手段】 電子写真感光体の下引き層が、結着樹脂、及び、アルミニウムがドープされている酸化スズで被覆された芯材粒子で構成されている導電性粒子を含有することを特徴とする。【選択図】 図１

電子写真感光体、その製造方法、プロセスカートリッジ、及び電子写真装置

【課題】 高温高湿環境下で繰り返し画像形成した場合の明部電位の変動が抑制された電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置、電子写真感光体の製造方法を提供する。 【解決手段】 電子写真感光体の下引き層が複合粒子を含有し、複合粒子が、芯材粒子、及び芯材粒子を被覆している酸化スズを有し、複合粒子の酸化スズが、ＣｕＫα特性Ｘ線回折におけるブラッグ角（２θ±０．２０°）の３３．９０°にピークを有し、かつ、ＣｕＫα特性Ｘ線回折におけるブラッグ角（２θ±０．２０°）＝３３．９０°におけるＸ線回折ピークの半値幅が１．４１°以下であることを特徴とする。 【選択図】 図３