Multicomponent Compositions for Mercury Removal

Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant. 1. A composition comprising:a particulate support carrying an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof; wherein the inorganic base and the sulfide are individually distributed on a surface of the particulate support.2. The composition of consisting essentially of the particulate support carrying the inorganic base and the sulfide.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of a silicate claim 1 , an aluminate claim 1 , an aluminosilicate claim 1 , a carbon claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the support is a phyllosilicate selected from the group consisting of bentonite claim 5 , montmorillonite claim 5 , hectorite claim 5 , beidellite claim 5 , saponite claim 5 , nontronite claim 5 , volkonskoite claim 5 , sauconite claim 5 , stevensite claim 5 , fluorohectorite claim 5 , laponite claim 5 , rectonite claim 5 , vermiculite claim 5 , illite claim 5 , a micaceous mineral claim 5 , makatite claim 5 , kanemite claim 5 , octasilicate (illierite) claim 5 , magadiite claim 5 , kenyaite claim 5 , attapulgite claim 5 , palygorskite claim 5 , ...

High temperature sorbents for pollution control

Herein are described products and processes for the reduction of contaminants from flue gases. Product compositions can include an aluminosilicate; and a calcium compound selected from calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium halide, PRB coal fly ash, and a mixture thereof. Processes can include injecting a sorbent composition into a flue gas at a location where the flue gas has a temperature in a range of about 1700° C. to about 400° C., admixing the sorbent composition and a contaminant to form a eutectic composition; and collecting the eutectic composition at a temperature in a range of about 400° C. and about 50° C. Other product compositions can include a combination of anti-eutectic and non-eutectic materials.

Supported Sulfides for Mercury Capture

Herein are described methods and materials for capturing mercury from, for example, the gases produced by the combustion of coal. The composition for the removal of mercury from the fluid includes a polysulfide selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfide and a bromosulfide; the polysulfide supported by or carried on a surface of a silicate particulate. Disclosed methods include a process for manufacturing the bromosulfide or calcium-sulfide mercury-removal composition and a process of capturing mercury from a fluid, the process can include admixing a bromosulfide or calcium-sulfide mercury-removal composition and a fluid that includes mercury; wherein the bromosulfide mercury removal composition includes a bromosulfide supported by or carried on a surface of a silicate particulate; wherein the calcium-sulfide mercury-removal composition includes a calcium sulfide supported by or carried on a surface of a silicate particulate. 1. A composition for the removal of mercury from a fluid , the composition comprising:a polysulfide that is a calcium sulfide;supported by or carried on a surface of a silicate particulate;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the calcium sulfide is the reaction product of Ca(OH)and elemental sulfur.'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition includes a weight percentage of the silicate particulate and a weight percentage of the polysulfide; and wherein the composition includes less than 25 wt. % claim 1 , of the polysulfide.3. (canceled)4. A method for manufacturing a calcium-sulfide mercury-removal composition comprising a two-step process selected from the group consisting of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'admixing Ca(OH)with a silicate support and then admixing elemental sulfur with the Ca(OH)-silicate admixture; and'}{'sub': '2', 'admixing Ca(OH)and elemental sulfur to produce a calcium sulfide and then admixing the calcium sulfide with a silicate support.'}5. A process of capturing mercury from a fluid claim 1 , the process comprising: ...

MULTICOMPONENT COMPOSITIONS FOR MERCURY REMOVAL

Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant. 1. A composition comprising:a solid state admixture of an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof.2. The composition of consisting essentially of an admixture of the inorganic base and the sulfide.3. The composition of further comprising a support carrying the admixture.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition consists essentially of the support carrying the admixture.5. The composition of - claim 3 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of a silicate claim 3 , an aluminate claim 3 , an aluminosilicate claim 3 , a carbon claim 3 , and a mixture thereof.6. The composition of any one of - claim 3 , wherein the support is a phyllosilicate selected from the group consisting of bentonite claim 3 , montmorillonite claim 3 , hectorite claim 3 , beidellite claim 3 , saponite claim 3 , nontronite claim 3 , volkonskoite claim 3 , sauconite claim 3 , stevensite claim 3 , fluorohectorite claim 3 , laponite claim 3 , rectonite claim 3 , vermiculite claim 3 , illite claim 3 , a micaceous mineral claim 3 , makatite claim 3 , kanemite claim 3 , octasilicate (illierite) claim 3 , magadiite claim 3 , kenyaite claim 3 , ...

Carbonate Modified Compositions for Reduction of Flue Gas Resistivity

Herein is described a composition effective for reducing the particulate resistivity of hydrated lime and capturing acidic gases from flue gas. The composition can include a supported carbonate that comprises 5 wt. % to 50 wt. % of a carbonate and 50 wt. % to 95 wt. % of a support; where the carbonate is an alkali metal carbonate selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, and a mixture thereof. The composition can be prepared by admixing the carbonate and the support with sufficient water and then drying. The composition can be used alone or with hydrated lime for reducing the concentration of acid gases in flue gas. 1. A composition effective for reducing the particulate resistivity of hydrated lime and capturing acidic gases from flue gas , the composition comprising:a supported carbonate that comprises 5 wt. % to 50 wt. % of a carbonate and 50 wt. % to 95 wt. % of a support;wherein the carbonate is an alkali metal carbonate selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, and a mixture thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal carbonate is selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the supported carbonate consists essentially of a support selected from the group consisting of a silicate claim 1 , an aluminate claim 1 , an aluminosilicate claim 1 , and a mixture thereof; and an alkali metal carbonate selected from the group consisting of sodium sesquicarbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the supported carbonate comprises 25 wt. % to 35 wt. % of the alkali metal carbonate and 65 wt. % to 75 wt. % of the support.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of bentonite claim 4 , montmorillonite claim 4 , kaolinite ...

High Temperature Sorbents for Pollution Control

Herein are described products and processes for the reduction of contaminants from flue gases. A first embodiment is a sorbent composition that includes an aluminosilicate; and a calcium compound selected from calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium halide, PRB coal fly ash, and a mixture thereof. A second embodiment is a process of reducing contaminant concentrations in flue gas, which includes injecting a sorbent composition into a flue gas at a location where the flue gas has a temperature in a range of about 1700° C. to about 400° C.; admixing the sorbent composition and a contaminant to form a eutectic composition; and collecting the eutectic composition at a temperature in a range of about 400° C. and about 50° C. A third embodiment, where a combination of anti-eutectic and non-eutectic materials are combined physically in a sorbent particle that captures a multiple set of different metal types preventing the capture of one metal contaminant or nuisance metal (such as Na or K) from interfering with the capture of another metal or other metal contaminants. 1. A sorbent composition consisting essentially of:an aluminosilicate selected from the group consisting of andalusite, kyanaite, sillimanite, kaolinite, metakaolinite, mullite, and a mixture thereof; anda calcium carbonate;wherein the sorbent composition is ante-eutectic in a temperature range of about 1700° C. to about 400° C. for selenium, arsenic, phosphorous, or a transition metal selected from the group consisting of cadmium, cobalt, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, and a mixture thereof.2. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a physical admixture of the aluminosilicate and the calcium carbonate.3. The sorbent composition of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate is kaolinite.4. The sorbent composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition comprises about 5-95 wt. % of kaolinite and 5-95 wt. % of the calcium carbonate.5. The sorbent composition of claim ...

Process for decontaminating syngas

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Multicomponent compositions for mercury removal

Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant.

Process for decontaminating syngas.

En este documento se da a conocer un aparato y los métodos para descontaminar gas de síntesis generado en un gasificador de lecho fluidizado , en donde los contaminantes metálicos, entre otros, metales de álcali, halógenos, partículas, y metales de transición, y contaminantes que contienen azufre, se remueven antes del craqueo térmico catalítico de alquitrán y amoniaco. Más aún, se da a conocer un aparato y los métodos para remover amoniaco del gas de síntesis.

Systems and methods for reducing mercury emission

Described herein are methods for decreasing the amount of mercury in a flue gas that contains mercury through the use of a molecular halogen. Also described are chemical processes for carrying out the methods, and systems for carrying out the chemical processes.

Expanded, mercury-sorbent materials

Herein is disclosed products and processes related to mercury sorbent reactive agents supported on expanded inorganic supports. The products include compositions that have transition metal-sulfides (TM-sulfides) carried on internal surfaces of clay composites; TM- sulfides carried on internal surfaces of a layered clay material that include clay expansion additives; and TM-sulfides carried on exfoliated platelets. The methods of producing these compositions include admixing substrates (e.g., montmorillonite, sepiolite, halloystie, hectorite, mica, vermiculite, bentonite, nontronite, beidellite, volkonskoite, saponite, magadite, kenyaite, rectorite, attepulgite, kaolinite, calcined kaolinite, metakaolin, perlite, fly ash or mixtures thereof) copper (II) salts, sulfide salts, base, and clay expansion additive and optionally shearing the admixture; admixing interstratified clay composites, or precursors thereto, with a TM-salt and a sulfide salt; aerosolizing phyllosilicate materials to form exfoliated platelets and then coating the exfoliated platelets or other high surface area inorganic substrate with a TM-sulfide; and aerosolizing phyllosilicate materials with TM-salts and sulfide salts to form exfoliated platelets carrying a TM-sulfide.

Carbonate modified compositions for reduction of flue gas resistivity

Herein is described a composition effective for reducing the particulate resistivity of hydrated lime and capturing acidic gases from flue gas. The composition can include a supported carbonate that comprises 5 wt.% to 50 wt.% of a carbonate and 50 wt.% to 95 wt.% of a support; where the carbonate is an alkali metal carbonate selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, and a mixture thereof. The composition can be prepared by admixing the carbonate and the support with sufficient water and then drying. The composition can be used alone or with hydrated lime for reducing the concentration of acid gases in flue gas.

Activated amended silicate compositions for mercury control

Herein is disclosed a particulate composition for mercury capture having a mercury reaction rate constant that is at least about 2 times, and as great as 30 times faster than existing Amended Silicates™ products. The disclosed powder product composition comprises a substrate, a metal sulfide coating, a sodium-carbonate based surface modifier, a sulfide activation step involving addition of a sulfide-based metal-sulfide additive, and/or a metal-sulfide co-catalyst. Production of the formulation, followed by at least one milling step, creates an activated composition that demonstrates higher mercury capture rates. In most embodiments, the particle substrate has a low-swelling characteristic.

Systems and methods for reducing mercury emission.

En este documento se describen métodos para disminuir la cantidad de mercurio en un gas combustible que contiene mercurio a través del uso de un halógeno molecular. También se describen los procesos químicos para llevar a cabo los métodos y sistemas para llevar a cabo los procesos químicos.

Process for decontaminating syngas

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Systems and methods for reducing mercury emission

Described herein are methods for decreas-ing the amount of mercury in a flue gas that contains mer-cury through the use of a molecular halogen. Also de-scribed are chemical processes for carrying out the meth-ods, and systems for carrying out the chemical processes.

Flue-gas treatment aid

Herein are disclosed compositions, methods of their manufacture, and method of their use for the reduction of particulate resistivity in flue gas and/or a dust cake and/or for the removal of acidic gases from flue gas. The composition can include an alkali metal/alkali earth particulate having a formula (Li1-α-βNaαKβ)w(Mg1-δCaδ)x(OH)y(CO3)z ⋅nH2O, for example, where a ratio of x to y is about 1/50 to about 1/5. The composition can include a core-shell composition for reducing acid gas by enhancing the ability of the core-sell materials to capture acid gases, and also in the same product yield core-shell products that prevent deleterious impacts of the shell materials that may exist if injected alone. The core-shell composition can include a particulate core and a carbonate shell or, for example, a hydrated- lime/sodium carbonate mixture shell. The compositions can be prepared, for example, through a solution process, a slurry process, and/or a spray drying process that includes a slurry of the core composition and shell composition and subsequently milling the spray dried spheres. The compositions disclosed herein are used to reduce the acid gases in a flue gas by the formation of a solid conjugate base, stabilize metals in the fly ash and ash ponds, and improve the retention of fly ash within ESPs.

Process for decontaminating syngas

Disclosed herein is an apparatus and methods for decontaminating syngas generated in a flu-idized-bed gasifier wherein metal contaminants, inter alia, alkali metals, halogens, particulates, and transition metals and sulfur containing contaminants are removed prior to the catalytic thermal cracking of tar and ammonia. Further disclosed is an apparatus and methods for removing ammonia from syngas.

Amended silicates for scavenging and destroying dioxins/furans and other organics in industrial process streams and effluents

Herein is disclosed an industrial-gas flow treatment aid that includes a non-activated particulate support carrying a metal oxide coating, such as an iron oxide coating, ferric oxide microparticulates, or a coating of ferric oxide. The particulate support may be clay particles. In one embodiment, the treatment aid includes calcium oxide. In another embodiment, the treatment aid includes a plurality of non-activated particulates carrying ferric oxide and calcium ferric oxide micro-particulates or a coating thereof. Additional embodiments include the preparation of the treatment aid and the process of removing dioxins and/or furans from an industrial-gas flow with the catalytic treatment aid, for example by decomposition or destruction of the dioxins and/or furans to eliminate or substantially reduce the concentration of dioxins and/or furans in the gas flow.

Process for decontaminating syngas