Wildlife detection system for mowing or reaping machine - uses IR sensors extending across machine working width providing signal for activating scare alarm

The wild-life detection system uses an optical sensor (5) using the detectors (D1,D2,D3) supported at a given distance above the ground (WB) by the mowing or reaping machine (MF). The sensor (s) scans the working width of the machine (MF) with eradication of the contrast images, to detect wildlife, so that an acoustic and/or optical alarm signal is activated. Pref. the mowing or reaping machine can be halted by the driver, or automatically upon wildlife being detected. ADVANTAGE - Protects wildlife, e.g. young deer, before mowing or reaping cultivated area.

Method and apparatus for measuring and determining a rotation angle of a rotating object

Determining a path difference in a michelson interforemeter

Determining a path difference in a Michelson interferometer comprising a mirror element 14 reciprocatable by means of a drive, 2, and an analog to digital converter, which is provided for the determination of an electromagnetic spectrum without a laser having to be permanently used for that purpose. On the contrary, magnetic, optical or optomagnetical storage media 5 are arranged parallelly to the travel path of the mirror element of the interferometer. A clock track is written on the storage medium in accordance with the sample theorem such a track being produced for example from the interferogram of a laser radiated into a interferometer 1. In operation a pulse sequence derived from the clock track is read by means of a read head mounted on the movable mirror element and the desired clock pulse and thus the path information is derived therefrom. ...

Interferometer nach Michelson zur Erzeugung optischer Wegunterschiede.

Calibration of FTIR spectrometer with four black bodies

A spectrometer 6, e.g. an FTIR radiometer, is calibrated for the effects of path absorption, detector response, and internal radiance, by exposing the instrument to four black bodies 11 to 14 held at different temperatures. Direct temperature measurement of the sources is obviated and the calibration can be checked by comparing data derived from the four sets of three received spectra. The sources 11 to 14 are horizontal to prevent convection temperature gradients, and their output is directed to the instrument by angled mirror 5 above rotating support 21. ...

Method and apparatus for determining a path difference in a Michelson interferometer

Method and apparatus for calibrating spectral radiometers

MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL PATH DIFFERENCES

In a Michelson interferometer for producing optical path differences, from a beam divider, a deflection mirror, an externally silvered corner mirror, a collective lens and a radiation detector an input/output module is formed, from two rotating retroreflectors and two stationary retroreflectors an intermediate module is formed, and from two further rotating retroreflectors and from a bilaterally silvered plane-parallel plate a termination module is formed. The three modules can be combined to an interferometer in such a manner that the plane mirrors of the corner mirror of the input/output module are each arranged opposite a respective input-side half of the two rotating retroreflectors of the intermediate module and between said reflectors which in turn are arranged directly next to and adjacent the two further rotating retroreflectors of the termination module in such a manner that the output-side aperture halves of the two stationary retroreflectors are aligned opposite the input-side ...

Method and apparatus for measuring and determining a rotation angle of a rotating object

In a method of measuring and determining a rotation angle of a rotating object, a clock track corresponding to a desired angular resolution is applied on a magnetic, optical or optomagnetic storage medium. The storage medium is then rotated synchronously with the rotating object, and during the operation a pulse sequence corresponding to the clock track is read from said storage medium. The read pulse sequence is supplied for further processing to following electronics in which the actual rotation angle is firstly stored in a FIFO memory and secondly directly available for further uses. Apparatus for measuring and determining a path difference in Michelson interferometers in which path differences are generated via a rotary movement, e.g. of a rotating retroreflector, is described. During operation the pulse sequence is read and supplied to following signal electronics in which from the pulse sequence the desired clock pulse and thus the path information is obtained. Consequently, with ...

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kalibrierung von Spektralradiometern

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kalibrierung von Spektralradiometern

MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER TO GENERATE OPTICAL PATH DIFFERENCE

PURPOSE: To provide a Michelson interferometer which is inexpensive and by which an optical path difference is increased and spectral resolution can be improved and which can be set and adjusted by slight labor. CONSTITUTION: In this interferometer, an input/output module is formed of a beam splitter 1, a deflecting mirror 2, a corner mirror 3, a condenser lens 5 and a radiation detector 6, and an intermediate module is formed of two rotary inverse reflectors 71 and 72 and two fixed inverse reflectors 81 and 82, and the final module is formed of another two rotary inverse reflectors 73 and 74 and a plane parallel plate 4 where silver plating is performed on both sides. Respective plane mirrors 31 and 32 of the corner mirror of the input/output module are respectively arranged so as to be opposed to respective input side halves of the two rotary inverse reflectors 71 and 72 of the intermidiate module, and these rotary inverse reflectors are adjacently arranged close to another two rotary ...

VERFAHREN UND EINRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG UND BESTIMMUNG EINES DREHWINKELS EINES ROTIERENDEN OBJEKTS

Verfahren zum Betrieb und zur Wellenzahlkalibrierung eines Interferometers nach Michelson

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CALIBRATING SPECTRUM RADIOMETER

PURPOSE: To avoid a temp. gradient by a convection to measure temp. without generating an error the calibrate the same by a correct signal by using the measuring spectra of four black body radiators held to respective different temps. arranged on ground surface. CONSTITUTION: For black radiators 11-14 constituting the calibration device of a spectrometer 6 are attached to a cross-shaped holder 21 having equal legs at an equal angle interval along an imaginary circular peripheral line to be arranged on ground surface in parallel so as to emit radiation upwardly and the distances of the radiators from the spectrometer 16 are made equal to be held to different constant temps. Next, the holder 21 is rotated to successively position the radiators 11-14 under the planar polarizing mirror 5 supported on a support plate 41 at an angle of 45° to the surfaces of the radiators 11-14 and the radiation beams 8 from the radiators 11-14 are polarized to be taken in the aperture 7 to the spectrometer 6 ...

Optical path difference interferometer of Michelson tyre - contains rotating retroreflectors, beam divider, plane mirrors, adjustable to minimise one path length whilst other is maximal

The Michelson interferometer for producing optical path differences contains two rotating retroreflectors (RF1, RF2), a beam divider (ST), and two fixed plane mirrors (PS1, PS2). The retroreflectors are arranged mirror symetrically w.r.t. their plane of symmetry (SE), with facing aperture sides and with a common rotation axis (DA) inclined to the normal to the mirrors. The mirrors are inclined w.r.t. each other with the beam divider offset w.r.t. and partially between them. Adjustments are made to achieve a rotation position for which one beam path is minimal and the other maximal. USE/ADVANTAGE - High spectral resolution is achieved at low cost.

VERFAHREN UND EINRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG UND BESTIMMUNG EINER WEGDIFFERENZ IN INTERFEROMETERN NACH MICHELSON

Triggering digitisation of interferograms for Michelson interferometers - involves triggering digitiser with pulses satisfying sampling theorem, seeking spectral lines of known wave number for wave number calibration

The method is used for triggering the digitisation of interferograms. It involves triggering an analogue-to-digital converter (2) connected after the interferometer detector (10) with pulses of frequency selected to satisfy the sampling theorem. The start of movement of a mirror (16) and hence of the measurement process is detected whereby equidistant signal scanning is ensured by a constant mirror motion and trigger frequency. The step width for a Fourier transformation is set to one and spectral lines or bands of accurately known wave number sought in the spectrum. A stretching factor is determined from the wave numbers for wave number calibration and used to multiply computed abscissa values. USE/ADVANTAGE - For use with Michelson interferometers. The triggering is achieved very reliably and at low cost without direct distance measurement.

Einrichtung zur Messung einer translatorischen Wegänderung

Method for determining the time constants of transducers and device for carrying out the method

Method and device for detecting wild animals

The invention relates to a method for detecting wild animals cowering in meadows and the like before an approaching reaping vehicle and to devices for carrying out this method. For this purpose, the meadow (W) and the meadow ground (WB) are scanned infrared-optically at a sufficient distance from a reaping vehicle (MF) and over the width of the reaping unit of the latter by means of an infrared-optical sensor arrangement (S) mounted on the reaping vehicle (MF). As a result of the contrast of the infrared radiation between the warm body of the wild animal and the colder meadow (W) or the colder meadow ground (WB), the presence of a wild animal is detected by means of the sensor arrangement (S) and in such a case an acoustic and/or optical alarm is triggered. As a result, the attention of the driver of the reaping vehicle is drawn to the detected wild animal, so that he can stop the vehicle or the reaping vehicle (MF) is stopped automatically, and he can move the endangered wild animal, for example a fawn, out of range of danger, preferably in a bunch of grass. <IMAGE>

Method and apparatus for calibrating spectral radiometers

A method and an apparatus are provided for calibrating a spectrometer, in particular a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), in particular for the infrared spectral range. At least four black body radiators of different temperatures are provided, which are arranged horizontally, i.e. parallel to the surface of the earth, thereby avoiding temperature gradients due to convection. The temperature of the at least four radiators is determined by means of the calibrating method without a separate measurement. In the method according to the invention, at the same time the absorption of the atmosphere is considered as a characteristic of the spectrometer, thereby eliminating separate measurement and correction thereof. In addition, for Fourier transform spectrometers the calibration is carried out by means of complex spectra.