Method for manufacturing a sorbent, a sorbent obtained with such method, and a method for cleaning a stream of hot gas

Method of operating an incinerator comprising a device for capturing ash entrained by flue gas

A method facilitates operation of an incinerator for solid fuel. The incinerator includes a device for separating ash from flue gas. The method includes collecting ash deposits originating from the flue gas, resulting in collected ash. To improve the flowability of the ash collected, the method further includes introducing a powdery additive material including i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the flue gas. At the location where the additive material is introduced, the flue gas has a temperature of at least 700° C. The additive is introduced with a rate R of at least 0.1 times the mass of ash in the stream of flue gas.

Method of improving material comprising a pozzolanic component

The invention relates to a method of improving a material comprising a pozzolanic component. According to the invention the material is treated with an aqueous liquid resulting in treated, calcium-depleted material and a calcium-enriched aqueous solution, which are subsequently separated. This provides a material having an increased pozzolanity and/or increased specific surface area.

INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF PAPER RESIDUE INTO A MINERAL PRODUCT

A method and apparatus for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product uses a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue. An air box below the distribution plate supplies combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. A heat exchanging section receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between flue gases and ambient air. The heat exchanging section is connected to the air box for supplying the heated ambient air to the air box for use as combustion air. A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles and is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range.

METHOD OF REDUCING CORROSION OF A HEAT EXCHANGER OF AN INCINERATOR COMPRISING SAID HEAT EXCHANGER

A method of reducing corrosion of a heat exchanger of an incinerator, said method comprising the steps of—introducing oxygen-comprising gas and a particulate fuel into a combustion chamber,—introducing an additive material comprising i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the incinerator,—recuperating heat from the flue gas using a heat exchanger. For protecting the heat exchanger, the additive material is a powdery material that is introduced into the flue gas upstream of the heat exchanger, a powder particle of said powdery additive material comprising granules, each granule comprising a mixture of clay and calcium carbonate, at least 10% by weight relative to the calcium carbonate being calcium carbonate in a form that when characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere with a rate of increase in temperature of 10 JC per minute has decomposed completely when a temperature of 875° C. has been reached. 1130100100. A method of reducing corrosion of a heat exchanger () of an incinerator () , said incinerator () comprising{'b': '110', 'a chamber () for incinerating fuel in the presence of oxygen-comprising gas,'}{'b': '130', 'a heat exchanger (), and'}{'b': 120', '110', '130, 'a flue gas channel () for passing flue gas emanating from the chamber () along the heat exchanger () for absorbing heat from the flue gas;'}the method comprising the steps of{'b': '110', 'introducing oxygen-comprising gas and a particulate fuel into the chamber () to incinerate said particulate fuel resulting in a flue gas,'}{'b': '100', 'introducing an additive material comprising i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the incinerator (),'}{'b': '130', 'recuperating heat from the flue gas using the heat exchanger ();'}{'b': '130', 'wherein the additive material is a powdery material that is introduced into the flue gas upstream of the heat exchanger (), a powder particle of said powdery additive material comprising granules, each granule comprising a mixture of ...

METHOD OF OPERATING AN INCINERATOR COMPRISING A DEVICE FOR CAPTURING ASH ENTRAINED BY FLUE GAS

A method of operating an incinerator () for solid fuel, said incinerator () comprising a device () for separating ash from flue gas, which method comprises the step of collecting ash deposits originating from the flue gas comprising ash from the incinerator () resulting in collected ash; To improve the flowability of the ash collected, the method comprises the step of introducing a powdery additive material comprising i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the flue gas comprising ash wherein the flue gas comprising ash has at the location where the additive material is introduced a temperature of at least 700° C., wherein the additive is introduced with a rate R of at least 0.1 times the mass of ash in the stream of flue gas comprising ash. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 40% by weight and more preferably at least 70% relative to the calcium carbonate is calcium carbonate in a form that when characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere with a rate of increase in temperature of 10° C. per minute has decomposed completely when a temperature of 875° C. has been reached.3. The method according to or claim 1 , wherein the additive material is introduced using a plurality of injection ports claim 1 , wherein the number of injection ports is chosen such that the amount of flue gas per injection port is at least 10.000 kg of flue gas per hour.4. The method according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel is a fuel comprising material of non-fossil biological origin.5. The method according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the additive material is introduced in the flue gas comprising ash where the flue gas comprising ash has a temperature in a range from 875° C. to 1050° C. claim 1 , and preferably in a range from 900° C. to 1000° C.6. The method according to any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the amount of additive material introduced is controlled in dependence of ...

A method of operating an incinerator comprising a device for capturing ash entrained by flue gas

A method of operating an incinerator (100) for solid fuel, said incinerator (100) comprising a device (160) for separating ash from flue gas, which method comprises the step of collecting ash deposits originating from the flue gas comprising ash from the incinerator (100) resulting in collected ash; To improve the flowability of the ash collected, the method comprises the step of introducing a powdery additive material comprising i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the flue gas comprising ash wherein the flue gas comprising ash has at the location where the additive material is introduced a temperature of at least 700°C, wherein the additive is introduced with a rate R of at least 0.1 times the mass of ash in the stream of flue gas comprising ash.

A method of preparing a puzzolanic material from paper residue and a method for the manufacture of cement from said material

The invention relates to a method for the incineration under precisely defined conditions, of kaolin-containing material such as waste paper and other residues stemming from recycling of waste paper for reuse in the paper industry, yielding a material of puzzolanic properties. To this end the incineration takes place in a fludized bed at a temperature of preferably 780 °C wherein the same or a lower temperature prevails in the freeboard. Due to its hydraulic properties the puzzolanic material is suitable for the manufacture of concrete of a high compression strength. The invention also relates to a cement containing the puzzolanic material manufactured by the method of the invention.

A method for generating electrical energy, wherein a carbonaceous fuel is gasified

A method for generating electrical energy, wherein a carbonaceous fuel is gasified to a combustible gas, the combustible gas is combusted to drive an apparatus chosen from a gas turbine and a gas engine, and relatively hot exhaust gas from 5 the apparatus is passed along a heat exchanger for removing heat from said relatively hot exhaust gas to result in relatively cold exhaust gas after passing said heat exchanger, wherein a kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent and a source of active free silica are introduced after the apparatus to remove mercury 10 from said relatively hot exhaust gas, the relatively hot exhaust gas having a temperature of at least 800?C.

Method for removing mercury from a gas stream.

Method of manufacturing a sorbent, a sorbent obtained by such method, and method of cleaning a stream of hot gas

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a sorbent suitable for removing a metal from a stream of hot gas out of a calcium and kaolin-containing raw material such as paper or other residues stemming from the production of paper and the recycling of waste paper. The raw material is thermally treated in a fluidized bed having a freeboard whereby the fluidized bed is operated at a temperature between 720 and 850 °C and the temperature of the freeboard is 850 °C or below so that the material is converted to a meta-kaolin containing substance forming the sorbent.

Installation and method for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product

Method and installation for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product,using a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue that is introduced into the fluidized bed device for conversion to said mineral product. Use is further made of a wind box below said distribution plate for supplying combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. There is further a heat exchanging section which receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between said flue gases and said ambient air for heating said ambient air, wherein the heat ex- changing section is connected to the wind box for supplying the heated ambient air to the wind box for use as combustion air.A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles above the distribution plate, which control system is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range, which process parameter is selected from the group comprising the amount of combustion air and the temperature of the combustion air in the wind box.

A method for generating electrical energy, wherein a carbonaceous fuel is gasified.

A method of operating an incinerator comprising a device for capturing ash entrained by flue gas

A method for the removal of mercury from a stream of flue gas obtained from the combustion of coal

A method for the removal of mercury from a stream of flue gas obtained from the combustion of at least one coal type having an ASTM D388 coal rank of <3, said method comprising the step of introducing a kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent into said stream of flue gas for removing mercury from said stream of flue gas and contacting the mercury with the kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent at a point where both the kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent and active free silica are present in the stream of flue gas, and the temperature of the flue gas is at least 9000C, wherein the active free silica content of the flue gas resulting from the combustion of the at least one coal type is supplemented by the introduction of added active free silica such that the weight percentage of the total amount of active free silica relative to the weight of kaolin or metakaolin of the sorbent is at least 10%, the weight of any kaolin being expressed as the weight of metakaolin.

A method of preparing a puzzolanic material from paper residue and a method for the manufacture of cement from said material

The invention relates to a method for the incineration under precisely defined conditions, of kaolin-containing material such as waste paper and other residues stemming from recycling of waste paper for reuse in the paper industry, yielding a material of puzzolanic properties. To this end the incineration takes place in a fludized bed at a temperature of preferably 780 °C wherein the same or a lower temperature prevails in the freeboard. Due to its hydraulic properties the puzzolanic material is suitable for the manufacture of concrete of a high compression strength. The invention also relates to a cement containing the puzzolanic material manufactured by the method of the invention.

A process for making pozzolanic material from kaolin-containing material and a process for making cement from said material

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PUZZOLAN MATERIAL FROM PAPER SLUDGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CEMENT FROM THIS MATERIAL

Process for making a puzzolan material from paper waste and a process for making cement

A method of making a hydraulic material which contains metakaolinite and calcium hydroxide from a kaolin-containing compound. The method is performed in a fluidized bed installation having a freeboard under conditions such that the amount of calcium oxide formed is minimized. Preferably, the method is performed at a fluidized bed temperature of 780 DEG C. and a freeboard temperature of no more than 780 DEG C. By minimizing the amount of calcium hydroxide formed, the use of an additional installation for converting calcium oxide to calcium hydroxide is avoided. The starting material is typically waste paper and other residues from recycling of waste paper for reuse in the paper industry. The product may be used to form concrete having a high compression strength.

PREPARATION PROCESS OF POZOLANIC MATERIAL FROM PAPER WASTE AND PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT FROM THE MATERIAL REFERRED TO

A method for the removal of mercury from a stream of flue gas obtained from the combustion of coal and a sorbent-mixture

A method for the removal of mercury from a stream of flue gas obtained from the combustion of at least one coal, said method comprising the step of introducing a kaolin- or metakaolin-comprising sorbent into said stream of flue gas for removing mercury from said stream of flue gas and contacting the mercury with the kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent in the presence of active free silica, wherein further to the introduction of the kaolin- or metakaolin-comprising sorbent into said stream of flue gas a source of active free silica is introduced so as to increase the active free silica content of the flue gas resulting from the combustion by the introduction of additional free silica, wherein the flue gas has a temperature of at least 900°C and preferably >1000°C at the point where the kaolin or metakaolin-comprising sorbent is introduced.

A method of combusting N-containing material

A method of combustion of N—containing material is provided. In order to control NgDreleased during incineration of N—containing material, the method comprises: — a first stage of producing activated bed particles, the first stage comprising the steps of: — providing bed particles to a fluidized bed incinerator to form a bed of bed particles, — providing the bed of bed particles with kaolin and CaCOy — thermally treating the provided kaolin and CaCO3at a fluidized bed temperature of 600—1000 °C to obtain the activated bed particles, — a second stage of combusting an N—containing material, the second stage comprising the steps of: — providing the N—containing material, — providing the activated bed particles, — combusting the N—containing material in the presence of the activated particles.

Verfahren zur herstellung eines sorptionsmittels, nach diesem verfahren erhaltenes sorptionsmittel und verfahren zur reinigung eines heissen gasstroms

Verfahren zur verbesserung eines materials mit einer puzzolanischen komponente

A method of combusting n-containing material

A method of combustion of N-containing material is provided. In order to control N2O released during incineration of N-containing material, the method comprises: - a first stage of producing activated bed particles, the first stage comprising the steps of: - providing bed particles to a fluidized bed incinerator to form a bed of bed particles, - providing the bed of bed particles with kaolin and CaCO3, - thermally treating the provided kaolin and CaCO3 at a fluidized bed temperature of 600-1000 °C to obtain the activated bed particles, - a second stage of combusting an N-containing material, the second stage comprising the steps of: - providing the N-containing material, - providing the activated bed particles, - combusting the N-containing material in the presence of the activated particles.

A method of scavenging alkali from flue gas

A method of scavenging alkali from flue gas comprises the steps of - introducing oxygen-comprising gas and a solid fuel comprising biomass into a combustion chamber to incinerate said solid fuel resulting in a flue gas comprising alkali, and - introducing an additive material comprising i) clay and ii) a calcium compound into the flue gas. To reduce the operational costs, the additive is added as a powder which comprises both meta-kaolin as the clay and calcium oxide as the calcium compound. An additive powder particle is an aggregate of micro-particles and a micro-particle of the additive powder particle is a micro-aggregate comprising both the meta-kaolin and the calcium oxide.

A method of reducing corrosion of a heat exchanger of an incinerator comprising said heat exchanger

A method of reducing corrosion of a heat exchanger of an incinerator, said method comprising the steps of - introducing oxygen- comprising gas and a particulate fuel into a combustion chamber , - introducing an additive material comprising i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the incinerator, - recuperating heat from the flue gas using a heat exchanger. For protecting the heat exchanger , the additive material is a powdery material that is introduced into the flue gas upstream of the heat exchanger , a powder particle of said powdery additive material comprising granules , each granule comprising a mixture of clay and calcium carbonate , at least 10% by weight relative to the calcium carbonate being calcium carbonate in a form that when characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere with a rate of increase in temperature of 10 °C per minute has decomposed completely when a temperature of 875°C has been reached.

Verfahren zur herstellung eines puzzolanmaterials aus papierschlamm und verfahren zur herstellung von zement aus diesem material