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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 15748. Отображено 100.

05-01-2012 дата публикации

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

Номер: US20120000116A1

Автор: Pedro Brito Correia

Принадлежит: Individual

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

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Номер записи: 1

12-01-2012 дата публикации

Solvent-enhanced biomass liquefaction

Номер: US20120005949A1

Автор: Alex Coulthard, Daniel EUHUS, Doug Naae, James Stevens, Jason Hicks, Kerry Spilker, Michelle Young, Paul Spindler, Subhasis Bhattacharya

Принадлежит: Catchlight Energy LLC

The present invention provides an improved method for solvent liquefaction of biomass to produce liquid products such as transportation fuel. The method uses a novel solvent combination that promotes liquefaction relatively quickly, and it reduces the need to transport large amounts of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrying solvents. It operates at lower pressure than previous methods, does not require a catalyst or hydrogen gas or CO input, and provides very high conversion of biomass into a bio-oil that can be further processed in a petroleum refinery. It also beneficially provides a way to recycle a portion of the crude liquefaction product for use as part of the solvent combination for the biomass liquefaction reaction.

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Номер записи: 2

12-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Esters

Номер: US20120009636A1

Автор: Christian Perry Ridley, Dan Eric Robertson, David Arthur Berry, Frank Anthony Skraly, Martha Sholl, Noubar Boghos Afeyan, Regina Wilpiszeski

Принадлежит: Joule Unlimited Technologies Inc

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into compounds such as esters and fatty acids. In certain embodiments, the compounds produced are secreted into the medium used to culture the organisms.

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Номер записи: 3

26-01-2012 дата публикации

Processes for producing low acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oils

Номер: US20120017494A1

Автор: Thomas Traynor, Timothy A. Brandvold

Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Processes for producing a low acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided that include pre-treating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil to form a treated acid-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The processes also include esterifying the treated acid-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil in the presence of supercritical alcohol and a catalyst composition to form the low-acid biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, the catalyst composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an unsupported solid acid catalyst, an unsupported solid base catalyst, and a catalytic metal dispersed on a metal oxide support.

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Номер записи: 4

26-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oils

Номер: US20120017495A1

Автор: Jennifer F. ABRAHAMIAN, Thomas Traynor, Timothy A. Brandvold

Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods for deoxygenating treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is exposed to a catalyst having a neutral catalyst support such as a non-alumina metal oxide support, a theta alumina support, or both. The non-alumina metal oxide support may be a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) support, a silicon oxide support, a zirconia oxide (ZrO 2 ) support, a niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) support, or a support having a mixture of non-alumina metal oxides. The catalyst may include a noble metal or a Group VIII non-noble metal and a Group VIB non-noble metal on the neutral catalyst support. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced into a hydroprocessing reactor in the presence of the catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions to produce low oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil.

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Номер записи: 5

09-02-2012 дата публикации

Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels

Номер: US20120030996A1

Автор: Gerald Grusendorf, Heiko Weiner, Lincoln Sarager, R. Jay Warner, Radmila Jevtic, Trinity Horton, Victor J. Johnston

Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

An ethanol/fuel blend composition. The ethanol/fuel blend composition includes an ethanol composition including at least 92 wt. % ethanol, and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol and a fuel.

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Номер записи: 6

16-02-2012 дата публикации

Integrated process for producing alcohols from a mixed acid feed

Номер: US20120036769A1

Автор: David Lee, G. Paull Torrence, Heiko Weiner, James Zink, Lincoln Sarager, Mark Scates, R. Jay Warner, Radmila Jevtic, Ronald David Shaver, Trinity Horton, Victor JOHNSTON

Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

Processes for producing alcohols such as ethanol and propanol from a mixed acid feedstock in an integrated process. In one embodiment, the process comprises the step of carbonylating methanol in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst to form a mixed acid feedstock comprising acetic acid and one or more higher acids, preferably comprising propionic acid. The mixed acid feed is hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a crude alcohol product comprising ethanol and one or more higher alcohols, preferably including propanol.

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Номер записи: 7

16-02-2012 дата публикации

Multi-functional catalyst composition for the conversion of biomass

Номер: US20120037486A1

Автор: Paul O'Connor, Sjoerd Daamen, Steve Yanlk

Принадлежит: Kior Inc

A process is disclosed for the conversion of cellulosic biomass, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass. The process comprises heating the biomass to a conversion temperature in the range of from 200 to 500° C. in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system comprises a basic functionality comprising an alkali metal component and a multivalent metal component. The catalyst system optionally further comprises an acidic component.

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Номер записи: 8

16-02-2012 дата публикации

continuous process for isolation of oils from algae or micro organisms

Номер: US20120040443A1

Автор: Claes Wase, Rolf Ridderstrale

Принадлежит: ALFA LAVAL CORPORATE AB

The present invention relates to a continuous process for isolation of oils from a micro organism slurry or an algae slurry comprising feeding the slurry into a three phase centrifugal separator having a stack of separating discs and operating under force of at least 4500 G, preferably under a force of at least 5000 G, obtaining three phases: one oil phase, one liquid phase and one bio-organic phase. The present invention relates also to use of the process for production of bio-diesel or bio-fuels.

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Номер записи: 9

01-03-2012 дата публикации

Biomass Pretreatment for Fast Pyrolysis to Liquids

Номер: US20120047794A1

Автор: Dennis Stamires, Michael Brady, Robert Bartek

Принадлежит: Kior Inc

Aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and compositions for preparing a solid biomass for fast pyrolysis. The method includes contacting the solid biomass with an inorganic material present in an effective amount for increasing fast pyrolysis yield of an organic liquid product (e.g., bio-oil). In various embodiments, the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

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Номер записи: 10

01-03-2012 дата публикации

Dimethyl ether fuel compositions and uses thereof

Номер: US20120047796A1

Автор: David Aldous, Ronald C. Stites

Принадлежит: Range Fuels Inc

The present invention provides useful fuel compositions which may be produced substantially from renewable resources, such as biomass, to provide green fuel compositions, methods, and systems. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger alcohol, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger hydrocarbons, such as propane, propylene, propyne, and propadiene, n-butane, isobutane, isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, or 1,3-butadiene. Methods of making these novel DME-based fuel compositions, particularly from biomass-derived syngas, are described. Various applications and methods of using the fuel compositions, such as portable cylinder fuels for camping, are disclosed. Additionally, principles of burner design for these fuel compositions are disclosed herein.

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Номер записи: 11

01-03-2012 дата публикации

Bio-oil recovery systems

Номер: US20120051980A1

Автор: Charles C. Gallop, Kurt A. Dieker, Theron Cooper

Принадлежит: ICM Inc USA

An emulsion-breaking additive is combined with an emulsion concentrate to yield a reaction product and the emulsion concentrate is produced in a process stream and contains entrapped bio-oil. Subsequent phase separating can be accomplished with gravity separation and/or mechanical processing. The emulsion-breaking additive can be native to the process stream. Related systems and methods are also provided.

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Номер записи: 12

05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method of producing biodiesel from a wet biomass

Номер: US20120079760A1

Автор: Phillip E. Savage, Robert Levine, Tanawan Pinnarat

Принадлежит: University of Michigan

A method of producing a biodiesel from a wet biomass is provided. The method includes providing the wet biomass that includes water and biomass solids. The method also includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 480 minutes to form an aqueous solution and a solid agglomerate containing a hydrolyzed lipid component. The method also includes step of transesterifying the hydrolyzed lipid component to form biodiesel.

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Номер записи: 13

05-04-2012 дата публикации

Method for the synthesis of 5-alkoxymethyl furfural ethers and their use

Номер: US20120083610A1

Автор: F. Dautzenberg, Gerardus Johannes Maria Gruter

Принадлежит: Furanix Technologies BV

Method for the manufacture of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

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Номер записи: 14

19-04-2012 дата публикации

Production of Biodiesel Fuels Which Are Low in Glycerin and Sulfur

Номер: US20120093698A1

Автор: William Douglas Morgan

Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of carboxylic acid esters and/or biodiesel fuel from feedstocks containing fatty acids, glycerated fatty acids, and glycerin by reactive distillation. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the production of biodiesel fuels having low glycerin, water, and sulfur content on an industrial scale.

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Номер записи: 15

03-05-2012 дата публикации

Lubricant additives

Номер: US20120108480A1

Автор: Paul Bloom

Принадлежит: Archer Daniels Midland Co

Processes are described for producing liquid, biobased lubricant additives containing from 50 to 100% biobased carbon according to ASTM D6866 from heat-bodied oils by transesterification with biobased or petroleum based alcohols and by hydrotreatment of at least the resulting diesters, triesters and polyesters.

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Номер записи: 16

03-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

Номер: US20120108869A1

Автор: Paul F. Bryan, Stephen J. Miller

Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A method comprising the steps of providing a quantity of biologically-derived oil comprising triglycerides; processing the biologically derived oil so as to transesterify at least some of the triglycerides contained therein to yield a quantity of saturated monoesters and unsaturated monoesters; oligomerizing at least some of the unsaturated monoesters to yield a quantity of fatty acid ester oligomers; separating at least some of the saturated monoesters from the fatty acid ester oligomers; and hydrotreating at least some of the fatty acid ester oligomers to yield a quantity of alkanes.

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Номер записи: 17

03-05-2012 дата публикации

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

Номер: US20120108871A1

Автор: Stephen J. Miller

Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A method comprising providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C 18 -C 22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C 18 -C 22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing the mixture to yield a quantity of C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C 36+ fatty acid oligomers; hydrotreating at least some of the C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and at least some of the C 36+ fatty acid oligomers to yield a quantity of diesel fuel blendstock and C 36+ alkanes; and separating at least some of the diesel fuel blendstock from the C 36+ alkanes.

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Номер записи: 18

17-05-2012 дата публикации

Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel

Номер: US20120117815A1

Автор: James Braig R., Mark Wechsler

Принадлежит: RENEWABLE FUEL TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to control the conversion of carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a process having a control system that enables the system to produce a fuel of uniform quality, even with a change in biomass supply.

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Номер записи: 19

31-05-2012 дата публикации

High cetane renewable fuels

Номер: US20120132183A1

Автор: Edward T. CASEY, Gary Clyde GUNTER, Matthew J. TRUITT, Thomasin C. Miller

Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

A method for reducing the emissions of a diesel engine using a RHE-diesel fuel.

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Номер записи: 20

31-05-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents

Номер: US20120136185A1

Автор: David Bressler

Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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Номер записи: 21

21-06-2012 дата публикации

Method of making a catalyst

Номер: US20120157299A1

Автор: Krishniah Parimi, Thien Duyen Thi Nguyen

Принадлежит: ENERGIA TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

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Номер записи: 22

21-06-2012 дата публикации

Methods of deoxygenation and systems for fuel production

Номер: US20120157727A1

Автор: Krishniah Parimi, Thien Duyen Thi Nguyen

Принадлежит: ENERGIA TECHNOLOGIES Inc

Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

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Номер записи: 23

28-06-2012 дата публикации

Renewable chemicals and fuels from oleaginous yeast

Номер: US20120164701A1

Автор: Anna Coragliotti, Anthony G. Day, Chung-Soon Im, Donald E. Trimbur, Harrison F. Dillon, Scott Franklin

Принадлежит: Solazyme Inc

The invention provides methods of cultivating oil-bearing microbes using xylose alone or in combination with other depolymerized cellulosic material. Also provided are microorganisms comprising an exogenous gene encoding a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, such as a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, or a driselase. Some methods of microbial fermentation are provided that comprise the use of xylose and depolymerized cellulosic materials for the production of oil-bearing microorgansims.

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Номер записи: 24

02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing woody biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable woody biomass particles and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197049A1

Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews

Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Wood Phytoleum from woody Pinaceae and Myrtaceae biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition of matter through the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle and a phased multi-wash solvent system of extraction and refinement. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle by shearing and chipping, the application of a phased multi-wash solvent system to the solvent permeable particle utilizing a non-polar solvent together with a bridge solvent soluble in both the non-polar solvent and in water, the application of a final bridge solvent wash to the solvent permeable particle, a mechanism for washing the particles of the woody biomass within the multi-wash solvent system, a mechanism for the collection of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution from the multi-wash solvent system, the extraction of the solvent from the solvent saturated particles of the woody biomass and the discharge for continued use of the woody biomass, and a process and mechanism for the extraction, collection and refinement of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution to discharge the solvents for reuse and to collect the Wood Phytoleum liquid oil including Pinene A and Pinene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 25

02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting mainly oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable batting mat and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197052A1

Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews

Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Phytoleum from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of a batting mat and multi-phase solvent extraction. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of manufacturing a fibrous batting mat from the raw biomass, crushing the biomass, shearing the biomass with a rotating knives blade array, compressing the biomass by passing the biomass through press rollers, amalgonating the biomass into a Batting Mat, subjecting the Batting Mat to a phased multi-wash solvent system, extracting the solvents and oils liquid solution for recovery, subjecting the liquid solution to a centrifugation system to extract the Phytoleum hydrocarbon oil from the other components, and refining the final product to yield Phytoleum which is a composition of matter including Tirucallene A and Tirucallene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 26

09-08-2012 дата публикации

Method and systems for making distillate fuels from biomass

Номер: US20120198760A1

Автор: Brice Dally, Paul Blommel, Randy CORTRIGHT, Warren Lyman

Принадлежит: Brice Dally, Paul Blommel, Randy CORTRIGHT, Warren Lyman

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C 8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

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Номер записи: 27

09-08-2012 дата публикации

Methods and products using grass of the genus triodia

Номер: US20120201913A1

Автор: Michael Archer

Принадлежит: Individual

According to this invention, plants of the genus Triodia are harvested for use as a renewable energy source or as a means of carbon sequestration. Triodia is a hummock-forming grass endemic to Australia, commonly known as spinifex. It is an abundant perennial plant which grows in semi-arid and arid regions. The novel use of Triodia as a biofuel feedstock has many advantages over the prior art. Being perennial, there is no need to plant and fertilise crops. The plants can be continuously harvested without damaging the soil. Triodia grows well with even small amounts of natural rainfall.

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Номер записи: 28

16-08-2012 дата публикации

Renewable heating oil

Номер: US20120204479A1

Автор: Maria Magdalena Ramirez CORREDORES, Vicente Sanchez

Принадлежит: Kior Inc

More stable and valuable bio-oil produced from biomasses are provided. More specifically, more stable and valuable bio-oil useful as heating oil is provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil having sufficient heating value and stability to be useful as heating oil without the need to hydrotreat the bio-oil or use a similar deoxygenating process.

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Номер записи: 29

30-08-2012 дата публикации

Method for producing aviation fuel oil base and aviation fuel oil composition

Номер: US20120216449A1

Автор: Akira Koyama, Hideki Ono, Hideshi Iki, Kazuaki Hayasaka

Принадлежит: JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp

A method for producing an aviation fuel oil base includes obtaining a first generated oil by hydrotreating a feedstock by bringing a feedstock which includes an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound derived from an animal or vegetable oils and fat into contact with a first dual functional catalyst which has dehydrogenation and hydrogenation functions and which includes a metal of group 6A of the periodic table, a metal of group 8, and an amorphous solid acidic substance, in the presence of hydrogen; and obtaining a second generated oil including an aviation fuel oil base by hydroisomerizing the first generated oil by bringing the first generated oil into contact with a second dual functional catalyst which has dehydrogenation and hydrogenation functions and which includes a metal of the group 8 of the periodic table and a crystalline solid acidic substance, in the presence of hydrogen.

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Номер записи: 30

20-09-2012 дата публикации

Fuel composition for a diesel engine

Номер: US20120233911A1

Автор: ]ouko NIKKONEN, Juha Jakkula, Outi Piirainen, Pekka Aalto, Seppo Mikkonen, Ulla Kiiski, Vesa Niemi

Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

The invention is directed to a fuel composition for diesel engines. The fuel composition comprises 0.1-99% by weight of a component or a mixture of components produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish. The fuel composition comprises 0-20% of components containing oxygen. Both components are mixed with diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.

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Номер записи: 31

04-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuels hydrocracking with dewaxing of fuel products

Номер: US20120248008A1

Автор: Michel Daage, Richard Dougherty, Stephen J. Mccarthy, Stuart S. Shih, William J. Novak

Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

This invention relates to a process involving hydrocracking and dewaxing of a feedstream in which a converted fraction can correspond to a majority of the product from the reaction system, while an unconverted fraction can exhibit improved properties. In this hydrocracking process, it can be advantageous for the yield of unconverted fraction for gasoline fuel application to be controlled to maintain desirable cold flow properties for the unconverted fraction. Catalysts and conditions can be chosen to assist in attaining, or to optimize, desirable product yields and/or properties.

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Номер записи: 32

18-10-2012 дата публикации

Fuel composition

Номер: US20120260877A1

Автор: Richard J. Peyla, William J. Cannella

Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

A fuel composition having a boiling range of between 95 to 440 degrees Fahrenheit containing (a) a saturates content below 55 vol %; (b) a RON of from about 88 to about 91; (c) an olefins content of from about 0 to about 5 vol %; (d) an aromatics content of from about 32 to about 40 vol %; (e) an ethanol content of from about 8 to about 16 vol %; (f) an octane sensitivity of from about 8 to about 11; and the fuel composition is used in an HCCI engine.

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Номер записи: 33

25-10-2012 дата публикации

Enzyme interesterification process

Номер: US20120270283A1

Автор: Jeroen Maes, Marc Kellens, Vaida Petrauskaite, Veronique Gibon

Принадлежит: Desmet Ballestra Engineering NV SA

A fatty material enzyme interesterification process comprising the steps of: a) providing a fatty material that has optionally undergone at least one prior purification treatment; b) introducing soap into said fatty material to form a soap-containing fatty material mixture, c) homogenising said soap-containing fatty material mixture by mixing, d) contacting said soap-containing fatty material mixture with lipase to produce a soap-containing interesterified fatty material, e) removing soaps from said soap-containing interesterified fatty material to yield interesterified fatty material, wherein said soap is either formed in-situ by addition of aqueous alkali to said fatty material or said soap is introduced directly into said fatty material.

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Номер записи: 34

01-11-2012 дата публикации

Biological Oils and Production and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20120272566A1

Автор: David Christian Martin, James Casey Lippmeier, Jon Milton Hansen, Joseph W. Pfeifer, III, Kirk E. Apt, Paul Warren Behrens, William Robert Barclay

Принадлежит: DSM IP ASSETS BV

The present invention provides biological oils and methods and uses thereof. The biological oils are preferably produced by heterotrophic fermentation of one or more microorganisms using cellulose-containing feedstock as a main source of carbon. The present invention also provides methods of producing lipid-based biofuels and food, nutritional, and pharmaceutical products using the biological oils.

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Номер записи: 35

01-11-2012 дата публикации

Process to Recover Alcohol with Reduced Water From Overhead of Acid Column

Номер: US20120277497A1

Автор: Adam OROSCO, Claudio Ribeiro, David Lee, Emily Duff, R. Jay Warner, Robert Alan Deck, Victor J. Johnston

Принадлежит: Celanese International Corp

A process for recovering ethanol obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The crude ethanol product is separated in a column to produce a distillate stream comprising acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate and a residue stream comprising ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and water. The ethanol product is recovered from the residue stream.

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Номер записи: 36

08-11-2012 дата публикации

Continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel

Номер: US20120279111A1

Автор: Alfredo Carlos BLASCO GARCÍA

Принадлежит: BIOCOMBUSTIBLES Y ENERGIAS ALTERNATIVAS ALS SA

A continuous process for producing biodiesel fuel with a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight in the transesterification step, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a triglyceride source at a triglyceride concentration above 99.0% by weight; b) subjecting triglycerides to a transesterification reaction with methanol, ethanol, or the mixtures thereof, at a molar ratio of triglycerides:alcohol 1:3-3.5, in the presence of 0.7 to 1.0% by weight of sodium or potassium hydroxide as catalyst, under ultrasonic cavitation conditions in an ultrasonic cavitation reactor with 2 to 8 serial cavitation cells, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C., at a pressure of 1.5 to 2 MPa (15-20 atm) and during a period of time of 15 to 30 seconds; c) recovering the product of step b) and subjecting it to mechanical agitation operation, at a temperature of 45 to 60° C. for a maximum of 10 minutes, up to the completion of the transesterification reaction, thus obtaining a conversion of triglycerides in biodiesel above 99.90% by weight; d) decanting and/or centrifuging the product resulting from step c) to remove glycerin; e) purifying biodiesel obtained in step d) by exchange resins; and f) removing by distillation methanol and water from the product of step e) and recovering the biodiesel fuel thus obtained.

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Номер записи: 37

08-11-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus and Method for Converting Biomass to Feedstock for Biofuel and Biochemical Manufacturing Processes

Номер: US20120280175A1

Автор: Elizabeth M. Woods, John KANIA, Ming Qiao, Paul MYREN, Randy D. Cortright

Принадлежит: Virent Inc

Improved systems and methods for producing feedstock for biofuel and biochemical manufacturing processes are disclosed. Some systems and methods use components that are capable of transferring relatively high concentrations of solid biomass. Some systems and methods recycle a deconstruction catalyst.

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Номер записи: 38

08-11-2012 дата публикации

Plants and seeds of spring canola variety scv372145

Номер: US20120284811A1

Автор: Teresa Huskowska

Принадлежит: MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY LLC

In an embodiment, the invention relates to the seeds, plants, and plant parts of canola line SCV372145 and to methods for producing a canola plant produced by crossing canola line SCV372145 with itself or with another canola line. The invention also relates to methods for producing a canola plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic canola plants and plant parts produced by those methods. This invention also relates to canola lines or breeding lines and plant parts derived from canola line SCV372145, to methods for producing other canola lines, lines or plant parts derived from canola line SCV372145 and to the canola plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid canola seeds, plants and plant parts produced by crossing the line SCV372145 with another canola line.

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Номер записи: 39

22-11-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus for hydroprocessing hydrocarbons

Номер: US20120294772A1

Автор: Andrew P. Wieber

Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An apparatus and process is disclosed for hydroprocessing hydrocarbon feed in a hydroprocessing unit and hydrotreating a second hydrocarbon. The hydrotreating effluent is mixed with hydroprocessing effluent and together fractionated.

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Номер записи: 40

22-11-2012 дата публикации

Method

Номер: US20120297507A1

Автор: Franck Michoux, James Gerard Mccarthy, Peter Nixon

Принадлежит: IMPERIAL INNOVATIONS LTD

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. A method of producing a polypeptide in plant cells in vitro comprising: providing undifferentiated plant cells containing chloroplasts that carry a transgenic nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, wherein the plant cells display homoplastomy; and propagating the cells according to the above method to produce leafy biomass containing the polypeptide.

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Номер записи: 41

13-12-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents substantially free of fatty acids

Номер: US20120316370A1

Автор: David Bressler

Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid re-extraction sources. In general, the pyrolysis products of fatty acids are extracted in order to remove residual fatty acids and produce very pure hydrocarbon compositions composed of alkanes and alkenes. The fatty acids removed from the extraction step can be further pyrolyzed to produce additional hydrocarbons or, in the alternative, the fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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Номер записи: 42

03-01-2013 дата публикации

Catalytic dechlorination processes to upgrade feedstock containing chloride as fuels

Номер: US20130001133A1

Автор: Bi-Zeng Zhan, Hye-Kyung Timken, Michael Driver

Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

Processes for the catalytic dechlorination of one or more hydrocarbon products involve contacting a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon product(s) and a carrier gas with a dechlorination catalyst under catalytic dechlorination conditions to provide a dechlorinated hydrocarbon product, HCl, and the carrier gas. The dechlorinated hydrocarbon product may be separated from the HCl and the carrier gas to provide liquid fuel or lubricating base oil.

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Номер записи: 43

10-01-2013 дата публикации

Deoxygenation of fatty acids for preparation of hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130008080A1

Автор: Heather M. Brown, James F. White, Karl O. Albrecht, Richard T. Hallen

Принадлежит: Battelle Memorial Institute Inc

Embodiments of methods for making renewable diesel by deoxygenating (decarboxylating/decarbonylating/dehydrating) fatty acids to produce hydrocarbons are disclosed. Fatty acids are exposed to a catalyst selected from a) Pt and MO 3 on ZrO 2 (M is W, Mo, or a combination thereof), or b) Pt/Ge or Pt/Sn on carbon, and the catalyst decarboxylates at least 10% of the fatty acids. In particular embodiments, the catalyst consists essentially of 0.7 wt % Pt and 12 wt % WO 3 , relative to a mass of catalyst, or the catalyst consists essentially of a) 5 wt % Pt and b) 0.5 wt % Ge or 0.5 wt % Sn, relative to a mass of catalyst. Deoxygenation is performed without added hydrogen and at less than 100 psi. Disclosed embodiments of the catalysts deoxygenate at least 10% of fatty acids in a fatty acid feed, and remain capable of deoxygenating fatty acids for at least 200 minutes to more than 350 hours.

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Номер записи: 44

24-01-2013 дата публикации

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers and slurry transportation

Номер: US20130019519A1

Автор: Geradette Giardino, Mark C. Radosevich, Rex R. Stevens, Robert M. Jimeson

Принадлежит: Standard Alcohol Co of America Inc

Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in petroleum-based hydrocarbon liquid fuels, synthetic or bio-derived gasoline, diesel fuels, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke, heavy crude oil, bitumen, or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohol formulations can be blended with ground petroleum coke, coal, heavy crude oil, or bitumen to form a thixotropic slurry for ease of transportation. The mixed alcohol formulations can also be used to shurry transport ground biomass. The mixed alcohol formulations can contain a blend of C 1 -C 5 alcohols, or C 1 -C 8 alcohols or higher C 1 -C 10 alcohols in order to further boost energy content.

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Номер записи: 45

14-02-2013 дата публикации

Production of chemicals and fuels from biomass

Номер: US20130036660A1

Автор: Elizabeth Woods, John KANIA, Ming Qiao, Paul MYREN, Randy D. Cortright

Принадлежит: Virent Inc

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to fuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the water insoluble components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates, such as alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. In certain applications, the volatile C 2+ O 1-2 oxygenates can be collected and used as a final chemical product, or used in downstream processes to produce liquid fuels, chemicals and other products.

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Номер записи: 46

14-02-2013 дата публикации

Fuel compositions and fuel thickeners, including monoglycerides

Номер: US20130040249A1

Автор: Daniel Perlman

Принадлежит: Perlman Consulting LLC

Various aspects of the present invention generally relate to the field of rheologically modified fuels, including hydrocarbon, hydrophobic, and/or liquid fuels such as alkane-based odorless mineral spirits, paraffin oil and biofuels such as mono-alkyl esters of medium to long chain (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty acids, that have been thickened or gelled, e.g., by precipitation of fatty acid monoglycerides such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. A thickened fire lighting fuel composition is described in some embodiments which includes a hydrocarbon- or alkyl ester-based hydrophobic liquid fuel, and an effective amount of at least one saturated fatty acid monoglyceride. The monoglyceride may be thermo-precipitated in certain instances in the fuel composition causing a substantial increase in the viscosity of the fuel composition.

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Номер записи: 47

14-02-2013 дата публикации

Production of fatty alcohols with fatty alcohol forming acyl-coa reductases (far)

Номер: US20130040352A1

Автор: Behnaz Behrouzian, Douglas Hattendorf, Fernando Valle, Louis Clark, Robert McDaniel

Принадлежит: Codexis Inc

The disclosure relates to methods of producing fatty alcohols from recombinant host cells comprising genes encoding heterologous fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) enzymes. The disclosure further relates to FAR enzymes and functional fragments thereof derived from marine bacterium and particularly marine gamma proteobacterium such as Marinobacter and Oceanobacter ; polynucleotides encoding the FAR enzymes and vectors and host cells comprising the same.

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Номер записи: 48

28-02-2013 дата публикации

Process for production of biodiesel

Номер: US20130053591A1

Автор: Eckhard Seidel, Helmut Saft, Norbert Palauschek, Rudolf Boensch

Принадлежит: LURGI GMBH

A process for continuous production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification with methanol or ethanol to give crude fatty acid alkyl esters, subsequent washing with water in a wash column to remove water-soluble impurities, subsequent drying by vaporization of the water content and subsequent removal of steryl glycosides by adsorption onto calcium bentonite, wherein the adsorption column(s) used is/are regenerated in a first step, for desorption of the steryl glycosides, by rinsing with a mixture consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters and methanol or ethanol, and in a subsequent second step, for removal of methanol residues, by rinsing with fatty acid alkyl esters or with gaseous nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

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Номер записи: 49

21-03-2013 дата публикации

THERMODEPOLYMERIZATION OF PLASTIC USING INDUCTION HEATING

Номер: US20130067800A1

Автор: Wahdan Karim

Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses to depolymerize plastic to create fuel are provided. Plastic feedstock is heated to a molten state. The molten plastic is further heated by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state. The plastic vapor is collected and the temperature of the plastic vapor is lowered to produce liquid fuel. The molten plastic can be heated by electromagnetic induction to a vapor by placing the molten plastic in a plurality of trays and traversing the trays over a plurality of induction coils wherein each of the induction coils produce a magnetic field to heat the trays. 1. A method to depolymerize plastic to create fuel , comprising:heating plastic feedstock to a molten state;heating the molten plastic by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state; andcollecting the plastic vapor and lowering the temperature of the plastic vapor to produce liquid fuel.2. The method of wherein heating the molten plastic by electromagnetic induction to a vapor state comprises:placing the molten plastic in a plurality of trays; andtraversing the trays over a plurality of induction coils wherein each of the induction coils produces a magnetic field to heat the trays.3. The method of further comprising controlling an induction coil based on one or more characteristics of the plastic in a tray.4. The method of wherein the characteristics of the plastic is the state of the plastic and/or the type of plastic.5. A system to depolymerize plastic to create fuel claim 3 , comprising:an extruder to heat plastic feedstock to a molten state;a plurality of trays to hold the molten plastic; andan induction system to heat the trays by electromagnetic induction to heat the molten plastic to a vapor state.6. The system of further comprising a condenser to collecting the plastic vapor and lower the temperature of the plastic vapor to produce liquid fuel.7. The system of wherein the trays comprise a plurality of rods extending from the bottom of the tray.8. The system of further including a ...

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Номер записи: 50

21-03-2013 дата публикации

Production method for biofuel

Номер: US20130071889A1

Автор: Hiroaki Kato, Iwao Ueda, Ken Amano, Kengo Suzuki, Ko Yamashita, Nobuo Aoki, Ryo Arashida, Ryohei Nakano, Takashi Kaneko, Yukio Fukushima

Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention provides a production method for biofuel based on a technology to convert carbon-dioxide as a carbon source through photosynthesis by photosynthetic microorganisms to biomass and produce biofuel of the biomass. The production method for biofuel of the present invention comprises a culturing process (S 1 ) of culturing in a culture solution photosynthetic microorganisms which store oils, fats and carbohydrates in cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, an oil and fat conversion process (S 2 ) of converting the carbohydrates stored in the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms cultured in the culture apparatus to oils and fats, an extraction process (S 3 ) of extracting the oils and fats out of the cells of the photosynthetic microorganisms, and a reforming process (S 4 ) to reform the extracted oils and fats.

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Номер записи: 51

21-03-2013 дата публикации

Recovery of Oleaginous Tricyglycerols from Wastewater Title of Invention Treatment Plant Foams

Номер: US20130072706A1

Автор: Elizabeth J. Summer, Mei Liu, Sarah Dugleby

Принадлежит: PHASE BIOCONTROL RES LLC

Tricyglycerols that may be converted to biofuel are recovered from oleaginous organisms in the natural and induced foam of wastewater treatment process plants. Growing oleaginous organisms in the form of comparatively dry foam simplifies harvest and is more efficient and efficacious than skimming the biomass off the top of the liquids that rely on less efficient centrifugation or filtration methods typically required to concentrate cells grown in liquids.

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Номер записи: 52

21-03-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM FEED-STOCKS COMPRISING TALL OIL AND TERPENE-COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20130072730A1

Автор: KNUUTTILA Pekka, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko, RISSANEN Arto

Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from AlO, zeolite, zeolite-AlO, and AlO—SiOfor producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds. 123-. (canceled)24. A process for producing hydrocarbon components , comprising:providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds;{'sub': 3', '2', '3, 'subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a NiO/MoOcatalyst on an AlOsupport to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a NiW catalyst on a zeolite-AlOsupport and in the presence of hydrogen to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components.'}25. The process according to wherein the terpene-based compounds are obtained from plants claim 24 , terpene oils claim 24 , distillation bottoms from terpene distillation and flavorants and/or fragrance industry.26. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises crude tall oil and crude sulphate turpentine derived from kraft pulping of wood.27. The process of wherein the crude tall oil is purified prior to subjecting it to the ...

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Номер записи: 53

28-03-2013 дата публикации

Fuel additive for improved performance of low sulfur diesel fuels

Номер: US20130074874A1

Автор: Julienne M. Galante-Fox, Xinggao Fang

Принадлежит: Afton Chemical Corp

A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel having a sulfur content of 15 ppm by weight or less; and a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product contains less than one equivalent of an amino triazole group per molecule of reaction product, and wherein the reaction product is present in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel direct and/or indirect fuel injectors.

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Номер записи: 54

11-04-2013 дата публикации

Raw petroleum coke composition for anode material for lithium ion secondary battery

Номер: US20130089491A1

Автор: Ippei Fujinaga, Takashi Oyama, Takashi Suzuki, Tamotsu Tano, Toshiyuki Oda

Принадлежит: JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp

Provided is a raw petroleum coke composition as a raw material of an anode carbon material that can improve, when a battery is discharged at a high current, the ratio capable of maintaining the capacity obtained during discharge at a low current. More specifically, provided is a raw petroleum coke composition for an anode carbon material of a lithium ion secondary battery, the raw petroleum coke composition being produced by subjecting a heavy-oil composition to a delayed coking process, and comprising an atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms H to carbon atoms C(H/C atomic ratio) of 0.30 to 0.50, and a micro-strength of 7 to 17% by weight. Further provided are a method for producing an anode carbon material of a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising the steps of: pulverizing the raw petroleum coke composition into particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 30 μm, and subjecting the particles to carbonization and/or graphitization; and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an anode comprising such a carbon material.

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Номер записи: 55

11-04-2013 дата публикации

Methane Enrichment of a Gaseous Alkane Stream for Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130090504A1

Автор: John C. Roscoe, John J. Waycuilis

Принадлежит: Marathon GTF Technology Ltd

A method is provided for converting gaseous lower molecular weight alkanes contained in a feed gas to liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. One or more lower molecular weight alkanes contained in the feed gas, which are heavier than methane, are converted to methane in a pre-former reactor. The resulting methane-enriched gas has a methane fraction greater than the methane fraction of the feed gas. The methane-enriched gas and bromine are reacted to form alkyl bromide and the alkyl bromide is reacted in the presence of a catalyst to form the liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and a residual gas. The liquid higher molecular weight hydrocarbons are recovered as product and the residual gas is fed to the pre-former reactor with the feed gas.

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Номер записи: 56

18-04-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THERMALLY CLEAVING ORGANIC WASTE HAVING HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Номер: US20130091761A1

Автор: Willner Thomas

Принадлежит: Hochschule Fur Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (Haw Hamburg)

The invention relates to a method for thermochemically converting organic waste material having high molecular weight into liquid combustible materials and fuels, comprising the following steps: feeding organic waste material into a reactor, heating the organic waste material to a temperature between 250° C. and 500° C. while avoiding exceeding critical coking temperatures in the reactor, feeding biogenic substances to the reactor, collecting and condensing the gases and vapors released from the mixture of organic waste material and biogenic substances, collecting the condensate and letting phases form, and removing the phase(s) containing liquid combustible materials and fuels. 1. A method for thermochemically converting organic waste material having high molecular weight into liquid combustible materials and fuels , comprising the following steps:feeding organic waste material into a reactor,heating the organic waste material to a temperature between 250° C. and 500° C. while avoiding exceeding critical coking temperatures in the reactor,feeding biogenic substances to the reactor,collecting and condensing the gases and vapors released from the mixture of organic waste material and biogenic substances,collecting of the condensate and letting form phases,removing the phase or phases containing liquid combustible materials and fuels.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic waste material consists of long-chain and/or branched hydrocarbon molecules.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic waste material consists of plastic or rubber wastes claim 1 , distillation residues from mineral oil processing claim 1 , heavy oils claim 1 , asphalts claim 1 , bitumen claim 1 , tar sands and/or oil shale.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biogenic material is of plant and/or animal origin.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biogenic material is cellulose claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 57

02-05-2013 дата публикации

Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions

Номер: US20130104447A1

Автор: Marc-Andre Poirier

Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

The disclosure relates to a dye-stable furnace fuel composition comprising: about 10 to 99 parts by volume of a mineral oil component having an effective boiling range from about 160° C. to about 380° C.; about 1 to 90 parts by volume of a biocomponent fuel component comprising C 1 -C 5 alkyl esterified fatty acids from renewable sources; one or more azo dye components present in an amount from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg, relative to the total fuel composition; and a tert-butyl-functionalized hydroquinone antioxidant component present in an amount of at least about 50 vppm, relative to the fuel composition, wherein the fuel composition exhibits an increased dye stability, relative to a fuel composition having similar mineral oil and biocomponent fuel components and identical azo dye component(s), but having a different or no antioxidant component.

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Номер записи: 58

02-05-2013 дата публикации

Fuel compositions containing an isomerized component of a single carbon number and methods of preparing the fuel compositions

Номер: US20130109893A1

Автор: Heinz J. Robota, Jhoanna C. Alger

Принадлежит: University of Dayton

Fuel compositions containing an isomerized component of a single carbon number may contain at least 97 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition, of an isomerized component consisting of aliphatic paraffin isomers all having the formula C n H 2n+2 , where 10≦n≦22 and n has the same value for each aliphatic paraffin isomer in the isomerized component. The fuel compositions have a normal alkane content of less than 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition. Methods for preparing the fuel compositions include hydroisomerizing a normal alkane starting material to form an isomerized mixture and subsequently removing remnant normal alkanes from the isomerized mixture by solvent dewaxing and/or distillation. Some of the fuel compositions may have freezing points at or below −47° C., making them amenable for use a surrogate fuels in the place of JP-8.

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Номер записи: 59

09-05-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Compositions for the Recombinant Biosynthesis of N-Alkanes

Номер: US20130111806A1

Автор: Reppas Nikos Basil, Ridley Christian Perry

Принадлежит: JOULE UNLIMITED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently convert carbon dioxide and light into n-alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of n-alkanes and related molecules. 118.-. (canceled)19. A fuel composition , wherein said fuel composition comprises a mixture of alkanes and alkanol , wherein at least 50% of said mixture is alkanes , and wherein said alkanes are selected from the group consisting of tridecane , tetradecane , pentadecane , hexadecane , and heptadecane.20. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein said mixture of alkanes comprises pentadecane claim 19 , hexadecane claim 19 , heptadecane and octedecan-1-ol claim 19 , and wherein heptadecane and pentadecane are predominant.21. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein said composition further comprises nonadecene.22. The fuel composition of claim 20 , wherein said composition further comprises nonadecene.23. The fuel composition of claim 19 , wherein at least 75% of said mixture comprises predominantly alkanes.24. The fuel composition of claim 20 , wherein at least 75% of said mixture comprises predominantly alkanes.2524. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is a low-sulfur fuel composition.2624. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is a carbon-neutral fuel composition.2724. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition has a higher δthan a comparable fuel made from fixed atmospheric carbon or plant-derived biomass.2824. The fuel composition of any of - claims 19 , wherein said fuel composition is blended into diesel. This application is a continuation of U.S. utility application Ser. No. 13/243,136, filed Sep. 23, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. utility application Ser. No. 13/098,700, filed May 2, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,043,840, which is a continuation ...

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Номер записи: 60

09-05-2013 дата публикации

Production of low cloud point distillates

Номер: US20130112594A1

Автор: Berne K. Stober, Stuart S. Shih

Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for producing at least one low sulfur distillate fuel product with improved low temperature properties. A potential distillate fuel feed is initially hydrotreated to reduce sulfur and nitrogen levels in the feed to desired amounts. The hydrotreated effluent is then fractionated to form several fractions, including a light diesel/distillate fraction and a heavy diesel fraction. The heavy diesel fraction is then dewaxed to improve the cold flow properties of the heavy diesel fraction. The dewaxed heavy diesel fraction can be combined with the light diesel fraction, or the dewaxed heavy diesel fraction can be fractionated as well. Optionally, the heavy diesel fraction is dewaxed under conditions effective for producing a dewaxed fraction with a cloud point that is less than or equal to the cloud point of the light diesel/distillate fraction.

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Номер записи: 61

09-05-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130116487A1

Автор: Clark Alisdair Quentin, Howard Philip, Parker Anthony George

Принадлежит: BP Oil International Limited

Unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 having less than 42% of aromatic compounds, and at least 2% by volume of the total composition of component (a′), which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85. At least 70% in total of the stream is branched chain alkanes, the stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. The Boiling Points are measured according to ASTMID2892. At least 5% of at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon has a bp 60-160° C., with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon having a bp more than 160° C. Less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane is present. 1142-. (canceled)143. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds , and at least 2% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85 , at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes , said stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a-cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. , said Boiling Points being measured according to ASTMID2892 , and at least 5% of at least one paraffin , aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon of b.p. 60-160° C. , with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon of bp more than 160° C. , and less than 5% 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylbutane or 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylpentane.144. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of ...

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Номер записи: 62

09-05-2013 дата публикации

CATALYST COMPOSITIONS FOR CONVERSION OF VEGETABLE OILS TO HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS IN THE DIESEL BOILING RANGE AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION THEREOF

Номер: US20130116488A1

Автор: GOKAK Dattatraya Tammannashastri, JOSE N., RAI Pragya, THOTA Chiranjeevi, Viswanathan Poyyamani Swaminathan

Принадлежит: BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for conversion of vegetable oils to hydrocarbon products in the diesel boiling range, comprising a porous support; Group III A or VA element in the range of 1-10 wt %; Group VI B elements in the range of 1 to 20 wt %; Group VIII B elements in range of 0.01 to 10 wt %. The present invention further provides the process for preparing the catalyst composition for conversion of vegetable oils to hydrocarbon products in the diesel boiling range. The present invention also provides the process for conversion of vegetable oils to hydrocarbon products in the diesel boiling range using the catalyst composition or discarded refinery spent hydro-treating catalyst. 1. A catalyst composition for conversion of vegetable oils to hydrocarbon products in the diesel boiling range comprising:(i) a porous support 85-95 wt %(ii) Group III A or VA elements in the range of about 1 to 10 wt %(iii) Group VI B elements in the range of about 1 to 20 wt %(iv) Group VIII B elements in range of about 0.01 to 10 wt %.2. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said porous support comprises at least 25% of aluminium oxide.3. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said porous support has unimodel pore size distribution in the range of about 20 to 250 Å; surface area in the range of about 200-250 m/g; bulk density in the range of about 0.80 to 0.85 g/cc; and pore volume in the range of about 0.5 to 0.8 cc/g.4. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Group IIIA element is Boron in the range of about 1 to 10 wt % preferably about 1 to 5 wt %.5. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Group VA element is Phosphorus about 1 to 10 wt % preferably 1 to 5 wt %.6. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said Group VIB element is Molybdenum in the range of about 10 to 15 wt % claim 1 , more preferably in the range of about 12 to 14 wt % or Tungsten preferably ...

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Номер записи: 63

16-05-2013 дата публикации

Diesel microemulsion biofuels

Номер: US20130118058A1

Автор: Jacob Issac Abraham, John David McLennan, Melisa Saleb Ramallo, Thu Thi Le Nguyen

Принадлежит: University of Utah Research Foundation UURF

A biofuel can include a diesel fuel, a plant oil, an alcohol viscosity reducer that is either a mixture of a butanol and a C 1 -C 3 alcohol or solely butanol, and a surfactant present at no more than about 1.0% v/v. The biofuel exists as a clear, stable microemulsion at from about −10° C. to about 70° C. with the cloud point and pour point lower than −10° C.

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Номер записи: 64

16-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20130118059A1

Автор: BOON Andries Quirin Maria, ESPINOSA ALONSO Leticia, GOSSELINK Johan Willem, HARRIS John William, JANSSEN Andries Hendrik, LANGE Jean Paul, SCHAVERIEN Colin John, WAY Nicolaas Wilhelmus Joseph

Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A process for conversion of a cellulosic material comprising 1. A method for conversion of a cellulosic material comprising contacting a cellulosic material with a liquid solvent at a temperature of equal to or more than about 200° C.; or', 'contacting a cellulosic material with a liquid solvent at a temperature of equal to or more than about 100° C. in the presence of a catalyst; and, 'a liquefaction step to produce a final liquefied product, the liquefaction step comprisinga catalytic cracking step to produce at least one cracked product, the catalytic cracking step comprising contacting at least part of the final liquefied product with a fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 400° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent comprises water and/or an organic solvent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction step comprises simultaneously contacting the cellulosic material with an organic solvent claim 1 , a source of hydrogen claim 1 , an acid catalyst and a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 150° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquefaction step comprises contacting the cellulosic material with an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature of equal to or more than about 150° C. to produce an intermediate liquefied product; and subsequently hydrotreating the intermediate liquefied product with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreatment catalyst to produce a final liquefied product.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid solvent is an organic solvent and wherein the process further comprises a separation step claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the final liquefied product produced in the liquefaction step is separated from at least part of the organic solvent.6. The method of wherein the separated portion of the organic solvent is used in the liquefaction step.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 65

16-05-2013 дата публикации

Synthesis of High Caloric Fuels and Chemicals

Номер: US20130118063A1

Автор: Jan Zygmunt, John Henri, Mark Bergren, Robert Zubrin

Принадлежит: PIONEER ENERGY INC

In one embodiment, the present application discloses methods to selectively synthesize higher alcohols and hydrocarbons useful as fuels and industrial chemicals from syngas and biomass. Ketene and ketonization chemistry along with hydrogenation reactions are used to synthesize fuels and chemicals. In another embodiment, ketene used to form fuels and chemicals may be manufactured from acetic acid which in turn can be synthesized from synthesis gas which is produced from coal, biomass, natural gas, etc.

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Номер записи: 66

23-05-2013 дата публикации

CLEAN, HIGH EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GASOLINE PRODUCT

Номер: US20130125453A1

Автор: Zhou Xiangjin

Принадлежит:

A clean, high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product with main fractions of C6-C11 has a low octane rating and a low spontaneous ignition temperature. It can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 16-19. Small amount of ethanol or dimethyl ether can be added into the gasoline product. 1. A clean , high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product , which is a kind of gasoline having a low octane rating , has a low spontaneous ignition temperature corresponding to that of diesel oil , can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine and sufficiently combusted within cylinder of the engine , wherein the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine using said gasoline having a low octane rating is generally 16-19 , and can be extended to 14-22;the main fractions of said gasoline having a low octane rating is C6-C11 alkane, wherein the higher the content of straight-chain alkanes, the lower the octane rating of gasoline is;the fractions of said gasoline can be extended to C5-C18 based on C6-C11, so as to form C5-C11 or C6-C18 or C5-C18, wherein the contents of components with various carbon chain lengths (including straight-chain alkanes and its isomer, and a small amount of olefins) are different from each other, the particular contents therefor can be optionally combined according to the requirements of market and users, but said gasoline should meet the prerequisite of being compressively ignited.2. The gasoline product according to claim 1 , wherein it is used in special-designed and special-produced internal combustion engine claim 1 , which has a compression ratio of 16-19 (similar to diesel engine);said internal combustion engine is provided with a lubrication system, a fuel oil storage and a delivery system (similar to gasoline engine) which are necessary for light fuel oil, and also has a pressurized injecting system (pressurized fuel injection pump and ...

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Номер записи: 67

23-05-2013 дата публикации

DIESEL ENGINE INJECTOR FOULING IMPROVEMENTS WITH A HIGHLY PARAFFINIC DISTILLATE FUEL

Номер: US20130125849A1

Автор: Schaberg Paul Werner, Velaers Adrian James

Принадлежит: SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD.

The invention provides the use of a highly paraffinic distillate fuel in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system, wherein the distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt %, a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt %, such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.). 1. A highly paraffinic distillate fuel for use in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt % , a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt % , such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.).2. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 60% or less.3. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 50% or less and a density of more than 0.79 g.cm(at 15° C.).4. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel is derived from a Fischer Tropsch process claim 1 , a hydrogenated renewable oil claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has a cetane number greater than 70.6. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises a petroleum-derived distillate fuel claim 1 , a bio-derived fuel claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel ...

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Номер записи: 68

23-05-2013 дата публикации

Method and apparatus of hydrolytic saccharification of cellulosic biomass

Номер: US20130125877A1

Автор: Hiromasa Kusuda, Hironori Tajiri, Kunihiko Tanaka, Noriaki Izumi, Shoji Tsujita, Takeshi Nishino

Принадлежит: Kawasaki Jukogyo KK

The hydrolytic saccharification method and hydrolytic saccharification apparatus according to the present invention use a hydraulic cylinder-type pressurized reactor as a reactor for causing cellulosic biomass to be in a supercritical or subcritical state, and use a hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor as a source of superheated steam, such that the reactor and the compressor are operated in conjunction with each other. Surplus hydraulic pressure that is generated when hydrolysis of the cellulosic biomass is completed is recovered as compression power of the hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor. Moreover, flash steam generated from slurry containing a hydrolysate is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder-type steam compressor for cyclic use of the flash steam.

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Номер записи: 69

23-05-2013 дата публикации

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

Номер: US20130131196A1

Автор: Michael Cheiky, Rajashekharam Malyala, Vern S. Traxler

Принадлежит: Cool Planet Biofuels Inc, Cool Planet Energy Systems Inc

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

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Номер записи: 70

23-05-2013 дата публикации

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF HYDROXYCYCLOALKANES AND USE OF THE PRODUCT IN BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS FOR AVIATION

Номер: US20130131407A1

Автор: Dos Reis Goncalves Flavio, Fraga Marco Andre, Pizzaro Borges Luis Eduardo

Принадлежит:

This invention relates to a new biofuel alternative to be used in aviation sector, starting from obtention and production routes of renewable sources compounds, that may act as load for aviation kerosene composition. Naphthenic compounds (cycloalkanes) obtained from renewable sources are used as enrichment or addition loads of aviation kerosene. The process is based on hydrogenolysis catalytic reactions, from hydroxycycloalkanes derevatives substrata, like menthol and isopulegol. The catalytic system is constituted of a physical mixture of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts, acid heterogeneous catalysts, and hydrogenating metallic catalysts in acid supports. The hydrogenation catalysts used envolve noble metals from groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of periodic table, whose content ranges from 0.01-10%. The heterogeneous catalysts suitable acids are represented by acidic sulfonated polymer resins, protonated zeolites and sulfated zirconia. The catalytic reaction conditions involving a temperature range of 70-250° C., pressure between 1-70 and agitation ranging from 100-1000 rpm. The composition involving the biofuel, obtained by catalytic hydrogenation process, is obtained as a mixture composed by cycloalkanes and aviation fuel in ratio 1:100 to 100:1, in volume. 1. A biomass hydrogenolysis catalytic process comprising:a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of hydroxycycloalkanes derivatives to obtain biofuel for aviation, biokerosene composed mainly by cycloalkanes.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic system includes mixtures of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts and acid heterogeneous catalysts claim 1 , or bifunctional catalysts constituted of acid support and active phase by hydrogenating metal.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the mass ratio of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalyst:acid heterogeneous catalyst comprises 5:1 to 1:5 range claim 2 , more preferably the range between 2:1 and 1:2.4. The process according to claim 2 , ...

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Номер записи: 71

23-05-2013 дата публикации

EVEN CARBON NUMBER PARAFFIN COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

Номер: US20130131408A1

Автор: Abhari Ramin, Gruver Vladimir, Tomlinson H. Lynn

Принадлежит: Syntroleum Corporation

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material. 1. A composition comprising C-Cparaffins , wherein:the paraffins are produced from a renewable biological feedstock by a process comprising hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis; andthe paraffins are predominately even carbon number paraffins.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-hexadecane and n-octadecane.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-dodecane and n-tetradecane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 75 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 80 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils claim 1 , plant oils claim 1 , algal oils claim 1 , animal fats claim 1 , tall oil fatty acid claim 1 , products of the food industry claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the groups consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm kernel oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm ...

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Номер записи: 72

30-05-2013 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Developing Terrestrial and Algal Biomass Feedstocks and Bio-Refining the Same

Номер: US20130137154A1

Автор: Reep Paul

Принадлежит: ORIGINOIL, INC.

Methods and systems for developing and bio-refining or processing biomass feedstocks into a spectrum of bio-based products which can be used as a substitute for fossil oil derivatives in various types of product manufacturing processes and/or the production of bio-energy are disclosed. In addition, methods and systems for identifying, measuring and controlling key parameters in relation to specific biomass developing processes and bio-refining processes so as to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of such processes while standardizing the underlying parameters to facilitate and enhance large-scale production of bio-based products and/or bio-energy are disclosed. 1. A method for processing standardized biomass feedstocks to yield bio-based products , comprising:providing a standardized biomass feedstock;formatting the standardized biomass feedstock for subsequent refinement; andprocessing the standardized biomass feedstock to yield bio-based products therefrom.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing one of: a terrestrial biomass feedstock and a high moisture content biomass feedstock.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the terrestrial biomass feedstock comprises one of: a herbaceous biomass feedstock claim 2 , a woody biomass feedstock claim 2 , an agricultural food claim 2 , an agricultural feed crop claim 2 , an agricultural crop waste claim 2 , an agricultural residue claim 2 , a wood waste claim 2 , a wood residue claim 2 , an aquatic plant claim 2 , a vegetable oil claim 2 , a livestock manure claim 2 , a municipal waste claim 2 , and an industrial waste.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the high moisture content biomass feedstock comprises one of: algae claim 2 , beet pulp claim 2 , and sludge.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing a standardized biomass feedstock comprises providing a standardized mixture of constituent biomass feedstock components.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture ...

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Номер записи: 73

06-06-2013 дата публикации

Liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression

Номер: US20130139430A1

Автор: Jose Antonio Fabre

Принадлежит: Individual

A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

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Номер записи: 74

06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE JET FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144090A1

Автор: Brown Ronald E., Dunn Brian C., Fjare Kristi A., Gerritsen Leendert Arie, Lotero Edgar, Marshall Stephen, Pansare Sourabh S., Platon Alexandru

Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable jet fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 10 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 90 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable jet fuel according to having a freeze point of less than −40 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable jet fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 100 degrees Fahrenheit.8. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.9. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in jet fuel that meets all specifications for Jet A and JP-8. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “Direct Conversion of Biomass Oxygenates to Distillate-Range Hydrocarbons,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety. This application is also a non-provisional ...

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Номер записи: 75

06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144091A1

Автор: Brown Ronald E., Dunn Brian C., Fjare Kristi A., Gerritsen Leendert Arie, Lotero Edgar, Marshall Stephen, Pansare Sourabh S., Platon Alexandru

Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable diesel fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 15 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 92 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cloud point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit and a pour point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 125 degrees F.8. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cetane rating of at least 40.9. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.11. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in diesel fuel that meets all specifications for Number 2 Diesel. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “ ...

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Номер записи: 76

06-06-2013 дата публикации

Renewable gas oil derived from biomass

Номер: US20130144094A1

Автор: Alexandru Platon, Brian C. Dunn, Edgar LOTERO, Kristi A. Fjare, Leendert Arie Gerritsen, Ronald E. Brown, Sourabh S. Pansare, Stephen Marshall

Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

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Номер записи: 77

13-06-2013 дата публикации

Application of Bacteriophages for the Control of Unwanted Bacteria in Biofuel Production Mediated by Bacterial Reactive Agents

Номер: US20130149759A1

Автор: Elizabeth J. Summer, Mei Liu

Принадлежит: Phage Biocontrol Res LLC

A method of reducing process interruptions in biofuel production systems mediated by bacterial reactive agents by reducing the amount of unwanted bacteria without reduction of wanted or useful bacteria. The method comprises applying a phage panel(s) containing phage virulent for unwanted bacteria that does not contain phage phages virulent wanted bacteria. The method includes, optionally, the selective production of solutions of phage for unwanted bacteria from which phages for wanted bacteria are screened out.

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Номер записи: 78

27-06-2013 дата публикации

Processing of Dielectric Fluids with Mobile Charge Carriers

Номер: US20130161232A1

Автор: David A. Staack, Robert P. Geiger

Принадлежит: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Provided herewith is a novel method of controllably processing a dielectric fluid by creating discharges within the dielectric fluid from mobile charge carriers contained within the dielectric fluid. Generally, the dielectric fluid and the mobile charge carriers are between two electrodes which apply a voltage to the charge carriers. In one embodiment, the dielectric fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid such as a heavy crude oil or a fuel. In one embodiment the charge carrier comprises water droplets. In another embodiment, the mobile charge carriers are metallic balls. In both instances the discharges initiate from the mobile charge carriers.

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Номер записи: 79

27-06-2013 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS

Номер: US20130164798A1

Автор: El Tahchy Anna, Liu Qing, Petrie James Robertson, Singh Surinder Pal, Vanhercke Thomas

Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of physically processing the vegetative plant part comprises one or more of rolling claim 1 , pressing claim 1 , crushing or grinding the vegetative plant part.3. The process of claim 1 , which prior to step ii) further comprises the steps of:(a) extracting at least some of the non-polar lipid content from the vegetative plant part as non-polar lipid, and(b) recovering the extracted non-polar lipid.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein(i) the extracted non-polar lipid comprises triacylglycerols, wherein the triacylglycerols comprise at least 90% (w/w) of the extracted non-polar lipid, and/or(ii) the extracted non-polar lipid comprises free sterols, steroyl esters, steroyl glycosides, waxes or wax esters, or any combination thereof.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein step (a) uses an organic solvent.6. The process of which comprises one or more ofa) recovering the extracted non-polar lipid by collecting it in a container,b) one or more of degumming, deodorising, decolourising, drying or fractionating the extracted non-polar lipid,c) removing at least some waxes and/or wax esters from the extracted non-polar lipid, andd) analysing the fatty acid composition of the extracted non-polar lipid.7. The process of in which the volume of the extracted non-polar lipid is at least 1 litre.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the industrial product is a hydrocarbon product such as fatty acid esters claim 1 , preferably fatty acid methyl esters and/or a fatty acid ethyl esters claim 1 , an alkane such as methane claim 1 , ethane or a longer-chain alkane claim 1 , a mixture of longer chain alkanes claim 1 , an alkene claim 1 , a biofuel claim 1 , carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen gas claim ...

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Номер записи: 80

04-07-2013 дата публикации

Fuel and combustible mixture used as a substitute for fossil fuels in thermoelectric power plants, industrial and central heating furnaces

Номер: US20130167761A1

Автор: Drago Cosic

Принадлежит: COR BREVIS doo

Present Invention discloses new combustible mixture and fuel, which during burning releases energy 15 times greater than that of lignite and 4-5 times than that of coke. The combustible mixture consists of the liquid and solid phases, where the solid phase comprises: aluminium powder; at least one M 1 X 2 , where M 1 can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X can be any halogen; M 2 CO 3 , where M 2 can be any two-valent metal; zinc ammonia chloride, SiO 2 in the form of quartz sand; and quick lime; whereas the liquid matter comprises: at least one C 1 to C 6 carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the mentioned carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amide; methylcellulose; and formaldehyde, or its commercially accessible solution—formalin; and water. Fuel is made when the combustible mixture is hermetically closed in a container. The Invention also presents both the energy production method and the use of the invented fuel

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Номер записи: 81

18-07-2013 дата публикации

Production of alkyl esters from high free fatty acid sources

Номер: US20130180163A1

Автор: Paula Marie Ward, Stanley E. Katz

Принадлежит: Individual

The invention provides a novel system for the conversion of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) from processed food sources, including but not limited to trap greases, FOG separated from prepared foods, waste streams from glycerin separation processes, “black grease” collected from the scum-layer of waste water treatment facilities, and other sources having high free fatty acid content, to their alkyl esters.

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Номер записи: 82

25-07-2013 дата публикации

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms

Номер: US20130189750A1

Автор: Alan E. Bland, Jeffrey M. Morris, Jesse D. Newcomer, Patricia Colberg, Patrick Richards, Paul Fallgren, Song Jin

Принадлежит: University of Wyoming Research Corp (dba Western Research Institute)

Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions ( 1 ) from sources ( 2 ) may be processed in at least one processing reactor ( 4 ) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass ( 6 ) which may then be used for various products ( 21 ) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria ( 13 ) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria ( 5 ).

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Номер записи: 83

01-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL FROM ALGAL LIPID WITH DIMETHYL CARBONATE

Номер: US20130192126A1

Автор: LEE Jangho, PARK Joonhong, WOO Sung-Geun

Принадлежит: Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University

The present invention relates to a method for renewable energy production using biomass, more specifically, method for producing eco-friendly biodiesel with algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate. 1. A method for producing biodiesel from algal lipid with dimethyl carbonate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the algal lipid is extracted from an algae with dimethyl carbonate.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel is made by transesterification reaction of algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algae is cultured in wastewater.5AnkistrodesmusScenedesmusChlorellaAnabaenaOscillatoriaBotryococcus,NeochlorisTetraselmisPorphyridiumPhaeodactylumNannochloropsisEllipsoidionIsochrysisPavlovaThalassiosiraSkeletonemaChlorococcumDunaliellaAphanizomenonHaematococcusCrypthecodiniumShizochytrium.. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algae is selected from the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus claim 2 , the genus and the genus6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the algal lipid is extracted by the mixture ratio of algal biomass:dimethyl carbonate=1:20 (g/mL).7. A biodiesel without glycerol claim 1 , produced according to the method of . 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to method for renewable energy production using biomass, more specifically, method for producing eco-friendly biodiesel with algal lipid and dimethyl carbonate.2. Description of the Related ArtTechnology for renewable energy production has been developed using food resources or waste wood as biomass sources. In recent years, renewable energy technology utilizing algal lipid has been proposed.Algae captures carbon dioxide from ...

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Номер записи: 84

01-08-2013 дата публикации

Processing biomass

Номер: US20130196386A1

Автор: Marshall Medoff

Принадлежит: Xyleco Inc

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

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Номер записи: 85

08-08-2013 дата публикации

Ethanol Compositions

Номер: US20130199084A1

Автор: Hale Trinity Horton, Johnston Victor J., Sarager Lincoln, Warner R. Jay, Weiner Heiko, Wollrab Radmila

Принадлежит: Celanese International Corporation

In one embodiment, the present invention is to an ethanol composition comprising at least 92 wt. % ethanol and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol. 125-. (canceled)26. An ethanol composition comprising:at least 92 wt. % ethanol;less than 1000 wppm isopropanol;acetaldehyde; andless than 10 wppm methanol;wherein the amount of acetaldehyde is less than the amount of isopropanol.27. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising from 92 wt. % to 96 wt. % ethanol.28. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising from 95 to 1000 wppm isopropanol.29. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising less than 10 wppm acetaldehyde.30. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising one or more organic impurities selected from the group consisting of acetaldehyde claim 26 , acetic acid claim 26 , diethyl acetal claim 26 , ethyl acetate claim 26 , butanol claim 26 , 2-butanol claim 26 , isobutanol claim 26 , and mixtures thereof.31. The ethanol composition of claim 30 , wherein the ethanol composition comprises less than 1 wt. % of the one or more organic impurities.32. The ethanol composition of claim 26 , further comprising less than 8 wt. % water.33. The ethanol composition of claim 32 , wherein the weight ratio of isopropanol to water in the ethanol composition ranges from 1:80 to 1:1000.34. An ethanol composition comprising:at least 92 wt. % ethanol;less than 1000 wppm isopropanol; andn-propanol,wherein the weight ratio of isopropanol to n-propanol is at least 0.5:1.35. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 95 wppm to 270 wppm n-propanol.36. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 92 wt. % to 96 wt. % ethanol.37. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising from 95 to 1000 wppm isopropanol.38. The ethanol composition of claim 34 , further comprising one or more organic impurities selected from the group consisting of acetaldehyde claim 34 , acetic acid claim 34 , diethyl ...

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Номер записи: 86

15-08-2013 дата публикации

RECYCLING AND REINVESTMENT OF CARBON FROM AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES FOR RENEWABLE FUEL AND MATERIALS USING THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION

Номер: US20130205647A1

Автор: McAlister Roy Edward

Принадлежит: McAlister Technologies, LLC

Techniques, systems, apparatus and material are disclosed for regeneration or recycling of carbon substances into renewable fuel and materials. In one aspect, a method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel can include harvesting carbon donors, such as carbon dioxide (CO), emitted from an agricultural process. Hydrogen donors, such as from biomass waste, can be dissociated under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen. The harvested carbon dioxide can be reacted with the waste-produced hydrogen under pressure and temperature to generate a renewable fuel, such as methanol fuel. 1. A method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel , the method comprising:harvesting one or more hydrogen and/or carbon donors emitted from an agricultural process;dissociating a waste comprising hydrogen under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen; andreacting the harvested hydrogen and/or carbon donors with the waste produced hydrogen under pressure and temperature to generate a renewable fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the harvested carbon donors comprises at least one of carbon monoxide claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and methane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste comprising hydrogen comprises waste or byproducts of biomass digestion claim 1 , agricultural processes claim 1 , and energy utilization.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel comprises at least one of alcohol and ether.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol comprises at least one of methanol and ethanol; andthe ether comprises at least one of dimethyl ether (DME) and diethyl ether (DEE).6. The method of claim 5 , comprising converting one or more ethers to generate a polymer precursor to a durable good.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding a catalyst to increase a rate of production of the renewable fuel.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one of copper-zinc-oxide claim 7 , deposited sinter mixture of copper claim 7 , and ...

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Номер записи: 87

15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1

Автор: James Obern, Michael Anthony Schultz, Sean Dennis Simpson

Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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Номер записи: 88

22-08-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A REFINERY STREAM-COMPATIBLE BIO-OIL FROM A LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20130212930A1

Автор: Hicks Jason C., Mayer Jerome F., Naae Douglas G., Trevino Horacio, Villegas Jose I.

Принадлежит: Chevron USA, Inc.

In one aspect, a method for rendering biomass-derived pyrolysis oil miscible with refinery hydrocarbons comprises mixing a high oxygen content bio-oil having an oxygen content of at least about 10 wt. % with a low oxygen content bio-oil having an oxygen content of less than about 8 wt. % to produce a blended oil. The blended oil may be hydrotreated to produce a deoxygenated hydrotreated mixture from which water is removed using a separator, resulting in a low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate miscible in refinery process streams. A portion of the low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate may be recycled with the high oxygen content bio-oil or removed for use in a refinery process stream for further hydroprocessing. 1. A method for rendering biomass-derived pyrolysis oil miscible with refinery hydrocarbons , the method comprising the steps of:a) mixing (i) a high oxygen content bio-oil comprising an oxygen content of at least about 10 wt. % with (ii) a low oxygen content bio-oil an oxygen content of less than about 8 wt. % to yield a blended oil.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:b) hydrotreating the blended oil to yield a hydrotreated mixture comprising (i) low oxygen-content hydrotreated bio-oil and (ii) water, wherein the low oxygen-content hydrotreated bio-oil has an oxygen content of 10 wt. % or less.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:c) removing water from the hydrotreated mixture to yield a low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate, wherein water removal is effected via a phase separation between the low oxygen content hydrotreated bio-oil and the water.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:d) combining at least a portion of the low oxygen content hybrid bio-oil intermediate with the high oxygen content bio-oil in step (a), ande) repeating steps (a) through (d).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high oxygen content bio-oil is produced in a conversion reactor by a conversion process selected from the group ...

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Номер записи: 89

29-08-2013 дата публикации

Process for the manufacture of butanol or acetone

Номер: US20130219776A1

Автор: Jane Samantha White, Kenneth Alexander Leiper, Martin Tangney, Sandra Messenger

Принадлежит: CELTIC RENEWABLES Ltd

A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

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Номер записи: 90

29-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods for making and distributing batches of butane-enriched gasoline

Номер: US20130225883A1

Автор: Larry D. Mattingly, Steven M. Vanderbur

Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Disclosed are automated methods and systems for certifying the volatility of butane-enriched gasoline downstream of a butane blending operation. Such automated methods and systems provide significant advantages to comply with volatility requirements imposed by EPA or state regulations.

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Номер записи: 91

12-09-2013 дата публикации

Methods for Producing a Fermentation Product from Lignocellulose-Containing Material

Номер: US20130236933A1

Автор: Feng Xu, Haiyu Ren, HONGZHI HUANG, Ye Chen, Yun Wang

Принадлежит: China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, Cofco Corp, Novozymes AS

The present invention provides a method for producing a fermentation product from lignocellulose-containing material, a method for converting lignocellulose-containing material into a hydrolyzate comprising mono- and oligo-saccharides, and a method for treating lignocellulose-containing material, all of which comprise the step of mixing an acid pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material and an alkaline pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material. The present invention further provides a fermentation product made according to the method for producing a fermentation product.

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Номер записи: 92

12-09-2013 дата публикации

BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION, SEPARATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20130236938A1

Автор: Bell Jason, Benson Todd, PUGH MARC, VANDER HOFF MARK

Принадлежит: SMARTFLOW TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present invention provides for a method for treatment of fats, oils and grease (FOG) for separation of target products and/or the efficient production of biodiesel while reducing disposal of solid or liquid waste matter into landfills or water treatment facilities. 1. A method for producing an alkyl ester for use as a fuel , the method comprising;mixing in a reaction vessel an oil source containing triglycerides and/or free fatty acids with an alcohol in the presence of a biocatalyst or chemical catalyst to produce an alkyl ester; and "an array of sheet members of generally rectangular and generally planar shape with main top and bottom surfaces, wherein the sheet members include in sequence in said array a first retentate sheet, a first filter sheet, a permeate sheet, a second filter sheet, and a second retentate sheet, wherein at least the alky esters, having a diameter larger than the filter sheet's pore size, are retained in the retentate flow, and at least a portion of the liquid medium with any permeate species diffuse through the filter sheets and enter the permeate sheet and permeate flow.", 'separating the alkyl ester from at least the alcohol and catalyst, by using a cross-flow filtration cassette, wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette comprises2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil source is plant oil claim 1 , microalgae oil claim 1 , animal oil claim 1 , fish oil claim 1 , lard claim 1 , rendered fats claim 1 , cooking oil claim 1 , tallow or waste grease.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an enzyme.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the enzyme is a lipase and catalyzes a transesterification and/or esterification reaction.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an acid catalyst or alkaline catalyst.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil source is initially treated to remove unwanted water using a using a cross-flow filtration cassette claim 1 , wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette comprises:an array of ...

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Номер записи: 93

19-09-2013 дата публикации

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20130239466A1

Автор: Mowry Gregory

Принадлежит:

A reactor includes a shell having an input port configured to receive a reaction mixture and an output port configured to discharge a reaction product and a plug within the shell, the sintered plug having a first catalyst configured to transform the reaction mixture into the reaction product, the plug having pores of at least micrometers (μm) diameter. A conduit includes a first and second lumen, the first lumen configured to carry a first fluid in a first direction and the second lumen configured to carry a second fluid in a second direction, the first lumen helically twisted relative to the second lumen, and the first lumen configured to conductively transfer thermal energy to the second lumen. A system includes a reactor with a sintered plug and a heat exchanger including a first and a second lumen helically intertwined about an axis. 1. A system , comprising:a heat exchanger including a first lumen and a second lumen helically intertwined about an axis; anda reactor including a sintered plug in a vessel in fluid communication with the first pipe and the second pipe, the plug having pores of at least 0.01 micrometers (μm) diameter and the plug configured to catalyze a reaction.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to operate at a temperature of up to 500 degrees Celsius (° C.).3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to operate at a pressure of at least 8.3 megapascals (MPa).4. The system of claim 1 , including a heater is in fluid communication with the first pipe and configured to add thermal energy to the system.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to be transportable.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sintered plug includes stainless steel.7. A conduit claim 1 , comprising a first lumen and a second lumen claim 1 , the first lumen configured to carry a first fluid in a first direction and the second lumen configured to carry a second fluid in a second direction claim 1 , the first lumen is ...

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Номер записи: 94

19-09-2013 дата публикации

EXPANSION OF FUEL STREAMS USING MIXED HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20130239470A1

Автор: BUCHANAN Keith D.

Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation. 2) A method for making mixed pentane enriched fuel without depressing the octane of the fuel , comprising the steps: i) a first enclosed conduit transmitting a fuel stream,', 'ii) a second enclosed conduit transmitting an additive stream, wherein the additive stream comprises mixed pentanes, and', 'i) an outlet in the second enclosed conduit forming a fluid connection with an inlet in the first enclosed conduit,, 'a) providing a fuel blending unit characterized by i) a volatility for the additive stream (the “additive stream volatility”),', 'ii) a flow rate for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream flow rate”),', 'iii) an octane value for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream octane value”), and, 'b) providingiv) a maximum blended volatility for the fuel stream (the “maximum blended volatility”),c) measuring the fuel stream for its actual volatility (the “fuel stream volatility”), i) the fuel stream volatility,', 'ii) the additive stream volatility, and', 'iii) the fuel stream flow rate,, 'd) calculating a rate (the “additive stream flow rate”) at which the additive stream can be added to the fuel stream so as not to exceed the maximum blended volatility, wherein the calculating is based upone) adding the additive stream to the fuel stream at the additive stream flow rate at the fluid connection to make pentane enriched fuel, andf) adding ethanol to the pentane enriched fuel in an amount sufficient to overcome the depression in octane caused by n-pentane in the mixed pentanes.3) A method for blending heterogeneous batches of mixtures of light hydrocarbons into a primary fuel stream (the “fuel stream”) comprising: i) a mixed hydrocarbon stream (the “additive stream”) comprising a plurality of ...

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Номер записи: 95

19-09-2013 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From Variable Feedstock Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

Номер: US20130245300A1

Автор: Kyent Chin

Принадлежит: Individual

A process for producing fatty acid methyl esters includes mixing an alcohol with a feedstock oil to prepare an alcohol/oil mixture, then reacting the alcohol/oil mixture using a first heterogeneous catalyst in an acid esterification process to produce a glycerin-containing product. The glycerin is separated from the glycerin-containing product using a coalescer to produce a biodiesel-containing feedstock and glycerin. Biodiesel is separated from the biodiesel-containing feedstock using a coalescer to produce unreacted feedstock and biodiesel. The unreacted feedstock is reacted using a second heterogeneous catalyst in a trans-esterification process to produce a glycerin-biodiesel-methanol mixture. Biodiesel and glycerin are separated in separate streams from the glycerin-biodiesel-methanol mixture, using a coalescer, to produce additional glycerin and additional biodiesel.

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Номер записи: 96

26-09-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION AND ITS USE

Номер: US20130247856A1

Автор: SHEA Timothy Michael

Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

A fuel composition is provided that contains a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and a minor amount of and (b) a minor amount of alpha-terpinene. Embodiments of the fuel composition increase the sensitivity of the fuel without significantly altering the octane number. Fuel sensitivity is increased by increasing the delta between RON and MON. 1. A gasoline composition comprising (a) a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and (b) a minor amount of alpha-terpinene.2. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.3. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.4. The gasoline composition of wherein the alpha-terpinene is present in an amount from about 0.5% by weight to about 3% by weight base on the total weight of the gasoline composition.5. The gasoline composition of having an Octane Index defined as (RON+MON)/2 of at least about 80.6. The gasoline composition of further comprising at least one gasoline additive.7. The gasoline composition of wherein the at least one gasoline additive comprises a detergent additive.8. The gasoline composition of wherein the detergent additive has a treat rate in a range of from about 0.007 weight percent to about 0.76 weight percent based on the final fuel composition.9. The gasoline composition of wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range comprises a saturated hydrocarbon content ranging from about 40% to about 80% by volume claim 1 , an olefinic hydrocarbon content from 0% to about 30% by volume and an aromatic hydrocarbon content from about 10% to about 60% by volume.10. The gasoline composition of wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range is ...

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Номер записи: 97

26-09-2013 дата публикации

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANT

Номер: US20130253237A1

Автор: Mathur Indresh

Принадлежит: Johann Haltermann Limited

Disclosed is a high performance hydrocarbon fuel characterized by a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% by weight, a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio greater than 2.0 and/or a heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb. The disclosed fuels generally have a paraffin content that is at least 90% by mass and a C-Cisoparaffin content of at least 40% by mass. 1. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% on a mass basis.2. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen to carbon ratio greater than 2.0 on an atomic basis.3. The hydrocarbon fuel of having a net heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb.4. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a highly paraffinic kerosene.5. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 4 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 4 , at least one isohexadecane claim 4 , at least one isoeicosane claim 4 , or a mixture of these.6. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a naphthenic kerosene.7. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 6 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 6 , at least one isohexadecane claim 6 , at least one isoeicosane claim 6 , or a mixture of these.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. A fuel composition comprising:a total paraffin content of at least 90% by mass; andwherein the composition contains at least 40% by mass of isoparaffins having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.11. The composition of claim 10 , in which a net heat of combustion is greater than 18 claim 10 ,700 BTU/lb.12. The composition of claim 10 , in which the hydrogen content is greater than 14.5% by mass.13. The composition of wherein the total paraffin content is at least 95% by mass.14. The composition of wherein the composition contains at least 60% by mass ...

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Номер записи: 98

03-10-2013 дата публикации

Miscible Diesel Fuel Ethanol Composition

Номер: US20130255141A1

Автор: Joseph Ried

Принадлежит: Individual

The invention relates to a fuel composition comprising diesel fuel, a fusel oil distillate and ethanol, and to a method of its preparation by splash blending,

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Номер записи: 99

03-10-2013 дата публикации

Process for preparing biodiesel from renewable grease with lipase as catalyst and online dehydration

Номер: US20130260428A1

Автор: Dehua Liu, Luole Zhu, Wei Du, Xuebing Zhao

Принадлежит: TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY

Disclosed is a process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration. The method uses a short chain alcohol ROH as an acyl-acceptor, and utilizes a lipase as the catalyst to catalyze transesterification reaction of oil and fat feedstock with said short chain alcohol, so as to synthesize biodiesel; and online dehydration with a membrane or a molecular sieve is carried out during the whole process or part of the reaction process. Such online dehydration process greatly simplifies the operation procedure, and provides good economic and environmental benefits.

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Номер записи: 100