БУТИЛОВЫЕ ИОНСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ПОЛИМЕРЫ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ЦЕЛЯХ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ И/ ИЛИ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЗМОВ, И ИЗГТОВЛЕННЫЕ ИЗ НИХ ПОКРЫТИЯ

Изобретение относится к применению бутиловых ионсодержащих полимеров или частично галогенированных бутиловых ионсодержащих полимеров для снижения популяции и/или предотвращения накопления организмов, по меньшей мере на поверхности изделий, в композитном материале, в формованном изделии. Организмы могут представлять собой бактерии, водоросли, грибы, моллюски или членистоногие. Бутиловый ионсодержащий полимер получают из, по меньшей мере, одного изоолефинового мономера и по меньшей мере одного мультиолефинового мономера. Бутиловый ионсодержащий полимер содержит катионную азотсодержащую функциональную группу или катионную фосфорсодержащую функциональную группу. Изобретение также касается поверхностного покрытия для изделий, содержащих указанные бутиловые ионсодержащие полимеры. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективное снижение численности популяции и/или предотвращений накопления организмов на изделиях. 4 н.и 24 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 33 пр.

СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗИРОВАНИЯ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЯ И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Изобретение предназначено для охраны окружающей среды и может быть использовано при очистке питьевой воды, водных отходов и стоков в месте, близком к месту выработки феррата. В смешивающей камере 103 смешивают водный раствор, содержащий соль железа, и окисляющий агент, подаваемые из первого и второго резервуаров 101. Получают первую смесь и подают ее в реакционную камеру 105, приспособленную для приема и удерживания первой смеси до тех пор, пока концентрация феррата не достигнет заданного уровня. Феррат вырабатывают в реакционной камере 105 непрерывно. По меньшей мере часть полученного феррата доставляют к месту использования, находящемуся рядом с реакционной камерой 105. Смешивающая камера 103 содержит устройство управления температурой и клапан 111 управления потоком. Реакционная камера 105 содержит управляемое выходное отверстие 115. При контакте феррата с водной смесью в месте использования, по меньшей мере, часть загрязнений окисляется или коагулируется. Способ и устройство просты, ...

ГЕТЕРОПОЛИОКСОМЕТАЛЛАТЫ

Изобретение относится к применению гетерополиоксометаллата формулы (I), (II) или (III)илив которой Z выбран из группы, включающей Мо или W, q=0, 1, 2 или 3, и А выбран из числа одного или большего количества катионов и содержит по меньшей мере один катион, выбранный из группы, включающей четвертичные аммониевые катионы, четвертичные фосфониевые катионы и третичные сульфониевые катионы, для придания по меньшей мере части подложки или поверхности подложки, или покрытию дезинфицирующих, самодезинфицирующих и противомикробных характеристик. Также предложены гетерополиоксометаллат и подложка, поверхностный слой, краска или покрытие, содержащее гетерополиоксометаллат. Гетерополиоксометаллат формулы (I), (II) или (III) обладает превосходной противомикробной активностью, что позволяет применять его для предотвращения микробиологического загрязнения. 3 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл., 7 пр.

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ПРОЯВЛЯЮЩИЕ СИНЕРГИЮ ПРИ КОНТРОЛЕ БИОПЛЕНОК

Группа изобретений относится к контролю микроорганизмов в промышленных технологических водах и может быть использована для контроля и удаления биопленки с поверхности при контактировании с водной промышленной системой. Предложен способ контроля и удаления биопленки с поверхности, контактирующей с промышленными технологическими водами, включающий получение композиции, состоящей из полиэтиленимина (PEI), биоцида, который выбирают из группы, состоящей из монохлорамина, дихлорамина или их комбинации, и воды, и добавление указанной композиции в промышленные технологические воды. При этом концентрация PEI находиться в интервале от 1 до 200 мг/л в расчете на количество воды, предназначенной для обработки, а концентрация биоцида находится в интервале от 1,0 до 15 мг/л в виде Cl2 в расчете на миллиграмм биоцида в литре воды, предназначенной для обработки. Массовое соотношение биоцида и PEI в составе композиции составляет от 1:1 до 1:80. Предложена также композиция для контроля и удаления биопленки ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВЫРАБОТКИ СВЕРХЧИСТОЙ ВОДЫ

Изобретение относится к устройству для очистки воды по принципу обратного осмоса. Устройство для выработки сверхчистой воды по принципу обратного осмоса содержит фильтр обратного осмоса, который мембраной обратного осмоса разделен на первичную камеру и вторичную камеру, первичный контур, через который к первичной камере подводится сырая вода и из нее отводится концентрат, а также вторичный контур для подвода пермеата по меньшей мере к одному потребителю, предпочтительно аппарату для диализа. В трубопровод первичного контура встроен насос, а в трубопровод концентрата первичного контура встроен клапан со сливом. В или на первичном контуре и/или вторичном контуре расположено устройство для регистрации органических и/или неорганических отложений, соединенное с устройством обработки данных, а во вторичный контур встроен эластичный, способный расширяться буферный сосуд, приспособленный для выполнения обратной промывки мембраны пермеатом. Устройство для регистрации органических и/или неорганических ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ УМЯГЧЕНИЯ ВОДЫ ОБРАТНЫМ ОСМОСОМ

Изобретение относится к устройствам для очистки воды по принципу обратного осмоса и может быть использовано для приготовления диализирующей жидкости. Устройство для выработки высокочистой воды по принципу обратного осмоса содержит фильтр обратного осмоса, который посредством мембраны обратного осмоса разделен на первичную камеру и вторичную камеру, и насос, который прокачивает жидкость через первичную камеру, а также расположенное выше по потоку от мембраны обратного осмоса, необходимое для создания давления в первичной камере гидравлическое сопротивление. В первичном контуре находятся по меньшей мере одна камера очистки с устройствами для умягчения воды и сливной клапан, причем поток жидкости в первичном контуре регулируется с помощью клапана и первичный контур выполнен с возможностью промывки его объема по типу подтопления путем открывания клапанов. Технический результат - увеличение эффективности очистки и снижение энергозатрат. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 11 ил.

ПРОЦЕСС ДЛЯ ИНГИБИРОВАНИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА НА ПИТАЕМОМ САМОТЕКОМ ДИСКОВОМ ФИЛЬТРЕ

... 1. Способ для обработки воды вращающимся дисковым фильтром, имеющим фильтрующие материалы, и обратной промывки фильтрующих материалов и ингибирования биозагрязнения фильтрующих материалов путем использования интегрированной системы для нанесения промывочной воды и биоцида на фильтрующие материалы, включающийнаправление воды во вращающийся барабан, формирующий часть вращающегося дискового фильтра, который содержит множество дискообразных фильтрующих элементов, смонтированных на вращающемся барабане; причем дискообразные фильтрующие элементы включают фильтрующие материалы для фильтрования воды;обеспечение напора воды с тем, чтобы заставить воду течь из барабана в дискообразные фильтрующие элементы и из фильтрующих материалов, чтобы получить фильтрат;перекачку промывочной воды из линии подачи промывочной воды и приложение давления к промывочной воде, чтобы получить промывочную воду под давлением, причем для перекачки промывочной воды используют промывочный насос;направление биоцида из резервуара ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ОБЕСПЕЧИВАЮЩИЕ СИНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ПРИ БОРЬБЕ С БИОПЛЕНКОЙ

ПОКРЫТЫЙ ПЛОСКИЙ ПОЛИМЕРНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ СКЛОННОСТЬЮ К ОБРАСТАНИЮ ВОДОРОСЛЯМИ, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОТОЧНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Плоский полимерный материал с ограниченной склонностью к обрастанию водорослями, содержащий:a) в качестве основы термопластичную полимерную подложку иb) находящееся на основе фотокаталитически активное покрытие, включающее:- водораспределяющий слой, которым являетсяслой b1+2) золя и промотора адгезии, содержащий промотор адгезии и коллоидный золь,илислой b2) коллоидного золя, упорядоченный на слое b1) промотора адгезии, нанесенном на основу а),и- упорядоченный на водораспределяющем слое b1+2) или b2) фотокаталитически активный слой b3), который может быть получен путем нанесения и сушки смеси, содержащей, в пересчете на содержание в ней твердого вещества,b31) от 1 до 25% масс. диоксида титана иb32) от 75 до 99% масс. диоксида кремния и/или нерастворимого в воде оксида металла или анионно модифицированного диоксида кремния или оксида металла;причем диоксид титана обладает формой частиц со средним размером первичных частиц менее 10 нм.2. Плоский полимерный материал по п.1, отличающийся ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ВЫРАБОТКИ СВЕРХЧИСТОЙ ВОДЫ

... 1. Устройство для выработки сверхчистой воды по принципу обратного осмоса с фильтром обратного осмоса, который мембраной обратного осмоса разделен на первичную камеру и вторичную камеру, с первичный контуром, через который к первичной камере подводится сырая вода и из нее отводится концентрат, а также вторичным контуром для подвода пермеата по меньшей мере к одному потребителю, предпочтительно аппарату для диализа,отличающееся тем, чтов или на первичном контуре (1, 4, 5, 9, 17, 18) и/или вторичном контуре (8, 15, 16) расположено устройство для регистрации органических и/или неорганических отложений, которое соединено с устройством обработки данных.2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что устройство обработки данных соединено с устройством индикации измеряемых значений.3. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что устройство обработки данных при достижении или превышении предварительно заданного граничного измеряемого значения выдает предупредительный сигнал.4. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся ...

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ УМЯГЧЕНИЯ ВОДЫ ОБРАТНЫМ ОСМОСОМ

... 1. Устройство для выработки высокочистой воды по принципу обратного осмоса с фильтром обратного осмоса, который посредством мембраны обратного осмоса разделен на первичную камеру и вторичную камеру, и насосом, который прокачивает жидкость через первичную камеру, а также расположенным выше по потоку от мембраны обратного осмоса, необходимым для создания давления в первичной камере гидравлическим сопротивлением, отличающееся тем, что в первичном контуре (1, 4, 5, 9, 17, 18) находятся по меньшей мере одна камера (21) очистки с устройствами для умягчения воды и сливной клапан (26), и что поток жидкости в первичном контуре является регулируемым с помощью клапана (20).2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что камера (21) очистки имеет емкостные и/или электромагнитные устройства.3. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что объем в первичном контуре выполнен с возможностью промывки по типу подтопления путем открывания клапанов (20, 26).4. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что часть потока первичного ...

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ IN SITU ГАЗОСЕПАРАТОРА В АНАЭРОБНОМ БИОРЕАКТОРЕ

СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ОБРАСТАНИЕМ

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И СПОСОБ, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННЫЕ ДЛЯ ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ МИКРОБНОЙ АДГЕЗИИ НА ПОВЕРХНОСТЯХ

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДЫ И ВОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ В ТРУБОПРОВОДАХ ДИОКСИДОМ ХЛОРА

... 1. Способ обработки воды и водных систем в трубопроводах диоксидом хлора (ClO), отличающийся тем, что:а. реакционный объем, в котором получают диоксид хлора, полностью окружен подлежащей обработке системой,b. окружающая реакционный объем система одновременно является подлежащей обработке системой,с. реакционный объем является элементом мобильного устройства, которое можно вводить в трубопровод, в котором находится подлежащая обработке система, и удалять из указанного трубопровода с подлежащей обработке системой независимо от давления в нем,d. после использования мобильного устройства реакционный объем находится в трубопроводе с подлежащей обработке системой,е. полученный в реакционном объеме диоксид хлора поступает в находящуюся в трубопроводе подлежащую обработке систему.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что реакционный объем является реактором.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что реактор является трубчатым реактором.4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что время взаимодействия реагентов ...

ЗАЩИЩЕННЫЕ АНТИМИКРОБНЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННЫЕ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ ВЫСОКОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ

... 1. Способ контроля микроорганизмов в водной или содержащей воду системе, которая имеет температуру по меньшей мере 40°C, заключающийся в том, что приводят в контакт водную или содержащую воду систему с защищенным антимикробным соединением формулы I:,в которой Rобозначает C-Cалкил; иRобозначает H или группу формулы:,в которой L обозначает связь или н-пропилен.2. Способ по п.1, в котором Rобозначает:.3. Способ по п.2, в котором L обозначает н-пропилен (-CHCHCH-).4. Способ по п.1, в котором Rв каждом случае обозначает C-Cалкил.5. Способ по п.1, в котором соединение формулы I представляет собой: N-метиленметанаминоксид; N-метиленэтанаминоксид; N-метиленпропиламиноксид; N-метиленизопропиламиноксид; N-метилен-трет-бутиламиноксид; N,N′-(пентан-1,5-диилиден)бис(метанаминоксид); N,N′-(пентан-1,5-диилиден)бис(этанаминоксид); N,N′-(пентан-1,5-диилиден)бис(пропиламиноксид); N,N′-(пентан-1,5-диилиден)бис(пропан-2-аминоксид); N,N′-(пентан-1,5-диилиден)бис(2-метилпропан-2-аминоксид); N,N′-(этан-1,2-диилиден ...

Zirkulationseinrichtung für Trink- oder Betriebswasser und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Trink- oder Betriebswasser

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zirkulationseinrichtung für Trink- oder Betriebswasser mit einem Speicherbehälter (1), einer mit dem Speicherbehälter (1) in Verbindung stehenden Zirkulationsleitung (2), einer mit dem Speicherbehälter (1) in Verbindung stehenden Wasserbehandlungseinrichtung (8) zur Behandlung des Trink- oder Betriebswasser, und einer Zirkulationspumpe (3) zur Umwälzung des Wassers in der Zirkulationsleitung (2). Um eine unkontrollierte und gesundheitsschädliche Vermehrung von pathogenen Mikroorganismen, insbesondere von Legionellen, in der Zirkulationseinrichtung auf energiesparende Weise und möglichst zuverlässig zu verhindern und um das Erzeugen von Warmwasser in der Zirkulationseinrichtung mittels regenerativer Energiequellen effizienter auszugestalten ist nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Zirkulationsleitung (2) mit einer in Bezug auf die Zirkulationsleitung (2) örtlich begrenzten Senke (4) gekoppelt ist, durch die wenigstens ein Teil des in der Zirkulationsleitung ...

Inhibition of sensor biofouling

Water treatment methods and systems

Undergravel filter for an aquarium

Cooling process

Method of treating cooling tower water

FILTRATION

To remove solids from a liquid such as sea water, the liquid is pumped into a membrane filter module, which may be of the cross-flow type, a pulsating flow being imposed on the liquid upstream of the filter by means of a rotating ball valve in series with a centrifugal pump, thereby reducing clogging of the filter membrane. The effect may be enhanced by providing the membrane with a grooved upstream surface, inducing local vortex mixing. Sea water so filtered may be deaerated and then pumped into oil-bearing rocks to displace the oil. ...

Water purification

An improved seawater suction system

A seawater suction system is provided comprising first and second conduits connected to one another so as to form an internal fluid passage allowing fluid communication between the two conduits, wherein the first conduit is formed from at least two layers of a first material and the second conduit is formed from a single layer of a second material which is different from the first material. The suction system may include a strainer 118 having at least first and second strainer elements 126, 128,130 having respective outlets 132,134,136 which together form a combined outlet interface fluidly coupled to the conduit.

Inhibition of sensor biofouling

Fluid treatment apparatus

Plant waste water treatment method and treatment system

Underwater water treatment unit and method for cleaning said unit

Plant waste water treatment method and treatment system

Plant waste water treatment method and treatment system

Inhibitor compositions.

Underwater water treatment unit and method for cleaning said unit

TABLETTE

SYNERGISTIC BIOCIDES MIXTURES

WATER TREATMENT AS A CHECK OF BIOFOULING OF MEANS OF STABILIZATION BROMINE SOLUTIONS

SEPARATION PROCESS

RADIAL CURRENT DIAPHRAGM BIO FILM REACTOR

PROCEDURE FOR THE INHIBITION OF ORGANIC DEPOSITS DURING THE PULPE AND PAPER TRADE

Improved system for aerating a submerged membrane

The present invention describes a system for aerating a submerged membrane. The system comprises: a device for supplying pressurized air; at least one aeration orifice for the submerged membrane; a duct for feeding air from the air supplying device to the at least one aeration orifice; a first valve for opening or closing an orifice between the duct and the ambient air; a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure in the duct. The system is configured to effect at least one iteration of an operation of evacuating solid matter from the duct, said evacuation comprising at least: the stopping of the supply of pressurized air into the duct and the opening of the first valve, causing a lowering of the pressure and penetration of liquid into the duct; the closing of the first valve and the resumption of the supply of pressurized air into the duct, causing a rise in the pressure and expulsion of liquid from the duct through the at least one aeration orifice. The system is characterized ...

A light emitting device, comprising light emitting units being arranged in a plane filling pattern

A light emitting device (1) is provided that can be used in various contexts, including the context of realizing an anti-fouling action on surfaces. The light emitting device (1) comprises light emitting units (10) being arranged in a plane filling pattern (20) for covering at least a substantial portion of a surface. Individual light emitting units (10) are electrically interconnected through connection areas (12, 13) as present on the light emitting units (10) for providing electrical access to an internal electrical circuit (11) thereof, wherein the light emitting units (10) overlap at the positions of at least portions of the connection areas (12, 13) thereof. Further, it may be so that at least one of the connection areas (12, 13) of the individual light emitting units (10) is electrically connected simultaneously to respective connection areas (12, 13) of at least two other light emitting units (10).

Compositions exhibiting synergy in biofilm control

A method of controlling and removing biofilm on a surface in contact with an aqueous industrial system comprising the step of adding an effective amount of biofilm-disrupting agent and adding a biocide to the aqueous system being treated to reduce and remove biofilm forming microbes from a surface in contact with the aqueous system is disclosed. A synergistic biocidal composition is also disclosed.

Solar-powered continuous distillation assembly having efficient heat recovery

The invention relates to a distillation assembly (1) which, with the aid of solar energy (2), continuously evaporates a feed liquor (4). Said distillation assembly (1) comprises: a container (3) which contains the feed liquor (4), a container (5) in which the distillate (6) is collected, these containers (3, 5) being in thermal contact, and a compressor (7). The compressor (7) compresses the vapour which is produced by boiling the feed liquor (4) using the concentration of solar energy (2) and/or using negative pressure, into the distillate container (5) such that the vapour condenses there, and the evaporation enthalpy and thermal energy is returned to the feed liquor (4) by the thermal contact.

System for anti-biofouling

The invention provides an anti-fouling lighting system (1) configured for preventing or reducing biofouling on a fouling surface (1201) of an object (1200), by providing an anti-fouling light (211) via an optical medium (220) to said fouling surface (1201), the anti-fouling lighting (1) system comprising: (a) a lighting module (200) comprising (i) a light source (210) configured to generate an anti-fouling light (211), and (ii) said optical medium (220) configured to receive at least part of the anti-fouling light (211), the optical medium (220) comprising an emission surface (222) configured to provide at least part of said anti-fouling light (211); and (b) a control system (300) configured to control an intensity of the anti-fouling light (211) as function of one or more of (i) a feedback signal related to a biofouling risk and (ii) a timer for time-based varying the intensity of the anti fouling light (211). Fig. 5a WO 2016/001227 PCT/EP2015/064851 21/-- 1~ 5 230 0-1-210 h FIG. 5a 100 ...

DISINFECTION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

Methods of synthesizing an oxidant and applications thereof

Compositions and methods to control the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems

Method for the removing and reducing scaling

The invention relates to improved elimination of scale in processing systems. The method removes existing scale while also eliminating buildup. The invention relates to phosphate and sulfate scale. The invention further allows for improved anti-scaling without the need to make any pH adjustments. The method provides all factor listed while in no way compromises the integrity of membranes that may be used in the system.

Additive used in a membrane-separation activated sludge process

In order to provide a means that can process organic wastewater via a membrane-separation activated sludge process that is stable over a long period of time, by reducing the quantity of biological polymers that can cause permeability problems, an additive is provided that is added to the activated sludge when treating organic wastewater via a membrane-separation activated sludge process. Said additive contains microorganisms that decompose polysaccharides.

System and method for detecting biofilm growth in water systems

A system and method for monitoring or detecting a level of biofilm growth in a fluid system and controlling operating parameters of the fluid system based a measured level of growth. The monitoring system and method comprises a dye injection system for periodically injecting dye into a portion of fluid from the fluid system, passing the portion of fluid though a narrow lumen tube to achieve laminar flow and using a light source and optical sensor to detect a transmission or emission indicating a level of biofilm growth in the tube corresponding to a level of growth on components in the fluid system. Information based upon the measurements or calculations made by the monitoring system may be used to manually or automatically alter various operating parameters to control the fluid system and aid in maintaining stable operation of the fluid system within preferred specifications.

System and method for detecting biofilm growth in water systems

A system and method for monitoring or detecting a level of biofilm growth in a fluid system and controlling operating parameters of the fluid system based a measured level of growth. The monitoring system and method comprises a dye injection system for periodically injecting dye into a portion of fluid from the fluid system, passing the portion of fluid though a narrow lumen tube to achieve laminar flow and using a light source and optical sensor to detect a transmission or emission indicating a level of biofilm growth in the tube corresponding to a level of growth on components in the fluid system. Information based upon the measurements or calculations made by the monitoring system may be used to manually or automatically alter various operating parameters to control the fluid system and aid in maintaining stable operation of the fluid system within preferred specifications.

Method for treating water and aqueous systems in pipelines with chlorine dioxide

Non-fouling, anti-microbial, anti-thrombogenic graft-from compositions

Substrates, optionally coated with an undercoating layer, having grafted there from one or more non-fouling materials are described herein. The non-fouling, polymeric material can be grafted from a variety of substrate materials, particularly polymeric substrates and/or polymeric undercoating layers. The graft-from techniques described herein can result in higher surface densities of the non-fouling material relative to graft-to formulations. Graft-from methods can be used to produce covalently tethered polymers. The compositions described herein are highly resistant protein absorption, particularly in complex media and retain a high degree of non-fouling activity over long periods of time. The compositions described herein may also demonstrate antimicrobial and/or anti-thrombogenic activity. The non-fouling material can be grafted from the substrate, or optionally from an undercoating layer on the substrate, preferably without significantly affecting the mechanical and/or physical properties ...

System and method for cleaning and sterilizing a water flow

The invention relates to a system for cleaning and sterilizing a water flow. The system comprises a main treatment line (1) with a pump (56) to pump water from a water storage, a main filter (8), a sterilizing station (20) and a system outlet (30). The main filter is provided with a first filter element and a backflush member to rinse the first filter element with backflush water. The secondary treatment line connects to an outlet (17) of the backflush member, and has a backflush filter to remove silt from the backflush water. The main filter (8) is designed such that the pressure difference over the first filter element is at least 0.1 bar (10 kPa) and the backflush filter is designed such that the pressure difference over the backflush filter element is less than 0.05 bar (5 kPa).

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

An automatic, self-regulating method of water treatment for use in water circulating towers in which water is evaporated, and make up water is added, with components which synergistically function to cut chemical, energy, water, corrosion, pollution, and maintenance costs, by passing the water through a Water Conditioning unit to prevent adhering evaporation scale deposits along with their content of concentrated biofouling nutrients from forming on the flooded surfaces of the tower and its associated water flow circuit ,adding. a trace level of iodine to the input make-up water to enhance the further disinfection of nutrient-deprived surfaces from any residual biofilm and chance pathogen contaminations, and adding a trace level addition of zinc ions in the water such as by an assured treatment feeder to the input make-up flow for inhibiting residual iodine-resistant algal and bacterial organisms of hazard for restoring bionutrient tower conditions, such as within sun-lit environments, ...

CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF PEROXY SALTS

Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used togeher to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidati on activity, better than that obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amou nt of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the dest ruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS

An apparatus for an ozone-based treatment of polluted water is disclosed. The apparatus generally comprises three stages. The first stage is an ozone treatment stage wherein the polluted water is treated with ozone gas. The second stage is a degassing stage wherein excess undissolved gases are removed from the water whereby the water exiting the degassing stage is essentially saturated with gases. The last stage of the apparatus is a membrane filtration stage wherein the gas-saturated water generally undergoes micro--filtration or ultra-filtration. Microbubbles formed during this final stage generally prevent the accumulation of particles and pollutants on the surface of the membranes and/or inside the openings or pores thereof; thereby acting as a self-cleaning mechanism for the membrane filter.

WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems, apparatus and methods are described that control and manage wastewater collection and treatment. One or more sensors monitor and measure levels of contaminants, other chemicals and or environmental conditions in a well of a collection station and/or in inflow and/or outflow mains. An additive that can include one or more of ozone, oxygen, a bioagent, bleach, peroxide and other chemicals, and selected to treat chemicals and/or contaminants in wastewater, can be mixed with waste water in the well and the main. A dispersion assembly deployed within the collection station is adapted to mix and spray the waste water and additive onto a wall of the well or surface of a body of wastewater in the well. A processor configured to control the rate at which the additive is provided to the dispersion assembly or force main based on measurements of contaminants received from the first and second sensors.

USE OF CONTROL MATRIX FOR COOLING WATER SYSTEMS CONTROL

Described and claimed is a method of controlling a cooling water system in which control is based on information from a control Matrix applicable to the specific operating parameters of said cooling water system comprising: (i) providing a suitable fluorometer, sufficient analytical devices and a suitable controller; (ii) programming said suitable fluorometer and controller using planning information from a control Matrix for cooling water systems being treated with treatment programs selected from the group consisting of: (a) stabilized phosphate, (b) zinc, and (c) all organic; (iii) using said fluorometer and sufficient analytical devices to determine the status of system factors; (iv) determining the pattern of changes in the readings from step (iii) over time; (v) comparing the changes in readings in steps (iii) and (iv), with the information listed in the control Matrix to determine what corrective action(s) is recommended; and (vi) using said controller to automatically implement ...

MEMBRANE SUPPORTED BIOFILM REACTOR FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Gas permeable hollow fibres are made into a fabric sheet and potted between headers to form a module, The module maybe used to support and supply gases to a biofilm growing in a substrate of wastewater.

AUTOCYCLE CONTROL OF COOLING WATER SYSTEMS

COMPOSITION, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR TREATING WATER SYSTEMS

A composition for treating a water system or membrane fluid system, such as a reverse osmosis system, to remove scale, microorganisms and biofilm, and corrosion by-products. The composition comprises chelating agents and a surfactant. The composition may be a solid dissolved by water or solvent in the system being treated or may be a pre-mixed foam or aerosol. A method for using such a treatment composition comprises contacting the treatment composition with substantially all parts of the water system and draining the treatment composition from the system before resuming normal operations. For certain systems, the method also comprises draining some existing water in the water system to remove prior treatment compositions and filling or rinsing the system with fresh water prior to adding the treatment composition.

PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR MONITORING RO AND NF MEMBRANES

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant comprising ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes, the system including one or more UF skids comprising a plurality of UF units, each UF unit containing therein a plurality of UF membranes; one or more RO/NF skids comprising one or more RO/NF arrays, wherein each of the one or more RO/NF arrays comprises a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes; or a combination thereof; UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors; and a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICROBIOLOGICALLY CONTROLLED FLUID

A method and a system (10a) comprising an integrated water purifying apparatus (110) with a pre-filter circuit (402) including a particle filter and an activated carbon filter arranged to produce pre-treated water; a fluid circuit (404) arranged to receive pre-treated water from the pre-filter circuit (402), the fluid circuit (404) includes an RO-pump (450) and a Reverse Osmosis, RO, device, (301) arranged to produce purified water; a heating device (302) arranged to heat purified water from the RO device (301) to a temperature above 65 °C; the water purifying apparatus (110) is further arranged to heat disinfect the fluid circuit (404) using the heated purified water. The system (1) further comprises a line set (40) connected to the purified water outlet connector (128) at a water line connector (68) of the line set (40), wherein the line set (40) includes at least one sterile sterilizing grade filter (70a, 70b) arranged to filter the purified water into sterile purified water.

TRANSITIONAL METAL OXIDE NANOCRYSTAL-COATED MESOPOROUS MICROSTRUCTURES, USES THEREFOR, AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING SAME

Transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures, uses therefor, and processes for making same are provided. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be silica based, including MCM-41, MCM-45, MCM-48, SBA-15 and SBA-16. The microstructures can include microspheres. The mesoporous microstructures can be produced using a sol-gel process wherein the crystallization step in the sol-gel process is carried out at a low temperature, where the temperature can be 22°C for example. The metal oxide can be titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide can include titanium dioxide nanocrystals. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be used in environmental applications, such as nanofiltration of contaminated water to remove pollutants.

PULSE RESONATING DEVICE

A fluid treatment device including a source of electrical voltage having a first and second terminal, a pulse generator connected to the first terminal and the second terminal and outputting a pulsed voltage wave signal between a third terminal and a fourth terminal, at least one coil positioned adjacent at least one fluid conduit, being electrically connected to the third and fourth terminals and at least one capacitor also being electrically connected to the third and fourth terminals to form a first circuit with an inductance L, a capacitance C and a resonant frequency. The pulse generator is arranged to generate a pulsed voltage wave with a frequency approximately equal to the resonant frequency. A further circuit element is arranged to cause the voltage pulse reaching the coil to repeatedly, alternate between a period of pulsed voltage at the frequency and a period of zero voltage, with each period extending for a time in a range of approximately 2 to 33 milliseconds.

SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UV RADIATION IN AQUATIC APPLICATIONS

The invention provides an object (10) that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object (10) further comprising an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an UV emitting element (210), wherein the UV emitting element (210) is configured to irradiate with UV radiation (221) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part (111) of an external surface (11) of said object (10) and (ii) water adjacent to said part (111) of said external surface (11), wherein the light source (220) is at least controllable between a first UV radiation level and a second UV radiation level, wherein the first UV radiation level is larger than the second UV radiation level, wherein the object (10) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel (1) and an infrastructural object (15), wherein the object (10) further comprises a control system (300) configured to control said UV radiation (221) as function of input information comprising information of one or more of (i) a location of the object ...

RECYCLED WATER AND SOLIDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A method and device for treating spent wash water produced in operations such as heavy truck washing that includes hydraulic classification to remove fine sand and smaller particles from water such that up flow velocity of water plus solids in the classifier cause particulate solids to be retained in the classifier which promotes their agglomeration into larger particle sizes for easier subsequent removal for dewatering and disposal.

ADJUSTABLE VARIABLE BUBBLE SIZE AERATION FOR SUBMERGED MEMBRANE AIR SCOUR

In a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR or SMU), diffusers are used to eject air bubbles, primarily to facilitate the movement of mixed liquor past the membrane surfaces, cleaning and scouring the surfaces of the membranes with the mechanical energy of the combined air/liquid/solids movement. Oxygen transfer from the bubbles into the mixed liquor is often a secondary goal, for supplying oxygen to biological processes. The invention involves the use of a specific bubble diffuser, oriented at a selected upward angle to enable a single style diffuser to accomplish simultaneous generation of mid-size and fine bubble aeration, with adjustment of the tilt angle varying the percentages of mid-size and fine bubble aeration. The angle selection, along with the number of diffusers and air volume selected, allows achievement of target liquid movement through the MBR.

CONOTOXIN PEPTIDES FOR USE IN BIOFOULING DETERRENCE

Materials and methods for prevention of biofouling are described that incorporate the presence of a conotoxin peptide on a surface. The conotoxin peptide is either directly or indirectly adhered to the surface and interferes with the ability of biofouling organisms to settle on the surface.

SYSTEM FOR ANTI-BIOFOULING

Anti-fouling lighting system (1) for preventing or reducing bio fouling on a fouling surface (1201) of an object (1200), by providing an anti-fouling light (211) via an optical medium (220) to said fouling surface, the anti-fouling lighting (1) system comprising: (a) a lighting module (200) comprising (i) a light source (210) configured to generate an anti-fouling light (211), and (ii) said optical medium (220) configured to receive at least part of the anti-fouling light (211), the optical medium (220) comprising an emission surface (222) configured to provide at least part of said anti-fouling light (211); and (b) a control system (300) configured to control an intensity of the anti-fouling light (211) as function of one or more of (i) a feedback signal related to a biofouling risk and (ii) a timer for time-based varying the intensity of the anti-fouling light (211).

MODULE, REACTOR, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATING WATER

The present disclosure provides a water treatment module, a bioreactor comprising one or more of such modules and a receptive water treatment system. Also provided herein is a method making use of the above module, bioreactor and system. The water treatment module comprises (i) at least one elongated gas enclosure comprising a gas inlet and two vertical walls, at least one vertical wall comprising a water-impermeable and gas-permeable membrane having a water-facing side and a gas- facing side, the two vertical walls separating between water external to said enclosure and gas within said enclosure, the gas enclosure being in a rolled or folded configuration to thereby define a convoluted horizontal path and one or more water- treatment spaces formed between opposite water facing sides of the enclosure; and (ii) a diffuser arrangement comprising gas diffusers configured for introducing a stream of gas into the one or more water treatment spaces.

SUSPENDED MEDIA GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON MEMBRANE BIOLOGICAL REACTOR SYSTEM AND PROCESS

A system and process for treating an industrial wastewater stream is provided using a membrane biological reactor in which granular activated carbon material is introduced into an aeration portion and maintained upstream of a membrane operating system. The size of the granules of activated carbon is selected so that they can be screened or otherwise readily separated from the mixed liquor stream before the mixed liquor enters the membrane operating system tank(s) containing the submerged membranes, thereby preventing abrasion of the membrane by the carbon granules. The aeration portion includes a waste discharge port whereby a portion of spent granular activated carbon can be removed when the effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand compounds approaches limits typically set by governmental agencies, and replaced by addition of fresh or regenerated granular activated carbon having greater adsorbent capacity.

TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Low strength wastewater such as municipal sewage is treated using an anaerobic digester. In some examples, a wastewater stream is separated into a solids rich portion and a solids lean portion. The solids lean portion is treated, for example to remove nitrogen. The solids rich portion is treated in an anaerobic digester, preferably with influent or recuperative thickening. In another example, the wastewater stream is fed to an anaerobic digester and solid-liquid separation stages downstream of the digester return active bacteria and undigested organics to the digester. Both cases may use a process train comprising treatment in an anoxic tank followed by a ntiritation tank with a portion of the effluent from the nitritation tank recirculated to the anoxic tank to provide nitritation and denitritation.

COATED SHEET-LIKE PLASTIC MATERIAL WITH REDUCED TENDENCY TO COLONIZATION BY ALGAE, PROCESS FOR THE IN-LINE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE

Coated sheet-like plastic material comprising a) as base body a thermoplastic substrate; and b) on the base body a photocatalytically active coating comprising - a water-spreading layer, which is either a sol adhesion-promoter layer b1+2), comprising an adhesion promoter and a colloidal sol, or a colloidal sol layer b2), which is arranged on an adhesion-promoter layer b1) applied to the substrate a), and - a photocatalytically active layer b3), which is arranged on the water-spreading layer b1+2) or b2) and can be obtained by applying and drying a mixture comprising in % by weight, based on the solids content of the mixture, b31) 1 to 25% titanium dioxide and b32) 75 to 99% silicon dioxide and/or a water-insoluble metal oxide or an anionically modified silicon dioxide or metal oxide; wherein the titanium dioxide is particulate, with a mean particle size of the primary particles of less than 10 nm. In-line process for the production thereof and use as roofing and glazing material, preferably ...

METHODS FOR MONITORING THE FORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF AN ACIDIZING FLUID USING OPTICOANALYTICAL DEVICES

In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoana!ytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. Fluids can be monitored prior to or during their introduction into a subterranean formation using the opticoanalytical devices. Produced fluids from a subterranean formation can be monitored in a like manner. The methods can comprise providing at least one acid; combining the at least one acid with a base fluid to form an acidizing fluid; and monitoring a characteristic of the acidizing fluid using a first opticoanalytical device that is in optical communication with a flow pathway for transporting the acidizing fluid.

BEVERAGE MANUFACTURE, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND DISPENSING USING ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED WATER

... ²² A system using electrochemically-activated water (ECAW) for manufacturing, ²processing, packaging, and dispensing beverages including: (a) using ECAW to ²neutralize incompatible residues when transitioning from the production of one ²²beverage to another; (b) using ECAW to rehabilitate and disinfect granular ²activated ²charcoal beds used in the feed water purification system; (c) producing a ²carbonated ²ECAW product and using the carbonated ECAW for system cleaning or ²disinfecting; ²(d) using ECAW solutions in the beverage facility clean-in-place system to ²achieve ²improved microbial control while greatly reducing water usage and reducing or ²eliminating the use of chemical detergents and disinfectants; (e) further ²reducing ²biofilm growth in the processing system, and purifying ingredient water ²without the ²use of chlorine, by adding an ECAW anolyte to the water ingredient feed ²stream; ²and/or (1) washing the beverage product bottles or other packages with one or ²more ²ECAW ...

USE OF PERACETIC ACID/HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND PEROXIDE-REDUCING AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF DRILLING FLUIDS, FRAC FLUIDS, FLOWBACK WATER AND DISPOSAL WATER

Methods for the use of peracid compositions having decreased hydrogen peroxide concentration for various water treatments, including oil- and gas-field operations, and/or other aseptic treatments are disclosed. In numerous aspects, peracetic acid is the preferred peracid and is treated with a peroxide-reducing agent to substantially reduce the hydrogen peroxide content. Methods for using the treated peracid compositions for treatment of drilling fluids, frac fluids, flow back waters and disposal waters are also disclosed for improving water condition, reducing oxidizing damage associated with hydrogen peroxide and/or reducing bacteria infestation.

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING ORGANIC CONTAMINANT DEPOSITION IN PULP AND PAPERMAKING SYSTEMS

Compositions and methods for inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants from pulp in pulp and papermaking systems are disclosed. The methods add to the pulp or to the deposition prone surface of the papermaking systems a composition comprising a dinonyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactant which is used in systems containing multivalent cations, preferably calcium ions. The methods also utilize a blend of dioctyl sulfosuccinate and didecyl sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants.

Preventing deposits in drainage systems, comprises intermittently adding a biodegradable conditioning agent to water of the drainage system, which partially prevents and/or degrades precipitation-related organic and/or inorganic deposits

Preventing deposits in drainage systems of underground work, comprises intermittently adding a biodegradable conditioning agent to the water of the drainage system, which at least partially prevents and/or degrades precipitation-related organic and/or inorganic deposits, where the conditioning agent is added at intervals and in a subsequent second time interval no conditioning agent is added.

Device of filtration and aeration for the water treatment reflue.

È descritto un dispositivo di aerazione e filtrazione per il trattamento di acque reflue (1), comprendente un eiettore (4) atto a miscelare gas e liquido, una vasca di ossidazione (5) atta a contenere una soluzione di acqua reflua e fango biologico (5´), un mezzo di filtrazione (2), una tubazione (3) atta al trasporto della soluzione di acqua reflua e fango biologico (5´) dalla vasca di ossidazione (5) al mezzo di filtrazione (2), dove che la tubazione (3) è collegata alleiettore (4) in modo tale da introdurre allinterno della tubazione (3) una turbolenza, inoltre il mezzo di filtrazione è munito di una membrana avente dei micropori.

New method for preventing the formation of biofilm and algae.

Eine neue und einzigartige Methode umfasst eine anwuchsverhindernde Anordnung auf Ultraschallbasis für eine aquatische Struktur oder Oberfläche. Die Methode reduziert Bewuchs an Unterwasserstrukturen durch die Verwendung von akustischer Vibration/Kavitation, um die Anhaftung von Algen und einzelligen Organismen zu zerstören, zu denaturieren und zu verhindern. Die anwuchsverhindernde Anordnung besteht aus einem oder mehreren Ultraschallaktoren, die jeweils mechanisch/akustisch mit einem Draht oder einem Rohr aus Metall in Form einer sehr flexiblen und schlanken Stange oder eines Rohrs verbunden sind, die/das als Antenne/Strahler oder Sender wirkt. Dies ermöglicht die Anordnung einer solchen Vorrichtung in der Nähe einer zu schützenden Struktur oder Oberfläche, jedoch ohne dass eine akustische Kopplung oder Verbindung mit der zu schützenden Struktur oder Oberfläche erforderlich ist. Jeder Draht oder jedes Rohr kann unterschiedliche Durchmesser und Längen haben, was dann die spezifische Emissionsleistung ...

METHOD OF TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED WATER BY MEANS OF ADSORPTION AND NANOFILTRATION

МЕМБРАННАЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕАКТОРНАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ СУСПЕНДИРОВАННОГО ГРАНУЛИРОВАННОГО АКТИВИРОВАННОГО УГЛЯ

В изобретении предложены система и способ очистки промышленных сточных вод с использованием мембранного биологического реактора, в котором материал гранулированного активированного угля помещают в аэрируемый блок и удерживают по потоку выше мембраной системы. Размер гранул активированного угля выбирают так, чтобы они могли быть отсеяны или иным способом легко отделены от потока иловой смеси до поступления в резервуар(ы) мембранной системы, содержащей погруженные мембраны, таким образом предотвращая истирание мембраны гранулами угля. Аэрируемый блок включает патрубок слива отходов, позволяющий удалять часть отработанного гранулированного активированного угля, когда концентрация (химического потребления кислорода) соединений, обуславливающих ХПК в вытекающем потоке, приближается к пределу, обычно устанавливаемому государственными органами, и заменять путем добавления в аэрационный резервуар свежего или регенерированного гранулированного активированного угля, обладающего более высокой адсорбционной ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OSMOTIC SEPARATION OF

СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ РАСТВОРЫ АКТИВНОГО ГАЛОГЕНА

В заявке описаны композиции, предназначенные для стабилизации источника активного галогена в водном растворе. Композиции содержат (i) по меньшей мере одно замещенное соединение, содержащее группу N-H, такое как 5,5-диметилгидантоин, и (ii) по меньшей мере одно дополнительное азотсодержащее соединение, выбранное из группы, включающей аммиак, соли аммония и азотсодержащие соединения, не содержащие связи углерод-водород, молярное отношение (i):(ii) находится в диапазоне от 50:1 до 0,02:1. Активные галогенсодержащие водные растворы, стабилизированные указанными выше композициями, являются особенно подходящими для борьбы c ростом микробов и планктона в водных системах, таких как технологические жидкости, использующиеся в целлюлозной или бумажной промышленности. Композиции также применимы для уменьшения коррозионной активности галогенсодержащих растворов.

METHODS OF TREATMENT OF AND PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR FACTORY WASTE WATER

DEVICE FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND POST-TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER AND METHOD OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND POST-TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER

Methods of synthesizing an oxidant and applications thereof

The present invention relates to method of synthesizing an oxidant and applications thereof, concretely to a device for continuously synthesizing ferrate for conveyance to a site of use, comprising a first holding chamber; a second holding chamber; a mixing chamber controllably connected to the first holding chamber and to the second holding chamber, into which a content of the first holding chamber and a content of a second holding chamber are added to form a mixture; a reaction chamber controllably connected to the mixing chamber, into which the mixture is kept for a period of time; and an output opening in the reaction chamber through which the mixture may be transported to a proximal site of use.

Method for treating water and aqueous systems in pipelines with chlorine dioxide

Method for treating water and aqueous systems in pipelines with chlorine dioxide, wherein the reaction space in which the ClO2 is generated is surrounded completely by the water (9) to be treated, and the reaction space is part of a mobile device (14), which can be introduced and removed again independently of the pressure state in the pipeline (11).

Biological slime inhibitor for membrane separation device and inhibition method

Ballast water management system

Biological slime inhibitor of membrane separation device and inhibition method

Radial flow membrane biofilm reactor

A membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) device for treatment of water avoiding biofouling comprising: a central core tube having a wall defining a lumen and one or more perforations in the wall defining a perforated region, the core tube further having a first open end and second substantially closed end; a plurality of hollow filaments, each filament having a wall that defines an inner lumen, an exterior surface, a first end, and a second end; and a case having a cavity, a first end cap, a second end cap, and at least one effluent port; wherein the first open end of the core tube is sealed in the first end cap with the perforated region extending into the central cavity of the case, and wherein the first ends of the plurality of hollow filaments are open and sealed in the first end cap and the second ends of the plurality of hollow filaments are open and sealed in the second end cap.

Device and process for treating cutting fluids using ultrasound

METHOD OF PROTECTING WATER FLOW CONDUITS

Controlling pH of water in a receptacle, especially a swimming pool, and/or for cleaning the walls of the receptacle comprises saturating a stream of water with carbon dioxide

L'invention concerne un procédé de contrôle du pH de l'eau d'un réservoir tel que notamment une piscine et/ ou de nettoyage des parois de ce réservoir ou piscine, et une installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. L'invention a pour objectif de remplacer les réactifs conventionnels " pH moins " par un courant d'eau saturé en gaz carbonique et de limiter la formation de salissures susceptibles de s'accrocher sur les parois du réservoir ou d'une piscine ou de s'accumuler au fond de celle-ci. Le procédé de contrôle du pH de l'eau d'une piscine et/ ou de nettoyage des parois d'une piscine à l'aide d'un courant d'eau comprend, selon l'invention, une étape de dissolution de gaz carbonique dans ledit courant de telle sorte que celui-ci soit saturé en gaz carbonique.

SLIME INHIBITION METHOD FOR SEPARATION MEMBRANE

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVAL OF OXYGEN FROM SEAWATER

Use of electromagnetic pulses in cross-flow filtration systems

A cross-flow filtration system includes a first filter element having a first conduit for receiving a flow of a first aqueous feed stream, a second conduit operable to discharge a flow of first permeate water and a third conduit operable to discharge a flow of first retentate water. The cross-flow filtration system includes a coil assembly disposed about the first conduit. The first coil assembly is operable to subject the first aqueous feed stream to electromagnetic pulses. A second filter element is in fluid communication with the first filter element via the third conduit. The second filter element is operable to receive the first retentate water via the third conduit. A second coil assembly is disposed about the third conduit and is operable to subject the first retentate water to electromagnet pulses.

Osmotic separation systems and methods

Separation processes using engineered osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.

Fresh Water Generating Apparatus and Fresh Water Generating Method

An object is to provide a fresh water generating apparatus that is capable of efficiently and stably producing fresh water. Provided is a fresh water generating apparatus equipped with a seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device that produces fresh water from seawater by a reverse osmosis membrane, including a mixing section that mixes wastewater as dilution water with seawater to produce mixed water, and a first seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device that acts as the seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device to filter the mixed water, in which the apparatus is configured so that used water that is wastewater resulting from the use of the produced fresh water as service water is mixed as dilution water with seawater at the mixing section.

Filtration module

The present invention provides a filtration module having at least one membrane layer and a spacer layer, wherein the spacer includes: a polymeric matrix; and a biocide physically embedded into or attached to the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the invention provides a method for reducing the concentration of bacteria in water, by contacting water with the filtration module.

Polyphenol-type polymer coating of filtration membranes

A filtration membrane is coated with a polymer made from a compound comprising a benzenediol or a substituted phenol, such as catechol. The polymer deposition process comprises exposing the membrane to the compound in an aqueous alkaline solution. A membrane module may be immersed in the solution. Optionally, the solution is aerated. The polymer coating is reasonably durable in aqueous environments but may be removable. In an example, a module of PVDF based outside-in hollow fiber membranes was coated with poly(catechol). The membranes had a reduced fouling rate and could be maintenance cleaned with water or a dilute oxidant solution. The polycatechol coating could be oxidized by cleaning the membrane with a hypochlorite solution and re-coated. The modified membranes may be used, for example, in water or wastewater treatment. A filtration process includes steps of oxidizing and re-applying the coating after the membrane has been in use.

Nanoflotation

A nanoflotation system used to separate suspended solids or large settling or floating solids from water, waste water or liquids. This is accomplished through the use of submerged membranes, in combination with a number of design components comprising froth flotation, gravity settling, pre coating of the submerged membranes, spacing, of the membranes to facilitate flotation of solids to the surface or to the bottom of the containment chamber holding the submerged membranes, and membrane structures which use large diameter hollow fibre or tubular membranes and/or large pore opening membrane materials.

Device for Treating Water Comprising a Solid Filter Drum

Device for treating water comprising a solid filter drum. The invention relates to a device for treating water comprising:—a biological treatment zone ( 13 ) housing a plurality of biological discs ( 16 ) mounted on a shaft ( 17 ) that can be turned, —a filtration zone ( 14 ) housing a filter drum ( 20 ) mounted on the same shaft as the said biological discs ( 16 ), —conveying means ( 39 ) for conveying biologically treated water originating from said biological treatment zone ( 13 ) into said filter drum ( 20 ), —means for unplugging said filter drum ( 20 ), which means are positioned on the outside of said filter drum ( 20 ), —sludge collection means ( 24 ) positioned inside said filter drum ( 20 ) facing said unplugging means and connected to a discharge line ( 28, 29, 30 ) that discharges said sludge from said filter drum ( 20 ). According to the invention, the sides of said filter drum ( 20 ) are closed by solid sidewalls ( 22, 23 ), and said discharge line ( 28, 29, 30 ) comprises a portion ( 30 ) which extends along the axis of said shaft ( 17 ) through a first of said sidewalls ( 23 ) mounted to rotate about said axis, the second sidewall ( 22 ) of said filter drum ( 20 ) being secured to said shaft ( 17 ).

Oscillatory crossflow membrane separation

Oscillatory crossflow membrane separation apparatus and methods are disclosed for effluent treatment. The apparatus include a membrane module with a housing containing a membrane element, said module having an input for receiving effluent for treatment and a treated effluent output. A crossflow pump is connected for moving oscillating fluid through the membrane module and a feed pressure pump is connected with the membrane module for applying membrane operating pressure. A fluid oscillator is active with either pump for pulsating fluid received thereat.

Method and apparatus for monitoring deposition

The present invention concerns an apparatus for deposition monitoring in a water system comprising a deposition measurement system, a DC power supply connected to a conductive deposition monitoring surface and a counter electrode, the apparatus has a first treatment configuration and a second treatment configuration, wherein one of the treatment configurations removes biofilm from the conductive deposition monitoring surface, and the other treatment configuration removes inorganic scale deposition from the conductive deposition monitoring surface.

Filter For Water Treatment Filtering and Method For Producing The Same

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a filter medium for a water treatment filter having contradictory characteristics, that is, hydrophilicity and chemical resistance, and a long life, and to provide the production method thereof. A filter medium for a water treatment filter according to the present invention is characterized in comprising a porous base material having a hydrophilic coating layer; wherein the hydrophilic coating layer has a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer and a high electron density part; a hydrophilic polymer in the cross-linked hydrophilic polymer is cross-linked with an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group which may contain one or more functional groups selected from a group consisting of an ether group, a hydroxy group and an amino group; the high electron density part has π electrons; and the high electron density part is covalently bonded to the cross-linked hydrophilic polymer.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING DEPOSIT FORMATION

A method and apparatus for monitoring deposit formation in a process having an aqueous flow is provided. According to exemplary embodiments, a feed flow of an aqueous liquid is provided onto a receiving surface to be monitored. At least part of a receiving surface is illuminated with at least one light source. Visual data is collected across the receiving surface and analyzed. The quality and type of deposition attached to the receiving surface is classified based on information obtained from the analyzed visual data, and a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed based on the classification. 1. A method for monitoring deposit formation in a process involving an aqueous flow , said method comprising:providing a feed flow of an aqueous liquid onto a receiving surface to be monitored, wherein the monitoring includes:illuminating at least part of said receiving surface with at least one light source;collecting visual data at a multitude of positions across said receiving surface;analyzing said visual data;classifying a quality and type of deposition attached to said receiving surface based on information obtained from said analyzed visual data; andcomputing a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication of said receiving surface based on said classification.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:adding to said feed flow of an aqueous liquid at least one fluorescent dye capable of staining at least one type of microbes;illuminating at least part of said receiving surface with at least two light sources, at least one of which uses light with a selected wavelength that excites a biofouling deposition stained by said at least one fluorescent dye; andclassifying a quality and type of biofouling deposition on said receiving surface based on fluorescence emission from said depositions in said analyzed visual data.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said light sources is emitting ultraviolet light.4. A method ...

Efficient Bottom-Improving Bacillus and Compound Bottom-Improving Microbial Agent Prepared From the Same and Applications Thereof

The applicant provides a strain of Bacillus tequilensis ZSGD5, with accession number of the deposit of CCTCC NO.: M 2014004, deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China on Jan. 6, 2014. The applicant also provides a compound microecological Bacillus agent. The compound microbial agent comprises the following bacterial species: Bacillus tequilensis, Type I Bacillus subtilis, Type II Bacillus subtilis, Type I Bacillus licheniformis, Type II Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus megaterium. The Bacillus tequilensis provided in the present invention has an efficient water bottom cleaning capability, and can rapidly decompose and decrease the sludge at the bottom of a pond and effectively improve environmental waters for such phenomena as black water, and turbid water, so the Bacillus tequilensis can be used for water environment treatment in aquaculture and for urban wastewater treatment.

System and Method for Treating Water with a Biological Based Biocide

A system and method of treating water systems with amoebas produced on-site to reduce biological contaminants, such as algae, bacteria and biofilms, without requiring the use of, or reducing the amount of, chemical treatments that produce harmful by-products. The system and method comprise generating an amoeba treatment solution using an on-site biogenerator and discharging the treatment solution in the water system at predetermined discharge intervals. The operating parameters of the biogenerator are monitored and controlled to maintain one or more operating conditions, such as dissolved gas levels, temperature, or pH inside a growth tank within desired ranges. An amount of amoeba starter material sufficient to supply the biogenerator for a prolonged treatment cycle, such as 30 days, is provided and stored in a temperature controlled environment near the biogenerator to maintain the viability of the amoebas prior to generating each dose of treatment solution. 1. A treatment system for treating water in a water system to reduce or remove biological contaminants , the treatment system comprising a biogenerator for generating a plurality of doses of an amoeba treatment solution from an amoeba starter material , the biogenerator comprising a growth tank and an outlet for discharging each dose of amoeba treatment solution to the water system at predetermined dosing cycle intervals.2. The treatment system according to wherein the amoeba treatment solution comprises one or more of bacteria-consuming amoeba.3. The treatment system according to wherein the dosing cycle interval is between once every 12 hours and once every 36 hours during normal operations.4. The treatment system according to wherein each dose of amoeba treatment solution comprises at least 5×10amoebas per liter of solution.5. The treatment system according to wherein substantially most of the amoebas in each dose of treatment solution are in the trophozoite form prior to discharging the treatment solution ...

METHOD FOR PREVENTING FORMATION OF BIOFILM

The present invention is a method of suppressing bio-film formation on a structure in water, including irradiating light comprising the spectrum of 409 to 412 nm to the structure where bio-film formation is to be suppressed. 1. A method of suppressing bio-film formation on a structure in water , comprising irradiating light comprising the spectrum of 409 to 412 nm to the structure.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light comprises the spectrum of a part of 400 to 440 nm.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light has a peak wavelength in the range between 409 nm and 412 nm.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light has a spectral irradiance of 1.4 μWcmnmor higher in the range between 409 nm and 412 nm at the structure.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light comprises the spectrum of 400 to 420 nm.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an irradiance of the light is 3 Wmor higher.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the light is an LED light.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water is seawater.10. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.11. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.12. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.13. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.14. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.15. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.16. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the light is not a laser beam.17. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the light has a peak wavelength in the range between 409 nm and 412 nm.18. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the light has a peak wavelength in the range between 409 nm and 412 nm.19. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the light has a peak ...

MEMBRANE ASSEMBLY FOR SUPPORTING A BIOFILM

A cord for supporting a biofilm has a plurality of yarns. At least one of the yarns comprises a plurality of hollow fiber gas transfer membranes. At least one of the yarns extends along the length of the cord generally in the shape of a spiral. Optionally, one or more of the yarns may comprise one or more reinforcing filaments. In some examples, a reinforcing yarn is wrapped around a core. A module may be made by potting a plurality of the cords in at least one header. A reactor may be made and operated by placing the module in a tank fed with water to be treated and supplying a gas to the module. In use, a biofilm covers the cords to form a membrane biofilm assembly. 1. A cord , comprising: at least one of the yarns comprises a plurality of hollow fiber gas transfer membranes, and', 'at least one of the yarns extends along the length of the cord generally in the shape of a spiral., 'a plurality of yarns, wherein2. The cord of claim 1 , wherein the at least one spiral yarn is wrapped around the outside of the other yarn or yarns at least intermittently.3. The cord of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the yarns comprises at least one reinforcing filament.4. The cord of claim 1 , wherein the at least one spiral yarn is wrapped around the outside of the other yarn or yarns continuously.5. (canceled)6. The cord of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of yarns are configured to provide a core extending along the length of the cord generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the cord claim 1 , and at least one spiral yarn wrapped around the core.7. The cord of claim 6 , further comprising:a core;a multi-filament gas transfer membrane yarn within or wrapped around the core; anda reinforcing yarn wrapped around the multi-filament gas transfer membrane yarn.8. The cord of claim 6 , further comprising a reinforcing yarn wrapped in a clockwise spiral around the core and a reinforcing yarn wrapped in a counterclockwise spiral around the core.9. The cord of claim 1 , wherein the ...

WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM USING AEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE GRAVITY-DRIVEN MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Described herein is aerobic granular sludge gravity-driven membrane system, methods of making and using thereof are described. The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) integrated with a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration system is an energy efficient wastewater treatment system that takes advantage of AGS reactor systems integrated with gravity-driven membrane system to reduce membrane fouling and produce microbiologically and chemically safe water. The AGS-GDM system includes at least an AGS reactor tank containing raw wastewater and granular sludge and a membrane tank including one or more gravity-driven membrane(s). 1. A wastewater treatment system comprising an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) tank coupled to a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) tank comprising one or more membrane(s).2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising: (a) an influent tank claim 1 , sludge tank claim 1 , a treated water tank claim 1 , and/or a control unit; (b) a first pipe at the top of the AGS tank connected to the GDM tank; (c) a first air blower connected to the bottom of the GDM tank; or (d) an influent pump operatively connected to the AGS tank.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the one or more gravity-driven membrane(s) forms a membrane unit; (b) the membrane unit includes single or multiple modules; (c) the modules include flat sheet or hollow fiber modules; (d) the one or more gravity-driven membrane(s) are porous membrane(s) made of inorganic or organic porous materials; and/or (e) the GDM tank has a height in the range between 1 to 2 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 3 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 4 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 5 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 6 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 7 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 8 meters claim 1 , between 1 to 9 meters claim 1 , or between 1 to 10 meters.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)763. The system of claim claim 1 , wherein: (a) the inorganic or organic porous materials are ceramic or polymer based materials; (b) the porous ...

Electrochemical Membrane Module for Selectively Removing Pollutants and Preparation Method Thereof

An electrochemical membrane module for selectively removing pollutants and a preparation method thereof are provided. A Ti/SnO—Sb substrate electrode is coated with a MI-TiOsol-gel by means of a dip-coating method, and then sintered to obtain a molecular imprinting type Ti/MI-TiO/SnO—Sb coated electrode; the coated electrode is adhered to a ceramic micro-filtration membrane using epoxy resin glue to obtain a Ti/MI-TiO/SnO—Sb MI-anodic conductive composite membrane; the MI-anodic conductive composite membrane is used as an anode, and a titanium mesh is used as a cathode, so that the electrochemical membrane module capable of selectively removing pollutants is obtained. The invention effectively combines an electrochemical micro-filtration membrane and a molecular imprinting technique. When the electrochemical membrane module is used, suspended particles and refractory organics in the sewage are removed, and a highly selective removal of certain refractory pollutants can be achieved. 1. An electrochemical membrane module for selectively removing pollutants , comprising a membrane bracket , MI-anodic composite membranes , and a titanium mesh , wherein the membrane bracket is provided with a suction port connecting with an inner cavity of the membrane bracket , the inner cavity of the membrane bracket is internally provided with the titanium mesh as a cathode , and both outer sides of the membrane bracket are provided with the MI-anodic composite membranes , and each of the MI-anodic composite membranes comprises a Ti—SnO—Sb substrate electrode and a ceramic micro-filtration membrane , wherein the Ti—SnO—Sb substrate electrode is opposite to the inner cavity of the membrane bracket , and the Ti—SnO—Sb substrate electrode is coated with a MI-TiOsol-gel coating.2. A method for preparing the electrochemical membrane module according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, '(1) immersing the Ti—SnO—Sb substrate electrode in the MI-TiOsol-gel ...

RECIRCULATING, PURIFYING, DISINFECTING, COOLING, DECONTAMINATING, FEEDBACK CONTROLLED WATER SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER AND OTHER USES TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS

A water purification system provides clean water for the consumption by livestock by using a continuously recirculating water loop. A circulating pump moves the water within the water loop in a flow direction. A particle filter system is fluidically connected in series and removes dissolved solids or particulates within the water. An ozone purification system and/or with the addition of other antimicrobial or purification agents is fluidically connected in parallel to a portion of the continuously recirculating feedback monitored and control water loop. The ozone purification system is disposed downstream of the particle filter system in relation to the flow direction. A feeding station is connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop disposed downstream of the ozone purification system in relation to the flow direction. An alkaline water apparatus is disposed upstream of the ozone purification unit, connected either before or in parallel to the ozone purification system. 1. A water purification system configured to provide clean water for consumption by livestock or other animals , the water purification system comprising:a continuously recirculating water loop;a circulating pump fluidically connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop configured to pump water within the continuously recirculating water loop in a flow direction;a water supply inlet fluidically connected to the continuously recirculating water loop at a first check valve, the water supply inlet configured to provide additional water due to the water consumption in the water purification system;at least one particle filter system fluidically connected as part of and in series with the continuously recirculating water loop, the at least one particle filter system configured to remove dissolved solids or particulates within the water, the particle filter system disposed downstream of the first check valve in relation to the flow direction;an ozone purification ...

BIOREACTOR ASSEMBLY

A bioreactor assembly for treating feed water including: i) a pressure vessel comprising an inner peripheral surface defining an inner chamber having a cross-sectional area, and a first and second port adapted to provide fluid access with the inner chamber, ii) a plurality of bioreactors located within the inner chamber, wherein each bioreactor includes an outer periphery and flow channels extending along bio-growth surfaces from an inlet region to an outlet region, and iii) a fluid flow pathway adapted for connection to a source of feed water and extending from the first port of the pressure vessel, along a parallel flow pattern to each bioreactor, into the flow channels of each bioreactor, and out the second port of the pressure vessel. 1. A bioreactor assembly for treating feed water comprising:{'b': '73', 'i) a pressure vessel () comprising an inner peripheral surface defining an inner chamber having a cross-sectional area, and a first and second port adapted to provide fluid access with the inner chamber,'}{'b': '52', 'ii) a plurality of bioreactors () located within the inner chamber, wherein each bioreactor includes an outer periphery and flow channels extending along bio-growth surfaces from an inlet region to an outlet region, and'}iii) a fluid flow pathway adapted for connection to a source of feed water and extending from the first port of the pressure vessel, along a parallel flow pattern to each bioreactor, into the flow channels of each bioreactor, and out the second port of the pressure vessel.2. The assembly of wherein the bioreactors are positioned in a serial arrangement within the inner chamber of the pressure vessel.3. The assembly of wherein: i) the inner chamber of the pressure vessel extends along an axis (Y′) between opposing ends claim 1 , and ii) at least 15 claim 1 , 20 claim 1 , 25 claim 1 , 30% of the cross-sectional area of the inner chamber claim 1 , excluding area of the flow channels claim 1 , is free space accessible to the fluid ...

Membrane Fouling Warning Method Based on Knowledge-Fuzzy Learning Algorithm

An intelligent warning method based on knowledge-fuzzy learning algorithm is designed for membrane fouling with high accuracy. A multi-step prediction strategy, using the least-squares linear regression model, is developed to predict the characteristic variables of membrane fouling Meanwhile, the knowledge of membrane fouling category, which is extracted from the real wastewater treatment process, can be expressed as the form of fuzzy rules. Moreover, a knowledge-based fuzzy neural network is designed to establish the membrane fouling warning model, thus deal with the problem of difficult warning of membrane fouling. The results reveal that the intelligent warning method can improve the ability to solve the membrane fouling, mitigate the deleterious effect on the process performance and ensure the safety operation of the wastewater treatment process. 1(1) determine characteristic variables of membrane fouling: for a sewage treatment process of membrane bioreactor, sewage treatment process variables are analyzed and the characteristic variables of membrane fouling are selected, including water permeability (P), permeability decay (PD), water flow (WF), gas washing size (GWS), sludge concentration (SC), transmembrane pressure (TMP), water turbidity (WT) and permeability recovery rate (PR); {'br': None, 'i': x', 'n+', 'a', '+a', 'x', 'n', 'a', 'x', 'n+', 'a', 'x', 'n+', 'a', 'x', 'n+, 'sub': d', 'd0', 'd1', 'd', 'd2', 'd', 'd3', 'd', 'd4', 'd, '(4)=()+(1)+(2)+(3),\u2003\u2003(1)'}, '(2) predict the characteristic variables of membrane fouling: the characteristic variables are obtained by a multi-step prediction strategy based on a least-squares linear regression model; values of a characteristic variable with first four moments are used to predict the characteristic variable at a fifth moment; the estimation of a characteristic variable using the least-squares linear regression model can be expressed as. A membrane fouling warning method based on knowledge-fuzzy ...

Aquarium undergravel filter

A surface filter for aquarium water purification is placed on the bottom of the aquarium that sucks the waste out of the tank to the canister filter. Small plastic pieces make and connect the main stream channels. Each plastic piece is composed of a couple of inverted pyramids that acts like a funnel. Water flows through the main channels sucked by an external filter. In the base of each inverted pyramid a small hole opens to the drainage channel, which has a hollow inverted V shape. Water, particles and fish waste are passed through the channels to the external filter. At the end of the assembly a cross channel collects the drained water. Collected water is transferred to the external filter outside the aquarium. A hose connects the external filter with the collector. Another hose is connected to the same filter to return the filtered water back to the aquarium.

WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS

A water treatment apparatus includes a flow channel in which waters to be treated to circulate, bactericide injection means for injecting a chlorine-based bactericide in an injection position A of the flow channel, and reverse osmosis membrane modules and which are disposed in the flow channel on a downstream side from the injection position A and have reverse osmosis membranes and . In the flow channel, at least one kind of metal or metal compound selected from metals or metal compounds described in (1), (2), and (3) is disposed as a catalyst between the injection position and the reverse osmosis membrane modules. 111-. (canceled)12. A water treatment apparatus comprising:a flow channel in which water to be treated circulates;bactericide injection means for injecting sodium hypochlorite as a chlorine-based bactericide in an injection position of the flow channel; andreverse osmosis membrane modules which are disposed in the flow channel on a downstream side from the injection position in a circulation direction of the water to be treated and have reverse osmosis membranes,wherein in the flow channel, at least one kind of metal or metal compound selected from metals or metal compounds described in the following (1) to (7) is disposed as a catalyst, which decomposes the sodium hypochlorite into salt and a reactive oxygen radical, between the injection position and the reverse osmosis membrane.(1) iron, a hydroxide of iron, a carbonate of iron, and a sulfate of iron,(2) a hydroxide of cobalt, a carbonate of cobalt, and a sulfate of cobalt,(3) a hydroxide of nickel, a carbonate of nickel, and a sulfate of nickel,(4) magnesium, a hydroxide of magnesium, an oxide of magnesium, a carbonate of magnesium, and a sulfate of magnesium,(5) calcium, a hydroxide of calcium, an oxide of calcium, a carbonate of calcium, and a sulfate of calcium,(6) strontium, a hydroxide of strontium, a carbonate of strontium, and a sulfate of strontium,(7) barium, a hydroxide of barium, an oxide ...

Preparation Method of Antibacterial Deodorizing Modified Fiber for Water Purification

A preparation method of an antibacterial deodorizing modified fiber for water purification is provided. Maleic anhydride is used to perform an addition reaction with sodium polysulfide to generate a disulfide antibacterial agent I, the disulfide antibacterial agent I continues to react with 2-amino-5-nitropyridine in an acetic acid solution under the catalysis of sodium acetate to obtain a compound II, then, the nitro in the compound II is reduced into amino by ferrous sulfate, meanwhile, anhydride is hydrolyzed into carboxylic acid in a faintly acid aqueous solution to obtain a compound III, and finally, under alkaline conditions, the amino in the compound III reacts with the cyan in a polyacrylonitrile fiber to obtain a modified polyacrylonitrile fiber. The prepared modified polyacrylonitrile fiber can remove various heavy metals in sewage and has good antibacterial and anti-mildew effects, thereby achieving the effects of water purification and deodorization.

Chemical free and energy efficient desalination system

A desalination system ( 100 ) having an intake unit ( 110 ) providing seawater to a pre-treatment unit ( 120 ) connected to a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit ( 130 ) and a post treatment unit ( 150 ). The desalination system ( 100 ) is configured to operate without any external addition of chemicals to simplify logistics and regulation concerns. The units of the system are configured to prevent biofouling, scaling and corrosion by mechanical and biological means including high flow speeds, biological flocculation of colloids, and making the water entering the RO units inhospitable to bacteria and other organisms that cause biofouling, hence preventing their settlement and removing them with the brine. Recovery rate is lowered and energy is recovered to increase the energetic efficiency and minerals that are added to the product water are taken from the brine.

Peptides and compositions for prevention of cell adhesion and methods of using same

Compositions comprising an isolated peptide, which may for example optionally comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of YDYNWY (SEQ ID NO: 1), YDYNLY (SEQ ID NO: 2), FDYNFY (SEQ ID NO: 3), FDYNLY (SEQ ID NO: 4), FDYNWY (SEQ ID NO: 5), YDWNLY (SEQ ID NO: 6), YDWHLY (SEQ ID NO: 7), and WDYNLY (SEQ ID NO: 8), extracted from organisms such as aquatic organisms and moss or any other sequence described herein, and methods of using same, including for treatment of or prevention of formation of microbial biofilms and against adhesion of a cell to a surface.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING BIOFOULING IN HVAC DRAIN SYSTEMS

The invention provides a solution for biofouling in HVAC condensate drain systems, including drain pans and drain lines, using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Embodiments of the invention include one or more of: one or more ultraviolet (UV) radiation sources, positioning mechanisms for the UV radiation sources, and one or more UV radiation source control systems. Specific location of the UV radiation source control system(s) can be proximal to the UV radiation sources, or located remotely. 1. An apparatus for the control of biofoul in an HVAC system , comprising one or more UV sources disposed along a flexible base extending for a length at least equal to the length of fluid in a drain p-trap of the HVAC system , and a control system configured to supply power to the UV sources.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible base comprises a tape.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the UV sources comprise UV LEDs.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the UV LEDSs are configured to provide 0.5-2.0 mW/cmcontinuous claim 3 , or 1 mW/cmcontinuous claim 3 , or 2-8 mW/cmpulsed at 25% duty cycle claim 3 , or 4 mW/cm claim 3 , pulsed at 25% duty cycle.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the UV LEDs comprise 125 degree viewing angle UV LEDs claim 3 , with a normalized intensity of 60% at 60 degrees claim 3 , and a radiant output power between 10 mW and 1200 mW.6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the UV LEDs are spaced not less than 1″ and not more than 4″ apart.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor producing a signal representative of biofoul claim 1 , and wherein the control system is configured to provide power to the UV sources responsive to the sensor signal.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the UV sources comprise low pressure mercury UV emitters.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an HVAC system having a P-trap in which the flexible base is disposed.10. An HVAC system having a drain pan and comprising one or more UV emitters ...

Negative Pressure Aeration And Organic Growth Suppression System

A negative pressure aeration system, created by atmospheric siphon pressure above the waterline and mechanical pump suction below the waterline, which impedes the growth of organic matter. A waterfall in vacuum effect is created within a processing unit that aerates the raw water as it falls through the air chamber of the processing unit housing, which assists in the suppression of organic growth by reducing the contact surface area within the processing unit. A chemical tank allows an anti-fouling chemical to be added to the entire system and a power supply allows flexible electrodes driven by a vacuum to create a further anti-fouling benefit throughout the components of the system.

Porous membrane, membrane module, water treatment device, and method for manufacturing porous membrane

Provided is a porous membrane that can be manufactured in uncomplicated steps, has high hydrophilicity and water permeability, and exhibits excellent anti-fouling properties when used in a membrane bioreactor method (MBR method). The porous membrane of the present invention is a porous membrane containing polymer (A) and polymer (B), wherein the polymer (A) is a membrane-forming polymer, the polymer (B) is a polymer having a unit (b1) represented by formula (1) and a unit (b2) based on hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate, and the concentration (mass %) of the unit (b1) is equal to or higher than the concentration (mass %) of the unit (b2) in the porous membrane.

HANG ON GLASS UPFLOW ALGAE SCRUBBER EMBODIMENTS

An apparatus for aquarium water filtration comprising a macroalgal growth means defining a first macroalgal attachment material and a first bubbling means; and a containment means including a housing defining a first water inlet and a gas outlet; a docking means defining a first docking surface configured to complement a shape of an aquarium wall; the first docking surface defining a first illumination port to enable illumination to pass through the illumination port to illuminate the macroalgal attachment material; and a first coupling means to secure the macroalgal growth means to the containment means such that a first portion of gas bubbles emitted by the macroalgal growth means is confined to the housing. 1. An apparatus for aquarium water filtration , comprising:{'b': '1302', 'a macroalgal growth mechanism defining a first macroalgal attachment surface () and a first bubbling mechanism; and'} a housing defining a first water inlet and a gas outlet.', 'a docking mechanism defining a first docking surface, the first docking surface configured to complement a shape of an aquarium wall, the first docking surface defining a first illumination port, the first illumination port to enable illumination to pass through the illumination port to illuminate the macroalgal attachment surface,, 'a containment mechanism including,'} 'a first coupling mechanism, the first coupling mechanism to secure the macroalgal growth mechanism to the containment mechanism such that a first portion of gas bubbles emitted by the macroalgal growth mechanism is substantially confined to the housing.', 'and'}3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the attenuation mechanism is coupled to the sides of the containment mechanism so as to prevent gas bubbles from routing sideways around the macroalgal attachment material.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the water inlet and water outlet are combined.5. (canceled)6100. The apparatus () of claim 1 , further comprising:an adjustable water inlet or ...

CONTAINER WITH BIOFILM FORMATION-INHIBITING MICROORGANISMS IMMOBILIZED THEREIN AND MEMBRANE WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS USING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a technique for inhibiting biofouling of the surface of a membrane caused by a biofilm, through immobilizing biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms to a container in a membrane water treatment process. The present disclosure provides a non-hollow/hollow columnar or sheet-like permeable carrier with flowability owing to submerged aeration and a container with biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms immobilized therein, comprising biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms immobilized in the carrier. The present disclosure also provides a membrane water treatment apparatus comprising a reactor accommodating water to be treated, a membrane module for water treatment and a container with biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms immobilized therein placed in the reactor. 1. A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process for water treatment , comprising:contacting water to be treated with microorganisms for biological water treatment; andfiltering the biologically treated water through the membrane in the presence of a container comprising a permeable carrier and biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms, other than the microorganisms for biological water treatment, immobilized in the carrier,wherein the biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms inhibit quorum sensing of the microorganisms for biological water treatment responsible for biofilm formation on a surface of the membrane; andwherein the permeable carrier comprises a hydrogel and has fluidisability through submerged aeration.2. A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the permeable carrier is a spherical in shape.3. A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process for water treatment according to claim 1 , wherein the permeable carrier is a columnar or sheet-like in shape.4. A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process for water treatment according to claim 3 , wherein the permeable carrier is a circular columnar in shape.5. A membrane bio- ...

An assembly comprising at least two elements in a movable arrangement relative to each other and an anti-fouling system

An assembly (2) comprising at least two elements (10, 24) in a movable arrangement relative to each other for performing a first function of the assembly (2) is furthermore equipped with an anti-biofouling system (30) for subjecting at least an area (11) of the assembly (2) to be at least partially exposed to water during at least a part of its lifetime to an anti-biofouling action as an additional function of the assembly (2), different from the first function of the assembly (2). The anti-biofouling system (30) comprises one or more light sources (32) for emitting anti-biofouling light, and the anti-biofouling system (30) is adapted to realize coverage of the area (11) with the anti-biofouling light on the basis of the movable arrangement of the at least two elements (10, 24) relative to each other for performing the first function of the assembly (2).

Methods of pulp fiber treatment

In some embodiments, a method may include treating pulp in pulp and paper mills. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution and generating a reactive oxygen species. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced treatment methods of bleaching, brightening, and delignifying pulp fibers involving the use of peracetate oxidant solutions.

PROCESS FOR PREVENTING OR MITIGATING BIOFOULING

Biofouling may be prevented or at least mitigated by employing a cinnamaldehyde additive to augment the affect of the conventional biocide. Exemplary cinnamaldehyde additives include, but are not limited to, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamyl alcohol. A cinnamaldehyde additive by itself, in some embodiments, may also inhibit biofouling. 1. A process for preventing or mitigating the occurrence of biofouling comprising introducing an effective amount of a biocidal blend comprising a cinnamaldehyde additive and a conventional biocide into an industrial water system , where the biocidal blend decreases the growth of a bacteria selected from the group consisting of acid-producing bacteria , sulfate-reducing bacteria and combinations thereof.3. The process of where the biocidal blend has a pH below 7 and the cinnamaldehyde additives may be in the form of an acetal or a hemiacetal.4. The process of where the cinnamaldehyde additive is selected from the group consisting of cinnamaldehyde claim 1 , cinnamyl acetate claim 1 , 3-phenylpropionaldehyde claim 1 , 2-bromocinnamaldehyde claim 1 , phenyl propiolic aldehyde claim 1 , benzalacetone claim 1 , ethyl cinnamate claim 1 , 4-chlorocinnamaic acid claim 1 , 4-nitrocinnamaic acid claim 1 , and 4 aminocinnamic acid claim 1 , vanillin claim 1 , capsaicin claim 1 , eugenol claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process of where the conventional biocide is non-oxidizing and is selected from the group consisting of:quaternary ammonium compounds;thiocarbamates;dithiocarbamates;thiocyanates;hydroxyalkylaminoalkanols;formaldehyde;p-formaldehyde;glutaraldehyde;isothiazolin-3-ones;complexed copper;metaborate;sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate;sodium benzoate;thione;tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS);chloromethylphenol; andcombinations thereof.6. The process of where the conventional biocide is tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS).7. The process of where the industrial water system is selected ...

Drum Filter for Water Filtration and Method Therefor

The invention relates to a drum filter for water filtration and method therefor. The drum filter comprises: a housing; a filter drum arranged in the housing and comprising a filter surface, wherein the filter drum is rotatable around a shaft; an inlet for supplying water for filtering to an outward facing side of the filter surface for the purpose of collecting fouling on the filter surface; an outlet for discharging filtered water; and a sprayer for spraying clean the filter surface, wherein the sprayer is configured to spray substantially transversely over the outward facing side of the filter surface. 1. Drum filter for water filtration , comprising:a housing;a filter drum arranged in the housing and comprising a filter surface, wherein the filter drum is rotatable around a shaft;an inlet for supplying water for filtering to an outward facing side of the filter surface for the purpose of collecting fouling on the filter surface;an outlet for discharging filtered water; anda sprayer for spraying clean the filter surface, wherein the sprayer is configured to spray substantially transversely over the outward facing side of the filter surface.2. Drum filter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sprayer is configured to spray substantially in a direction parallel to the shaft.3. Drum filter as claimed in or claim 1 , comprising a fouling discharge with a receiving opening arranged substantially opposite the sprayer for the purpose of receiving fouling sprayed off the filter surface in the direction of the receiving opening by the sprayer.4. Drum filter as claimed in claim 1 , comprising an additional sprayer which is arranged in the housing and which is configured to spray a fluid substantially through the filter surface.5. Drum filter as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the additional sprayer is configured to spray the fluid substantially in a direction perpendicularly of the shaft.6. Drum filter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a drive connected to the shaft for ...

ADVANCED FILTRATION MEMBRANES USING CHITOSAN AND GRAPHENE OXIDE

A composition of five parts by mass of chitosan and one part graphene oxide is suspended in water. The composition may be used to form filtration layers of any size or shape and may be reinforced by additional layers. The composition may be used to construct a large filtration apparatus of any size or shape and may be used to form highly resilient, antimicrobial structures and surfaces for a variety of applications. 1. A method of making a highly-resilient fluid and gas apparatus comprised of the steps of:protonating a quantity chitosan to create protonated chitosan;mixing a quantity of graphene oxide with said protonated chitosan to create a solution;filling a molding structure with a quantity of said solution;evaporating a solution on a surface to create a membrane having a target thickness; andplacing said membrane between two layers.2. The method of wherein said quantity of chitosan and said quantity of graphene have a 5:1 ratio.3. The method of wherein said quantity of chitosan and said quantity .of graphene have a ratio between 4:1 and 6:1.4. The method of in which the step of protonating includes the step of creating a homogeneous mixture by rendering the chitosan water soluble.5. The method of wherein said layers are cellulose layers.6. The method of wherein said layers are comprised a material selected from a group consisting of paper claim 1 , glass wool and permeable plastic.7. The method claim 1 , of wherein the step of protonating further includes combining said quantity of chitosan with an acid.8. The method of wherein said acid is selected from a group consisting of Acetic Acid claim 7 , Malic claim 7 , Succinic Acid claim 7 , Glycolic Acid claim 7 , Oxalic Acid claim 7 , Adipic Acid claim 7 , Citric Acid claim 7 , Formic Acid claim 7 , Carboxylic Acid claim 7 , Sulfonic Acid claim 7 , Muriatic Acid and Tannic Acid.9. The method of wherein said acid is organic.10. The method of which further includes selecting a target thickness which is a function of ...

SYNERGISTIC ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION

A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: 1. A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) diamine; and (b) dithio-2 ,2′-bis-benzmethylamide; wherein a weight ratio of the diamine to dithio-2 ,2′-bis-benzmethylamide is from 10:1 to 1:10.2. A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) diamine; and (b) dithio-2 ,2′-bis-benzmethylamide; wherein a weight ratio of the diamine to dithio-2 ,2′-bis-benzmethylamide is from 9:1 to 1:10.3. A method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous medium comprising adding to the aqueous medium the composition of .4. A method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous medium comprising adding to the aqueous medium the composition of .5. An aqueous medium comprising the synergistic antimicrobial composition of .6. An aqueous medium comprising the synergistic antimicrobial composition of . This invention relates to combinations of biocides, the combinations having greater activity than would be observed for the individual antimicrobial compounds.Use of combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broaden potential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reduce waste. In some cases, commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provide effective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations, due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, or relatively slow antimicrobial action, or instability under certain conditions such as high temperature and high pH. Combinations of different antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overall control of microorganisms or to provide the same level of microbial control at lower use rates in a particular end use environment. Additionally, synergy has been found to be an unpredictable phenomenon. Often like compounds display varying synergistic profiles when combined with a particular active. It may be that no synergy is evidenced or ...

Fluid Treatment System

A fluid treatment system ( 2 ) for treating a fluid ( 4 ), the system ( 2 ) comprises: —a translucent sleeve ( 6 ) surrounding at least one light source ( 8 ) and mounted within a cell ( 10 ) of the system ( 2 ); —a housing ( 12 ) configured to receive the sleeve ( 6 ) therein, a hollow cavity ( 18 ) is defined between an outer surface ( 14 ) of the sleeve ( 6 ) and an inner surface ( 16 ) of the housing ( 12 ) defining a cavity for flowing the fluid ( 4 ) therein. The system ( 2 ) further comprises: —a fluid flowing device ( 22 ) to flow said fluid ( 4 ) through the hollow cavity ( 18 ) at a velocity of 3 m/s or higher such that the velocity of the fluid in relation to the outer surface ( 14 ) prevents fouling and/or scaling from aggregating on the outer surface ( 14 ) of the sleeve ( 6 ), —a recirculation assembly ( 24 ) configured to recirculate said fluid ( 4 ) through said hollow cavity ( 18 ). In addition a method is provided for treatment of a fluid in the fluid treatment system.

Water Purifier with Integrated Power Generator

A water filtration system with power generating capability includes a membrane that receives relatively hot water on a dirty side, purifies the hot water, and transmits it to a clean side having relatively cold purified water. The system further includes at least one thermoelectric element coupled to the membrane that absorbs thermal energy from the dirty side and emits thermal energy into the clean side to generate electrical power. The system further includes at least one conductor electrically coupled to the at least one thermoelectric element that channels generated electrical power away from the at least one thermoelectric element. 1. A water filtration system with power generating capability , comprising:a membrane that receives relatively hot water on a dirty side, purifies the hot water, and transmits it to a clean side having relatively cold purified water;at least one thermoelectric element coupled to said membrane that absorbs thermal energy from the dirty side and emits thermal energy into the clean side to generate electrical power; andat least one conductor electrically coupled to said at least one thermoelectric element that channels generated electrical power away from said at least one thermoelectric element.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said membrane uses a temperature gradient between the dirty side and the clean side to purify the water.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein heat in the water on the dirty side is generated by waste heat.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein heat in the water on the dirty side is generated by solar heat.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein heat in the water on the dirty side is generated by a combination of waste heat and solar heat.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical power generated by said at least one thermoelectric element is used to power at least one balance-of-plant component.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one balance-of-plant component is one or a combination of: a pump claim 6 , ...

Drain Pan Treatment Apparatus Utilizing Recycled Condensate Water

In or in combination with an evaporative air conditioner system having no external water source delivering water to the air handler unit, the invention is a drain pan treatment apparatus utilizing recycled condensate water to create a chemical solution that is delivered into the drain pan to prevent growth of algae and other microorganisms that may clog the drain port or drain conduit. The drain pan treatment apparatus comprises a diverter connector that directs a small amount of condensate water from the drain conduit or drain pump into a chemical canister containing a soluble solid chemical to create a chemical solution. The chemical solution is then delivered into the drain pan. If the air conditioner system does not include a drain pump, then a drain pump is added to deliver the condensate water to the chemical canister. 1. A drain pan treatment apparatus in combination with an evaporative air conditioning system having no external water source , the evaporative air conditioning system comprising an air handler unit , cooling coils , a drain pan receiving condensate water formed on the cooling coils , and a drain conduit removing the condensate water from said drain pan , the drain pan treatment apparatus comprising:a chemical canister adapted to retain a solid form anti-microorganism chemical;a return conduit adapted to deliver a portion of said condensate water from said drain conduit to said chemical canister, whereby said solid form anti-microorganism chemical is dissolved by said condensate water to create a chemical solution;a treatment conduit adapted to deliver said chemical solution from said chemical canister to said drain pan.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said return conduit is connected to a diverter connector disposed in said drain conduit.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a pump disposed in said drain conduit.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a pump disposed in said drain conduit.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , ...

Air-conditioning Drain Sanitation Device and System

An air-conditioning drain line sanitation system includes: an air-conditioning unit with a drain emission connector; a drain line, and an air-conditioning drain line sanitation device, including a line connector with a connector pipe segment and a container connector, and a container with an outer enclosure and an inner container with a sanitation composition, such that the air-conditioning drain line sanitation device mixes condensate fluid emitted from the drain emission connector with the sanitation composition, such that the sanitation composition sanitizes the condensate fluid and the drain line, whereby a risk of clogging the drain line is reduced. 1. An air-conditioning drain line sanitation system , comprising:a) an air-conditioning unit, comprising a drain emission connector, such that the drain emission connector is configured to emit a condensate fluid from the air-conditioning unit during operation of the air-conditioning unit;b) a drain line, which is configured with a hollow interior to allow the condensate fluid to flow away from the air-conditioning unit via the drain line; andc) an air-conditioning drain line sanitation device, which comprises a container, which comprises a sanitation composition, wherein the container is removably attached to the air-conditioning drain line sanitation device;wherein the air-conditioning drain line sanitation device is connected between an outer end of the drain emission connector and a first end of the drain line to create a fluid connection between the drain emission connector and the drain line; wherein the air-conditioning drain line sanitation device is configured to mix the condensate fluid emitted from the drain emission connector with the sanitation composition, such that the sanitation composition sanitizes the condensate fluid and the drain line, whereby a risk of clogging the drain line is reduced.2. The air-conditioning drain line sanitation system of claim 1 , wherein the air-conditioning drain line ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LIMITING ALGAE GROWTH IN CONDENSATE DRAIN LINES

A device insertable inline in a condensation drain line for preventing algae “plugs” from forming in the drain line. The device has an inlet, an outlet and a reaction chamber therebetween. A charge of algaecide is positioned with respect to the floor of the reaction chamber in a feed channel so that, as condensate enters the inlet of the reaction chamber and is diverted toward the algaecide the algae in the condensate can be killed. Additional flow diverters apply backflow to retain the condensate in contact with the algaecide momentarily before the condensate exist the device and is discharged to the environment. 1. A device , comprising:(a) a reaction chamber having a floor and a wall, said floor and said wall defining an interior of said reaction chamber;(b) an inlet leading into said reaction chamber from outside said wall;(c) an outlet leading out of said reaction chamber, said outlet being spaced apart from said inlet, said floor of said reaction chamber being between said inlet and said outlet, said inlet and said outlet of said reaction chamber being dimensioned to connect to an inlet and an outlet of a condensate line, respectively, for receiving a flow of condensate into said inlet, said flow continuing across said floor of said reaction chamber, and out of said outlet; and(d) an algaecide in said reaction chamber and positioned with respect to said floor of said reaction chamber to interact with condensate entering said reaction chamber via said inlet and flowing across said floor of said reaction chamber from said inlet to said outlet.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a feed channel extending into said reaction chamber claim 1 , said feed channel having an opening therethrough claim 1 , and said charge of algaecide being dimensioned to fit inside said feed channel.3. The device of claim 1 , said algaecide being dissolvable in said condensate.4. The device of claim 1 , said algaecide being chlorine.5. The device of claim 1 , said algaecide ...

In-line chlorinator for air conditioner drains

The Drain Free Applicator is an invention that prevents the buildup of mold and algae in pipes that drain condensation produced by evaporation coils within an air conditioning unit. This invention does so by holding treating tablets that are dissolved by the draining condensation and swept into the draining pipelines. This invention prevents the drain pan from filling up and overflowing with subsequent water damage to floors and ceilings. In newer units, it prevents triggering the water level sensor and shutting down the air conditioning unit. 1. A device for holding treating tablets within a flow of drained condensation from an air conditioning unit. These tablets dissolve slowly preventing the buildup of algae and mold.2. The invention in further comprising of an inlet and outlet fitting.3. The invention in wherein the fittings have a set diameter of ¾″ claim 2 , but may be redesigned to fit drain line piping systems of different sizes.4. The invention in further comprising of a canister for holding tablets5. The invention in wherein the canister has a set diameter of 3″ claim 4 , but may be redesigned to contain other tablets of different sizes.6. The invention in further comprising of a capped assembly atop the canister.7. The invention in wherein the cap may be fitted or threaded to match the canister in order to hold pressure. Currently, there are not any relevant applications that perform the same tasks as this.The evaporator coils in an air conditioning unit produce condensation when warm air passes over them, and this condensation is collected in the drain pan. This drain pan has a drain line that allows the condensation to be drained to the building's waste lines or an outside drain. Mold and algae develop in these warm and humid conditions. This mold and algae cause blockages in the piping network which can cause the drain pan to overflow. If the drain pan over flows in an older air conditioning unit, floors or ceilings can suffer water damage, and in ...

Membrane cleaning and desalination with a membrane using acoustic pressure shock waves

Acoustic pressure shock waves are applied to a membrane in a fluid to prevent attachment of or dislodge biological or solid matter for membrane cleaning or desalination with a membrane.

Submerged membrane filtration system using reciprocating membrane

Provided is a reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus including: a membrane tank comprising a submerged membrane and configured to intake influent wastewater to be treated, the influent wastewater being filtered through the submerged membrane to produce treated water; and a reciprocation apparatus configured to move the membrane to create an inertia force which shakes foulants off from the submerged membrane under oxygen-deficient conditions, wherein the submerged membrane comprises a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane.

EDUCTOR-BASED MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

A process for treating domestic wastewater may include directing wastewater into a tank containing a membrane filter and mixed liquor. The process may include recirculating wastewater and mixed liquor from a top end of the tank into a bottom end of the tank via a recirculation conduit. The process may include introducing a flow of wastewater and mixed liquor from the recirculation conduit into an aeration device and drawing ambient air into the aeration device using the flow of wastewater and mixed liquor from the recirculation conduit. The process may also include drawing wastewater and mixed liquor proximately surrounding the aeration device into the aeration device using the flow of wastewater and mixed liquor from the recirculation conduit. The process may include aerating a mixture of wastewater and mixed liquor with the ambient air below the membrane filter. 120.-. (canceled)21. A process for treating domestic wastewater comprising:pumping wastewater into a tank containing a membrane filter and mixed liquor;recirculating wastewater and mixed liquor from a top end of the tank into a bottom end of the tank via a recirculation conduit;pumping a flow of recirculated wastewater and mixed liquor from the top end of the tank into a mixing channel of an aeration device via the recirculation conduit;drawing ambient air into the mixing channel of the aeration device using the flow of wastewater and mixed liquor from the recirculation conduit;drawing wastewater and mixed liquor proximately surrounding the aeration device into the mixing channel of the aeration device using the flow of wastewater and mixed liquor from the recirculation conduit; andgenerating bubbles in the mixing channel with the wastewater, mixed liquor, and ambient air.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the aeration device is disposed in the tank.23. The process of claim 21 , wherein the aeration device is disposed in a side tank fluidly connected with the tank.24. The process of claim 21 , wherein ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR OILFIELD WATER CLARIFICATION PROCESSES

Disclosed are aqueous water clarifier compositions used to demulsify and clarify oil-water dispersions and emulsions derived from petroleum industry operations. The disclosed aqueous water clarifier composition comprises an anionic polymer, a chelating agent, optionally a base, and optionally an alcohol. Specifically the anionic polymer is a latex dispersion of an anionic polymers comprise an anionic polymer comprising: A) 2 to 80 percent by weight of at least one C-Cα,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer; B) 15 to 80 percent by weight of at least one nonionic, copolymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer; C) 0 to 50 percent by weight of one or more of the following monomers: C1) at least one nonionic vinyl surfactant ester; or C2) at least one nonionic, copolymerizable α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having longer polymer chains than monomer B), or C3) at least one nonionic urethane monomer; and, optionally, D) 0 to 5 percent by weight of at least one crosslinker. Said aqueous water clarifier compositions demonstrate good pumpability with reduced tendency to foul pumps. 112-. (canceled)14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the chelating agent is sodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic and the base is sodium hydroxide.15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the latex dispersion includes from 28 to 30 percent active latex.16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the aqueous water clarifier composition reduces pump fouling.17. A method for demulsifying and clarifying oil-in-water emulsions derived from petroleum production and refining operations claim 13 , the method comprising adding to the oil-in-water emulsions the aqueous water clarifier composition as claimed in .18. A method of for inhibiting and mitigating the formation of oil-water emulsions generated during petroleum industry operations from oil and aqueous precursors which become mixed during said operations claim 13 , said method comprising providing to the oil ...

REDUCED NEGATIVE ZETA POTENTIAL SANITIZATION METHOD AND SYSTEM

Methods and systems for sanitization of liquid solutions and food products are provided. In some embodiments, methods are provided for treating a food product or food product preparation or packaging surface to reduce microbial content, comprising contacting the food product or food product preparation or packaging surface with a chlorinated nanobubble solution comprising electrolyzed water. In some embodiments, methods are provided for reducing the growth of bacteria and reversing the growth of biofilm in a water system, comprising chlorinating source water and passing the chlorinated source water through a low zeta potential crystal generator. In some embodiments, methods are provided for purifying water, comprising chlorinating the water and passing the chlorinated water through a low zeta potential crystal generator. 1. A method of treating a food product to reduce microbial content , comprising contacting the food product with a chlorinated nanobubble solution , wherein the chlorinated nanobubble solution comprises electrolyzed water , and wherein the microbial content of the food product is reduced by at least about 0.3 log CFU/g.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyzed water has an enhanced concentration of low zeta potential crystal and is generated by passing source water through a low zeta potential crystal generator and changing the crystalline structure of minerals in the source water.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated nanobubble solution comprises nanobubbles having a diameter of less than 200 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated nanobubble solution comprises free available chlorine in an amount of less than or equal to 300 ppm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated nanobubble solution comprises free available chlorine in an amount of between 0.5 ppm and 50 ppm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinated nanobubble solution has a pH of between 5 and 7.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

CAPACITIVE-DEIONIZATION-TYPE NUTRITIVE SALT REMOVAL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USE IN DAM OR WEIR

A capacitive-deionization-type nutritive salt removal system and method uses capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove nutritive salts that cause eutrophication of water due to a water-bloom phenomenon in water held by a dam or a weir. The system includes an intake pump configured to take in the water; a first nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter out nutritive salts from the taken-in water; a second nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to secondarily filter out nutritive salts from the primarily filtered water; and a nutritive salt storage tank configured to collect and store nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit. When one filter train is operating the first or second nutritive salt filtration unit, another filter train is subjected to automatic cleaning in a standby state. 1. A system using capacitive deionization (CDI) to remove nutritive salts from bloomed water held by a dam or a weir , the system comprising:an intake pump configured to take in the water;a first nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter out nutritive salts from the taken-in water;a second nutritive salt filtration unit configured to use capacitive deionization to secondarily filter out nutritive salts from the primarily filtered water; anda nutritive salt storage tank configured to collect and store nutritive salts filtered through the second nutritive salt filtration unit.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first nutritive salt filtration unit comprises:a first filter train for primary CDI, configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter nutritive salts from the taken-in water; anda second filter train for primary CDI, configured to use capacitive deionization to primarily filter nutritive salts from the taken-in water.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the second nutritive salt filtration unit ...

A METHOD FOR CYANOBACTERIA AND/OR CYANOBACTERIA METABOLITES REMOVAL IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

A method for cyanobacteria removal in an aqueous solution, includes a first main step of determining a percentage of coagulable dissolved aromatic organic matter to remove corresponding to a cyanobacteria percentage concentration to remove, a second main step of determining an optimal coagulant dose corresponding to the determined percentage of coagulable dissolved aromatic organic matter to remove and a third main step of applying the optimal coagulant dose as the adjusted coagulant dose for cyanobacteria removal. The invention may comprise an evaluation of cyanobacteria concentration in the aqueous solution. The invention may comprise a metabolite removal step adapted for removing dissolved cyanobacteria metabolites, comprising applying a powdered activated carbon dose/contact time couple as by determining at least one Freundlich coefficient for each metabolite type in the aqueous solution. 1. A method for cyanobacteria removal in an aqueous solution , comprising the following main steps:a first main step of determining a percentage of coagulable dissolved aromatic organic matter to remove corresponding to a cyanobacteria percentage concentration to remove;a second main step of determining an optimal coagulant dose corresponding to the determined percentage of coagulable dissolved aromatic organic matter to remove and;a third main step of applying said optimal coagulant dose as the adjusted coagulant dose for cyanobacteria removal.2. The method as claimed in comprising claim 1 , prior to the main steps claim 1 , the following preliminary steps:a first preliminary step of determining the cyanobacteria concentration percentage to remove;a second preliminary step of measuring the turbidity of the aqueous solution;a third preliminary step of measuring the dissolved aromatic organic matter of the aqueous solution;a fourth preliminary step of identifying for the aqueous solution a category among at least two categories of water according to the measured turbidity and ...

TIME-RELEASE TABLET AND METHODS

A time-release composition and method of making and using the time-release composition. The time-release composition may include an active ingredient that is useful in deterring unwanted growth, such as bacterial and fungal growth, in high-flow water environments. The composition can include several active ingredients to provide a multiple use tablet. The multi-use tablet can be used to dispense any combination of active ingredients that act as clarifiers, minerals, medications, buffers, chemical dosing, and/or other maintenance components, such as growth deterrents and water filtration augmentation and any combination thereof. 1. A time-release composition comprising:a. an active ingredientb. a pH buffer andc. a binder material.2. The time-release composition of claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient is poly[oxyethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride].3. The time-release composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH buffer is selected from a group consisting of calcium hydroxide claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , limestone claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , carbonic acid and combinations thereof.4. The time-release composition of claim 1 , wherein the binder material is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene glycol claim 1 , gypsum plaster claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , calcium sulfate claim 1 , polyethylene glycol and potash and combinations thereof.5. The time-release composition of claim 1 ,wherein the poly[oxyethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride], the calcium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate and the binder are wet ingredients forming a molded block.6. The time-release composition of claim 2 , wherein the poly[oxyethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene(dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride] is 0.1% to about 2% by weight.7. The time-release composition of claim 3 , wherein the pH buffer is calcium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate and wherein the calcium ...

PEPTIDES AND COMPOSITIONS FOR PREVENTION OF CELL ADHESION AND METHODS OF USING SAME

Compositions comprising an isolated peptide, which may for example optionally comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of FDYDWY (SEQ ID NO: 2), SFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKN (SEQ ID NO: 3) or CSFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKNC (SEQ ID NO: 1), or any cyclized version thereof, and methods of using same, including for treatment of or prevention of formation of microbial biofilms and against adhesion of a cell to a surface. 1. A surface coated with a composition comprising a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of FDYDWY (SEQ ID NO: 2) , SFDYDWY (SEQ ID NO: 7) , SFDYDWYN (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HSFDYDWYN (SEQ ID NO: 9) , HSFDYDWYNV (SEQ ID NO: 10) , VHSFDYDWYNV (SEQ ID NO: 11) , VHSFDYDWYNVS (SEQ ID NO: 12) , SVHSFDYDWYNVS (SEQ ID NO: 13) , SVHSFDYDWYNVSD (SEQ ID NO: 14) , KSVHSFDYDWYNVSD (SEQ ID NO: 15) , KSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQ (SEQ ID NO: 16) , NKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQ (SEQ ID NO: 17) , NKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQA (SEQ ID NO: 18) , QNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQA (SEQ ID NO: 19) , QNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQAD (SEQ ID NO: 20) , SQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQAD (SEQ ID NO: 21) , SQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADL (SEQ ID NO: 22) , FSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADL (SEQ ID NO: 23) , FSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLK (SEQ ID NO: 24) , SFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLK (SEQ ID NO: 25) , SFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKN (SEQ ID NO: 3) , CSFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKN (SEQ ID NO: 26) , CSFSQNKSVHSFDYDWYNVSDQADLKNC (SEQ ID NO: 1) , SVHSFDYDWYNV , and combinations thereof.2. The surface of claim 1 , wherein the surface is a medical device; a laboratory article; a household article; an article involved in water purification claim 1 , water storage claim 1 , or water delivery; or an article involved in food processing.3. The surface of claim 2 , wherein the medical device is selected from the group consisting of artificial blood vessels claim 2 , catheters and other devices for the removal or delivery of fluids to patients claim 2 , artificial hearts claim 2 , artificial kidneys claim 2 , orthopedic pins claim 2 , prosthetic joints claim 2 ...

METHOD FOR INCREASING THE FOULING RESISTANCE OF INORGANIC MEMBRANES BY GRAFTING WITH ORGANIC MOIETIES

Provided herein are filtration membranes for water treatment, and methods for preventing fouling of such membranes. The method described herein comprises grafting the membrane surface with an organic moiety, by reacting the surface with an organometallic reagent, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, or an organosilane. 1. A method for reducing the sensitivity of a membrane comprising an oxide and/or hydroxide of silicon or a metal to fouling comprising grafting a surface of the membrane comprising said oxide and/or hydroxide with an organic moiety Ror Rby contacting said surface with an organometallic reagent , a phosphonate , a phosphinate , or an organosilane , wherein{'sup': 1', '7', '8', '9', '7', '8', '9, 'sub': 1-12', '6-10', '7-16', '7-16', 'n', '3-8', '3-8', '4-10', '4-10', '2-12', '1-6', '1-4', '2-12', '1-4', '1-4, 'Ris selected from the group consisting of Calkyl, Caryl, Calkylaryl, Carylalkyl, —R[OR]R, Ccycloalkyl, Ccycloalkenyl, Ccycloalkylalkyl, Ccycloalkenylalkyl, Calkenyl, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, heterocyclylCalkyl, heteroarylCalkyl and Calkynyl; wherein Rand Rare independently from each other Calkylene; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and Ris Calkyl; and'}{'sup': 10', '11', '12', '13', '11', '12', '13, 'sub': 1-8', '6-10', '7-16', '7-16', 'm', '3-8', '3-8', '4-10', '4-10', '2-12', '1-6', '1-4', '2-12', '1-4, 'Ris selected from the group consisting of Calkylene, Carylene, Calkylarylene, Carylalkylene, —R[OR]R—, Ccycloalkylene, Ccycloalkenylene, Ccycloalkylalkylene, Ccycloalkenylalkylene, Calkenylene, 3- to 8-membered heterocyclylene, 5- to 10-membered heteroarylene, heterocyclylCalkylene, heteroarylCalkylene and Calkynylene; wherein R, R, and Rare independently from each other Calkylene, and m is an integer from 1 to 4;'}{'sup': 1', '10', '4', '5', '6', '4', '5', '6, 'sub': 1-6', '6-10, 'wherein Rand Rare optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from hydroxyl, —OR, amino, halo, sulfhydryl, —SR, — ...

BOP WATER FILTER CARTRIDGE

A water filter may include a diatomite-based ceramic filter having a median pore size greater than about 5 microns, and at least one of a halogen source, a UV source, an active carbon source, or a filtration membrane. A method of filtering water includes passing water from a source chamber through a diatomite-based ceramic filter having a median pore size greater than about 5 microns, and passing the water through at least one of a halogen source, an active carbon source, a UV source, or a filtration membrane to a collection chamber. The diatomite-based ceramic filter may further include bentonite. The water filter may include a biocide. The water filter may have a flow rate greater than about 5 L/hr when normalized to a surface area of 0.015 m. The water filter may reduce bacteria by greater than about 6-log. The halogen source may include a halogen elution system or a surface modification of the diatomite-based ceramic filter. 1. A diatomite-based ceramic filter , said ceramic filter having:a permeability of greater than about 0.5 Darcy;an abrasion mass loss value of less than about 25 mg/cm2;and wherein the diatomite-based ceramic filter reduces bacteria by greater than about 3-log.2. A water filter comprising:a diatomite-based ceramic filter, said ceramic filter having:a permeability of greater than about 0.5 Darcy;an abrasion mass loss value of less than about 25 mg/cm2;and wherein the diatomite-based ceramic filter reduces bacteria by greater than about 3-log.3. A method of filtering water , the method comprising:passing water from a source chamber through a diatomite-based ceramic filter having:a permeability of greater than about 0.5 Darcy;an abrasion mass loss value of less than about 25 mg/cm2;wherein the diatomite-based ceramic filter reduces bacteria by greater than about 3-log; andpassing the water to a collection chamber.4. A diatomite-based ceramic filter in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the median pore size of the diatomite-based ceramic filter ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DISINFECTING SYSTEMS

UV light disinfecting system where UV light is distributed along the walls of a highly reflective tube. In some embodiments, the UV light disinfecting system is flexible. In at least one embodiment, the UV light disinfecting system includes at least one UV-LED positioned external to a highly reflective tube. In exemplary embodiments, the reflective tube includes a plurality of openings that are arranged so as to position each opening adjacent to a corresponding UV-LED such that UV light generated by the corresponding UV-LED is able to pass through the opening and into the reflective tube. The UV light is scattered along the length of the reflective tube to prevent or eliminate the presence of biofilms as well as to disinfect, sterilize, and purify and pathogens within the tube. Methods to mitigate the growth of biofilms in a water conduit is also provided. 1. A UV light disinfecting system comprising:{'claim-text': [{'claim-text': ['i) an inner reflective surface; and', 'ii) at least one feature in the outer wall of the flexible, reflective tube configured to guide UV light into the open interior region;'], '#text': 'wherein the flexible, reflective tube comprises:'}, 'wherein the flexible, reflective tube has a total reflectivity of more than 90% and a diffuse UV reflectivity of more than 80%;'], '#text': 'a flexible, reflective tube having an outer wall defining an open interior region,'}at least one UV-LED coupled to the flexible, reflective tube and aligned with the at least one feature; and{'claim-text': ['wherein the at least one UV-LED is configured to scatter UV light emitted therefrom along a length of the flexible, reflective tube to homogeneously illuminate the open interior region.', 'wherein the at least one UV-LED is configured to scatter UV light emitted therefrom'], '#text': 'an electronic set up to power the at least one UV-LED;'}2. The UV light disinfecting system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one feature comprises at least one opening.3. The ...

BIOPOLYMERIC WATER TREATMENT

A method of in-situ treatment of a body of water comprising at least one contaminant includes adding a blended water treatment substance to the body of water. The blended water treatment substance includes at least one geopolymer and at least one cationic biopolymer. The at least one contaminant is adsorbed from the contaminated water onto the geopolymer. The at least one geopolymer upon which the at least one contaminant is adsorbed is coagulated with the at least one cationic biopolymer. The coagulated at least one geopolymer, at least one biopolymer, and at least one contaminant is precipitated to settle within the water body. 1. A method of in-situ treatment of a body of water comprising at least one contaminant , the method comprising:adding a blended water treatment substance to the body of water in-situ, the blended water treatment substance comprising at least one geopolymer and at least one cationic biopolymer;adsorbing the at least one contaminant from the contaminated water onto the geopolymer;coagulating the at least one geopolymer upon which the at least one contaminant is adsorbed with the at least one cationic biopolymer; andprecipitating the coagulated at least one geopolymer, at least one biopolymer, and at least one contaminant to settle within the water body.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one geopolymer is a plurality of geopolymers and the plurality of geopolymers in the blended water treatment substance comprises:Aragonite in an amount up to 30%;Bentonite in an amount up to 30%;Zeolite in an amount up to 90%; andat least one other additive in an amount 0-20%.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Aragonite is between 20-30% claim 2 , the Bentonite is between 20-30% claim 2 , and the Zeolite is between 20-60%.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of geopolymers of the blended water treatment substance comprises between 10%-40% particles having diameters between 0.062 mm-4.0 mm and comprises between 60%-90% particles ...

Hvac fluid conditioning system

According to principles of the present inventive concepts, an HVAC fluid conditioning system comprises an inlet port configured to receive HVAC fluid from an HVAC condensation line. A conditioning system treats the HVAC fluid with a chemical or other treatment process to prevent the growth of harmful pollutants within the HVAC condensation line. The treated HVAC fluid is then released from the conditioning system through an outlet port thereof and back into the HVAC condensation line. A trap system can be provided to trap harmful gases created during the HVAC fluid treatment process.

USE OF ALKYD RESINS

The present invention relates to the use of alkyd resins for disinfecting purposes. It further relates to the use of alkyd resins for disinfecting purposes in antimicrobial surfaces, paints or coatings. 1. A method for providing antibacterial , disinfecting and/or self-sanitizing properties to at least part of a surface of a substrate comprising the step of applying a cured alkyd resin that is free of any biocidal product as defined in Article 3(1)(a) of the Regulation (EU) No. 528-2012 of the European Parliament and the Counsel of 22 May 2012 to the at least part of said surface of said substrate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least part of said surface of said substrate is provided with antibacterial properties.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyd resin is a polyester modified with fatty acids.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyd resin is a linear polyester.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyd resin is a branched polyester containing fatty-acid side groups.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyd resin is further modified with or contains an unsaturated or saturated oil.7. The method to claim 6 , wherein the unsaturated or saturated oil is selected from the group consisting of linseed oil claim 6 , sunflower oil claim 6 , coconut oil claim 6 , rapeseed oil claim 6 , peppermint oil claim 6 , lavender oil claim 6 , soybean oil claim 6 , safflower oil claim 6 , walnut oil claim 6 , fish oil claim 6 , corn oil claim 6 , tall oil claim 6 , dehydrated castor oil claim 6 , cumin oil claim 6 , flax oil claim 6 , wood oil claim 6 , and vernonia oil and mixtures thereof.840. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the amount of unsaturated or saturated oil is higher than 60 wt.-% based on the total weight of the alkyd resin if a long-oil alkyd resin is selected claim 6 , between 40 wt.-% and 60 wt.-% based on the total weight of the alkyd resin if a medium-oil alkyd resin is selected ...

FLOWING-WATER STERILIZATION SYSTEM

Provided is a flowing-water sterilization system that includes a flow channel for passing seawater to be sterilized, and a light source emitting ultraviolet light to irradiate the seawater passing through the flow channel, wherein the light source includes a light-emitting diode that emits light not including infrared light. The light-emitting diode may emit ultraviolet light that has a wavelength of not less than 250 nm and not more than 350 nm and does not include light with a wavelength of not more than 200 nm. The system may further include a cooling unit for cooling the light source. 1. A flowing-water sterilization system , comprising:a flow channel for passing seawater to be sterilized, the flow channel including a straight pipe having one end for being introduced with the seawater and the other end for discharging the seawater; anda light source including a light-emitting diode provided to be spaced from the other end of the straight pipe so as to face the other end of the straight pipe, the light-emitting diode emitting light including ultraviolet light and no infrared light in the axial direction of the straight pipe.2. The flowing-water sterilization system according to claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting diode emits ultraviolet light that has a peak wavelength ranging from 250 nm to 350 nm claim 1 , the ultraviolet light not including light with a wavelength equal to or less than 200 nm.3. The flowing-water sterilization system according to claim 1 , further comprising a cooling unit for cooling the light source.4. The flowing-water sterilization system according to claim 1 , wherein the straight pipe extends linearly claim 1 , and the light source is provided upstream of the straight pipe and emits ultraviolet light in the axial direction of the straight pipe.5. The flowing-water sterilization system according to claim 1 , further comprising:a flow rate-detecting unit for detecting a flow rate of the seawater flowing through the flow channel; anda ...

Conotoxin Peptides for Use in Biofouling Deterrence

Materials and methods for prevention of biofouling that incorporate the presence of a conotoxin peptide on a surface are described. The conotoxin peptide is either directly or indirectly adhered to the surface and interferes with the ability of biofouling organisms to settle on the surface. 1. A method for preventing biofouling , the method comprising directly or indirectly adhering a conotoxin peptide to an aquatic surface.2. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising pretreating the surface to form reactive functionality on the surface.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reactive functionality is a product of a reaction between an azide and an alkyne.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising applying a coating composition to the surface claim 1 , the coating composition comprising the conotoxin peptide.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the coating composition is a marine paint.6. The method of claim 4 , the conotoxin peptide being bonded to a component of the coating composition.7. The method of claim 1 , the conotoxin peptide being bonded to the aquatic surface via a linking agent.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface comprises metal claim 1 , wood claim 1 , concrete claim 1 , glass claim 1 , or an organic polymer.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conotoxin peptide is a χ-conotoxin peptide.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conotoxin peptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 3 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 4 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 5 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 6 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 7 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 8 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 9 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 10 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 11 claim 1 , SEQ ID NO: 12 claim 1 , or SEQ ID NO: 13.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is the surface of a ship or a fixed or floating marine structure.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conotoxin peptide is directly or indirectly adhered to the surface in an amount of about 10peptides per square centimeter or greater.13. A ...

Accumulated residue removal from carriers used in a water treatment system

A water treatment system including an enclosure for water to be treated, a multiplicity of biomass carriers located within the enclosure, at least one airlift in the enclosure for raising the water and the biomass carriers and at least one mechanical biomass carrier accumulated residue removal apparatus operative to remove accumulated residue from the biomass carriers.

Membrane, membrane contactor, apparatus and method for removal of dissolved oxygen from fluid

A hollow fiber membrane for removal of dissolved oxygen from fluid that is made of a porous hydrophobic material and an apparatus for controlling nitrate concentration level in water comprising a membrane contactor having the membrane, the membrane comprises at least one tubular fiber comprising: an outer wall for contacting fluid external to the tubular fiber; at least three inner channel walls for contacting fluid internal of the tubular fiber, wherein each inner channel wall forms a fluid communicating channel; a plurality of pores, wherein pores proximate to surfaces of the outer wall and each inner channel wall are smaller in size than pores non-proximate to said surfaces of the outer wall and each inner channel wall, wherein a central portion of the tubular fiber has a thickness greater than thickness of the tubular fiber outside the central portion.

DEVICES FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF BIOLFILMS IN BOTTLED WATER DISPENSERS

A bottled water dispenser is disclosed that includes a water bottle, a cold tank, and an ozone generator, which is fluidly coupled to a Y-connector. The dispenser includes a first tube that is fluidly coupled to a first port of the Y-connector, with the first tube being configured to deliver ozone gas to the cold tank. The dispenser further includes a second tube that is fluidly coupled to a second port of the Y-connector, with the second tube being configured to deliver ozone gas to the water bottle. The ozone gas is effective to sterilize and prevent biofilm formation within the interior areas of the cold tank and water bottle. The dispensers further include an in-line flow restrictor positioned in-line with either the first tube or second tube, which helps balance the flow of ozone that is delivered to the cold tank and water bottle. 1. A bottled water dispenser , which comprises:(a) a water bottle positioned within a bottom half of the dispenser;(b) a cold tank;(c) an ozone generator that is fluidly coupled to a Y-connector, wherein the Y-connector includes a first port and a second port;(d) a first tube that is fluidly coupled to the first port of the Y-connector that is configured to deliver ozone gas produced by the ozone generator to the cold tank; and(e) a second tube that is fluidly coupled to the second port of the Y-connector that is configured to deliver ozone gas produced by the ozone generator to the water bottle, wherein the ozone gas is effective to sterilize and prevent biofilm formation within (i) an interior space within the cold tank located above a volume of water and (ii) an interior space within the water bottle located above a volume of water.2. The bottled water dispenser of claim 1 , which further comprises an in-line flow restrictor positioned in-line with the first tube or second tube.3. The bottled water dispenser of claim 2 , wherein (a) the in-line flow restrictor is positioned in-line with the first tube claim 2 , if the first tube ...

Antipbiofouling arrangement and method of designing such an arrangement

In an anti-biofouling context, an arrangement (1) is provided which comprises an object (10) and a light-emitting system (20) arranged on at least a main surface (11a) of the object (10). The light-emitting system (20) includes a plurality of light sources (21) for emitting anti-biofouling light and is configured to emit the light in a direction away from the object (10). The light sources (21) are arranged in the light-emitting system (20) in at least two different light-emitting groups (22) having respective main directions of emission (23) of the anti-biofouling light, the main directions of emission (23) of at least two light-emitting groups (22) having different spatial orientations when viewed on an unfolded and flattened area of the main surface (11a) where the light-emitting groups (22) are located. Consequently, the area that is reached by the anti-biofouling light during operation of

Activated solutions for water treatment

The present invention relates to activated solutions comprising one or more of hypochlorous acid, bicarbonate ions, and phosphate ions for use in water treatment, in particular water purification and descaling, and processes for making the same.

Oscillatory crossflow membrane separation

Oscillatory crossflow membrane separation apparatus and methods are disclosed for effluent treatment. The apparatus include a membrane module with a housing containing a membrane element, said module having an input for receiving effluent for treatment and a treated effluent output. A crossflow pump is connected for moving oscillating fluid through the membrane module and a feed pressure pump is connected with the membrane module for applying membrane operating pressure. A fluid oscillator is active with either pump for pulsating fluid received thereat. 1. A method for vibratory membrane separation of an effluent fluid to be treated comprising the steps of:directing effluent fluid to be treated to a membrane separation module having a membrane element oriented so that a fluid column is defined therein, the effluent fluid directed through a fluid feed line at a selected feed velocity providing an effluent stream at a first selected flow volume;applying fluid through a fluid pressure line at said membrane separation module to establish selected membrane operating pressure at a second selected flow volume; andoscillating fluid at one of said lines or said membrane separation module at a selected fluid oscillation velocity greater than said selected feed velocity thereby providing up-stroke and down-stroke oscillations for pulsating combined said first and said second flow volumes of said fluids directed and applied through said lines, said down-stroke oscillations having a shear rate greater than shear rate of said up-stroke oscillations.2. The method of wherein the step of oscillating fluid includes providing adequate oscillation amplitude height to produce effective said shear rates between about 5 and 14 times non-oscillating crossflow membrane separation method rates operating at a standard crossflow velocity of 1 m/s.3. The method of wherein said effective shear rate with said up-stroke oscillations is about 5 times non-oscillating crossflow membrane separation ...

RAPID ENZYME ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD

An autonomous and independent biofouling detecting system for detecting biofouling associated with a plant membrane based on a test membrane. The biofouling detecting system includes the test membrane, which shares a feed with the plant membrane; a molecule detecting sensor that detects a presence of a molecule associated with biofouling of the test membrane; and a global controller that controls a flow of the feed through the test membrane and determines when the test membrane needs cleaning.

Efficient Produced Water and Waste Heat-aided Blowdown Water Treatment Process Resulting in Value-added By-products

This invention provides processes for treating a mixture of produced water and blowdown water comprising introducing produced water (PW) into blowdown water (BD) for forming a PW-BD water mixture, softening the PW-BD water mixture, subjecting the PW-BD water mixture to activated carbon filtration and reverse osmosis membrane desalination. The process generates a product water and a brine by-product.

CONJUGATED POLYELECTROLYTE-GRAFTED MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a conjugated polyelectrolyte-grafted membrane, which is obtained by fixing a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) capable of generating active oxygen under visible light irradiation to a membrane through crosslinking, and can remove contaminants in water, while reducing bio-fouling on the surface of the membrane, by generating active oxygen through a photocatalytic reaction of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), as well as to a method for manufacturing the same. The method for manufacturing a conjugated polyelectrolyte-grafted membrane includes the steps of: preparing a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE); coating a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) on the surface of a membrane; and carrying out crosslinking of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) with the surface of the membrane.

METHOD FOR UTILIZING MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT SOURCES OF WATER IN A COOLING TOWER

A cooling tower system is disclosed. The cooling system includes a cooling tower; at least two make-up water inlet streams configured to supply water to the cooling tower; a blowdown stream configured to remove water from the cooling tower; at least one sensor monitoring water in each of the make-up water inlet streams; and a controller operably connected to the at least one sensor. 1. A cooling tower system , comprising:a cooling tower;at least two make-up water inlet streams configured to supply water to the cooling tower;a blowdown stream configured to remove water from the cooling tower;at least one sensor monitoring water in each of the make-up water inlet streams; anda controller operably connected to the at least one sensor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least two make-up water inlet streams comprises three make-up water inlet streams.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least two make-up water inlet streams are connected to a pipe that is connected to the cooling tower claim 1 , and the pipe carries water from the at least two make-up water inlet streams into the cooling tower.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is a conductivity sensor.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is a flow sensor.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein each make-up water inlet stream is monitored by at least two sensors.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least two sensors are a conductivity sensor and a flow sensor.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller stores a conductivity set-point.9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a distributed control system operably connected to the controller.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system does not include a make-up water holding tank configured to supply water to the cooling tower.11. A method of controlling cooling water treatment claim 1 , comprising:receiving data from at least one sensor monitoring water in at least two make-up water inlet streams ...

Deflector Disc of Disc Tube Membrane Module

The present invention discloses a deflector disc of a disc tube membrane module, including a deflector disc body, radial water distribution ribs, an inner support ring and an outer support ring. a first end and a second end of the radial water distribution rib are respectively fixedly connected with an inner edge of the deflector disc body and an outer edge of the inner support ring, an annular boss is arranged on the front side of the inner support ring, a seal ring groove is respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the front side and back side of the inner support ring multiple yielding water collecting grooves are annularly and uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the inner support ring and an inner edge of the outer support ring is fixedly connected with an outer edge of the deflector disc body.

RELATING TO TREATMENT OF WATER

The present invention relates to water treatment. In one embodiment there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method comprises adding treatment agents to said aqueous system and wherein said treatment agents comprise: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) an oxazolidine compound. 1. A method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein , wherein the method comprises adding treatment agents to said aqueous system and wherein said treatment agents comprise:(a) a tetra alkyl phosphonium compound; and(b) an oxazolidine compound.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the tetra alkyl phosphonium compound (a) comprises tri n-butyl n-tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC).3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxazolidine compound (b) comprises 4 claim 1 ,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO).4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of facultative anaerobic bacteria and/or anaerobic bacteria and/or to reduce the number of live facultative anaerobic bacteria and/or anaerobic bacteria therein.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises treating an aqueous system having a total dissolved solids (TDS) of 1000 mg lor greater.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises adding a tetra alkyl phosphonium compound (a) to an aqueous system in an amount of at least 1 part per million (ppm).7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises adding an oxazolidine compound (b) to an aqueous system such in an amount of at least at least 1 part per million (ppm).8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises adding a tetra alkyl phosphonium compound (a) and an oxazolidine compound (b) to an aqueous system in a weight ...

CLEANING SYSTEM FOR A BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

A ballast water treatment system includes at least one UV-light reactor with at least one UV-lamp, an inlet line for ballast water to be treated connected to the reactor and an outlet line connected to the reactor. The system includes a cleaning system for periodic cleaning of the reactor, including a water inlet line connected to the reactor for supplying water, a container with concentrated CIP-liquid connected to the reactor, a CIP-liquid inlet line connecting the container to the reactor, a dosage pump arranged in the CIP-liquid inlet line for supplying a predetermined amount of concentrated CIP-liquid to the reactor to mix with the water, a circuit comprising the reactor and a pump arranged in the circuit for circulation of water mixed with the concentrated CIP-liquid. 1. A ballast water treatment system comprising:at least one UV-light reactor with at least one UV-lamp;an inlet line for ballast water to be treated connected to the reactor;an inlet valve in the inlet line;an outlet line for discharging treated ballast water connected to the reactor; andan outlet valve in the outlet line;a circulation line having a first end connect to the inlet line between the inlet valve and the reactor and a second end connected to the outlet line between the reactor and outlet valve;a circulation circuit formed by the circulation line, the reactor, the inlet line between the inlet valve and reactor and the outlet line between the reactor and outlet valve; anda cleaning system for periodic cleaning of the reactor, said cleaning system comprising:a water inlet line connected to the circulation circuit at a first location;a clean-in-place (CIP)-liquid container with concentrated CIP-liquid; anda CIP-liquid inlet line connected to the circulation circuit at a second location, the second location being different than the first location.2. The ballast water treatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the CIP-liquid container with concentrated CIP-liquid has a low level sensor ...

SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UV RADIATION IN AQUATIC APPLICATIONS

The invention provides an object () that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object () further comprising an anti-bio fouling system () comprising an UV emitting element (), wherein the UV emitting element () comprises one or more light sources () and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation () during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part () of an external surface () of said object () and () water adjacent to said part () of said external surface (), wherein the object () is selected from the group consisting of a vessel () and an infrastructural object (), wherein the object () further comprises a water switch (), wherein the anti-bio fouling system () is configured to provide said UV radiation () to said part () in dependence of the water switch () being in physical contact with the water. 1221. An object that during use is at least partly submerged in water , the object further comprising an anti-biofouling system comprising an UV emitting element , wherein the UV emitting element comprises one or more light sources and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part of an external surface of said object and (ii) water adjacent to said part of said external surface , wherein the object is selected from the group consisting of a vessel and an infrastructural object , wherein the object further comprises a water switch , wherein the anti-biofouling system (NCO-is configured to provide said UV radiation () to said part in dependence of the water switch being in physical contact with the water , and wherein the water switch is an electrical switch which upon contact with the water switches an electrical device on or off.2. The object according to claim 1 , wherein the UV emitting element comprises a UV radiation escape surface and wherein the UV emitting element is configured to provide said UV radiation downstream from said UV radiation escape surface of said UV emitting element claim ...

PEPTIDES AND COMPOSITIONS FOR PREVENTION OF CELL ADHESION AND METHODS OF USING SAME

Compositions comprising an isolated peptide, which may for example optionally comprise a sequence consisting of SVHSFDYDWYNV, or any cyclized version thereof, and methods of using same, including for treatment of or prevention of formation of microbial biofilms and against adhesion of a cell to a surface. 1. A surface at least partially coated with a composition comprising a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence consisting of SVHSFDYDWYNV (SEQ ID NO. 28).2. The surface of claim 1 , wherein the surface is a medical device; a laboratory article; a household article; an article involved in water purification claim 1 , water storage claim 1 , or water delivery; or an article involved in food processing.3. The surface of claim 2 , wherein the medical device is selected from the group consisting of artificial blood vessels claim 2 , catheters and other devices for the removal or delivery of fluids to patients claim 2 , artificial hearts claim 2 , artificial kidneys claim 2 , orthopedic pins claim 2 , prosthetic joints claim 2 , plates claim 2 , urinary devices claim 2 , ventricular or arterio-venous shunts claim 2 , prostheses claim 2 , breast implants claim 2 , penile prostheses claim 2 , vascular grafting prostheses claim 2 , aneurysm repair devices claim 2 , mechanical heart valves claim 2 , artificial joints claim 2 , artificial larynxes claim 2 , otological implants claim 2 , anastomotic devices claim 2 , vascular catheter ports claim 2 , vascular stents claim 2 , clamps claim 2 , embolic devices claim 2 , wound drain tubes claim 2 , ocular lenses claim 2 , dental implants claim 2 , hydrocephalus shunts claim 2 , pacemakers and implantable defibrillators claim 2 , needleless connectors claim 2 , voice prostheses claim 2 , urological tubes claim 2 , biliary tubes claim 2 , endotracheal tubes claim 2 , peripherably insertable central venous catheters claim 2 , dialysis catheters claim 2 , long term tunneled central venous catheters claim 2 , peripheral venous ...

Inhibition of sensor biofouling

Generating hydrogen peroxide in situ in a water environment to mitigate biofouling of a water sensor. A hydrogen peroxide generator submerged in the water environment generates hydrogen peroxide to remove/mitigate biofouling of the water sensor. The water sensor may be an electrochemical sensor and the hydrogen peroxide generator may be an electrochemical system that is integrated with the sensor. The water sensor may be able to operate without interference from the generated hydrogen peroxide.

A POLYELECTROLYTE-BASED SACRIFICIAL PROTECTIVE LAYER FOR FOULING CONTROL IN DESALINATION AND WATER FILTRATION

A method of providing fouling control in a membrane system includes generating a sacrificial protective layer (PL) on a surface of a membrane of the membrane system by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer, removing the PL from the membrane with a saline solution after the PL is fouled, and regenerating a new PL on the surface of the membrane by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer such that foulants present in a feed water accumulate on the PL, rather than on the membrane. The method further comprises one or more of the following: a) the saline solution is being applied with a shear force; b) the pH value of the saline solution is substantially neutral; c) the saline solution is non-toxic; d) the PL is removed without a backwash; e) the PL is not an active filtration layer, wherein a pore size of the PL is greater than a pore size of the membrane; and/or f) the PL is not disposed in pores of the membrane. 1. A method of providing fouling control in a membrane system , the method comprising the steps of:generating a sacrificial protective layer (PL) on a surface of a membrane of the membrane system by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer, such that foulants present in a feed water accumulate on the PL, rather than on the membrane;after the PL is fouled, removing the PL from the membrane with a saline solution;regenerating a new PL on the surface of the membrane by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer; a) the saline solution is being applied with a shear force;', 'b) the pH value of the saline solution is substantially neutral;', 'c) the saline solution is non-toxic;', 'd) the PL is removed without a backwash;', 'e) the PL is not an active filtration layer, wherein a pore size of the PL is greater than a pore size of the membrane; and/or', 'f) the PL is not disposed in pores of the membrane., 'wherein the method further comprises one or more of the following2. The method of ...

Methods, Compositions and Systems for Controlling Fouling of a Membrane

The present invention provides methods and compositions for improving permeability and flux in a membrane filtration system, especially in water or wastewater treatment processes. 1. A method of improving the permeability of a membrane used in a process or the flux through a membrane used in a process , comprising subjecting the membrane to one or more microorganisms capable of reducing or preventing undesirable biofilm formation on the membrane.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein microorganisms includes one or more bacterial strains capable of reducing or preventing undesirable biofilm formation on the membrane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more microorganisms are spore forming microorganisms capable of reducing or preventing undesirable biofilm formation on the membrane.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more bacterial strains are spore forming bacterial strains capable of reducing or preventing undesirable biofilm formation on the membrane.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein microorganisms includes one or more bacterial strains claim 1 , one or more fungal strains claim 1 , or a mixture of one or more bacterial and fungal strains capable of reducing or preventing undesirable biofilm formation on the membrane.6BacillusBacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus atrophaeus; Bacillus azotoformans; Bacillus brevis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus circulans; Bacillus clausii; Bacillus coagulans; Bacillus firmus; Bacillus flexus; Bacillus fusiformis; Bacillus globisporus; Bacillus glucanolyticus; Bacillus infermus; Bacillus laevolacticus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus marinus; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus mojavensis; Bacillus mycoides; Bacillus pallidus; Bacillus parabrevis; Bacillus pasteurii; Bacillus polymyxa; Bacillus popiliae; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus sphaericus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus thermoamylovorans;Bacillus thuringiensis.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is subjected to a strain of spp. claim 1 , e.g. claim 1 , or7. The ...

A method for disinfection and cleaning of at least one part of a device intended for recycling of water

The present invention describes a method for disinfection and cleaning of at least one part of a device intended for recycling of water, said method involving flowing lactic acid, citric acid and/or an enzyme based or surfactant based solution into the part intended to receive the disinfection and cleaning.

Silica Compositions

Compositions are provided, the compositions comprising: a silica compound containing at least one nitrogen atom; and a carboxylated polymer containing at least one nitrogen atom. The compositions may be useful to control algal growth, including harmful algal blooms (HAB).

Ozone generator for water purification system

A water purification system that generates ozone and passes the ozone through stored purified water to reduce the growth and/or presence of bacteria, organisms, and/or other undesirable components in purified water.

Water treatment systems and methods

Water treatment systems and methods are provided to minimize membrane fouling and the required maintenance that results therefrom. A water treatment system includes a pressure vessel with a plurality of spaced-apart membranes disposed therein, and an impeller or other means for circulating feed water through the interior of the vessel and past the membranes. Antifouling particles (such as diatomaceous earth or activated carbon) and/or pellets can be added to the feed water inhibit membrane fouling and extend the useful life of the membranes.

COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING SYNERGY IN BIOFILM CONTROL

A method of controlling and removing biofilm on a surface in contact with an aqueous industrial system comprising the step of adding an effective amount of biofilm-disrupting agent and adding a biocide to the aqueous system being treated to reduce and remove biofilm forming microbes from a surface in contact with the aqueous system is disclosed. Also disclosed is a synergistic composition of polyethyleneimine and an oxidizing biocide. 1. A method of controlling and removing biofilm on a surface in contact with an aqueous system comprising the step of adding a biofilm-disrupting agent and a biocide to the aqueous system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biocide is an oxidizing biocide selected from the group consisting of dibromonitrilo propionamide claim 1 , halogenated hydantoins claim 1 , bromochloro-dimethyl hydantoin claim 1 , hypobromous acid claim 1 , trichloroisocyanuric acid claim 1 , haloamines claim 1 , dihaloamines claim 1 , monochloramines claim 1 , dichloramines claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biocide comprises at least one of a monochloramine or a dichloramine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biocide is derived from the reaction of a chlorine moiety with a nitrogen containing compound capable of donating an ammonium ion selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium chloride claim 1 , ammonium sulfate claim 1 , ammonium acetate claim 1 , ammonium bicarbonate claim 1 , ammonium bromide claim 1 , ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbamate claim 1 , ammonium sulfamate claim 1 , ammonium nitrate claim 1 , ammonium oxalate claim 1 , ammonium persulfate claim 1 , ammonium phosphate claim 1 , ammonium sulfide claim 1 , urea and urea derivatives and combinations thereof.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the chlorine moiety is hypochlorite.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biocide is a non-oxidizing biocide selected from ...

COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING SYNERGY IN BIOFILM CONTROL

A method of controlling and removing biofilm on a surface in contact with an aqueous industrial system comprising the step of adding an effective amount of biofilm-disrupting agent and adding a biocide to the aqueous system being treated to reduce and remove biofilm forming microbes from a surface in contact with the aqueous system is disclosed. A synergistic biocidal composition is also disclosed. 1. A method of controlling and removing biofilm on a surface in contact with an aqueous system comprising the step of adding a biofilm-disrupting agent and a biocide to the aqueous system.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocide is an oxidizing biocide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxidizing biocide is selected from the group consisting of dibromonitrilo propionamide claim 2 , halogenated hydantoins claim 2 , for example bromochloro-dimethyl hydantoin claim 2 , hypobromous acid claim 2 , trichloroisocyanuric acid claim 2 , haloamines claim 2 , dihaloamines claim 2 , monochloramines claim 2 , dichlroamines claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocide comprises at least one of monochloramine or dichloramine.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocide is derived from the reaction of a chlorine moiety with ammonium hydroxide claim 1 , ammonium chloride claim 1 , ammonium sulfate claim 1 , ammonium acetate claim 1 , ammonium bicarbonate claim 1 , ammonium bromide claim 1 , ammonium carbonate claim 1 , ammonium carbamate claim 1 , ammonium sulfamate claim 1 , ammonium nitrate claim 1 , ammonium oxalate claim 1 , ammonium persulfate claim 1 , ammonium phosphate claim 1 , ammonium sulfide claim 1 , urea and urea derivatives and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the chlorine moiety is hypochlorite.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biocide is a non-oxidizing biocide selected from the group consisting of isothiazolone biocides claim 1 , glutaraldehyde claim 1 , formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing ...

AQUARIUM FILTER

An aquarium filter consists of a housing with three filter elements including a coarse filter, a fine filter and a porous substrate. A pump provides for the flow of water through the filter, so that only part of the flow passes through the porous substrate. 119-. (canceled)20. An aquarium filter comprising:a watertight filter housing arranged in use to be purged of air, the housing containing a first coarse filter substrate, a second fine filter substrate and a third porous substrate;a filter inlet connected to the filter housing to deliver aquarium water to the housing;a filter outlet connected to the filter housing to transport filtered water from the housing to the aquarium, anda pump arranged in use to circulate water from the filter inlet, through the first coarse filter and the second fine filter to the outlet, whereby the third porous substrate is arranged such that only a partial flow of water passing through the first and second filter substrates flows through the third porous substrate.21. The filter according to claim 20 , wherein the pump has a pump inlet in fluid communication with a pump inlet chamber and the pump inlet chamber has primary openings exposed to the second filter substrate and secondary openings exposed to the third porous substrate claim 20 , a flow cross section of the primary openings being greater than a flow cross-section of the secondary openings.22. The filter according to claim 21 , wherein the pump has an outlet connected to the filter outlet.23. The filter according to claim 22 , wherein the pump is located within the pump inlet chamber.24. The filter according to claim 23 , wherein the housing comprises a lower zone in which the third porous substrate and the pump inlet chamber are located claim 23 , a middle zone in which the second fine filter is located and an upper zone in which the first coarse filter is located.25. The filter according to claim 24 , wherein the pump inlet chamber is located centrally in the lower zone and ...

SUBMERGED MEMBRANE FILTRATION SYSTEM USING RECIPROCATING MEMBRANE

Provided is a reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus including: a membrane tank comprising a submerged membrane and configured to intake influent wastewater to be treated, the influent wastewater being filtered through the submerged membrane to produce treated water; and a reciprocation apparatus configured to move the membrane to create an inertia force which shakes foulants off from the submerged membrane under oxygen-deficient conditions, wherein the submerged membrane comprises a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. 1. A reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus comprising:a membrane tank comprising a submerged membrane and configured to intake influent wastewater to be treated, the influent wastewater being filtered through the submerged membrane to produce treated water;a reciprocation apparatus configured to move the submerged membrane to create an inertia force which shakes foulants off from the submerged membrane under oxygen-deficient conditions;an anaerobic digester configured to biologically treat influent wastewater containing an organic compound by anaerobic digestion under anaerobic conditions to produce sludge and to feed a supernatant above the sludge to the membrane tank; anda high-rate digester disposed upstream of the anaerobic digester and configured to mechanically agitate influent wastewater containing an organic compound in a mixer, to heat the influent wastewater by a sludge heater to produce intermediate sludge and to feed the intermediate sludge to the anaerobic digester, in which the high-rate digester comprises a two-stage anaerobic digester together with the anaerobic digester.2. The reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the submerged membrane comprises a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane.3. The reciprocating submerged membrane filtration apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the submerged membrane is configured to be ...

MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR SYSTEM USING RECIPROCATING MEMBRANE

The present invention relates to membrane bioreactor (“MBR”) system that includes a mechanical membrane reciprocation system to reduce or eliminate membrane fouling. The disclosed MBR system can be operated with higher flux and lower fouling than MBR systems using air scouring. Furthermore the system can remove nitrogen and phosphorous with one RAS and one or no internal recirculation line. The membrane can be reciprocated by a low RPM motor connected to a pulley via belt to rotate rotor to convert rotational motion into reciprocating motion of membrane. Various mechanical means can also be employed to create the reciprocating motion. 1. A membrane reciprocation system comprising:a membrane configured to be submerged in a tank of a membrane bioreactor system; anda reciprocating apparatus configured to move the membrane, that is submerged in the tank, in a horizontal reciprocating motion with respect to the tank, in order to reduce membrane fouling.2. The membrane reciprocation system according to claim 1 , wherein the tank is one of a membrane tank or an aerobic tank.3. The membrane reciprocation system according to claim 1 , further comprising a slidable frame that is connected to the membrane claim 1 , wherein the reciprocating apparatus is connected to the slidable frame so that the reciprocating apparatus causes the slidable frame to undergo the horizontal reciprocating motion.4. A method of reducing membrane fouling of a membrane in a sequencing batch reactor claim 1 , comprising:submerging a membrane in a membrane tank of the sequencing batch reactor;mechanically move the submerged membrane, by a reciprocating apparatus, in a horizontal reciprocating motion with respect to the membrane tank while the membrane is submerged in the membrane tank;returning activated sludge, using recirculation lines, from the membrane tank to an anoxic tank and an anaerobic tank of the sequencing batch reactor.5. A sequencing batch reactor that eliminates a settling cycle ...

Composition and Method for Treating Water Systems

A solid composition for treating cooling or heated water systems to remove scale, microorganisms and biofilm, and corrosion by-products. The composition for cooling towers and chilled water systems comprises chelating agents and an anionic surfactant. The composition for boilers and heated water systems comprises a sulfite, neutralizing amines, sodium phosphate, a polymethacrylate or polyacrylate polymer. A method for using such a treatment composition comprises contacting the treatment composition with substantially all parts of the water system.

Compositions and methods for treating water by stabilizing an oxidizing biocide

Methods and liquid compositions for stabilizing an oxidizing biocide in a water system. The liquid composition comprises a hydantoin, and a surfactant, a ratio of a concentration of the hydantoin to the surfactant in the liquid composition is in a range of 1:1 to 99:1 by volume. The method comprises mixing a hydantoin, a surfactant and an oxidizing biocide with water to form a liquid treatment composition, and then adding the liquid treatment composition to a water stream in the water system, the liquid treatment composition improving the efficacy of the oxidizing biocide in the water stream.

ADSORPTIVE FILTER UNIT HAVING EXTENDED USEFUL CYCLE TIMES AND/OR AN EXTENDED SERVICE LIFE

The invention relates to a method for preparing an adsorptive filter unit having extended useful cycle times and/or an extended service life, especially improved and/or greater resilience and/or resistance against biological contamination and/or biological fouling, in particular and adsorptive filter unit for treating and/or purifying a fluid medium. 1. A method of providing an adsorptive filtering unit having an extended in-service and/or on-stream life , in particular having improved and/or increased stability and/or resistance to biocontamination and/or biofouling , in particular an adsorptive filtering unit for treating and/or cleaning a fluidic medium , preferably water , more preferably wastewater or tapwater , and/or in particular for adsorptive removal of inorganically or organically , in particular organically , based impurities ,comprising the step of endowing and/or equipping the filtering unit with at least one particulate adsorbent in the form of a spherical activated carbon,{'sup': 3', '3, 'wherein the activated carbon has a total pore volume, in particular a Gurvich total pore volume, in the range from 0.15 cm/g to 3.95 cm/g, wherein not less than 60% (i.e., ≧60%) of the total pore volume, in particular of the Gurvich total pore volume, of the activated carbon is formed by pores having pore diameters of not more than 50 nm (i.e., ≦50 nm), in particular by micro- and/or mesopores, and'}{'sub': 0', '0, 'wherein the activated carbon has a hydrophilicity, determined as water vapor adsorption behavior, such that at a partial pressure p/pof 0.6 not more than 30% of the maximum water vapor adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is exhausted and/or utilized, and/or wherein at a partial pressure p/pof 0.6 not more than 30% of the maximum water vapor saturation loading of the activated carbon is reached.'}2. The method as claimed in wherein the activated carbon has a hydrophilicity claim 1 , determined as water vapor adsorption behavior claim 1 , such that ...

INDUSTRIAL WATER LOOP TREATMENT PROCESS

A water treatment system is disclosed. The water treatment system includes a conduit for ingress of drinking water and a filter system configured for accepting said water from the conduit and filtering said water for impurities. A water-dissolvable bag is located within the filter system. The bag contains chemical salts configured for treating said water. The bag is also configured for dissolving within said water, so as to release the chemical salts into said water. 1. A water treatment system , comprising:a conduit for ingress of water;a conduit for egress of watera filter system configured for accepting said water from the conduit and filtering said water for impurities;a water-dissolvable bag located within the filter system, the bag containing chemical salts configured for treating said water, wherein the bag is configured for dissolving within said water, so as to release the chemical salts into said water.2. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said chemical salts comprise at least one dissolvable chemical salt.3. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said chemical salts contained within the bag are further configured for reducing corrosion within the water treatment system.4. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said chemical salts contained within the bag are further configured for reducing fouling within the water treatment system.5. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a hot water heating loop treatment system claim 1 , glycol loop treatment system claim 1 , chilled water loop system claim 1 , open recirculating cooling loop system claim 1 , boiler feed water system claim 1 , RO feed system claim 1 , potable water feed system claim 1 , a process water feed system claim 1 , wastewater system or any combination thereof.6. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the chemical salts are dissolvable so as to move with a flow of water.7. A water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said chemical ...

LOW ENERGY REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS

We provide a system and method for reverse osmosis treatment of water, including seawater and brackish water. Methods and systems of embodiments of the invention may include, for example, ultrafiltration followed by biofoulant removal, both of which precede reverse osmosis. In preferred embodiments the system is run at a low flux. For example, a flux of 6-8 GFD may be used with seawater. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for removal of biofoulants from water , comprising:filtering water through an ultrafiltration membrane, thereby removing turbidity including bacteria and viruses from the water;filtering the water for biofoulant removal, thereby removing biofoulants, additional bacteria, and additional viruses from the water, wherein the step of filtering the water through an ultrafiltration membrane precedes the step of filtering the water for biofoulant removal.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the removal of biofoulants occurs prior to a membrane purification of the water claim 21 , and wherein the removal of biofoulants decreases fouling of at least one membrane in the membrane purification.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said ultrafiltration membrane reduces SDI of the feed stream to less than 3-5 SDI.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein said ultrafiltration membrane reduces turbidity of the feed stream to less than 0.1.25. The method of claim 21 , wherein said biofoulant removal step reduces turbidity to less than 0.08.26. The method of claim 21 , wherein said removal of biofoulants is conducted using a member of the group consisting of ion exchange materials claim 21 , positively charged media claim 21 , electrochemical removal claim 21 , and electrode-based removal.27. The method of claim 21 , wherein said cleaning is conducted based on a preset increase in differential pressure or numbers of hours of operation of the reverse osmosis membrane.28. The method of claim 21 , wherein said method excludes addition of chlorine upstream of the UF membrane claim ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FEEDING IMMERSED MEMBRANE UNITS

In an immersed membrane system, the influent flows into an open membrane tank. The membrane tank can have multiple horizontally spaced immersed membrane units. The immersed membrane units may have flat sheet membrane elements within a membrane case. One or more ducts are provided in the tank for directing the flow of influent to the immersed membrane units. In some examples, the influent is divided into sub-streams that are fed through baffles to a corresponding immersed membrane unit, optionally in generally equal amounts, optionally in a single pass flow pattern. In a process of operating a membrane tank, the influent flow is directed across the bottom of the membrane tank and divided into multiple portions. Each of the multiple portions is fed directly to the bottom of a corresponding immersed membrane unit located in the tank. The influent may be mixed liquor in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). 1. A method of operating an immersed membrane system comprising the steps of ,providing a membrane tank having a plurality of immersed membrane units;feeding influent to the membrane tank;dividing the influent into multiple portions; anddirecting one of the portions of influent to the bottom of each one of the plurality of immersed membrane units.2. The method of wherein the immersed membrane system is part of a membrane bioreactor operated with a return activated sludge flow rate at least 1Q or at least 2Q.3. The method of or further comprising directing the portions of influent upwards through the plurality of membrane units.4. The method of any of to wherein the membrane tank is elongated and/or the membrane units are spaced along the length of the membrane tank.5. The method of any of to wherein at least 90% of the influent fed to the membrane tank flows directly to the bottoms of the immersed membrane units.6. The method of any of to wherein the flow rate of each of the multiple portions is within 10% of an average flow rate of the multiple portions.7. The method of any ...

Membrane filtration apparatus and process for reuse of industrial wastewater

Laundry, industrial or food processing wastewater is purified to the degree that it can be reused. Water quality is ensured through the final process of reverse osmosis (“RO”) which removes dissolved contaminants such as mineral hardness, soils and residual detergents. The process combines a ceramic tubular cross-flow membrane filter to remove the suspended solids, oils and greases ahead of the RO. The RO process employs high temperature, low fouling membranes. This enables the RO process to operate sustainably, i.e. without fouling, plugging or membrane degradation.

Use of peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide and peroxide-reducing agents for treatment of drilling fluids, frac fluids, flowback water and disposal water

Methods for the use of peracid compositions having decreased hydrogen peroxide concentration and a UV-blocking agent for various water treatments, including oil- and gas-field operations, and/or other aseptic treatments are disclosed. In numerous aspects, peracetic acid is the preferred peracid and is treated with a peroxide-reducing agent to substantially reduce the hydrogen peroxide content. Methods for using the treated peracid compositions for treatment of drilling fluids, frac fluids, flow back waters and disposal waters are also disclosed for improving water condition, reducing oxidizing damage associated with hydrogen peroxide and/or reducing bacteria infestation

Safety improvements for uv radiation in aquatic applications

The invention provides an object ( 10 ) that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object ( 10 ) further comprising an anti-biofouling system ( 200 ) comprising an UV emitting element ( 210 ), wherein the UV emitting element ( 210 ) is configured to irradiate with UV radiation ( 221 ) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part ( 111 ) of an external surface ( 11 ) of said object ( 10 ) and (ii) water adjacent to said part ( 111 ) of said external surface ( 11 ), wherein the light source ( 220 ) is at least controllable between a first UV radiation level and a second UV radiation level, wherein the first UV radiation level is larger than the second UV radiation level, wherein the object ( 10 ) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel ( 1 ) and an infrastructural object ( 15 ), wherein the object ( 10 ) further comprises a control system ( 300 ) configured to control said UV 221 radiation ( 221 ) as function of input information comprising information of one or more of (i) a location of the object ( 10 ), (ii) movement of the object ( 10 ), (iii) a distance (d) of the object ( 10 ) to a second object ( 20 ), and (iv) a position of the part ( 111 ) of the external surface ( 11 ) relative to the water.

MEMBRANES WITH SACRIFICIAL COATINGS

A method for controlling scale and/or fouling on a separation membrane. The method comprises forming a thermally, physically, electrically or chemically degradable coating layer on the membrane; using the membrane under conditions that result in the formation of scale and/or fouling species on the membrane; and removing at least some of the scale and/or fouling species from the membrane by thermally, physically, electrically or chemically degrading the coating layer. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A separation membrane comprising a membrane and a coating layer on the membrane , wherein the coating layer is thermally , physically , electrically or chemically degradable whereby degradation of the coating layer results in removal of at least some of the scale and/or fouling species from the membrane.23. The separation membrane according to claim 22 , wherein the coating layer is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of: polymers claim 22 , enzymes claim 22 , proteins claim 22 , tannic acids claim 22 , fatty acids claim 22 , carbohydrates and surfactants.24. The separation membrane according to claim 23 , wherein the coating layer is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of: poly(vinyl alcohol) claim 23 , poly(vinyl pyrrolidones) claim 23 , poly(biguanides) claim 23 , carbohydrates claim 23 , and tannic acids.25. The separation membrane according to claim 24 , wherein the coating layer is formed from tannic acid.26. The separation membrane according to claim 24 , wherein the coating layer is formed from molasses.27. The separation membrane according to claim 24 , wherein the coating layer is formed from poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).28. The separation membrane according to claim 24 , ...

WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH PRIMARY TREATMENT AND MBR OR MABR-IFAS REACTOR

Wastewater is treated though primary treatment of the water by way of a micro-sieve to produce a primary effluent and primary sludge. There is secondary treatment of the primary effluent by way of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) or an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor to produce a secondary effluent and a waste activated sludge. The micro-sieve may have openings of 250 microns or less, for example about 150 microns. In a process, a gas transfer membrane is immersed in water. Pressurized air flows into the gas transfer membrane. An exhaust gas is withdrawn from the gas transfer membrane and used to produce bubbles from an aerator immersed in the water. 1. A process for treating water comprising the steps of ,a) providing primary treatment of the water by way of a micro-sieve to produce a primary effluent and primary sludge;b) providing secondary treatment of the primary effluent by way of a process having a suspended biomass, a membrane suspended biomass or both, to produce a secondary effluent and a waste sludge; and,c) treating a portion of the activated sludge in the micro-sieve.2. The process of wherein step b) comprises treatment with a suspended biomass.3. The process of wherein the suspended biomass comprises aerobic microorganisms or is suspended in water maintained under aerobic conditions.4. The process of wherein the micro-sieve comprises a rotating belt.5. The process of wherein return activated sludge is recycled to the secondary treatment step.6. The process of further comprising a step of treating the thickened primary sludge in an anaerobic digester.7. The process of wherein the micro-sieve has openings of 250 microns or less.8. The process of wherein primary treatment removes less than 40% of the chemical oxygen demand of the water.9. The process of wherein primary sludge and waste activated sludge are treated in an anaerobic digester.10. The process of wherein secondary treatment is provided by way of a membrane bioreactor (MBR).11. ...

Method for controlling slime in reverse osmosis membrane apparatus

A method for controlling slime is used in a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus and has a water-supplying step of supplying water to be treated to the reverse osmosis membrane. The water-supplying step includes a first water-supplying step in which a slime controlling agent X which contains 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and a slime controlling agent Y which contains at least one type selected from a group consisting of components (A) to (D) are added to the water to be treated which has a pH of 10 or less, and the water to be treated which contains the slime controlling agent X and the slime controlling agent Y is supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane. The component (A) is mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Cl-MIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), the component (B) is chloramine compound, the component (C) is stabilized bromide, and the component (D) is glutaraldehyde.

ANTIBIOFILM AND ANTIMICROBIAL FUNCTIONAL MEMBRANE SPACER

Disclosed herein methods for combating biofouling in a liquid, e.g. an aqueous medium by providing a surface coated with at least one laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer in said liquid medium. Particularly disclosed herein method and devices for treating water comprising passing a water stream through a membrane module equipped with at least one spacer coated with at least one layer of LIG, and optionally by applying an electric potential to the at least one LIG layer to achieve a bactericidal effect in the water stream. Specifically, disclosed herein a polymeric mesh suitable for use as a spacer in a membrane module in water treatment application, said mesh being at least partially coated with LIG. 1. A method for combating biofouling or controlling microorganisms in an aqueous medium , comprising providing a surface coated with at least one laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer in said aqueous medium.2. The method of comprising coating a surface prone to biofilm formation with at least one LIG layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface comprises a polymer material claim 1 , wherein said method comprises applying a layer of said LIG onto said polymer material to form the at least one LIG layer thereon.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface comprises a polymer material claim 1 , wherein said method comprises irradiating said surface with a laser beam to form the at least one LIG layer thereon.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said surface prone to biofilm formation is a surface of a pipe claim 2 , a watercraft claim 2 , a fuel storage tank claim 2 , or of an element in a water-treatment device.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said element in a water-treatment device is a membrane spacer.7. The method of further comprising applying electrical potential to said LIG layer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said electrical potential is in the range between 0.5 V and 5 V.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said electrical potential is in the range ...

SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UV RADIATION IN AQUATIC APPLICATIONS

The invention provides an object () that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object () further comprising an anti-biofouling system () comprising an UV emitting element (), wherein the UV emitting element () is configured to irradiate with UV radiation () during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part () of an external surface () of said object () and (ii) water adjacent to said part () of said external surface (), wherein the light source () is at least controllable between a first UV radiation level and a second UV radiation level, wherein the first UV radiation level is larger than the second UV radiation level, wherein the object () is selected from the group consisting of a vessel () and an infrastructural object (), wherein the object () further comprises a control system () configured to control said UV radiation () as function of input information comprising information of one or more of (i) a location of the object (), (ii) movement of the object (), (iii) a distance (d) of the object () to a second object (), and (iv) a position of the part () of the external surface () relative to the water. 1. A control system for an object that during use is at least partly submerged in water , the object comprising: a part of an external surface of an object and', 'water adjacent to a part of the external surface, and, 'an anti-biofouling system comprising an UV emitting element that comprises a light source, wherein the UV emitting element is configured to irradiate with UV radiation during an irradiation stage one or more ofwherein the light source is at least controllable between a first UV radiation level and a second UV radiation level, wherein the first UV radiation level is larger than the second UV radiation level, wherein the object is selected from a group consisting of: a vessel and an infrastructural object, wherein the control system is configured to control the UV radiation as function of input information comprising information ...