РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА И ПОЛУЧАЕМЫЕ В НЕЙ ПРОДУКТЫ

Описаны реакционная система и способы удаления гетероатомов из окисленных, содержащих гетероатомы углеводородных фракций, и получаемые посредством этого продукты. В реакционной системе в реакцию вступает окисленный, содержащий гетероатомы исходный углеводородный продукт, поток едкого вещества и активатора селективности, где едкое вещество представляет собой неорганический оксид элементов из групп IA и IIA, неорганический гидроксид элементов из групп IA и IIA, их смеси или их расплавленные смеси, а активатор селективности представляет собой спирт, полиол или их смесь, образуя посредством этого неионные углеводородные продукты. Изобретение также касается вариантов реакционного способа и реакционной системы снижения содержания гетероатомов. Технический результат - удаление гетероатомов из окисленной углеводородной фракции. 4 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл., 22 пр.

МОКРЫЙ СКРУББЕР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ОТХОДЯЩЕГО ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к мокрой газоочистке. Мокрый скруббер (12) для удаления по меньшей мере одного газообразного загрязняющего вещества из отходящего газа содержит впускное отверстие (60), кожух (52) и устройство (68) подачи абсорбирующей жидкости. Кожух (52) соединен по текучей среде с впускным отверстием (60). Отходящий газ протекает через кожух в направлении (SD) газового потока мокрого скруббера. Устройство (68) выполнено с возможностью подачи абсорбирующей жидкости в кожух (52) для контакта отходящего газа с абсорбирующей жидкостью внутри кожуха (52). В кожухе (52) расположен газораспределитель (62). Газораспределитель (62) содержит диффузор (102), содержащий крышку (114), расположенную в пути отходящего газа, протекающего в кожух (52) через впускное отверстие (60). Диффузор (102) дополнительно содержит по меньшей мере один канал (124) для транспортировки отходящего газа из впускного отверстия (60) в кожух (52) мокрого скруббера. Впускной канал (50) мокрого скруббера выполнен с возможностью ...

СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ SO2 ИЗ ГАЗА С ВРЕМЕННО ВЫСОКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ SO2

Изобретение относится к способу и системе для удаления диоксида серы из потока сырьевого газа. В способе сырьевой газ предварительно очищается. Затем SO2 поглощается из газа с помощью абсорбирующей среды. Отработанная абсорбирующая среда регенерируется. Эти технологические стадии чередуются с каустической обработкой в зоне предварительной очистки в случае очень высокого содержания SO2 в потоке сырьевого газа. Система содержит блок предварительной очистки, блок абсорбции и блок регенерации. Система отличается тем, что блок предварительной очистки содержит впускное отверстие для водного раствора, содержащего сильное основание. Это простые, экономичные и надежные способ и установка для обработки газа с различным содержанием SO2. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.

СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ СУХОГО ОБЕСПЫЛИВАНИЯ И СУХОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ГАЗА, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННОГО ПЫЛЬЮ И ВРЕДНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ, ОБРАЗУЮЩЕГОСЯ В УСТРОЙСТВАХ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЧУГУНА ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЧУГУНА ИЛИ В УСТРОЙСТВАХ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЖЕЛЕЗА ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ЖЕЛЕЗА

... 1. Система для сухого обеспыливания и сухой очистки загрязненного пылью и вредными веществами газа, выделяющегося при производстве чугуна в установках для производства чугуна или при производстве железа в установках для производства железа, содержащая подводящий трубопровод (1) для подачи газового потока из установки для производства чугуна или установки для производства железа, содержащий устройство (2) для предварительной очистки, причем подводящий трубопровод (1) разветвляется в точке (3) разветвления на обводной трубопровод (4) и основной газопровод (6); по меньшей мере одно обеспыливающее устройство (10, 11, 12), причем основной газопровод (6) через соединительные трубопроводы (7, 8, 9) соединен с обеспыливающими устройствами (10, 11, 12); и устройство (13) для регулирования температуры газового потока перед обеспыливающими устройствами (10, 11, 12) в подводящем трубопроводе (1) или в основном трубопроводе (6); причем в основном газопроводе (6) дополнительно предусмотрено устройство ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ОЧИСТКИ ОТРАБОТАВШЕГО ГАЗА И ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩЕЕ ЕГО УСТРОЙСТВО ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ CO2

Изобретение относится к устройству очистки отработавшего газа и устройству извлечения диоксида углерода. Устройство очистки отработавшего газа содержит блок абсорбции оксидов азота, выполненный с возможностью абсорбции и удаления оксидов азота из отработавшего газа с помощью жидкости, абсорбирующей оксиды азота, путем введения отработавшего газа, который выпущен из устройства системы сжигания топлива и содержит оксиды азота и диоксид углерода, линию выпуска отработавшего газа для выпуска очищенного отработавшего газа, линию циркуляции жидкости, абсорбирующей оксиды азота, которая соединяет нижнюю часть и верхнюю часть блока абсорбции оксидов азота, линию отбора жидкости, абсорбирующей оксиды азота, которая ответвляется от линии циркуляции жидкости, блок подогрева/регенерации жидкости, абсорбирующей оксиды азота, выполненный с возможностью производства высвобожденного газа, содержащего монооксид азота и диоксид углерода, и регенерированной жидкости, абсорбирующей оксиды азота, путем подогрева ...

СПОСОБ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ОТ ВОДЫ В КОНДЕНСАТЕ ДЫМОВЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ отделения тяжелых металлов от воды в конденсате дымовых газов от процесса, в котором диоксид углерода удаляется из газового потока на электростанции, содержащий:получение хлоридной соли;смешивание соли с водой и/или паром, чтобы получить раствор;электролиз раствора, чтобы получить гидроксид и газообразный хлор;смешивание части гидроксида с потоком дымовых газов, чтобы получить карбонатные продукты, бикарбонатные продукты или смесь карбонатных и бикарбонатных продуктов в образованной смеси;отделение указанных карбонатных и/или бикарбонатных продуктов от смеси, посредством чего диоксид углерода удаляется из газового потока;добавление части гидроксида к конденсату дымовых газов, чтобы изменить величину его pH с кислой на щелочную, что приводит к осаждению тяжелых металлов; ипропускание конденсата через фильтрующую среду.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором хлоридная соль представляет собой хлорид натрия.3. Способ по п. 1, в котором фильтрующая среда содержит активированный уголь.4. Способ ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИЮ ОСАЖДАЮЩИХ АГЕНТОВ-КАРБОНАТОВ МЕТАЛЛА

... 1. Способ изготовления композиции катализатора, включающий следующие стадии: ! (i) смешивание одного или нескольких растворимых соединений металла с раствором осаждающего агента - щелочного карбоната металла с получением осадка нерастворимых карбонатов металла; ! (ii) переработка нерастворимых карбонатов металла в катализатор или предшественник катализатора с выделением диоксида углерода; ! (iii) извлечение, по меньшей мере, части выделившегося диоксида углерода; ! (iv) осуществление реакции между извлеченным диоксидом углерода и соответствующим щелочным соединением металла в абсорбционной колонне для получения щелочного карбоната металла, где, по меньшей мере, часть полученного щелочного карбоната металла используется в качестве осаждающего агента на стадии (i). ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором одно или несколько растворимых соединений металла включают соединения Ca, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn или Pb. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, в котором растворимое соединение металла выбрано ...

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЩЕЛОЧНОГО РАСТВОРА, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩЕГОСЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ СЕРНИСТЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ, НЕ СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ЭТАПА ПРОМЫВКИ

СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ КИСЛЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ обработки газового потока, содержащего кислый газ, включающий:(a) контактирование первой порции газового потока с подаваемым нейтрализационным раствором в первичной зоне нейтрализации, в результате чего образуются обработанный газовый поток и частично израсходованный нейтрализационный раствор; и(b) контактирование второй порции газового потока с по крайней мере частью частично израсходованного нейтрализационного раствора во вторичной зоне нейтрализации, в результате чего образуется отходящий поток раствора из вторичной зоны;где степень расхода частично израсходованного нейтрализационного раствора во вторичной зоне нейтрализации регулирует скорость второй порции газового потока.2. Способ по п.1, в котором степень расхода составляет по меньшей мере 95%, а установочное значение, представляющее степень расхода, регулирует скорость второй порции газового потока.3. Способ по п.1 или 2, дополнительно включающий определение степени расхода с помощью анализа концентрации или pH отходящего ...

СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКИ СТАБИЛЬНЫХ СОЛЕЙ ИЗ ПОГЛОТИТЕЛЕЙ КИСЛОТНЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ регенерации поглотителя кислотных газов, содержащего амин и термически стабильные соли, посредством разделения фаз, включающийa) смешивание поглотителя кислотных газов со щелочным раствором, с образованием смеси со значением рН, превышающим точку эквивалентности рН амина;b) охлаждение смеси до температуры ниже 50°С;c) разделение смеси на регенерированный поглотитель кислотных газов и поток отходов;d) сбор регенерированного поглотителя кислотных газов, выделенного из потока отходов.2. Способ по п.1, в котором стадию с) осуществляют посредством оставления смеси в покое в течение, по меньшей мере, 30 минут, предпочтительно, в пределах от 1 часа до 10 часов, более предпочтительно, от 1 часа до 3 часов, чтобы сделать возможным разделение регенерированного поглотителя кислотного газа и потока отходов.3. Способ по п.1 или 2, где поглотитель кислотных газов представляет собой водный аминовый растворитель, предпочтительно, раствор диамина, более предпочтительно, раствор, содержащий N-( ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА ИЗ ДЫМОВОГО ГАЗА

УДАЛЕНИЕ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА ИЗ ПОТОКОВ ОТХОДЯЩЕГО ГАЗА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ СОВМЕСТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ КАРБОНАТНЫХ И/ИЛИ БИКАРБОНАТНЫХ МИНЕРАЛОВ

... 1. Способ удаления первоначального количества диоксида углерода из газового потока, содержащий: ! получение гидроксида в водной смеси; ! получение хлора; ! смешивание гидроксида с газовым потоком, чтобы получить карбонатные продукты, бикарбонатные продукты или смесь карбонатных и бикарбонатных продуктов в образованной смеси; ! отделение указанных карбонатных и/или бикарбонатных продуктов от смеси, посредством чего удаляется часть первоначального количества диоксида углерода из газового потока; ! объединение хлора с водой с образованием хлорноватистой кислоты; ! разложение хлорноватистой кислоты с образованием хлористоводородной кислоты и кислорода; и ! объединение хлористоводородной кислоты с карбонатом кальция с образованием хлорида кальция и уменьшенного количества диоксида углерода. ! 2. Способ по п.1, также содержащий: ! получение водорода; и ! сжигание водорода на электростанции. ! 3. Способ по п.1, в котором уменьшенное количество диоксида углерода является половиной от первоначального ...

Adsorptionsmittel-, insbesondere Wanderbettreaktor

Absorptionsmittel für die Abscheidung eines sauren Gases und Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines sauren Gases

Offenbart sind ein Absorptionsmittel für die Abscheidung eines sauren Gases, welches enthält; eine Menge von etwa 1 Gew.-% bis 17,5 Gew.-% eines Alkalicarbonats, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Absorptionsmittels; eine Menge von etwa 1 Gew.-% bis 5,5 Gew.-% einer heterozyklischen Aminverbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Absorptionsmittels; 1 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-% eines Alkylsubstituenten für die heterozyklische Aminverbindung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Absorptionsmittels; und als Restmenge eine wässrige Lösung; sowie ein Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines sauren Gases, welches umfasst: das In-Kontakt-Bringen des Absorptionsmittels für die Abscheidung des sauren Gases mit einem Gas, welches ein saures Gas einschließt.

Säurekomponente-Entfernungsmittel, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verfahren zur Entfernung von Säurekomponenten

Device for purifying air containing ammonia and carbon dioxide, has gas scrubber, saline solution and two Peltier heat pumps, where Peltier heat pump is comprised of two Peltier elements that are connected in parallel

The device has a gas scrubber (3), saline solution and two Peltier heat pumps, where the Peltier heat pump is comprised of two Peltier elements that are connected in parallel. The saline solution is used for binding the ammonia and carbon dioxide. The resulting intermediate products of ammonium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate solution are decomposed by heat. The fission gases are separated by stripping the regenerated saline solution, where the fission gases are cooled in a regeneration reactor and react to form an aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate.

CO2-Rauchgaswäscher

Bei einem Gaswäscher, insbesondere einer großtechnischen Anlage, mit mindestens zwei Gaswäscherstufen (I, II, III, IV) zur Reinigung von Rauch- oder Abgas, der zumindest zwei benachbarte hohlkörperförmige Gaswäscherkomponenten (2-11, A, B, C), die gemeinsam in einer Gaswäscherstufe und/oder in unterschiedlichen Gaswäscherstufen angeordnet sind, aufweist, wobei mindestens eine Gaswäscherstufe als CO-Wäsche ausgebildet ist, soll eine Lösung geschaffen werden, die einen großtechnisch und flexibel einsetzbaren sowie konstruktiv vorteilhaft realisierbaren CO-Gaswäscher zur Verfügung stellt. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die mindestens zwei Gaswäscherkomponenten (2-11, A, B, C) aneinandergrenzend angeordnet und deren jeweiliger Querschnitt, insbesondere deren gasdurchströmter Strömungsquerschnitt, zumindest im Wasentlichen eckig, insbesondere rechteckig, ausgebildet ist, wobei die benachbarten Gaswäscherkomponenten jeweils zumindest einen gemeinsamen Begrenzungswandbereich (12, 13, 14, 15, ...

Treatment of flue gases

Method for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery using captured acidic gas

Carbon dioxide sequestration using aqueous hydroxide solution of alkali and alkaline earth metals

A method of carbon dioxide sequestration, the method including providing an aqueous solution of a group 1 metal hydroxide such as sodium and a group 2 metal hydroxide such as calcium in an elongate receptacle (10). A source material containing gaseous carbon dioxide (is) continuously passed into the receptacle (10), and the carbonate product formed by reaction of the carbon dioxide with the hydroxide is removed as a slurry or solution from one end of the receptacle (10).

Flue gas desulfurization

A process and apparatus for removing sulfur oxide from combustion gas to form Na2SO4 and for reducing the harmful effects of Na2SO4 on auxiliary heat exchangers in which a sodium compound is injected into the hot combustion gas forming liquid Na2SO4 in a gas-gas reaction and the resultant gas containing Na2SO4 is cooled to below about 1150 DEG K. to form particles of Na2SO4 prior to contact with at least one heat exchanger with the cooling being provided by the recycling of combustion gas from a cooled zone downstream from the introduction of the cooling gas.

Use of ferrous sulfide suspension for the removal of selenium from gases

Improvements relating to absorption towers particularly for scrubbing or reacting gases or vapours with liquids

... 1,024,169. Gas/liquid contact apparatus. WELLMAN INCANDESCENT FURNACE CO. Ltd. Feb. 25, 1965 [Feb. 25, 1964], No. 7720/64. Heading B1R. In apparatus for contacting a gas with a liquid the gas is passed upwardly through a tower 10 and the liquid is projected downwardly in a series of unbroken jets 13 from a header tank 11.

Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas with activated sodium carbonate

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE IN FLUE GAS WITH ACTIVATED SODIUM CARBONATE

METHOD FOR REMOVING DUST AND SULPHUR OXIDES FROM PROCESS GASES

Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas with activated sodium carbonate

METHOD FOR REMOVING DUST AND SULPHUR OXIDES FROM PROCESS GASES

METHOD FOR REMOVING DUST AND SULPHUR OXIDES FROM PROCESS GASES

Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas with activated sodium carbonate

MEANS TO THE DISTANCE OF SOUR COMPONENTS, PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION AND METHOD FOR THE DISTANCE OF SOUR COMPONENTS

PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING FROM SULFUR OR SULFUR CONNECTIONS AND/OR OTHERS POLLUTANT FROM HOISTING GASES, AS WELL AS DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THIS PROCEDURE

GAS VALVE

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISTANCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM SULFUR DIOXIDE ABSTENTION BURN EXHAUST GASES

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von Gaswäsche mittels einer Elektrolytlösung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Durchführung von Gaswäsche mittels einer basischen wässrigen Elektrolytlösung als Waschflüssigkeit, welche zumindest eine Verbindung aus der Gruppe Lithium-, Natrium- oder Kalium-Carbonat oder Lithium-, Natrium- oder Kalium-Hydroxid enthält und welche in zumindest einem Gaswäscher (2) mit einem zu reinigenden Gas (1) in Kontakt gebracht und nach der Gaswäsche aus dem Gaswäscher (2) abgeleitet wird, wobei zumindest ein Teilstrom (TS1) der beladenen Elektrolytlösung gemäß folgenden Regenerationsschritten kontinuierlich regeneriert wird: a) Einleiten der Elektrolytlösung in zumindest eine als Durchflusszelle konzipierte Elektrodialysezelle (6, 6‘, 6‘‘, 6‘‘‘, 6‘‘‘‘) mit einem Anodenraum (10), einem Kathodenraum (9) und zumindest einer zwischen dem Anodenraum (10) und dem Kathodenraum (9) befindlichen ionenselektiven Membran (8, 16), b) Bildung einer basischen wässrigen Elektrolytlösung zumindest im Kathodenraum (9) unter elektrolytischer Wasserspaltung ...

VERFAHREN ZUM ENTFERNEN VON SCHWEFEL ODER SCHWEFELVERBINDUNGEN UND/ODER ANDEREN SCHADSTOFFENAUS HEISSEN GASEN, SOWIE VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG DIESES VERFAHRENS

Verfahren zum Gewinnen von Kohlendioxid

Zum Entfernen von Kohlendioxid aus Verbrennungsabgasen wird das kohlendioxidhaltige Gas über ein poröses Trägermaterial geleitet, das mit einer Lösung von wenigstens einem Alkalikarbonat beladen worden ist, dass Kohlendioxid aus dem Gas durch Bilden von Alkalibikarbonat gebunden wird und dass Kohlendioxid aus dem Alkalibikarbonat durch Erhöhen der Temperatur wieder freigesetzt wird. Die zum Erwärmen des Kohlendioxids benötigte Wärme wird dem Verbrennungsabgas, aus dem das Kohlendioxid entfernt werden soll, mit Hilfe eines Wärmetauschers entzogen.

VERFAHREN ZUR REINIGUNG VON ABGAS UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

The method involves chemically absorbing acidic compound in exhaust gas by spraying basic washing liquid. The exhaust gas is sprayed with the basic washing liquid in a processing stage (A). The washing liquid is collected from a precipitated solid. A part of the washing liquid is continuously cooled up to temperature near to a freezing point. The cooled washing liquid is supplied to another processing stage (B). The washing liquid is pre-purified by a packing material column (6) in the processing stages. An independent claim is also included for a system for removing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, exhaust gas and particles such as soot and dust from exhaust gas of a combustion system.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR TROCKENEN ENTSTAUBUNG UND REINIGUNG VON BEI DER EISENERZEUGUNG ODER KOHLEVERGASUNG PRODUZIERTEM GAS

The invention relates to a method for dry dust removal and dry cleaning of gas laden with dust and pollutants, as in gas incident to pig iron production systems in the production of pig iron, or incident to iron production systems in the production of iron or in gas produced in coal gasification systems, and to a device for carrying out the method. In the process, an additive comprising reagent and alternatively adsorbent material is added to the gas stream prior to the beginning of the dust removal following a preliminary separation step and after the temperature of the gas stream is adjusted to a temperature greater than 60°C and less than a temperature that would cause damage to the equipment performing the dust removal. This additive cleans the gas stream and is removed from the gas stream together with the solid particles that were present in the gas stream prior to the addition of the additive upon removal of the dust.

COMPOSITION AT LEAST NATRIUMBICARBONAT CONTAINS, PROCEDURES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USES

OFF-GAS TREATMENT

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CLEANING OF ALUMINIUMSTAUBHALTIGER EXHAUST AIR

Exhaust gas treatment device and CO2 recovery device using same

This exhaust gas treatment device is provided with: a nitrogen oxide absorption part 13 into which an exhaust gas 11 containing nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide is introduced, so that the nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas 11 is absorbed and removed by means of a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 12; a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid extraction line L ...

Hydrogen sulfide removal process by use of a sulfur dye catalyst

A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

Apparatus, system and method for cleaning air

HIGH CAPACITY SOLID FILTRATION MEDIA

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide,HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a water gas shift catalyst in a shift reactor in the presence of steam/waterto react at least part of the carbon monoxide tocarbon dioxide, and to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) removing hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS by contacting this gas stream in a HS-removal zone with an aqueous alkaline washing liquid to obtain a HS-depleted synthesis gas stream and a sulphide-comprising aqueous stream; (c) contacting the sulphide-comprising aqueous stream with ulphide-oxidizing bacteria in the presence of oxygen in a bioreactor to obtain a sulphur slurry and a regenerated aqueous alkaline washing liquid; (d) removing ...

Method for wet flue gas desulfurization

A wet flue gas desulfurization process uses byproduct polyester streams such as those from the production of PLA and/or PGA consisting of hydroxy acids and other organic acids to catalyse the solubilization of calcium from limestone and to further catalyse the reaction of calcium with SO for desulfurization and thereby provide significant improvement in process efficiency.

Synthesis of nitric oxide gas for inhalation

In some additional aspects, an apparatus can include a chamber having an inlet valve for receiving a reactant gas and an outlet valve for delivering a product gas, a piston positioned inside the chamber and configured to move along a length of the chamber for adjusting pressure in the chamber, a sensor for collecting information related to one or more conditions of a respiratory system associated with a patient, a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the collected information, and one or more pairs of electrodes positioned inside the chamber for initiating a series of electric arcs external to the patient to generate nitric oxide based on the determined control parameters.

Removing mercury from crude oil

Methods, systems and designs are provided for removing mercury from crudes. Crude oil is heated to a temperature above 100°C and held at that temperature for a specified period of time to convert all of the forms of mercury in the oil into the elemental mercury form. The elemental mercury is then stripped from the crude oil by e.g., flashing the hot oil and/or contacting it with a gas phase. This process transfers the elemental mercury from the oil phase into the gas phase. Elemental mercury can then be removed from the gas phase by methods such as condensation, precipitation, or absorption either alone or in combination.

Controlling acidic compounds produced from oxy-combustion processes

The present invention relates generally to the field of emissions control and, in particular to a new and useful method and/or system by which to control, treat and/or mitigate various liquid-based acidic compounds that are produced during oxy- combustion (e.g., during a compression step and/or cooling step) from various gaseous acid compounds and/or gaseous acid precursor compounds (e.g., SO ...

Flue gas treatment method

The present invention relates to a method and system for cleaning a process gas containing carbon dioxide and contaminants, by bringing the 5 process gas into direct contact with an alkaline solution or slurry, and capturing in the alkaline solution or slurry at least a part of the contaminants of the process gas; and bringing the process gas, depleted in contaminants, into direct contact with a cooling liquid to form a cooled process gas; wherein said alkaline solution or slurry is separate from the cooling liquid. 14k ...

Carbon capture

The present invention relates to the use of solid metal materials for catalysing the hydration of carbon dioxide. It also relates to methods of and apparatus for hydrating carbon dioxide and capturing carbon. The solid metal materials may be nickel nanoparticles. The invention finds particular application in the sequestration of carbon dioxide either at the point of release or from the atmosphere.

Condenser and method for cleaning flue gases

An apparatus and method to clean flue gases. As shown in Fig. 1, a condenser 10 is provided having two packed beds (20/26) and two condensate loops. The condensate loops are configured such that anti-corrosive agent (40/41) may injected. Corrosives are removed from flue gases as condensate containing anti-corrosive agents passes over the flue gases.

Reclaiming device and method and recovery device for CO2 or H2S or both

The present invention is provided with the following: a reclaimer (51) for introducing and retaining, through a branching line (L ...

Device for removing impurities from water-containing gas and impurities removal system

A device for removing impurities from a water-containing gas, comprising: a filler material-containing cooler (50); a nozzle (63) provided in an upper section on the inside of a cooling space (51); a drainage recirculation device (68) that, by using a pump (66), supplies drainage (D) from a drainage outlet (64) provided in a drainage sink (62) in the inside floor section of the cooling space (51), to the nozzle (63) and sprays said drainage; and an alkali agent addition device (70) that adds an alkali agent (69) to the drainage (D). The filler material-containing cooler (50) has: a cooler main body (52) having the cooling space (51); a gas inlet (54) communicating with the lower side of the inside section of the cooling space (51); a gas outlet (55) communicating with the upper side of the inside section of the cooling space (51); a cooling pipe (59) arranged between the gas inlet (54) and the gas outlet (55) in the inside section of the cooling space (51), and configured so as to circulate ...

Method and system for synthesizing fuel from dilute carbon dioxide source

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.

Effluent gas treatment

Carbon dioxide adsorbents containing magnesium oxide suitable for use at high temperatures

METHOD FOR SOUR GAS TREATMENT

A method for selectively removing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from sour gas by reacting the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the sour gas with sodium hydroxide is disclosed. Also disclosed is a process for the production of a salt product from a sour gas stream. The reaction with sodium hydroxide creates a scrubber solution comprising water, hydrocarbons, contaminants and salts. The scrubber solution may be oxidized, filtered and can then be subjected to electrodialysis. Ammonia is introduced into the acid compartments of the cell. Sodium hydroxide and a salt product comprising ammonium sulfate or ammonium thiosulfate with ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate may be produced. The regenerated sodium hydroxide may be used to sweeten further sour gas. The salt product may be used as a fertilizer.

METHODS FOR REGENERATING OXIDANTS USED FOR REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM A GAS STREAM

Methods for regenerating oxidant solutions used for removing pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, mercury compounds, carbon monoxide, and elemental mercury (Hg), from gas streams.

PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE LEVEL OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM LIQUID HYDROCARBON STREAMS

A refined petroleum feedstock, such as diesel fuel, containing a low concentration of sulfur contaminants (such as would be taken up during pipeline conveyance), is desulfurized in a hydrotreating process characterized by mild conditions. Gaseous H2 is added to the feedstock in a ratio in the range of 0.5-25 SCM/SCM. The mixture is treated in a catalytic reactor at a temperature in the range 140 - 330.degree.C and a pressure in the range 3 - 60 bar absolute, to convert contaminants to gaseous H2S. Produced gaseous H2 and H2S are separated from the liquid hydrocarbons. The gas mixture is scrubbed with liquid absorbent to remove H2S and purified H2 is recycled.

REDUCING SULFUR GAS EMISSIONS RESULTING FROM THE BURNING OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS

... ²²²A process for burning coal or other carbonaceous fuels captures sulfur and ²other undesirable compounds are captured and retained in non-reactive ceramic-²like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of ²multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing ²oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. ²In various embodiments, the remediation materials when applied in a complex ²powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur ²capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In ²a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower ²the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness ²of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer ²is obtained.² ...

METHODS FOR TREATING ODORS

There are provided methods for treating a fluid having an undesirable odor. The methods comprise contacting the fluid with a H2O2 basic aqueous oxidizing composition and/or with a H2O2 acidic aqueous oxidizing composition. Optionally, the fluid can be further treated by contacting it with activated carbon and/or by submitting the fluid and the composition to UV radiation when they are contacting together.

CHEMICAL SEQUESTERING OF CO2, NOX AND SO2

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (collectively NOx, where x = 1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaC1) or potassium chloride (KC1). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO2, NOx and SO2. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO2, NOx and SO2 into compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value.

ABSORPTION LIQUID REGENERATION APPARATUS, C02 RECOVERY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME, AND ABSORPTION LIQUID REGENERATION METHOD

This absorption liquid regeneration device is characterized by comprising: a regeneration tower for regenerating a CO2 absorption liquid; a return flow water drum that is structured so as to separate an emitted gas from the regeneration tower into a CO2 gas and condensed water and cause the condensed water to flow back to the regeneration tower; and a cleaning section that is provided within a gas phase section of the return flow water drum, or on a CO2 flow path along which the CO2 gas that has flowed out from the gas phase section flows, and is structured so as to use a cleaning liquid to remove a CO2 absorption agent included in the CO2 gas, wherein the cleaning liquid has a lower concentration of the CO2 absorption agent compared to the condensed water that has accumulated in a liquid phase section of the return flow water drum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING HALIDE SPECIES IN PROCESS STREAMS

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

FLUE GAS CARBON AND HEAT CAPTURE AND RECIRCULATION SYSTEM

A method and apparatus to capture carbon dioxide from combustion products in a flue gas, using replenishable anhydrous metal hydroxides, and capturing heat from an exothermic reaction of the carbon dioxide with the anhydrous metal hydroxides re-use in another heat using system.

REDUCING SULFUR GAS EMISSIONS RESULTING FROM THE BURNING OF CARBONACEOUS FUELS

A process of burning coal by adding liquid and/or powder sorbents prior to combustion captures sulfur and other undesirable compounds in non-reactive ceramic-like form after the combustion phase. The process involves addition of multiple element alkali powders and/or sorbents preferably containing oxidizing anions such as nitrates and nitrites, preferably based on calcium. In various embodiments, the remediation materials, when applied in a complex powder and/or liquid containing multiple elements, result in higher sulfur capture than the materials would otherwise achieve on an individual basis. In a preferred embodiment, the sorbents contain elements that minimize or lower the melting point of the ash. This leads to lowered cohesiveness and toughness of the ash so that less ash builds up on the boiler and better heat transfer is obtained.

AIR TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS

An air treatment unit may include an air inlet to receive a flow of input air for treatment and a reaction reservoir configured to hold an aqueous air treatment solution. The air treatment unit may also include an air dispersing element flow connected with the air inlet, wherein the air dispersing element is configured to convert at least a portion of the flow of input air into a plurality of microbubbles for introduction into the aqueous air treatment solution, such that an amount of one or more target gas species contained within the plurality of microbubbles is reduced through reaction with the aqueous air treatment solution. The unit may include an air outlet configured to output treated air from the reaction reservoir.

EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT DEVICE AND CO2 RECOVERY DEVICE USING SAME

This exhaust gas treatment device is provided with: a nitrogen oxide absorption part 13 into which an exhaust gas 11 containing nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide is introduced, so that the nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas 11 is absorbed and removed by means of a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 12; a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid extraction line L5 which extracts the circulating nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 12 from a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid circulation line L4; a nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid heating/regeneration part 23 in which the nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 12 is heated and regenerated, thereby obtaining a discharge gas 21 containing at least nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide and a regenerated nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 22; a discharge gas line L6 which introduces the discharge gas 21 into the exhaust gas from the nitrogen oxide absorption part 13; and a regenerated liquid discharge line L7 which introduces the regenerated nitrogen oxide absorbing liquid 22 ...

INSPIRATORY SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING CARBON DIOXIDE, AND FUEL GAS DESULFURIZATION FACILITY

An apparatus for fixing carbon dioxide is provided with: an absorption column 10 in which a fuel gas containing sulfur oxide is desulfurized with sea water; and a reaction vessel 60 in which an alkali earth metal or an alkali metal is added to the sea water that has absorbed the sulfur oxide from the fuel gas in the absorption column 10 to produce a stable compound such as a mineral.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECOVERING CARBON DIOXIDE IN COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS

The present invention relates to a device and method for recovering carbon dioxide (also indicated as CO2 below) contained in combustion exhaust gas, more specifically, a device and method for reactively absorbing CO2 contained in combustion exhaust gas into an amine compound-containing absorption solution, a device and method that allows CO2 contained in the amine compound-containing absorption solution to be released therefrom, a device and method for evaporation separation of impurities contained in the amine compound-containing absorption solution, a device and method for performing a pretreatment such as desulfurization, dust removal and cooling on combustion exhaust gas, and a carbon dioxide recovery device and carbon dioxide recovery method using above devices and methods.

WET GAS SCRUBBING PROCESS

The removal of particulates and acidic gases from the effluent from a fluid catalytic cracking process regenerator. The effluent is treated in two contacting stages with an effective amount of both a caustic solution as well as ammonia and the composition of the contacting solutions in the two stages is independently controlled.

ACID GAS REMOVAL FROM A GASEOUS STREAM

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for removing acid gases from a gas stream are provided. Gas streams include waste gas streams or natural gas streams. The methods include obtaining a hypochlorite and a carbonate or bicarbonate in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the aqueous mixture with the gas stream to produce sulfates or nitrates from sulfur- based and nitrogen-based acidic gases. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to produce the carbonate and/or bicarbonate scrubbing reagent from CO2 in the gas stream. Still others are disclosed.

MEMBRANE-BASED EXHAUST GAS SCRUBBING METHOD AND SYSTEM

Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method and apparatus to reduce emissions of target emission gasses such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides from combustion exhaust such as marine engine exhaust by gas membrane separation and liquid carrier chemical absorption. The membrane separation system consists of an absorption system containing semi-permeable hollow fiber membranes through which is circulated an absorbent carrier. Exhaust gases contact the exterior surface of the membranes and the target gasses permeate the membrane wall and are absorbed by the carrier(s) within the bore and thereby are removed from the exhaust stream. Various exemplary embodiments are described for systems to regenerate the carrier, and systems designed to remove SO2 from the exhaust.

GAS STREAM MULTI-POLLUTANTS CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS

In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.

WATER RECOVERY FROM STEAM-ASSISTED PRODUCTION

A method of introducing flue gas, from a flue stack in a steam-assisted production facility, into a heat exchanger. The flue gas comprises boiler combustion products selected from at least one of commercial pipeline gas and produced gas. The method begins by cooling a portion of the water vapor in the flue gas in the heat exchanger to produce flue gas water. This flue gas water is then collected and removed as make-up water.

A WET SCRUBBER FOR CLEANING AN EFFLUENT GAS

A wet scrubber (12) for removal of at least one gaseous pollutant from an effluent gas comprises an inlet opening (60). A gas distributor (62) is arranged in a wet scrubber housing (52) and comprises a diffuser (102) having a cover plate (114). The cover plate (114) is arranged in the path of the effluent gas flowing into the wet scrubber housing (52). The diffuser (102) has at least one diffuser channel for transporting the effluent gas from the inlet opening (60) into the wet scrubber housing (52).

PROCESS OF SCRUBBING VOLATILES FROM EVAPORATOR WATER VAPOR

A process is provided where a waste stream is directed to an evaporator that produces a vapor having volatile compounds. The vapor including the volatile compounds is directed through a vapor scrubber that contacts the volatile compounds with a scratching solution. The scrubbing solution reacts with the gaseous volatile compounds in the vapor such that the volatile compounds pass from a vapor state into the scrubbing solution and form volatile compounds in the liquid scrubbing solution. The scrubbing solution is collected and recycled.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE IN FLUE GAS WITH ACTIVATED SODIUM CARBONATE

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas with activated sodium carbonate. According to the method, an aqueous sodium carbonate solution added with an alcoholamine activator is used as a CO2 absorbent, the alcoholamine is bonded to CO2 first to generate an amphoteric intermediate, and then hydrated, so as to be released again for recycling, H+ generated in hydration is neutralized by a basic ion CO32-, HCO3 generated in hydration is bonded to the metal ion Na+ to form sodium bicarbonate which is deposited gradually, and finally a sodium bicarbonate slurry is obtained. Through decomposition, the sodium bicarbonate slurry is regenerated to obtain gas CO2 and an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and the gas CO2 is processed into a liquid through conventional treatment. The apparatus mainly consists of an absorption column (1), inclined plate sedimentation tank (6), a regeneration column (10), a cooler (17), a gas-liquid separator (16), a drier (15), ...

FLUE GAS TREATMENT METHOD

The present invention relates to a method and system for cleaning a process gas containing carbon dioxide and contaminants, by bringing the process gas into direct contact with an alkaline solution or slurry, and capturing in the alkaline solution or slurry at least a part of the contaminants of the process gas; and bringing the process gas, depleted in contaminants, into direct contact with a cooling liquid to form a cooled process gas; wherein said alkaline solution or slurry is separate from the cooling liquid.

CAUSTIC SCRUBBER SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BIOGAS TREATMENT

The present invention provides a method and apparatus tor the treatment of process gas from an anaerobic digestion system or a landfill gas system. In one embodiment, the system comprises a caustic scrubber including a vertical column having a top and a bottom and including a counter current flow system, wherein a process gas stream flows up vertically through the column in counter current flow to a caustic liquid solution that, flows downward through the column. The caustic liquid solution removes at least one acid from the process gas stream, wherein treated gas that is substantially free of acids bubbles out through an opening at the top of the vertical column.

REGENERABLE SORBENT FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

A METHOD OF COOLING AND CLEANING WASTE GAS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR

... 2109945 9221429 PCTABS00017 The invention relates to a method of cooling and cleaning waste gas from an industrial process wherein the waste gas under pressure is caused to pass transversely through a series of pebble bed heat exchangers, the passage of the waste gas through a pebble bed being effective to cause both heat exchange between the gases and the pebbles of the pebble bed, and also removal of a contaminant carried in the waste gas, and wherein the heated pebbles are subsequently used to transfer heat to a cooler gas. The invention also relates to apparatus for operating this method, including apparatus for cooling and cleaning waste gas from a glass melting furnace. The invention helps reduce levels of metal volatiles, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, dioxins and particulates in the waste gas. It also makes use of the heat from the waste gas.

REACTIVE POWDER COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GAS

Composition réactive, solide, pulvérulente pour l'épuration d'un gaz, ladite composition comprenant du bicarbonate de sodium et un inhibiteur d'agglutination du bicarbonate de sodium, comprenant du coke de lignite et/ou un composé du magnésium comprenant de l'(hydr)oxyde de magnésium. Procédé pour l'épuration d'un gaz, selon lequel on introduit dans le gaz une composition réactive comprenant du bicarbonate de sodium et sensiblement exempte de silice, et on soumet le gaz à un dépoussiérage.

Process and scrubbing and cooling equipment for purifying hot exhaust gases

Overall process fume purifying wet.

Conformément au procédé selon l’invention: des fumées à épurer (1) sont envoyées successivement: dans un laveur acide (101), dont le pH est maintenu inférieur à 3 et dans lequel les oxydes d’azote contenus dans les fumées sont oxydés, par un agent d’oxydation (4) introduit dans le laveur acide, en NO 2 et/ou en des composés azotés ayant un degré d’oxydation supérieur, puis dans un laveur alcalin (102), dont le pH est maintenu supérieur à 5,5 et dans lequel les composés azotés oxydés contenus dans les fumées (2) issues du laveur acide, ainsi que lesdits oxydes de soufre contenus dans les fumées à épurer (1) sont captés en présence d’un inhibiteur d’oxydation (5) introduit dans le laveur alcalin, une purge de déconcentration (7), qui est soutirée du laveur acide (101), et une purge de déconcentration (8), qui est soutirée du laveur alcalin (102) de manière séparée de celle du laveur acide, sont mélangées et envoyées dans une colonne de stripping (201) qui reçoit également un flux de gaz de ...

Method for purifying fumes by wet process, involves sending purges drawn off from washers into stripping column, and recycling and mixing stream of gas effluents outgoing from stripping column with fumes upstream of alkaline washer

The method involves successively sending fumes (1) to be purified in an acid washer (101) and in an alkaline washer (102), where pH level in the washers are maintained below 3 and 5.5, and the washers are supplied with an oxidation agent (4) and by an oxidation inhibiter (5), respectively. Purges (7, 8) drawn off from the washers are sent into a stripping column (201), which receives a stripping gas flow (10). A stream of gas effluents (11) outgoing from the stripping column is recycled and mixed with the fumes upstream of the alkaline washer. An independent claim is also included for an installation for purifying fumes by a wet process.

Method and plant for treating wet combustion fumes.

L’invention concerne un procédé de traitement de fumées de combustion par voie humide, pour les épurer du dioxyde de soufre, de l’acide chlorhydrique ainsi que des métaux lourds qu’elles contiennent, dans lequel: les fumées à traiter (1) sont envoyées à un laveur acide (101), qui est alimenté avec de la chaux ou du calcaire, puis à un laveur alcalin (102), qui est alimenté avec de la soude, la purge (4) du laveur acide (101) est envoyée à une unité de précipitation-cristallisation (301) après avoir été épurée par un premier traitement d’eau, la purge (7) du laveur alcalin (102) est envoyée, de manière séparée de la purge du laveur acide, à l’unité de précipitation-cristallisation (301), dans l’unité de précipitation-cristallisation (301), du gypse précipité se forme par la réaction Ca ++ + SO 4 -- → Ca SO 4 ↓, avec Ca ++ qui est apporté par la purge (4) du laveur acide (101) et SO 4 -- qui est apporté par la purge (7) du laveur alcalin (102), la sortie (9) de l’unité de précipitation-cristallisation ...

Method and cleaning plant wet combustion fumes.

Linvention concerne un procédé dépuration de fumées de combustion par voie humide dans lequel: les fumées à épurer (1) sont envoyées à un laveur acide (101), qui est alimenté avec de la chaux ou du calcaire, puis à un laveur alcalin (102), qui est alimenté avec de la soude, la purge (4) du laveur acide (101) est envoyée à une unité de précipitation-cristallisation (301) après avoir été épurée par un premier traitement deau, la purge (7) du laveur alcalin (102) est envoyée, de manière séparée de la purge du laveur acide, à lunité de précipitation-cristallisation (301), dans lunité de précipitation-cristallisation (301), du gypse précipité se forme par la réaction Ca ++ + SO 4 - Ca SO 4 , avec Ca ++ qui est apporté par la purge (4) du laveur acide (101) et SO 4 - qui est apporté par la purge (7) du laveur alcalin (102), la sortie (9) de lunité de précipitation-cristallisation (301), contenant le gypse précipité, est admise dans un séparateur liquide-solide (302) pour produire un flux de gypse ...

Process for depositing and fixation of carbon dioxide and apparatus for carrying out the method.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abscheiden und Fixieren von Kohlenstoffdioxid, insbesondere aus (aber nicht beschränkt auf) Rauchgas von Kraftwerken, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst: Abscheiden von Kohlenstoffdioxid aus Rauchgasen unter Benutzen einer Druckwechseladsorptions(PSA)-Einheit, die ein Adsorptionsmittel enthält; Zur-Reaktion-Bringen des abgeschiedenen Kohlenstoffdioxids mit Natriumchlorid und Ammoniumhydroxid, was Ammoniumchlorid und ausfallendes Natriumhydrogencarbonat ergibt; Kalzinieren des Natriumhydrogencarbonats, was Natriumcarbonat, Wasser und überschüssiges Kohlenstoffdioxid ergibt; Zur-Reaktion-Bringen des Ammoniumchlorids mit Natriumhydroxid, was Natriumchlorid, Wasser und Ammoniak ergibt; Zur-Reaktion-Bringen des Ammoniaks mit Wasser, was Ammoniumhydroxid ergibt. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens.

Procedure for desulphurising a fluid and a procedure for the operation of a coal combustion system.

Ein Verfahren (60) zum Entschwefeln eines Fluids (82), das mindestens eine Schwefelverbindung umfasst, wird bereitgestellt. Das Verfahren (60) schliesst das Bereitstellen einer Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68) ein, die mindestens ein Nebenprodukt-Oxid (82) aus einem Verfahren zum Entfernen einer oder mehrerer Verunreinigungen aus Kohle umfasst und das in Berührung bringen der Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68) mit dem Fluid (62) ein. Die Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68) reagiert mit der mindestens einen Schwefelverbindung unter Bildung eines festen Niederschlages. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kohleverbrennungssystems werden auch bereitgestellt.

Method for desulfurizing a fluid and method for operating a coal combustion system.

Ein Verfahren (60) zum Entschwefeln eines Fluids (82), das mindestens eine Schwefelverbindung umfasst, wird bereitgestellt. Das Verfahren (60) schliesst das Bereitstellen einer Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68), die mindestens ein Nebenprodukt-Oxid (82) aus einem Verfahren zum Entfernen einer oder mehrerer Verunreinigungen aus Kohle umfasst, und das In-Berührung-Bringen der Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68) mit dem Fluid (62) ein. Die Oxid-Zusammensetzung (68) reagiert mit der mindestens einen Schwefelverbindung unter Bildung eines festen Niederschlages. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kohleverbrennungssystems werden auch bereitgestellt.

The invention relates to a method for the pyrolysis conversion of mixed waste into plastics and rubbers and device for carrying out said method.

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif (100) de fabrication d'huiles de pyrolyse, avantageusement installé dans au moins un conteneur standard. Le dispositif comporte, dans sa phase initiale, un réacteur de pyrolyse (10) pour traiter, au cours d'une première étape, par craquage des matières premières comportant des déchets en matières plastiques et/ou des produits en caoutchoucs. A la suite dudit réacteur (10), le dispositif (100) est de préférence équipé d'une cuve de déchloration (20) pour éliminer les produits à base de chlore, et divers équipements pour séparer l'eau de l'huile pyrolysée produite par le craquage, des dispositifs échangeurs de chaleur pour effectuer la condensation des gaz de pyrolyse en huile pyrolysée et finalement un dispositif de purification des huiles suite à un échauffement de température par chauffage en absence d'oxygène, permettant de produire une huile pyrolysée purifiée, sensiblement équivalente à un carburant du type diésel, utilisable ...

TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER TO THE LEVEL OF, SUITABLE FOR REUSE IN THE METHOD OF RECOVERY CO, AND SYSTEM

Process for removing sulphur-containing, nitrogen-containing and halogen-containing impurities contained in a synthesis gas

The invention relates to a process for finally removing sulphur-containing, nitrogen-containing and halogen-containing impurities contained in a synthesis gas, said process including: a) a joint step for hydrolysing COS and HCN contained in the gas and for collecting the halogen-containing compounds, using a TiO 2 -based catalyst, b) a washing step using a solvent, c) a step for desulphurisation on a collecting or adsorbing mass. The synthesis gas purified in accordance with the process of the invention contains less than 10 ppb by weight, less than 10 ppb by weight of nitrogen-containing impurities and less than 10 ppb by weight of halogen-containing impurities.

Method and Composition for Reducing Exhaled Carbon Dioxide Emissions

A method and composition for reducing the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by a user by placing a composition comprising a delivery vehicle and a carbon dioxide sequestering agent into a user's mouth and allowing the carbon dioxide sequestering agent to react with the carbon dioxide present in the user's breath thereby reducing the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the user.

Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods

In some embodiments, the invention provides systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components of waste gas streams, comprising contacting the waste gas stream with an aqueous solution, removing carbon dioxide and/or additional components from the waste gas stream, and containing the carbon dioxide and/or additional components, in one form or another, in a composition. In some embodiments, the composition is a precipitation material comprising carbonates, bicarbonates, or carbonates and bicarbonates. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises carbonate and/or bicarbonate co-products resulting from co-processing SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and/or certain metals. Additional waste streams such as liquid, solid, or multiphasic waste streams may be processed as well.

System and method for separating high molecular weight gases from a combustion source

High molecular weight (HMW) gases are separated from an exhaust gas of a combustion source using a blower and an interior vent within the exhaust stack. The interior vent includes a vent wall having a top portion attached to the interior surface of the exhaust stack along the entire inner perimeter of the exhaust stack and a lower portion that extends downward into the exhaust stack to form an annular space or gap between the vent wall and the interior surface of the exhaust stack, and at least one opening in the interior surface of the exhaust stack between the top and bottom portions of the vent wall. The blower creates a tangential flow of the exhaust gas with sufficient centrifugal force to concentrate substantially all of the HMW gases along the inner surface of the exhaust stack. A transfer pipe removes the HMW gases from the interior vent.

Systems and methods for processing co2

Systems and methods for lowering levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants are provided. Economically viable systems and processes capable of removing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants from gaseous waste streams and sequestering them in storage-stable forms are also discussed.

Two-Step Process for the Cleaning of a Flue Gas

A two-step process for the cleaning of a stream of flue gas, containing noxious acidic compounds, by means of a quantity of basic sodium reagent, wherein the quantity of basic sodium reagent is injected in a secondary stream diverted from the main stream wherein it reacts in a first step with the noxious acidic compounds contained in the secondary stream during a pre reaction period, resulting in pre-reacted basic reagent, un-reacted basic reagent and partially cleaned secondary stream of flue gas; and wherein after the pre reaction period, the partially cleaned secondary stream comprising the quantity of pre reacted basic sodium reagent is reintroduced in the main stream, the pre-reacted reagent and un-reacted reagent further reacting in a second step with at least part of the remaining noxious acids left in the partially cleaned secondary stream of flue gas.

Exhaust gas treatment device for an oxygen combustion system

In an exhaust gas treatment device provided with: an exhaust gas treatment unit in which an oxygen combustion boiler 1 using coal as fuel, a denitration device 3 , an air preheater 4 , a dust-collection device 5 , a desulfurization device 6 , and a carbon dioxide recovery device 8 are sequentially arranged from the upstream side to the downstream side of an exhaust gas duct; and an exhaust gas circulation unit which branches off from the exhaust gas duct at an outlet of the dust-collection device 5 or an outlet of the desulfurization device 6 and through which the exhaust gas is preheated by the air preheater 4 and returned to the oxygen combustion boiler 1 , a heat-recovery heat exchanger 13 that adjusts a gas temperature at an inlet of the dust-collection device 5 to be not greater than an acid dew point of SO 3 and not lower than a water dew point is provided between the air preheater 4 and the dust-collection device 5 , a reheating heat exchanger 13 that adjusts a gas temperature to be not lower than the acid dew point of SO 3 is provided in the vicinity of a branch of the exhaust gas circulation unit, adjusting the gas temperature at the inlet of the dust-collection device 4 to be not greater than the acid dew point of SO 3 makes it possible to prevent corrosion of pipes in the exhaust gas circulation unit and to avoid a decrease in fluidity or combustibility of the pulverized coal in the pipes in the mill.

Process for producing biogas

Process for the production of a biogas containing methane from an organic matter amenable to anaerobic digestion comprising feeding an anaerobic digester with the organic matter, said anaerobic digester containing a digestion medium comprising microorganisms capable of digesting said organic matter, wherein the total inorganic carbon concentration of the digestion medium is maintained above 9000 mg of equivalent CaCO 3 /l and the buffering capacity is maintained above 200 mmol/l by the addition of a buffering reagent comprising sodium bicarbonate to the digestion medium.

Process for removing hydrogen sulfide from very sour hydrocarbon gas streams using metal sulfide

A process for sweetening a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide wherein said process comprises contacting said gas stream within a contacting zone a contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a lower sulfided state and yielding from said contacting zone a product gas stream having a reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration and a recovered contacting composition comprising metal sulfide in a higher sulfided state.

Silica containing basic sorbent for acid gas removal

An acid gas sorbent composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO 2 ) x (OH) y F.B wherein F optionally exists and said F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, or an amine-containing organosilane; and wherein B is a hygroscopic solid at a preferred water to solid molar ratio of about 0.1 to about 6, and more particularly, B is a basic inorganic solid including, but not limiting to, alkali or alkali-earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates, containing at least one of the following metal cations: calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, sodium, lithium, potassium, cesium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, scandium, ytterbium, yttrium, or erbium; wherein the molar ratio of y/x is equal to about 0.01 to about 0.5.

Mixed salt co2 sorbent, process for making and uses thereof

The invention relates to a mixed salt composition which is useful as a CO 2 sorbent. The mixed salt composition comprises a Mg salt, and at least one Group IA element salt, where the Mg and Group IA element are present at a molar ratio of from 3:1 to 8:1. The resulting composition can adsorb about 20% or more of CO2 in a gas. Via varying the molar ratios of the components, and the Group IA element, one can develop compositions which show optional functionality at different conditions. The composition is especially useful in the adsorptive capture of CO 2 on mobile sources, such as transportation vehicles, where it can be recovered during regeneration of the adsorbent composition and the CO 2 used as a coolant gas, as a reactant in manufacture of fuel, and so forth.

Adsorbent for carbon dioxide, method of preparing the same, and capture module for carbon dioxide

An adsorbent for carbon dioxide may include an inorganic oxide porous structure having a plurality of mesopores and an active compound bound to the surface of the mesopores. The active compound may be selected from an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline-earth metal-containing compound, and a combination thereof. Various example embodiments also relate to a method of preparing the adsorbent for carbon dioxide and a capture module for carbon dioxide including the adsorbent for carbon dioxide.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NOx REMOVAL FROM A FLUE GAS

A system for reducing NO x in a flue gas stream, including an absorption element, a first inlet in fluid communication with the chamber configured to deliver a pressurized flue gas to the chamber, and a second inlet in fluid communication with the chamber configured to deliver an absorbing additive to the chamber. An outlet is in fluid communication with the chamber to exhaust from the chamber flue gas that has contacted the absorbing additive. A method for reducing NO x in a flue gas including the steps of: providing a flue gas in a chamber of an absorption element, providing an absorbing additive so that it contacts at least a portion of the flue gas, and exhausting at least a portion of the flue gas from the chamber.

Iodine absorbent material containing salt and radioactive iodine removal system using the same

An apparatus for filtering airborne radioactive iodine is provided. The apparatus includes a housing defining an interior space and comprising an inlet for receiving air and an outlet for discharging the air; and a composition placed in the interior space for trapping airborne radioactive iodine between the inlet and the outlet. The composition comprises one or more salts selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal chloride and an alkaline earth metal chloride. A method of filtering airborne radioactive iodine is further provided. The method includes providing the foregoing apparatus at a nuclear facility and blowing air to flow from the inlet to the outlet and contact the composition placed in the interior space, whereby airborne radioactive iodine is trapped in the interior space.

Capture mass composed of elemental sulphur deposited on a porous support for capturing heavy metals

The present invention concerns the elimination of heavy metals, in particular mercury and possibly arsenic and lead, present in a dry or moist gaseous effluent ( 1 ) by means of a capture mass ( 2 ) comprising a porous support at least part of which is of low mesoporosity and an active phase based on sulphur. The invention is advantageously applicable to the treatment of gas of industrial origin, synthesis gas or natural gas.

Method and apparatus for sweetening and/or dehydrating a hydrocarbon gas, in particular a natural gas

A method for removing acidity and/or moisture from a hydrocarbon gas, in particular from a natural gas or a refinery gas fraction or a syngas, by absorption into a sweetening liquid and into a dehydration liquid, that are adapted to extract acid compounds or water from the gas, respectively. The method provides a step of prearranging a vertical elongated container ( 150 ) comprising at least one inner partition wall ( 168 ) that defines at least two treatment chambers within said container ( 151,152 ), a step of feeding a treatment liquid from the above into at least one of the two chambers ( 251,252 ) and feeding the gas to be treated from below into at least one same treatment chamber. It is also provided a step of selecting a treatment mode, wherein the gas flows along the two treatment chambers in a parallel or in a series arrangement, or one chamber being excluded; in particular the series-mode or the exclusion mode is actuated when the flowrate of the gas decreases below a minimum threshold value, while the parallel-mode is actuated when the flowrate of the gas rises above a maximum threshold value. An apparatus comprising at least such a container and a gas convey selective convey means ( 44′,44″ ), for actuating said treatment modes, in particular responsive to a flowrate of the gas. The apparatus and the method according to the invention allow to maintain the sweetening and/or dehydration efficiency, in particular in the case of a progressive reduction of the flowrate of natural gas that can be obtained from a well or gasfield.

System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration

A method and a system for removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, using a sorbent under ambient conditions, to obtain relatively pure CO 2 . The CO 2 is removed from the sorbent using process heat, preferably in the form of steam, at a temperature in the range of not greater than about 130° C., to capture the relatively pure CO 2 . Increased efficiency can be achieved by admixing with the ambient air, prior to contacting the sorbent, a minor amount of a preferably pretreated effluent gas containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide can be stored for further use, or sequestered permanently. The system provides the sorbent substrate and equipment for carrying out the above method, and for obtaining purified carbon dioxide for further use in agriculture and chemical processes, or for permanent sequestration.

Reducing sulfur gas emissions resulting from the burning of carbonaceous fuels

A method of reducing sulfur emissions by applying remediation materials in a powder sorbent onto coal and combusting the coal with the materials applied. The powder sorbent contain sources of silicon, aluminum, calcium, iron, and magnesium, and ash from combustion contains the captured sulfur.

Extraction of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals for use in carbon sequestration

A method of extracting an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal from a mineral including an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, or a rock containing the mineral, the method including contacting the mineral, with an aqueous composition including formic acid, and to their use in carbon sequestration.

APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF A STORAGE SPACE FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTS

An apparatus for treating the atmosphere of a storage space for vegetable products with a volume greater than 200 m, includes a contacting device having a packing; an injector configured to inject a liquid flow into the contacting device; and a circulator configured to circulate the storage atmosphere in the contacting device. The contacting device is configured such that the storage atmosphere is brought into contact with the liquid flow by circulation in the packing. 1. An apparatus for treating an atmosphere of a storage space for vegetable products , said storage spece having a volume greater than 200 m , wherein the apparatus comprises:a contacting device comprising a packing;an injector configured to inject a liquid flow into the contacting device;a circulator configured to circulate the storage atmosphere in the contacting device;wherein the contacting device is configured such that the storage atmosphere is brought into contact with the liquid flow by circulation in the packing.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting device comprises a reservoir and a dose of liquid stored in the reservoir claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises at least one volatile biocidal and/or safener product with a boiling temperature between 60 and 280° C. claim 1 , wherein the liquid is evaporated in the contacting device at a temperature below 50° C.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising a sensor measuring the concentration of the at least one volatile biocidal and/or safener product in the storage atmosphere and an electronic controller informed by the sensor claim 2 , the electronic controller being programmed to control a flow rate of liquid injected in the contacting device and/or a flow rate of the storage atmosphere circulated in the circulator as a function of the concentration measured by the sensor.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is water claim 1 , such that the contacting device is configured to remove ...

System for the Capture and Release of Acid Gases

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the capture of at least one acid gas in a composition, the release of said gas from said composition, and the subsequent regeneration of said composition for re-use, said method comprising performing, in order, the steps of: (a) capturing the at least one acid gas by contacting said at least one gas with a capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent; (b) releasing said at least one acid gas by adding at least one protic solvent or agent to said composition; and (c) regenerating the capture composition by partial or complete removal of said added protic solvent or agent from said composition. Optionally, said capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent additionally comprises water or another protic solvent. In another aspect, the invention envisages a composition which additionally comprises at least one protic solvent or agent and release of the at least one acid gas is achieved solely by subjecting the composition to the application of heat or stripping with a stream of air. The method is typically applied to the capture and subsequent release of carbon dioxide, and offers a convenient and simple process which uses inexpensive consumables and offers significant advantages over the methods of the prior art. 147-. (canceled)48. A method for the capture of at least one acid gas in a composition , the release of said gas from said composition , and the subsequent regeneration of said composition for re-use , said method comprising performing , in order , the steps of:(a) capturing the at least one acid gas by contacting said at least one gas with a capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid, at least one non-aqueous solvent and optionally at least one protic solvent or agent;(b) releasing said at least one acid gas by subjecting said ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR CAPTURING CO2 AND PRODUCING SODIUM BICARBONATE (NAHCO3) FROM TRONA (NA2CO3 - 2H2O - NAHCO3)

The present invention presents an integrated system for the production of NaHCOfrom COcaptured from industries or power plants by means of a dry carbonate process starting from trona as raw material (NaCO—NaHCO-2HO) and converting it into sodium carbonate (NaCO). The optimized integration of the unit allows coupling the system with renewable energies at medium temperatures below 220° C., such as biomass or medium temperature solar thermal energy systems. The use of this invention integrated in a COemitting plant results in a global system of almost zero COemissions, being able to meet the heat requirements of the global integrated system, minimizing the energy consumption of the COcapture system and conversion to bicarbonate. This optimized integration reduces the energy and economic penalty of integrating the COcapture system and conversion to value-added chemical. 1. Integrated COcapture system and production of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) characterized by the integration of:{'sub': '2', 'a. COcapture through a dry carbonation process'}{'sub': 2', '3', '3', '2', '2', '3, 'b. Conversion of trona (NaCO—NaHCO-2HO) into sodium carbonate (NaCO)'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'c. Generation of sodium bicarbonate from the NaCOgenerated and the COcaptured.'}2. Integrated COcapture system and NaHCOgeneration according to wherein it is integrated in the output current of fossil fuel thermal plants and in COemitting industrial installations.3. Integrated system of COcapture and generation of NaHCOaccording to wherein the subsystem of COcapture uses the dry carbonation process.4. Integrated system according to the wherein the contribution of heat at medium temperature (140-230° C.) for the regeneration of sorbent and dissociation of the trona in the process of COcapture can come from renewable energy claim 1 , solar thermal technology of medium temperature or biomass.5. Integrated system of COcapture and generation of NaHCOaccording to wherein it allows generating near-zero COemissions ...

METHOD FOR FIXING CARBON DIOXIDE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIXED CARBON DIOXIDE, AND FIXED CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION APPARATUS

The present invention can provide a new method for fixing carbon dioxide. The method for fixing carbon dioxide of the present invention includes a contact step of bringing a mixed liquid containing sodium hydroxide and further containing at least one of a chloride of a Group 2 element or a chloride of a divalent metal element into contact with a gas containing carbon dioxide, wherein in the contact step, the mixed liquid and the gas are brought into contact with each other by feeding the gas into the mixed liquid. 1. A method for fixing carbon dioxide , comprising:a contact step of bringing a mixed liquid containing sodium hydroxide and further containing at least one of a chloride of a Group 2 element or a chloride of a divalent metal element into contact with a gas containing carbon dioxide, whereinin the contact step, the mixed liquid and the gas are brought into contact with each other by feeding the gas into the mixed liquid.2. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereinat least one of the chloride of a Group 2 element or the chloride of a divalent metal element is calcium chloride.3. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereinin the contact step, the gas is fed into the mixed liquid by bubbling.4. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereina concentration of the sodium hydroxide in the mixed liquid is less than 0.2 N.5. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereina concentration of the sodium hydroxide in the mixed liquid is 0.05 N or more.6. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereina concentration of the calcium chloride in the mixed liquid is 0.05 mol/l or more.7. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , whereina temperature of the mixed liquid is 70° C. or more.8. The method for fixing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 , further comprising:a cooling step of cooling the mixed liquid after the contact step.9. A method ...

System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration

A method and a system capable of removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, and obtaining relatively pure CO. The method comprises the steps of generating usable and process heat from a primary production process, applying the process heat from said primary process to co-generate substantially saturated steam, alternately repeatedly exposing a sorbent to removal and to capture regeneration system phases, wherein said sorbent is alternately exposed to a flow of ambient air during said removal phase, to sorb, and therefore remove, carbon dioxide from said ambient air, and to a flow of the process steam during the regeneration and capture phase, to remove the sorbed carbon dioxide, thus regenerating such sorbent, and capturing in relatively pure form the removed carbon dioxide. The sorbent can be carried on a porous thin flexible sheet constantly in motion between the removal location and the regeneration location 124-. (canceled)25. A method for controlling average temperature of a planet's atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to reduce global warming , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'siting a plurality of a CO-extraction systems distributed on each of the inhabited continents of the Earth, at least near to fossil fuel power sources of CO, each of said CO-extraction systems comprising an amine adsorbent supported on a solid substrate for adsorbing COfrom atmospheric air;'}{'sub': '2', 'a closed regenerating system for regenerating the solid sorbent by driving off the COfrom the sorbent into the closed system;'}a sequestration system that isolates the carbon dioxide removed from the sorbent for storage or use in other processes;{'sub': '2', 'the CO-extraction systems being open to the atmosphere so that air can circulate over the supported amine sorbent;'}{'sub': '2', 'the closed regenerating system comprising a closed chamber, a source of steam at a temperature of less than about 120° C., and a conduit for directing the ...

Pushable Multi-Fiber Connector

Multi-fiber, fiber optic cable assemblies may be configured so that the terminal ends of the cables have pre-assembled back-post assemblies that include pre-assembled ferrules, such as MPO ferrules that meet the requisite tolerances needed for fiber optic transmissions. To protect the pre-assembled components from damage prior to and during installation, pre-assembled components may be enclosed within a protective housing. The housing with pre-assembled components may be of a size smaller than fully assembled connectors so as to be sized to fit through a conduit. The remaining connector housing components for the multi-fiber connectors may be provided separately and may be configured to be attached to the back-post assembly after installation of the cable. 1. A terminal assembly for a multi-fiber optical cable , comprising:a back post member configured to couple to the multi-fiber optical cable;a ferrule;an insert configured to align with the ferrule, the insert being one of a pin holder insert and a pin alignment insert; anda housing including a first housing component and a second housing component configured to couple to the first housing component so as to form at least one chamber therebetween for receiving at least the ferrule, each of the first and second housing components being further configured to couple to the back post member.2. The terminal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chamber is configured to further receive the insert.3. The terminal assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a biasing member disposed between the back post member and the insert claim 1 , the back post member including a cavity configured to receive the biasing member.4. The terminal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the ferrule is an MPO ferrule.5. The terminal assembly of claim 1 , wherein a maximum first dimension of the back post member in a first transverse cross-sectional direction is in a range of about 5 mm to about 9 mm.6. The terminal assembly of claim 5 , ...

SODIUM-CALCIUM-ALUMINOSILICATE COLUMN FOR ADSORBING CO2

A new adsorbent CO-ONE for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was developed from hydrothermal reaction of natural limestone with natural kaolin via sodium hydroxide. Several synthesis conditions were employed such as initial concentration of NaOH, weight ratio of limestone to kaolin, reaction temperature and pressure. The produced Ca—Na—SiO—AlOsamples were characterized using XRD and EDS and showed that a mixture of Gehlenite CaAl(ASiO)OHand Stilbite NaCa(AlSiO) with percentage of 43 and 57 was successfully produced, respectively. Another produced sample showed the presence of Gehlenite CaAl(AlSiO)OH, Stilbite NaCa(AlSiO) and Lawsonite CaAlSiOOH(HO) with percentage of 4.1 and 7.4 and 88, respectively. 19-. (canceled)10: A COadsorption column , comprising: [{'sub': '2', 'a COinlet,'}, 'a gas outlet, and', {'sub': '2', 'a fixed bed column disposed inside the column between the COinlet and the gas outlet,'}], 'an gas adsorption column having{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'wherein the fixed bed column comprises a Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprising 3-6% gehlenite, 5-9% stilbite, and 86-92% lawsonite.'}11: The COadsorption column of claim 10 , wherein the Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprises 4-5% gehlenite claim 10 , 6-8% stilbite claim 10 , and 87-91% lawsonite.12: The COadsorption column composition of claim 10 , wherein the Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprises 4.1% gehlenite claim 10 , 7.4% stilbite claim 10 , and 88% lawsonite.1315-. (canceled)16: The COadsorption column of claim 10 , wherein the fixed bed column has an acidic gas adsorption capacity of 0.10 mol/g to 0.2 mol/g after a 1regeneration cycle.17: The COadsorption column of claim 10 , wherein the fixed bed column has an acidic gas adsorption capacity of 2.0 mol/g to 2.5 mol/g after a 5regeneration cycle. This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 14/167,460, allowed.Technical FieldThe ...

ISOTHERMAL CO2 ADSORPTION COLUMN

A new adsorbent CO-ONE for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide was developed from hydrothermal reaction of natural limestone with natural kaolin via sodium hydroxide. Several synthesis conditions were employed such as initial concentration of NaOH, weight ratio of limestone to kaolin, reaction temperature and pressure. The produced Ca—Na-SiO2-Al2O3 samples were characterized using XRD and EDS and showed that a mixture of Gehlenite CaAl(AlSiO)OHand Stilbite NaCa(AlSiO) with percentage of 43 and 57 was successfully produced, respectively. Another produced sample showed the presence of Gehlenite CaAl(AlSiO)OH, Stilbite NaCa(AlSiO) and Lawsonite CaAlSiOOH(HO) with percentage of 4.1 and 7.4 and 88, respectively. 1. An isothermal COadsorption column , comprising: [{'sub': '2', 'a COinlet at a first end,'}, 'a gas outlet at a second end, and', 'a fixed bed column disposed inside the column,, 'an gas adsorption column having{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'wherein the fixed bed column comprises a Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprising40-45% gehlenite and 55-60% stilbite.2. The isothermal COadsorption column of claim 1 , wherein the fixed bed column further comprises one or more acidic gases adsorbed on the Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition.3. The isothermal COadsorption column of claim 1 , wherein the Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprises 42-44% gehlenite and 56-58% stilbite.4. The isothermal COadsorption column of claim 1 , wherein the Ca—Na—SiO—AlO/Sodium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate composition comprises 43% gehlenite and 57% stilbite.57-. (canceled)8. The isothermal COadsorption column of claim 1 , having an acidic gas adsorption capacity of 0.10 mol/g-0.2 mol/g after a 1regeneration cycle.9. The isothermal COadsorption column of claim 1 , having an acidic gas adsorption capacity of 2.0 mol/g-2.5 mol/g after a 5regeneration cycle.1017-. (canceled) This application is a ...

Renewable transportation fuel process with thermal oxidation sysem

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

Composition for the Purification of Flue Gas

The invention relates to a composition for the purification of flue gas containing 35 to 99 wt. % of a powder of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid and 1 to 65 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material, wherein the powder of an absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g. The invention also relates to a process for dry flue gas purification and the use of an absorptive material to improve the flowability and/or storability and/or HF absorptivity of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid. 120.-. (canceled)21. A composition for the purification of flue gas , said composition containing , in each case based on the total weight of the composition:a. 35 to 50 wt. % of a powder of an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid; andb. 50 to 65 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material;wherein said powder of said absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm3/g, and wherein said absorptive material is an absorbent for sulfur oxides and/or an absorbent for hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride, and wherein said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, and mixtures thereof.22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said powder of said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 50 μm; and/or wherein said powder of said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 180 μm.23. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said alkali metal salt of carbonic acid is sodium hydrogen carbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate.24. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said absorptive material is selected from the group consisting of limestone claim 21 , quicklime claim 21 , hydrated lime claim 21 , dolomite claim 21 , dolomitic quicklime claim 21 , dolomitic hydrated lime ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVING S02 FROM GAS WITH S02 CONTENT THAT IS TEMPORARILY VERY HIGH

The invention is directed to a process and a system for removing sulfur dioxide from a feed gas stream. In the process the feed gas pre-scrubbed. Then SO2 is absorbed from the gas with an absorbing medium. The spent absorbing medium is regenerated. These process steps are interchanged with a caustic treatment in the pre-scrubbing zone in case of a very high SO2 content in the feed gas stream. The system comprises a pre-scrubbing unit, an absorption unit, and a regeneration unit. The system is characterized in that the pre-scrubber unit comprises an inlet for an aqueous solution comprising a strong base. These are a simple, cost-efficient and reliable process and facility for processing gas with a varying SO2 content. 1. A process for removing sulfur dioxide from a feed gas stream , which process comprises:(i) contacting the feed gas stream with an aqueous stream in a pre-scrubbing zone;(ii) contacting at least a part of the pre-scrubbed gas stream obtained in step (i) with an aqueous lean absorbing medium in an absorption zone to absorb sulfur dioxide and to form a sulfur dioxide lean treated gas stream and a spent absorbing medium;(iii) stripping, preferably steam stripping, absorbed sulfur dioxide from at least a part of the spent absorbing medium obtained in step (ii) in a regeneration zone to form a regenerated aqueous absorbing medium and gas stream comprising sulfur dioxide;(iv) optionally recycling at least a portion of the regenerated aqueous absorbing medium obtained in step (iii) to step (ii);(v) optionally feeding the gas stream comprising sulfur dioxide to a Sulfur Removal Unit, preferably to a Claus Sulfur Removal Unit;whereby the series of steps (i) to (v) is interchanged with:(A) contacting the feed gas stream with an aqueous solution comprising a strong base in the pre-scrubbing zone to form a sulfur dioxide lean treated gas stream and an aqueous solution comprising sulfite and/or bisulfite ions.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (A) ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVING SO2 FROM FLUE GASES USING LIQUID SORBENT INJECTION

Finely atomized alkaline sorbent salt solutions are injected into a hot flue gas stream to remove SO. Flash evaporation of the droplets produces very fine dried sorbent particles, which react efficiently with SOin the flue gas. The liquid sorbent may be sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or the like. In a coal-fired boiler, the liquid sorbent may be injected after the economizer section, where the flue gas temperature is below 850° F., and upstream of a particulate collection device. The dried sorbent particles react with SOand then are removed from the flue gas stream in the particulate collection device, producing a cleaned flue gas stream. 1. A method for removing sulfur dioxide from a flue gas stream , comprising:passing a flue gas stream through an emission control system having a boiler, an economizer, an air heater, a particulate control device and a stack;injecting into the flue gas stream a liquid sorbent solution having a liquid fraction and a sorbent fraction, wherein the liquid fraction evaporates upon contact with the flue gas stream leaving the sorbent fraction as dry sorbent particles;chemically reacting the dry sorbent particles with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas stream to form a particulate; andcollecting the particulate in a particulate collection device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the flue gas stream at the point the liquid sorbent solution is injected is less than 850° F.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the flue gas stream at the point the liquid sorbent solution is injected is between 600° F. and 800° F.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid sorbent solution is injected into the flue gas stream after the flue gas stream exits the economizer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid sorbent solution is injected into the flue gas stream after the flue gas stream passes through the economizer and is also injected into the flue gas ...

FOULING MITIGATION IN ALKANOLAMINE TREATING SYSTEMS

Methods for the prevention or mitigation of fouling in amine-treating systems comprising providing circulating aqueous amine solution and a hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one acid gas; and interacting the circulating aqueous amine solution with the hydrocarbon stream comprising the at least one acid gas to remove the acid gas from the hydrocarbon stream and entrain the acid gas into the aqueous amine solution. The circulating aqueous amine solution comprises entrained acid gas comprises foulant precursors; and polysulfide ions are introduced to react with the foulant precursors to decrease the rate of fouling within the circulating aqueous amine solution. 1. A method for the prevention or mitigation of fouling in amine-treating systems comprising:providing circulating aqueous amine solution and a hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one acid gas; and 'wherein the circulating aqueous amine solution comprising entrained acid gas comprises foulant precursors; and', 'interacting the circulating aqueous amine solution with the hydrocarbon stream comprising the at least one acid gas to remove at least a portion of the acid gas from the hydrocarbon stream and entrain the acid gas into the aqueous amine solution;'}introducing polysulfide ions react with the foulant precursors to decrease the rate of fouling within the circulating aqueous amine solution.2. The method of wherein the circulating aqueous amine solution comprises a rich amine circuit and a lean amine circuit; and wherein polysulfide ions are introduced into the rich amine circuit claim 1 , the lean amine circuit claim 1 , or both the rich amine circuit and the lean amine circuit.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous amine solution comprises alkanolamines.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the alkanolamines comprise at least one ethanolamine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA) claim 3 , diethanolamine (DEA) claim 3 , diglycolamine (DGA) claim 3 , di-isopropanolamine ...

PITCH DESTRUCTION PROCESSES USING THERMAL OXIDATION SYSTEM

Processes for the treatment of waste streams from the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbons containing additives and catalysts are described. At least one of the SHC pitch stream, SDA pitch stream, and the heavy residue stream is sent to a thermal oxidation system. The metals in the SHC and SDA pitch streams and the heavy residue stream are oxidized and can be easily recovered as clean powdered metal oxides which can be reused or sold. The processes produce chemicals which can be recovered and sold. 1. A process for treating effluent streams in a process comprising: [{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'thermally oxidizing the at least one of the pitch stream from the slurry hydrocracking fractionation section, the pitch stream from the solvent deasphalting separation section, and the heavy residue stream in a thermal oxidizing section forming flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, SOx, NOx, and oxidized metal particulate;'}, 'recovering waste heat from the flue gas in a waste heat recovery section;', 'optionally filtering the flue gas in the filtration section to remove the oxidized metal particulate forming a filtered flue gas and a particulate stream comprising the oxidized metal particulate;', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'claim-text': quenching the flue gas or the filtered flue gas to form quenched flue gas after recovering the waste heat; and', {'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '4, 'contacting a caustic solution or an NHbased solution with the quenched flue gas in scrubbing section to form the de-SOx outlet flue gas and a liquid stream comprising at least one of HO, NaSO, NaSO, NaHSO, NaCO, and (NH)SO;'}, 'or', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '3', '4', '3', '3', '2', '3', '4', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'reacting the flue gas or the filtered flue gas with a reactant in an SOx reaction section to form a reaction section flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, ...

Composition for the Purification of Flue Gas

The invention relates to a composition for the purification of flue gas containing 1 to 99 wt. % of a powder of a sodium salt of carbonic acid and 1 to 99 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material, wherein the powder of an absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g. The invention also relates to a process for dry flue gas purification and the use of an absorptive material to improve the flowability and/or storability and/or HF absorptivity of a sodium salt of carbonic acid. 120.-. (canceled)21. A composition for the purification of flue gas , said composition containing , in each case based on the total weight of the composition:a. 13 to 30 wt. % of a powder of a sodium salt of carbonic acid; andb. 70 to 87 wt. % of a powder of an absorptive material,{'sup': '3', 'sub': '50', 'wherein said powder of said absorptive material has a specific pore volume that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm/g and wherein said absorptive material is an absorbent for sulfur oxides and/or an absorptive material for hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen fluoride, and wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 50 μm.'}22. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said composition contains 13 to 20 wt. % of said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid claim 21 , based on the total weight of the composition claim 21 , and/or wherein said composition contains 80 to 87 wt. % of said powder of said absorptive material claim 21 , based on the total weight of the composition.23. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 45 μm claim 21 , and/or wherein said powder of said sodium salt of carbonic acid has a particle size dof less than 180 μm.24. The composition according to claim 21 , wherein said sodium salt of carbonic acid is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate claim 21 , sodium ...

NAPHTHA COMPLEX WITH THERMAL OXIDATION SYSTEM

A process for treating effluent streams in a naphtha complex is described. One or more of the sour water stripping unit for the NHT sour water from the NHT, the amine treatment unit and the caustic treatment unit for the NHT stripper off-gas, the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the off-gas from the C-Cisomerization zone and the Cisomerization zone, and the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the regenerator off-gas are replaced with a thermal oxidation system. 1. A process for treating off-gas and water effluent streams in a naphtha complex comprising:{'sub': 5', '6', '5', '6', '4', '4, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 5', '6', '4', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'thermally oxidizing the at least one of the NHT stripper off-gas stream, the C-Cisomerization stabilizer off-gas stream, the regenerator off-gas stream, the Cisomerization stabilizer off-gas stream, and the NHT sour water stream in a thermal oxidizing section forming flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, SOx, NOx, HCl, Cl, dioxins, and furans;'}, 'optionally recovering waste heat from the flue gas in a waste heat recovery section;', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'claim-text': quenching the flue gas in a quench section to form quenched flue gas after recovering the waste heat; and', {'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '4', '4, 'contacting a caustic solution or an NHbased solution with the quenched flue gas in scrubbing section to form the de-SOx outlet flue gas and a liquid stream comprising at least one of HO, NaSO, NaSO, NaHSO, NaCO, NaCl, (NH)SO, and NHCl;'}, 'or', {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '4', '3', '2', '4', '3', '3', '2', '2', '3', '4', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2, 'reacting the flue gas with a reactant in an SOx reaction section to form a reaction section flue gas consisting essentially of at least one of HO, CO, N, O, NaCl, NaCO, NaSO, NaNO, CaCl, CaSO, CaCO, Ca( ...

Process and plant for producing cement clinker and for purifying the offgases formed

The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing cement clinker and for purifying the off-gases formed thereby, wherein cement raw meal is preheated in a preheater by means of hot off-gases and then optionally precalcined, the preheated and optionally precalcined cement raw meal is burnt in a rotary kiln to form cement clinker, the cement clinker is cooled in a cooler, the hot off-gases used in the preheater are used in a raw mill for treating the cement raw meal, the dust content of a dust-containing mill off-gas thereby formed is reduced in a separating device to less than 5 g/Nm 3 , preferably less than 1 g/Nm 3 , alkali hydrogen carbonate and/or alkali carbonate is added to and mixed with the mill off-gas whose dust content has been reduced to less than 5 g/Nm 3 , and the mixed gas thereby formed is subsequently fed to a process filter for separation of dust laden with pollutants.

Sodium bicarbonate product with excellent flowability and its method of manufacture

A particulate sodium bicarbonate product with an excellent flowability characterized by an angle of repose less than 30 degrees. An angle of repose of less than 27.5 is particularly good. The product is preferably in the form of ovoid or spherical particles, in that the particles have a mean axial ratio of at least 0.5. In some embodiments, the sodium bicarbonate product has a smooth particle surface in which less than 75% of the particle surface is covered with spikes. The particles may have a mean diameter D 50 of at least 75 microns but less than 300 microns. The particulate sodium bicarbonate product comprises inorganic and organic impurities embedded in its polycrystalline structure, for example at least 75 ppm TOC; or at least 30 ppm Ca; or from 1 to 18 ppm Mg; or more than 0.6 g/kg NaCl; and/or from 100 to less than 500 ppm Si. A process for manufacturing such product, and its use for the treatment of pollutants in gases such as removal of acid gas.

Control of carbonyl sulfide with sodium borohydride in caustic towers for petroleum/petrochemical processes

Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) may be used to removing carbonyl sulfide (COS) from a process stream containing it. The method involves contacting the process stream with an amount of effective of NaBH 4 to react with the COS to form reaction products that may be removed by a process of washing away the reaction product by an aqueous basic compound and/or the reaction product having a higher boiling point than carbonyl sulfide which permits trapping the reaction product, such as in a caustic tower.

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING HALIDE SPECIES IN PROCESS STREAMS

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate. 1. A medium for treating chloride species in a process stream , the medium comprising a reactant and a solid , porous substrate retainer , wherein the medium is configured to react with a chloride species in the process stream to produce an essentially chloride-free process stream and attract and retain the neutralized chloride salts on the substrate retainer , and wherein the reactant comprises tribasic potassium phosphate and a titanium dioxide carrier.2. The medium of claim 1 , wherein the solid claim 1 , porous substrate retainer comprises a reticulated ceramic material having a surface area of up to 300 square meters per gram. This application is a divisional application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/258,286, file Jan. 25, 2019, which is a continuation application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/485,943, filed Apr. 12, 2017, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,902, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/377,294, filed Aug. 19, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/378,059, filed Aug. 22, 2016, the disclosures and contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The presently disclosed subject matter relates to mitigating the effects of undesired halide species in process streams within industrial ...

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING HALIDE SPECIES IN PROCESS STREAMS

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate. 1contacting the process stream with a medium comprising a reactant and a solid porous substrate retainer,wherein the process stream comprises a hydrocarbon fluid and chloride species,and wherein the reactant comprises tribasic potassium phosphate and a titanium dioxide carrier;reacting the halide species in the process stream with the medium to produce a halide-free process stream and neutralized chloride salts; andattracting and retaining the neutralized chloride salts on the substrate retainer.. A method of treating chloride species in a process stream, the method comprising: This application is a continuation application and claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/258,286, filed Jan. 25, 2019, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/485,943, filed Apr. 12, 2017, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,258,902, which claims the benefit, and priority benefit, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/377,294, filed Aug. 19, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/378,059, filed Aug. 22, 2016, the disclosures and contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The presently disclosed subject matter relates to mitigating the effects of undesired halide species in process streams within industrial process facilities.Undesired halide species can be found in industrial process streams and ...

CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION APPARATUS

The present invention provides a new carbon dioxide fixation apparatus. The carbon dioxide fixation apparatus () of the present invention includes: a first reaction vessel (); a carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit (); and a gas-liquid mixing unit. The first reaction vessel () can contain a carbon dioxide fixing agent, the carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit () can feed the carbon dioxide fixing agent into the first reaction vessel (), and the gas-liquid mixing unit can mix a gas containing carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide fixing agent. 1. A carbon dioxide fixation apparatus , comprising:a first reaction vessel;a carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit; anda gas-liquid mixing unit, whereinthe first reaction vessel can contain a carbon dioxide fixing agent,the carbon dioxide fixing agent feeding unit can feed the carbon dioxide fixing agent into the first reaction vessel, andthe gas-liquid mixing unit can mix a gas containing carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide fixing agent.2. The carbon dioxide fixation apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas-liquid mixing unit is inserted into the first reaction vessel, a plurality of holes are provided at an insertion end portion, and the gas can be discharged from the plurality of holes into the carbon dioxide fixing agent in the first reaction vessel.3. The carbon dioxide fixation apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe gas-liquid mixing unit comprises a liquid circulation flow path and a pump,the liquid circulation flow path comprises a liquid suction end portion and a liquid discharge end portion,the liquid suction end portion and the liquid discharge end portion are inserted into the first reaction vessel, andthe pump can suck the carbon dioxide fixing agent from the liquid suction end portion and can discharge the sucked carbon dioxide fixing agent from the liquid discharge end portion.4. The carbon dioxide fixation apparatus according to claim 3 , whereinthe liquid circulation flow path ...

INSPIRATORY SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE

A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus in-eluding a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller. 147-. (canceled)48. An apparatus comprising:a reaction chamber including one or more pairs of electrodes configured to generate a series of electric arcs to synthesize a reactant gas containing at least nitrogen and oxygen to a product gas containing nitric oxide;a sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of the reactant gas or the product gas; anda controller in communication with the one or more pairs of electrodes and the sensor, the controller being configured to detect a triggering event based on the one or more characteristics of the reactant gas or the product gas and initiate the series of electric arcs a predetermined amount of time ahead of the triggering event to increase a concentration of nitric oxide in the product gas.49. The apparatus of claim 48 , wherein the predetermined amount of time ahead of the triggering event is configured to be adjusted to control the concentration of nitric oxide in the product gas.50. The apparatus of claim 48 , wherein the one or more characteristics include at least one of a direction of flow of the reactant gas claim 48 , a tidal volume of a flow of the reactant gas claim 48 , a timing of a flow of the reactant gas claim 48 , a change in temperature of a flow of the ...

COMPLEXATION AND REMOVAL OF MERCURY FROM FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEMS

A method for the reduction and prevention of mercury emissions into the environment from combusted fossil fuels or other off-gases with the use of peracetic acid is disclosed. The peracetic acid is used for the capture of mercury from the resulting flue gases using a flue gas desulfurization system or scrubber. The method uses peracetic acid in conjunction with a scrubber to capture mercury and lower its emission and/or re-emission with stack gases. The method allows the use of coal as a cleaner and environmentally friendlier fuel source as well as capturing mercury from other processing systems. 1. A method for reducing mercury emissions , comprising:providing a gas stream comprising mercury; andpassing the gas stream into a scrubber comprising a scrubber liquor and peracetic acid, wherein the peracetic acid is mixed with a carrying agent selected from the group consisting of a lime slurry, a sodium-based alkali solution, a trona-based solution, a sodium carbonate solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, water, and any combination thereof.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrying agent is water.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing acetic acid and an oxidant to form the peracetic acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the oxidant is selected from hydrogen peroxide claim 5 , sodium hypochlorite and mixtures of the same.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury is from combusted coal.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scrubber is a wet scrubber selected from a spray tower system claim 1 , a jet bubbler system claim 1 , and a co-current packed tower system.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peracetic acid is added to the liquor and then added to the scrubber.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peracetic acid is added to the scrubber containing the liquor.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peracetic acid is added to a virgin liquor ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING CARBON DIOXIDE, AND FUEL GAS DESULFURIZATION FACILITY

Provided are an absorbing column in which flue gas containing sulfur oxides is desulfurized by seawater and a reactor vessel in which alkali earth metal or alkali metal is added to the seawater having absorbed the sulfur oxides from the flue gas in the absorbing column to produce a compound which is stable like minerals. 1. A method for fixing carbon dioxide comprisinga seawater desulfurizing step of desulfurizing flue gas containing sulfur oxides by seawater andan addition step of adding an element selected from a group consisting of alkali earth metal and alkali metal to the seawater having absorbed the sulfur oxides from the flue gas in said seawater desulfurizing step to produce a compound.2. The method for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a recovery step of recovering the compound produced by said addition step.3. The method for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said alkali earth metal is an element selected from a group consisting of calcium and magnesium.4. The method for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said alkali earth metal is an element selected from a group consisting of calcium and magnesium.5. The method for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said alkali metal is an element selected from a group consisting of lithium claim 1 , sodium and potassium.6. The method for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said alkali metal is an element selected from a group consisting of lithium claim 2 , sodium and potassium.7. An apparatus for fixing carbon dioxide comprisingan absorbing column in which flue gas containing sulfur oxides is desulfurized by seawater anda reactor vessel in which an element selected from a group consisting of alkali earth metal and alkali metal is added to the seawater having absorbed the sulfur oxides from the flue gas in said absorbing column to produce a compound.8. The apparatus for fixing carbon dioxide as claimed in further ...

Low Temperature Method and System for Fuel Gas Purification and Utilization Thereof

A low temperature purification system includes a reactor; a lye tank to store oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent; an exhausted gas supplier to provide vehicle exhausted gas to the reactor; a gasification pump arranged between the reactor and the lye tank to spray the oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent to the reactor; wherein the oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent is reacted with vehicle exhausted gas to generate a series of reactions to purify the vehicle exhausted gas. A low temperature purification method includes the following steps: (1) providing vehicle exhausted gas into a reactor; (2) providing oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent into a reactor to form reaction gas; (3) compressing the reaction gas by a piston to generate a series of reactions to generate reacted products; (4) separating liquid-gas-solid in the reacted products to purify the vehicle exhausted gas. 1. A low temperature purification system , comprising:a reactor;a lye tank to store oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent;an exhausted gas supplier to provide exhausted gas to said reactor; anda gasification pump arranged between said reactor and said lye tank to spray said oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent to said reactor, wherein said oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent is reacted with said exhausted gas to generate a series of reactions to purify said vehicle exhausted gas.2. The low temperature system claim 1 , as recited in claim 1 , wherein said reactor is a cylinder.3. The low temperature purification system claim 1 , as recited in claim 1 , wherein said exhausted gas includes pollutants selected from a group consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) claim 1 , hydrocarbons claim 1 , (HC) claim 1 , nitrogen oxides (NO) claim 1 , particulate matter (PM) claim 1 , carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , and sulfur dioxide (SO).4. The low temperature purification system claim 3 , as recited in claim 3 , wherein said oxygen-rich alkaline absorbent comprises NaOH claim 3 , and other alkaline solutions claim 3 , and said oxygen-rich alkaline ...

Addition of alkaline materials to biotrickling filter or bio-filter make-up water

A system for removing undesirable compounds from contaminated air includes a biofilter having an alkaline material introduction system and a fuzzy-logic based controller. A contaminant, such as hydrogen sulfide, is removed from contaminated air by passing the contaminated air through the biofilter.

Nuclear driven carbon dioxide sequestration system and method

A system and method for heat produced at a nuclear power plant as the energy source for carbon dioxide sequestration while simultaneously producing electricity. The system includes a nuclear power plant that differs significantly from conventional designs inasmuch as its design is tightly integrated into the carbon dioxide sequestration system. The system generates electricity and sequesters carbon dioxide at the same time. Instead of simply generating electricity from the nuclear reactor and then using that electricity to run a sequestration process, the method is designed to directly provide the requisite thermal energy to the sequestration process, and simultaneously power an electrical generator. Another feature of the system design is a method of optimizing load balancing between the electrical grid and carbon dioxide sequestration.

System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration

A method for removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, using a sorbent under ambient conditions, to obtain relatively pure CO. The COis removed from the sorbent using process heat, preferably in the form of steam, at a temperature in the range of not greater than about 130° C., to capture the relatively pure COand to regenerate the sorbent for repeated use. Increased efficiency can be achieved by admixing with the ambient air, prior to contacting the sorbent, a minor amount of a preferably pretreated effluent gas containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide can be stored for further use, or sequestered permanently. The above method provides purified carbon dioxide for further use in agriculture and chemical processes, or for permanent sequestration. 136-. (canceled)37. A system for cyclically removing carbon dioxide from a CO-laden gas flow selected from ambient air or a blended mixture of a minor portion of carbon dioxide-containing effluent gases with a major portion of carbon dioxide laden ambient air , by adsorbing or binding the COon a sorbent for CO , and capturing the COby stripping the COfrom the sorbent , the system comprising:a contact structure comprising a porous substrate with a surface area along which an amine sorbent is distributed that is capable of reversibly adsorbing, or binding to, carbon dioxide, an air conduit, open at one end to the ambient atmosphere and at a second end to a blending zone, an effluent gas conduit having an inlet and an outlet, the blending zone being also connected to the outlet from the effluent gas conduit, the inlet to the effluent gas conduit being connected to a source of effluent gases, the outlet from the blending zone emptying into the contact structure, the relative flow of effluent gases and ambient air into the blending zone being such as to result in a gas blend comprising not greater than 25% by volume of effluent gases and a blended temperature of not greater than 25 ...

SORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF MERCURY

Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams are provided herein, as are adsorbent materials having high volumetric iodine numbers. 1. A method for removing mercury from a flue gas comprising:injecting an adsorptive material into a flue gas stream wherein the adsorptive material comprises an activated carbon having a volumetric iodine number of about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc, wherein the adsorptive material has a mean particle diameter (MPD) of less than about 15 μm, wherein the volumetric iodine number is a product of the gravimetric iodine number (mg of iodine adsorbed/gram of carbon) and the apparent density of the activated carbon (grams of carbon/cc of carbon), wherein the gravimetric iodine number is determined using standard test method (ASTM) D-4607 and the apparent density is determined using (ASTM) D-2854.2. The method of claim 1 , the adsorptive material further comprising one or more oxidizing agent.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine claim 2 , bromine claim 2 , iodine claim 2 , calcium hypochlorite claim 2 , calcium hypobromite claim 2 , calcium hypoiodite claim 2 , calcium chloride claim 2 , calcium bromide claim 2 , calcium iodide claim 2 , magnesium chloride claim 2 , magnesium bromide claim 2 , magnesium iodide claim 2 , sodium chloride claim 2 , sodium bromide claim 2 , sodium iodide claim 2 , potassium tri-chloride claim 2 , potassium tri-bromide claim 2 , potassium triiodide claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent comprises 5 wt. % to 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material.5. The method of claim 1 , the adsorptive material further comprising one or more nitrogen source that is combined as a dry admixture with the mercury adsorptive material.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium containing compounds ...

Process for capture of carbon dioxide and desalination

The present invention relates to a process for reducing in a gas stream the concentration of carbon dioxide and for reducing in an aqueous stream the concentration of sodium chloride, which process comprises contacting a feed gas comprising greater than or equal to 0.1% by volume carbon dioxide with an aqueous feed comprising: (a) sodium chloride; and (b) calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide at a total concentration of greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight, wherein the pH of the aqueous feed is greater than or equal to 10.0. A product aqueous stream obtained from the process of the invention is also described.

CERAMIC MATERIAL FOR THE ABSORPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PROCESSES FOR THE REGENERATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OF THE CERAMIC MATERIAL, AND USES

The present invention describes the process of preparing ceramic materials for absorption of acidic gases, mainly carbon dioxide, in exhaust systems and/or present indoors. Ceramic materials are formed by a mixture of alkali carbonate with alkaline earth metal oxide/hydroxide associated with a binding component, but non-limiting. The alkali carbonate comprises sodium, potassium carbonate, or a mixture of both. The alkaline earth metal oxide/hydroxide may be formed from magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide as well as calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide. 111-. (canceled)12. A process for producing a ceramic material , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, '(a) solubilizing 23 to 360 g of alkali carbonate in 500 to 1,000 mL of water, wherein the alkali carbonate is NaCO, KCO, or a combination thereof;'}(b) adding 200 to 800 g of alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide;(c) adding a binding agent to form a mixture;(d) homogenizing the mixture obtained in step (c) for 5 to 30 minutes to form a clay;(e) removing, and optionally molding the clay obtained in step (d) for 1 to 3 hours;(f) drying the clay at a temperature from 50° C. to 150° C., preferably 80° C., for a period of 3 to 48 hours.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein 87 g of alkali carbonate is solubilized in 500 to 1 claim 12 ,000 mL of water.14. The process of claim 12 , wherein 300 g of alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide is added.15. The process of claim 12 , wherein the mixture is homogenized for 10 minutes.16. The process of claim 12 , wherein the clay is molded for 1 hour.17. The process of claim 12 , wherein the clay is dried for 24 hours.18. The process of claim 12 , wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide (MgO) claim 12 , magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) claim 12 , calcium oxide (CaO) claim 12 , and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)).19. The process of claim 12 , wherein the binding agent in step (c) is ...

Refrigeration load reduction system and methods

A refrigeration load reduction system can include a primary container having gas permeable openings therein. A granular composition is retained within the container. The granular composition is a granular mixture of a sodium carbonate mineral and a mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acid. Typically, the sodium carbonate mineral is a trona mineral, although other minerals can be used singly or in combination with trona. A method of reducing refrigeration load can include orienting the refrigeration load reduction system within a fluid circulation path of a refrigeration unit adapted to cool a refrigeration chamber.

SHAPED ATTRITION RESISTANT PARTICLES FOR CO2 CAPTURING AND CONVERSION

The present invention relates to Cellulose and/or Lignin based materials used as catalyst and/or sorbent support, carrier and/or binder in combination with an inorganic binder, leading to strong but flexible structures such as porous monoliths, wire mesh or shaped particles (extrudates, beads, pellets, microspheres) which can accommodate variations in catalyst and/or sorbent loadings as well as temperature and pressure fluctuations and humidity swings, this without loss of sorption capacity and mechanical integrity to prevent attrition, fines, losses etc. These sorbent/catalyst can be produced from waste biomass and can be recycled and reused, dissolved and re-precipitated making use of solvents like ZnCI2. 1. Attrition resistant shaped porous materials or particles comprising:a) an organic carbon based support and/or binder selected from carbon fibers, active carbon particles, carbon coated on an inorganic binder sorbent system and material from biomass origin which is partially or wholly carbonized,b) an inorganic binder and support selected from alumina, silica-slumina, magnesia, titania and/or clays containing silica and/or magnesia and/or titania and/or alumina and/or zinc,{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3, 'c) inorganic oxides and/or carbonates dispersed on a) and/or b) as COcapturing sorbent and/or as conversion catalysts whereby c) comprises an inorganic carbonate, preferably selected from KCO, KHCO, NaCO, and NaHCO.'}2. Attrition resistant shaped porous materials or particles of comprising:a) 20-80% of the organic Carbon based material,b) 20-80% of the inorganic support and/or binder,{'sub': '2', 'c) inorganic oxides and/or Carbonates dispersed on a) and/or b) as COcapturing sorbent and/or as conversion catalysts.'}3. Attrition resistant shaped porous materials or particles of{'sub': '2', 'wherein inorganic oxides and/or Carbonates are dispersed on a) as COcapturing sorbent and/or conversion catalysts.'}4. Attrition resistant shaped porous materials or ...

Method for the removal of at least one contaminant from an aqueous liquor or a gas

A method for the removal of at least one contaminant from an aqueous liquor or a gas, comprising: preparing a solution or slurry of a solid alkali reagent by supplying a solid alkali reagent into a pre-wetting chamber via a feed pipe; supplying a liquid via two or more liquid sidestreams, each through a liquid inlet positioned on a side wall of the chamber to allow the liquid sidestreams to wash an internal wall of a frusto-conical section of the chamber and flow, preferably tangentially onto the internal wall in a downward spiraling manner thereby forming a vortex, towards a fluid outlet of the chamber and to further wet the solid alkali reagent with the supplied liquid thereby forming a pre-wetted reagent; and flowing a stream though a conduit, thereby creating a suction by the eductor to draw the pre-wetted reagent out of the chamber fluid outlet and mixing it with the stream to form a slurry or solution; and directing the slurry or solution exiting the eductor to an aqueous liquor or gas treatment unit, removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the aqueous liquor or gas in the treatment unit.

CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY

Carbon dioxide is separated from flue gas by scrubbing the gas with an aqueous solution of an amine and salt, and the COis therefore released from the solution by heating. The scrubbing step is performed with a co-current stream of an aqueous solution of the amine and a salt. 1a. burning a fossil fuel to create a supply of flue gas containing carbon dioxide at a fossil site;b. continuously transporting the flue gas supply to the top of an absorption column packed with an aqueous solution of an amine chosen from the group consisting of N-Propylamine and monoethanolamine and a salt chosen from the group consisting of Na Cl and K Cl while replenishing the solution to the top of the column thereby scrubbing the flue gas by a downward co-current flow of the gas and the solution though the column at a temperature of between 15° C. and 50° C. thereby saturating the solution with carbon dioxide to produce a bicarbonate and ammonia chloride;c. thereafter heating the carbon dioxide enriched solution taken from the bottom of the column to release the absorbed carbon dioxide; andd. recycling the regenerated aqueous solution to the top of the column to replenish the solution for step (b).. A system for recovery carbon dioxide from a flue gas containing carbon dioxide comprising the steps of: This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/966,459 filed Apr. 30, 2018, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/600,043 filed May 19, 2017, which is a continuation-in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/798,827 filed Jul. 14, 2015, and hereby incorporates by reference the priority dates and contents of said applications in their entirety.The present invention relates to a process for the recovery of carbon dioxde from flue gases. The process uses an aqueous solution of salt and an amine to scrub the flue gas and absorb carbon dioxide. The resulting solution is regenerated by heating it in order to strip out pure carbon ...

METHODS FOR THE CAPTURE OF GASEOUS SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS FROM A NATUAL GAS CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE

This disclosure provides a method for treating natural gas comprising causing at least some of a sour natural gas stream comprising hydrocarbon gas and hydrogen sulfide to contact an amine or pass through a separation system. A sweet natural gas stream comprising hydrocarbon gas and a waste gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide are formed by contacting the sour natural gas with an amine or by passing it though a separation device. At least some of the hydrogen sulfide in the waste gas stream is oxidized, forming an exhaust gas stream comprising sulfur dioxide, which is then contacted with water or reactant and water solution or slurry to destroy or convert SOinto a less environmentally harmful compound. 1. A method of capturing and removing gaseous sulfur-containing compounds from natural gas containing HS , comprising the steps of:delivering natural gas into an amine plant or separator;{'sub': '2', 'separating the natural gas in the amine plant into a sweet natural gas stream and a concentrated waste stream having a HS component;'}{'sub': '2', 'delivering the concentrated waste stream, containing the HS component, to an oxidizer;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'oxidizing components of the concentrated waste stream, including the HS component, in the oxidizer to yield an oxidized waste stream comprising sulfur oxide wherein the sulfur oxide is comprised primarily of SO;'}cooling the oxidized waste stream;{'sub': '2', 'transferring the oxidized waste stream to a scrubber and reacting SOin the oxidized waste stream with a reactant in a water solution or slurry in the scrubber to obtain sulfite or sulfate or salts or a combination thereof; and'}filtering aerosols exiting the quenching scrubber with a scrubbed gas filter.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidized waste stream is cooled by contacting the oxidized waste stream with water.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising utilizing heat generated by oxidizing the concentrated waste stream to ...

INSPIRATORY SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE

A system for generating nitric oxide can include an apparatus positioned in a trachea of a mammal, the apparatus in eluding a respiration sensor for collecting information related to one or more triggering events associated with the trachea, an oxygen sensor for collecting information related to a concentration of oxygen in a gas, and one or more pairs of electrodes for initiating a series of electric arcs to generate nitric oxide, and the system for generating nitric oxide can also include a controller for determining one or more control parameters based on the information collected by the respiration sensor and the oxygen sensor, wherein the series of electric arcs is initiated based on the control parameters determined by the controller. 147.-. (canceled)48. An apparatus comprising:a reaction chamber including one or more pairs of electrodes configured to generate a series of electric arcs to synthesize a reactant gas containing at least nitrogen and oxygen to a product gas containing nitric oxide, the reaction chamber being at least partially positioned within a tube into which the product gas is delivered;a sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of a flow of a gas in the tube; and{'sub': '2', 'a controller in communication with the one or more pairs of electrodes and the sensor, the controller being configured to initiate the series of electric arcs based on the one or more characteristics of the flow of the gas in the tube to minimize a concentration of NOin the product gas.'}49. The apparatus of claim 48 , wherein the one or more pairs of electrodes include a noble metal.50. The apparatus of claim 48 , wherein the one or more pairs of electrodes include iridium.51. The apparatus of claim 48 , wherein the one or more characteristics include at least one of a direction of the flow of the gas claim 48 , a tidal volume of the flow of the gas claim 48 , a timing of the flow of the gas claim 48 , a change in temperature of the flow of the gas ...

PROCESS FOR CO2 CAPTURE USING CARBONATES AND BIOCATALYSTS

A formulation and process for capturing COuse an absorption mixture containing water, biocatalysts and a carbonate compound. The process includes contacting a CO-containing gas with the absorption mixture to enable dissolution and transformation of COinto bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, thereby producing a CO-depleted gas and an ion-rich solution, followed by subjecting the ion-rich solution to desorption. The biocatalyst improves absorption of the mixture comprising carbonate compounds and the carbonate compound promotes release of the bicarbonate ions from the ion-rich solution during desorption, producing a COgas stream and an ion-depleted solution. 1. An enzymatic process for COcapture , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'supplying a COcontaining gas into a lower portion of an absorption unit;'}supplying an absorption solution comprising sodium or potassium carbonate into an upper portion of the absorption unit;{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'counter-currently and directly contacting the COcontaining gas and the absorption solution in the absorption unit in the presence of carbonic anhydrase while operating at an absorption pressure to enable dissolution and biocatalytic transformation of COinto bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, thereby producing a COdepleted gas and an ion-loaded solution;'}removing the ion-loaded solution from the lower portion of the absorption unit;supplying the ion-loaded solution to an upper portion of a desorption unit;{'sub': 2', '2, 'desorbing COfrom the ion-loaded solution in the desorption unit operated at a desorption pressure that is lower than the absorption pressure, to produce desorbed COgas, water vapor, and a regenerated absorption solution;'}removing the regenerated absorption solution from a lower portion of the desorption unit;{'sub': '2', 'removing a gas stream comprising the desorbed COgas and the water vapor from the desorption unit; and'}recycling at least part of the regenerated absorption solution back as at least part of the absorption ...

Control of aqueous arsenic, selenium, mercury or other metals from flue gas

The invention pertains to methods of reducing dissolved elements such as arsenic, selenium and mercury in aqueous solutions using, for example, various barium compounds to partition said elements to a solid phase. Such methods are particularly useful for reducing such elements at various points in coal and oil-fired power plants prior to final waste water treatment.

Methods for removing contaminants from exhaust gases

Industrial gas streams such as flue gas streams are treated for nitrogen oxides and other contaminants in dry or semi-dry scrubbers. After the flue gas stream has been contacted with a sorbent, ozone is mixed downstream into the flue gas stream thereby oxidizing the nitrogen oxides and other contaminants. The oxidized contaminants is contacted with sorbent present in the gas stream in the remaining height or volume of the scrubber downstream of ozone injection; and The sorbent is then separated from the flue gas stream leaving the dry or semi-dry scrubber.

Process for co2 capture using micro-particles comprising biocatalysts

A process for desorbing CO 2 gas from an ion-rich aqueous mixture comprising bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, includes providing micro-particles in the ion-rich aqueous mixture; and feeding the ion-rich aqueous mixture into a desorption reactor; the micro-particles comprising a support material and biocatalysts supported and stabilized by the support material and being sized and provided in a concentration in the desorption reactor such that the micro-particles are carried with the ion-rich aqueous mixture to promote transformation of the bicarbonate and hydrogen ions into CO 2 gas and water, thereby producing a CO 2 gas stream and an ion-depleted solution.

CHEMICAL SEQUESTERING OF CO2, NOX AND SO2

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) (collectively NO, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO, NOx and SO. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO, NOx and SOinto compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value. 1. A method of chemically sequestering sulfur dioxide (SO) , nitrogen oxide (NO) , nitrogen dioxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO) by a loop sequence , comprising:{'sub': ['2', '2', '2', '2'], '#text': 'a) providing a mixture of SO, NO, NO, CO, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water (HO) in the one or more second reaction chambers;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '2', '4'], '#text': 'b) reacting SOwith NaOCl and HO to generate sodium chloride (NaCl) and sulfuric acid (HSO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '3'], '#text': 'c) reacting NO and NOwith NaOCl and HO to generate sodium nitrate (NaNO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the mixture;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '3'], '#text': 'd) reacting COwith NaOCl and HO to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '2'], '#text': 'e) reacting NO and NOwith NaOH and NaOCl to generate sodium nitrite (NaNO) and HO in the mixture;'}{'sub': ['2', '3'], '#text': 'f) reacting COwith NaOH to provide NaHCOin the mixture;'}{'sub': ['3', '2', '4'], '#text': 'g) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaCl NaHCOand NaSOto precipitate, and removing the precipitate from the mixture;'}h) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;{'sub': ['2', '3'], '#text': 'i) adding a dialkyl ketone ...

CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE

Techniques for drift elimination in a liquid-gas contactor system include configuring a pre-fabricated mechanical frame coupled to a drift eliminator material to produce a framed drift eliminator assembly with substantially no air gaps between the drift eliminator material and the pre-fabricated mechanical frame, and coupling the framed drift eliminator assembly to the liquid-gas contactor system. 1. (canceled)2. A dual-cell cross flow gas contactor for capturing atmospheric CO2 , the dual-cell cross flow gas contactor comprising:an induced fan within a fan cowling, the induced fan coupled to a structural housing;one or more sections of drift eliminator material coupled to the structural housing;one or more sections of packing material coupled to the structural housing, the one or more sections of packing material configured to be wetted by a process solution having a CO2-absorbing capacity;an open plenum section coupled to the structural housing, the open plenum section defined between a first section and a second section of the one or more sections of packing material and the fan cowling; anda basin fluidly coupled to the one or more sections of packing material, the basin configured to collect the process solution from the one or more section of packing.3. The dual-cell cross flow gas contactor of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sections of drift eliminator material is positioned below the fan cowling and downwind of the one or more sections of packing material.4. The dual-cell cross flow gas contactor of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sections of drift eliminator material is positioned adjacent to and downwind of the packing material.5. The dual-cell cross flow gas contactor of claim 4 , wherein the drift eliminator material is coupled to the packing material.6. The dual-cell cross flow gas contactor of claim 1 , further comprising a sealant coupled to at least one of the drift eliminator material or the structural housing.7. The dual-cell cross flow gas ...

MULTICOMPONENT COMPOSITIONS FOR MERCURY REMOVAL

Herein are disclosed compositions of matter, processes of manufacture and processes of use of solid state admixtures that include an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof. The composition can include solid state inorganic bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide and sodium sesquicarbonate) and/or gaseous bases (e.g., ammonia) and, optionally, a support material for one or more of the inorganic base and sulfide. The compositions are useful for capturing environmental contaminants, for example, from the flue gas of a coal fired power plant. 1. A composition comprising:a solid state admixture of an inorganic base and a sulfide selected from the group consisting of an ammonium sulfide, an alkali metal sulfide, an alkali-earth metal sulfide, transition metal sulfide, and a mixture thereof.2. The composition of consisting essentially of an admixture of the inorganic base and the sulfide.3. The composition of further comprising a support carrying the admixture.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition consists essentially of the support carrying the admixture.5. The composition of - claim 3 , wherein the support is selected from the group consisting of a silicate claim 3 , an aluminate claim 3 , an aluminosilicate claim 3 , a carbon claim 3 , and a mixture thereof.6. The composition of any one of - claim 3 , wherein the support is a phyllosilicate selected from the group consisting of bentonite claim 3 , montmorillonite claim 3 , hectorite claim 3 , beidellite claim 3 , saponite claim 3 , nontronite claim 3 , volkonskoite claim 3 , sauconite claim 3 , stevensite claim 3 , fluorohectorite claim 3 , laponite claim 3 , rectonite claim 3 , vermiculite claim 3 , illite claim 3 , a micaceous mineral claim 3 , makatite claim 3 , kanemite claim 3 , octasilicate (illierite) claim 3 , magadiite claim 3 , kenyaite claim 3 , ...

SEPARATION AND CO-CAPTURE OF CO2 AND SO2 FROM COMBUSTION PROCESS FLUE GAS

The present invention relates to a process for concurrently removing COand SOfrom flue gas produced by a combustion process, comprising: 1. A process for concurrently removing COand SOfrom flue gas produced by a combustion process , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, '(a) performing a combustion process by combusting a fuel and air in a combustion apparatus, thereby creating an exhaust stream comprising COand SO;'}(b) compressing the exhaust stream in a first compression step, thereby producing a first compressed gas stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, '(c) providing a first membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, and being selectively permeable to COand SOover nitrogen and to COand SOover oxygen;'}(d) passing at least a portion of the first compressed gas stream across the feed side;{'sub': 2', '2, '(e) withdrawing from the feed side a CO- and SO-depleted residue stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(f) withdrawing from the permeate side at a lower pressure than the first compressed gas stream, a first permeate stream enriched in COand SO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(g) passing the first permeate stream to a separation process that produces a stream enriched in COand a stream enriched in SO.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein between steps (f) and (h) there is a further step (f′) of compressing the first permeate stream in a second compression step.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream comprises flue gas from a coal-fired power plant.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separation process is a Ca(OH) claim 1 , Na(OH) scrubbing step.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separation step is an absorption process.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the absorption process is a Wellman-Lord process.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein volume of the first permeate stream is less than about one-fifth of the volume of the exhaust stream8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust stream further comprises NO.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the first membrane is also ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING GAS

A method and apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed. 1. A method for purifying gas , whereina gas is treated in a multistage treatment comprising at least two ejector stages,a motive medium which comprises liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure is injected to at least one ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas is mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture,at least a part of gas phase and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second or later ejector stage which comprises at least one ejector so that a second or later motive medium which comprises liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas phase and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas phase and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second or later motive medium for forming a second or later mixture,at least one of the mixtures comprises an additive for removing impurities of the gas, anda purified gas is formed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein high pressure liquid is used as motive medium in the first ejector stage and/or in the second or later ejector stage.3. The method according to claim 1 , claim 1 ...

RECIRCULATION FILTER FOR AN ELECTRONICS ENCLOSURE

A filter assembly for use in an electronics enclosure is disclosed herein. The filter assembly has an inner assembly having a filter material comprising fibrous media and a containment assembly having a first containment layer and a second containment layer. The containment assembly defines an outer perimeter and the first containment layer and a second containment layer are bonded along the outer perimeter in an outer weld area to encapsulate the inner assembly. The outer weld area extends between the outer perimeter and an interior perimeter. The inner assembly defines an inner assembly perimeter that is within the outer perimeter of the containment assembly. 1. A filter assembly for use in an electronics enclosure comprising:an inner assembly comprising a filter material comprising fibrous media, wherein the inner assembly defines an inner assembly perimeter; anda containment assembly defining an outer perimeter, the containment assembly comprising a first containment layer and a second containment layer bonded along the outer perimeter in an outer weld area to encapsulate the inner assembly,wherein the inner assembly perimeter is within the outer perimeter of the containment assembly, andwherein the outer weld area extends between the outer perimeter and an interior perimeter.2. The filter assembly of any of and - , wherein the inner assembly further comprises an adsorbent adjacent to the filter material.3. The filter assembly of any of - and - , wherein the filter material encapsulates the adsorbent.4. The filter assembly of any of - and - , defining a locking structure that is configured to limit shifting of the inner assembly relative to the containment assembly within the interior perimeter of the containment assembly.5. The filter assembly of any of - and - , wherein the locking structure comprises at least one bonding element in the group consisting of: an adhesive and a melted region of the containment assembly , wherein the bonding element is disposed ...

AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL DEVICE FOR SCRUBBER, AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL METHOD FOR SCRUBBER, AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL METHOD

A method for controlling an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater, includes calculating a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil, and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater, calculating a corrected amount of seawater as an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas, calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater and implementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount is supplied to the scrubber. 1. An amount of seawater control method for a scrubber , which controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater , comprising the steps of:calculating a minimum amount of seawater which is a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater;calculating a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas;calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater; andimplementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount of seawater is supplied to the scrubber.2. The amount of seawater control method for a scrubber according to claim 1 , further ...

SOx CAPTURE USING CARBONATE ABSORBENT

A desulfurization gas process includes water vapor, COand SO(x=2 and/or 3). In a treatment unit, the gas contacts a cooled alkaline aqueous solution having a temperature lower than an initial gas temperature, water and a carbonate of an alkali metal, to cool the gas, condense some water vapor and absorb SOin the carbonate-containing solution, produce an SO-depleted gas and an acidic aqueous solution including sulfate and/or sulfite ions. The SO-depleted gas and a portion of the acidic aqueous solution can then be withdrawn from the treatment unit. Carbonate of the alkali metal can be added to remaining acidic aqueous solution to obtain a made-up alkaline aqueous solution. This solution can be cooled and reused as the cooled alkaline aqueous solution. An SOabsorbent solution includes a bleed stream from a CO-capture process, sodium or potassium carbonate, and an acidic aqueous solution obtained from desulfurization.

Hydration of gas streams

Techniques for humidifying a gas stream using a hydration system includes directing a gas stream through a contact zone of at least one hydration system; directing a hydration solution into the contact zone using a pump; contacting the gas stream with the hydration solution; evaporating water from the hydration solution into the gas stream to form a humidified gas stream, transporting the humidified gas stream out of the at least one hydration system; and collecting the remaining hydration solution in a hydration solution collection basin below the contact zone. The at least one hydration system is fluidly coupled to at least one downstream process and the humidified gas stream from the at least one hydration system is transported as a feed stream to the at least one downstream process.

Process for the removal of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides contained in off-gas from an industrial plant

Process for cleaning an off-gas containing sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter employing SOx adsorption and ammonia-SCR in one filtration unit, in particular a filter bag house with one or more catalysed fabric filter assemblies.

STABILIZATION OF AT LEAST ONE HEAVY METAL CONTAINED IN A SODIC FLY ASH USING A WATER-SOLUBLE SOURCE OF SILICATE AND A MATERIAL CONTAINING CALCIUM AND/OR MAGNESIUM

A treatment method for stabilizing at least a portion of at least one heavy metal contained in a sodic fly ash to reduce leachability, wherein the sodic fly ash is provided by a process whereby a sodium-based sorbent is injected in a combustion flue gas to remove pollutants therefrom. The treatment method comprises contacting the sodic fly ash with at least one water-soluble source of silicate and at least one additive comprising calcium and/or magnesium. The material obtained from the contacting step is preferably dried. The additive may be selected from the group consisting of lime kiln dust, fine limestone, quicklime, hydrated lime, dolomitic lime, dolomite, selectively calcined dolomite, hydrated dolomite, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and any mixture thereof. A particularly preferred additive comprises lime kiln dust and/or dolomitic lime. The heavy metal to be stabilized in the sodic fly ash may comprise selenium and/or arsenic. 2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one additive comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of lime kiln dust claim 1 , fine limestone claim 1 , quicklime claim 1 , hydrated lime claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , selectively calcined dolomite claim 1 , hydrated dolomite claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium carbonate claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , and any mixture of two or more thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one additive comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of lime kiln dust claim 1 , fine limestone claim 1 , quicklime claim 1 , hydrated lime claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , selectively calcined dolomite claim 1 , hydrated dolomite claim 1 , and any mixture of two or more thereof.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said sodic fly ash has a Na content greater than 1.5 wt % expressed as NaO.6. The method according to ...

Photocatalytic material for splitting oxides of carbon

An embodiment relates to a photocatalytic composite material comprising (a) a first component that generates a photoexcited electron and has at least a certain minimum bandgap to absorb visible light and a structure that substantially prevents the recombination of the photoexcited electron and a hole; (b) a second component that adsorbs/absorbs an oxide of carbon; and (c) a third component that splits the oxide of carbon into carbon and oxygen using the photoexcited electron.

WATER RECYCLING IN A CO2 REMOVAL PROCESS AND SYSTEM

Apparatuses, systems, and methods related to removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream are provided. Gas streams can be waste gas streams or natural gas streams. The systems and methods for removing carbon dioxide incorporate water repurposing schemes. Still others are disclosed. 1. A method of effectively reducing an amount of carbon dioxide from a gas stream comprising the steps of(a) generating an aqueous hydroxide solution in a chloro-alkali cell;(b) diluting the aqueous hydroxide solution to obtain a 5% to 15% by weight aqueous hydroxide solution;(c) admixing the diluted aqueous hydroxide solution with a first portion of a gas stream containing carbon dioxide to produce carbonate in a first admixture; and(d) removing water from the first admixture in a water removal unit;(e) after step (d), admixing the first admixture with a second portion of the gas stream to produce bicarbonate in a second admixture.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein 20% to 30% of water is removed from the first admixture in step (d).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein 23% to 26% of water is removed from the first admixture in step (d).4. The method of claim 1 , where the diluted aqueous hydroxide solution has a concentration of 8% to 10%.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of separating a liquid phase from a solid phase of the second admixture and adding as a diluent at least a portion of the liquid phase to the aqueous hydroxide solution in step (b).6. The method of claim 1 , where the second admixture comprises a liquid phase and a solid phase and the method further comprises the steps of separating the liquid phase from the solid phase and returning at least a portion of the liquid phase to the second admixture where the first admixture is admixed.7. The method of claim 1 , where the second admixture comprises a liquid phase and a solid phase and the method further comprises the steps of separating the liquid phase from the solid phase and adding at least a portion of ...

Capturing carbon dioxide

A system for removing CO2 from a dilute gas mixture includes a frame including a plurality of structural members; at least one packing section including one or more packing sheets, the one or more packing sheets including a plurality of macrostructures; one or more basins positioned at least partially below the at least one packing section, the one or more basins configured to hold a CO2 capture solution; at least one fan positioned to circulate a CO2 laden gas through the at least one packing section; and a liquid distribution system configured to flow the CO2 capture solution onto the at least one packing section.

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR REMOVING A GAS FROM A FLOW OF A GAS MIXTURE

A method and installation for removing a gas from a flow of a gas mixture. A first liquid () is introduced in the flow () for evoporative cooling and saturation of the gas mixture. Small droplets of a second liquid () are provided which are capable of adsorbing and dissolving said gas and of a size small enough not to be sedimented by gravitation and big enough to be centrifugally separated. The small droplets are sprayed into the flow for adsorbing and dissolving said gas into the droplets, and the small droplets are centrifugally separated from the flow. 1. A method of removing a gas from a flow of a gas mixture , characterized by:introducing a first liquid in the flow for evaporative cooling and saturation of the gas mixture;providing small droplets of a second liquid capable of dissolving said gas and of a size small enough not to be sedimented by gravitation and big enough to be centrifugally separated;spraying the small droplets into the flow for adsorbing and dissolving said gas into the droplets; andcentrifugally separating the small droplets from the flow,wherein the gas mixture is a combustion exhaust gas.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising introducing the first liquid by spraying small droplets thereof into the flow.3. The method of claim 2 , comprising forming the small droplets of the first liquid by atomization.4. The method of claim 3 , comprising generating the atomization of the first liquid by pressurized air using a two-fluid nozzle or by high-pressure liquid spray using a single-fluid nozzle.5. The method of claim 4 , comprising forming the small droplets of the second liquid by atomization.6. The method of claim 5 , comprising generating the atomization of the second liquid by pressurized air using a two-fluid nozzle or by high-pressure liquid spray using a single-fluid nozzle.7. The method of claim 2 , comprising controlling the size of the droplets of the first and second liquids to vary between 20 and 200 μm claim 2 , typically to be about ...

Hydraulic Gas Compressors and Applications Thereof

An compressor utilizing a flow of fluid down a vertical column to entrain air, or other gas, and compress it under the head of the flow. Compressed air is then separated from the flow in an air separation chamber at the bottom of the vertical column. In one application, the compressed gas is used to cool a deep underground mine. In another application, the system is used to separate chemical compounds from gaseous mixtures, such as the exhaust gases of fossil fuelled power plants. In a further application, the system is integrated into a domestic or commercial air conditioning system. The system can also be used as part of a minimum work vapour compression refrigerator.

TREATMENT METHOD FOR COAL FLY ASH

A treatment method for coal fly ash, and in particular sodic fly ash, comprises 1) contacting the coal fly ash with anhydrite, and 2) contacting the coal fly ash in the presence of water with at least one additive. The material obtained from the contacting steps (1) and (2) may be dried. The steps (1) and (2) may be carried simultaneously or sequentially. The additive may comprise at least one component selected from the group consisting of strontium-containing compounds, barium-containing compounds, dolomite, a dolomite derivative such as calcined or hydrated dolomite, water-soluble sources of silicate such as sodium or potassium silicate, iron-containing compounds, and any combinations thereof. A particularly preferred additive comprises sodium silicate. The method may be effective in reducing the sodium content in the fly ash (NaO), reducing the alkalinity of the fly ash, and/or stabilizing at least one heavy metal such as selenium and/or arsenic to reduce their leachability. 1. A treatment method for a coal fly ash , wherein the coal fly ash is provided by a combustion process in which a sodium-containing sorbent is injected into a flue gas generated during coal combustion to remove at least a portion of pollutants contained in the flue gas , said treatment method comprising:1) contacting the coal fly ash with anhydrite; and {'sub': '2', 'wherein said coal fly ash is a sodic fly ash with a Na content greater than 1.5 wt % expressed as NaO.'}, '2) contacting the coal fly ash in the presence of water with at least one additive comprising sodium silicate, potassium silicate, or any combination thereof,'}2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one additive further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of strontium hydroxide claim 1 , strontium chloride claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , dolomitic lime claim 1 , ferric sulfate claim 1 , ferric chloride claim 1 , and any combinations of two or more ...

System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration

A method for removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, using a sorbent under ambient conditions, to obtain relatively pure CO. The COis removed from the sorbent using process heat, preferably in the form of steam, at a temperature in the range of not greater than about 130° C., to capture the relatively pure COand to regenerate the sorbent for repeated use. Increased efficiency can be achieved by admixing with the ambient air, prior to contacting the sorbent, a minor amount of a preferably pretreated effluent gas containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide can be stored for further use, or sequestered permanently. The above method provides purified carbon dioxide for further use in agriculture and chemical processes, or for permanent sequestration. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. (canceled)29. (canceled)30. (canceled)31. (canceled)32. A method capable of capturing carbon dioxide from ambient air under ambient conditions , the method comprising the steps of:providing energy to a primary production process with co-generated usable process heat,applying the co-generated process heat from said primary process to co-generate steam superheated at ambient pressure, [{'sub': '2', 'exposing said sorbent to a flow of ambient air during said capture stage, so as to enable said sorbent to capture carbon dioxide from said ambient air and form COladen sorbent, and'}, {'sub': '2', 'exposing said COladen sorbent to said co-generated steam during the regeneration phase, so as to cause the stripping of such captured carbon dioxide from the sorbent.'}], 'alternately repeatedly exposing a sorbent to ...

Temperature-Based Estimation Of Scrubbing Capacity Of A Gas Scrubber

Methods and systems for estimating remaining or utilized scrubbing capacity of a gas scrubber are described. Inside the gas scrubber, a reaction gas is produced by an exothermic or endothermic reaction. Temperature sensors are positioned along the gas flow path, and temperature readings are obtained. Temperature differences between pairs of adjacent temperature sensors are determined. The largest temperature difference for each such pair is recorded. A recent temperature difference is normalized by dividing the recent difference by the largest recorded for the same pair. One or more of the normalized temperature differences may be weighted. The normalized temperature differences and/or the weighted temperature differences are combined to provide a life-value, which is indicative of the remaining or utilized scrubbing capacity of the gas scrubber. 1. A method of estimating scrubbing capacity of a gas scrubber , comprising:(a) providing a gas scrubber having a canister with reactive material inside the canister, and further having a plurality of temperature sensors at different locations along a gas flow path;(b) causing gas to flow through the canister so that the gas contacts the reactive material and thereby causes a Thermic reaction to occur between the gas and the reactive material;(c) during a time period, taking a reading from each of the temperature sensors to provide a temperature indication for each of the temperature sensors;(d) storing the temperature indications;(e) repeating steps c and d for other time periods until a desired number of time periods have occurred;(f) for each time period, using the stored temperature indications, determining a temperature difference for each adjacent pair of temperature sensors to provide a set of temperature differences;{'sub': 'L', '(g) using the sets, for each pair of adjacent temperature sensors, selecting a largest of the temperature differences (“T”);'}{'sub': 'L', '(h) for each pair of adjacent temperature sensors ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM FLUE GAS

A method of removing carbon dioxide from flue gas is disclosed. The method comprises mixing the flue gas with ammonia; and contacting the gas mixture with calcium nitrate solution to produce calcium carbonate precipitates and ammonium nitrate solution; or contacting the gas mixture with sodium nitrate solution to produce sodium carbonate precipitates and ammonium nitrate solution. The carbonate/bicarbonate precipitates are recovered by separating the carbonate/bicarbonates (s) from said solutions. An apparatus for performing the above method is also disclosed. The apparatus comprises a reaction vessel with an inlet to receive said solution and an inlet to receive and deliver a flue gas-ammonia mixture to a gas-liquid contactor which is configured to diffuse said gas mixture into either calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate solution. The reaction vessel is also provided with an impellor and draft tube configured to circulate the diffused gas mixture throughout the calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate solution for a period of time sufficient to produce carbonate/bicarbonate precipitates locking the CO2 into a solid form. 1. A method of removing carbon dioxide from a flue gas , the method comprising:a) mixing the flue gas with ammonia; and,b) contacting the gas mixture from step a) with a solution containing calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or calcium sulphate to produce carbonate and/or bicarbonate precipitates in an ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate solution.2. The method according to further comprising the step of recovering the carbonate/bicarbonate precipitates.3. The method according to or claim 1 , wherein that the calcium nitrate solution or the sodium nitrate solution have a dissolved salts concentration of at least 230 grams per litre.4. The method according to or claim 1 , wherein the calcium sulphate solution has a dissolved salts concentration of at least 500 grams per litre.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the pH of ...

TREATMENT OF ACID GASES USING MOLTEN ALKALI METAL BORATES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF SEPARATION

The removal of acid gases (e.g., non-carbon dioxide acid gases) using sorbents that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described. 1. A method , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'exposing a sorbent, the sorbent comprising a salt in molten form, to an environment containing a non-COacid gas such that at least a portion of the non-COacid gas interacts with the sorbent and at least a portion of the non-COacid gas is removed from the environment.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt in molten form comprises an alkali metal borate claim 1 , MBO claim 1 , wherein M is one or more alkali metals claim 1 , B is Boron claim 1 , O is Oxygen claim 1 , and x is a number such that 0 Подробнее

PROCESSES FOR REGENERATING SORBENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS

Processes for regenerating sorbents at high temperatures, and associated systems, are generally described. 1. A method , comprising:regenerating a sorbent that has been exposed to an acid gas via exposure to steam such that at least part of the acid gas is separated from the sorbent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sorbent comprises an alkali metal borate claim 1 , ABO claim 1 , wherein A is one or more alkali metals claim 1 , B is Boron claim 1 , O is Oxygen claim 1 , and x is a number such that 0 Подробнее

Direct gas capture systems and methods of use thereof

The present disclosure provides systems and methods that combine direct capture of one or more moieties from a gaseous mixture with one or both of calcium oxide production and power production. The systems and methods can utilize combinations of a capture unit, a regeneration unit, a calcination unit, a slaking unit, a heat exchange unit, a separation unit, and a power production unit. The present disclosure provides the ability to remove carbon dioxide and other moieties from air or other gaseous mixtures in a truly carbon negative manner by utilizing electricity from a power production unit that is operated in a carbon neutral or carbon negative manner and simultaneously provide useful products, such as calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide.

SORBENT-ENHANCED PROCESSES FOR THE REACTION OF FUEL TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND RELATED SYSTEMS

Methods of using sorbents to enhance the production of hydrogen from fuel, and related systems, are generally described. In some embodiments, the production of hydrogen from the fuel involves a reforming reaction and/or a gasification reaction combined with a water-gas shift reaction. 1. A method , comprising:exposing a sorbent comprising a salt in molten form to an environment containing a mixture of gaseous fuel and steam such that at least part of the mixture interacts with the sorbent and reacts to form hydrogen gas.2. A method , comprising:reacting a fuel and water to produce hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide; andexposing the carbon dioxide to a sorbent comprising a salt in molten form to capture at least a portion of the carbon dioxide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reacting and exposing are conducted in a single vessel.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reacting is conducted in a first vessel claim 2 , and the exposing is conducted in a second vessel separate from the first vessel.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein an inlet stream containing hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide is transported from the first vessel to the second vessel claim 4 , and further comprising recycling a recycle stream claim 4 , from the second vessel to the first vessel claim 4 , wherein the recycle stream is enriched in hydrogen relative to the inlet stream and depleted in carbon dioxide relative to the inlet stream.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt in molten form comprises an alkali metal borate claim 1 , ABO claim 1 , where A is an alkali metal claim 1 , B is Boron claim 1 , O is Oxygen claim 1 , and x is a number such that 0 Подробнее

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL APPARATUS

An air pollution control apparatus includes: a denitration unit that removes nitrogen oxides from a flue gas; a desulfurization unit that is installed on a gas flow downstream side of the denitration unit to remove the sulfur oxides in a flue gas B; a finish denitration and desulfurization unit that is installed on the gas flow downstream side of the desulfurization unit to perform finish denitration and desulfurization of NOand SO; and a carbon dioxide recovery unit that is installed on the gas flow downstream side of the finish denitration and desulfurization unit to remove and recover the carbon dioxide in a flue gas. 1. An air pollution control apparatus comprising:a denitration unit that removes nitrogen oxides from a flue gas up to an extremely low concentration, the flue gas being discharged from a boiler and containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon dioxide;a desulfurization unit that is installed on a gas flow downstream side of the denitration unit to remove the sulfur oxides in the flue gas up to an extremely low concentration;{'sub': 2', '2, 'a finish denitration and desulfurization unit that is installed on the gas flow downstream side of the desulfurization unit to perform finish denitration and desulfurization of NOhaving an extremely low concentration and SOhaving an extremely low concentration remaining in the flue gas by an absorbent containing sulfite; and'}a carbon dioxide recovery unit that is installed on the gas flow downstream side of the finish denitration and desulfurization unit to remove and recover the carbon dioxide in the flue gas.2. The air pollution control apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a SOalkali removal unit that is installed on the gas flow downstream side of the finish denitration and desulfurization unit to remove residual SOin the flue gas by alkali.'}3. The air pollution control apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a gas cooling unit that is ...

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO CARBON CAPTURE

In one proposed application provided by the present invention, and as shown in FIG. COis captured from a dirty flue gas in a fluid bed Turboscrubber® to be recycled rapidly to a fluid bed Turbostripper® where it is desorbed into a clean air stream for introduction to a horticultural glass-house for enhancement of fruit, vegetable or other crop growth. In a further application of the present invention as shown in FIG. COenriched saltwater is circulated through a tank (), to feed Algae thereby allowing fast photosynthesis to occur in, for example, the production of bio fuels. Alternatively, if the Algae suspension is sufficiently robust, it can be pumped around a Turboscrubber® () and the Algae tank () in order to keep it in constant contact with the COenriched aqueous solution. 1. A process for absorption of carbon dioxide gas in fluidised bed scrubbers , which enhances capture without chemical reaction by a combination of high liquid to gas ratios , being at least 20 litres/mand simultaneous use of saline solutions with an Ionic Strength of 0.2 or greater.2. A process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the fluidised bed employs hollow or low density solid plastic claim 1 , foam or resin manufactured elements of any form claim 1 , shape or size to ensure good contact and high interfacial area between counter current gas and liquid phases to minimise gaseous flow pressure drop and to avoid “flooding”.3. A process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the gas phase is preferably in excess of 1% by volume.4. A process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the carbon dioxide claim 1 , once captured claim 1 , is quickly claim 1 , i.e. within a few minutes claim 1 , removed from the liquid phase after absorptive capture into solution by cycling the liquid to a fluidised bed or other stripping device to enable desorption to take place.5. A process according to claim 1 , characterised in that the preferred ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE COMPOSITION PARTICLES BASED ON SODIUM CARBONATE AND REACTIVE COMPOSITION PARTICLES

Process for the production of reactive composition particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate and having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m/g, according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate having a median particle size Dof less than 35 μm are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of at least 100° C. in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination, the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain, on the one hand, the reactive composition particles and, on the other hand, a separated stream of hot gases comprising COand steam, the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage. 1. A process for producing reactive composition particles comprising at least 60% by weight of sodium carbonate and having a BET specific surface of at least 4 m/g , according to which particles based on sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate having a median particle size Dof less than 35 μm , are brought into contact with a stream of hot gases having a temperature of greater than 100° C. in order to convert the sodium bicarbonate into sodium carbonate by calcination , the stream of hot gases comprising calcined particles subsequently being subjected to a separation stage in order to obtain the reactive composition particles and a separated stream of hot gases comprising COand steam , the separated stream of hot gases being at least partly recycled upstream of the separation stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of hot gases comprises at least 0.5% by weight ammonia.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream of hot gases has a temperature of at least 130° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein time elapsed between bringing into contact and the end of the separation stage is less than 30 ...

POROUS CERAMICS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, FILTRATION, AND MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS

In accordance with one aspect of the presently disclosed inventive concepts, a porous ceramic structure includes a three-dimensional printed structure having predefined features, where the three-dimensional structure has a geometric shape. The average length of the features may be at least 10 microns. The three-dimensional structure includes a ceramic material having an open cell structure with a plurality of pores, where the pores form continuous channels through the ceramic material from one side of the ceramic material to an opposite side of the ceramic material. 1. A product , comprising:a ceramic material having an open cell structure with a plurality of pores, wherein the pores connect through the ceramic material from one side of the ceramic material to an opposite side of the ceramic material; andan aqueous sorbent solution in the pores of the ceramic material, wherein a portion of the aqueous sorbent solution is retained in the pores by capillary action.2. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material comprises YO doped ZrO.3. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the pores is in a range of about 50 nanometers to about 500 nanometers.4. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the pores is in a range of about 50 nanometers to about 200 nanometers.5. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein a density of the ceramic material is in a range of about 20% to about 50% of a density of a solid nonporous ceramic form having the same composition as the ceramic material.6. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material is in a form of a crushed ceramic structure having a plurality of crushed pieces claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the plurality of crushed pieces is less than 400 microns.7. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous sorbent solution is an ionic solution.8. The product as recited in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous sorbent solution is sodium ...

A PROCESS FOR THE PURIFYING OF A RAW GAS STREAM CONTAINING MAINLY C1-C5 HYDROCARBONS AND CARBON DIOXIDE, AND IMPURITIES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS, HALOGENATED AND NON-HALOGENATED VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND OXYGEN

A method for the purification of a raw gas stream by selective catalytic oxidation, in which organic and inorganic sulfur compounds, halogenated and non-halogenated volatile organic compounds are selectively oxidized without substantially oxidizing the lower hydrocarbons and the sulfur containing compounds present in the gas to sulfur trioxide and excess of oxygen is removed by oxidation of lower alcohols, ethers or hydrogen added to the raw gas stream upstream the catalytic oxidation. 1. A process for purifying of a raw gas containing mainly C1-C5 hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide , and impurities of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds , halogenated and non-halogenated volatile organic compounds , oxygen , nitrogen and water , without substantially oxidizing the C1-C5 hydrocarbons and without substantially oxidizing the organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to sulfur trioxide , the process comprises the steps ofcontacting the raw gas at a temperature of between 200 and 450° C. in one or more oxidation steps with a selective oxidation catalyst and oxidizing selectively in part or in full the organic and inorganic sulfur compounds and the halogenated and non-halogenated volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide, water, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen halides; andremoving at least part of excess of oxygen contained in the raw gas in the one or more oxidation steps by adding lower alcohols, lower ethers, hydrogen or combinations thereof to the raw gas upstream to at least one of the one or more oxidation steps and oxidizing the lower alcohols, lower ethers or hydrogen or combinations thereof to carbon dioxide and water with the at least part of the excess of oxygen;withdrawing and cooling a hot exit gas from the one or more oxidation steps comprising the C1-C5 hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen halides and being essentially free of oxygen; andintroducing the cooled exit gas into a purification step and removing the sulfur dioxide and the ...

CHEMICAL SEQUESTERING OF CO2, NOx and SO2

The disclosure provides seven integrated methods for the chemical sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO) (collectively NOR, where x=1, 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO) using closed loop technology. The methods recycle process reagents and mass balance consumable reagents that can be made using electrochemical separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl). The technology applies to marine and terrestrial exhaust gas sources for CO, NOx and SO. The integrated technology combines compatible and green processes that capture and/or convert CO, NOx and SOinto compounds that enhance the environment, many with commercial value. 1. A method of chemically sequestering carbon dioxide (CO) by a loop sequence , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) providing a mixture of CO, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and water (HO) in one or more reaction chambers;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2, 'b) reacting COwith LiOH to generate lithium carbonate (LiCO) and water (HO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'c) reacting LiCOwith NaOH or KOH to generate LiOH, and sodium carbonate (NaCO) or potassium carbonate (KCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'd) reacting NaCOor KCOwith COand HO to generate sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) or potassium bicarbonate (KHCO) in the mixture;'}{'sub': 3', '3', '3', '3, 'e) adding an alcohol solvent to the mixture, forcing the generated NaHCOor KHCOto precipitate, and removing the precipitated NaHCOor KHCOfrom the solution;'}f) removing the alcohol solvent from the mixture;{'sub': '2', 'g) optionally adding NaOH or KOH, and/or HO to the mixture; and'}{'sub': '2', 'h) adding COto the mixture in the one or more reaction chambers and reacting the mixture according to step b to complete the loop sequence.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol solvent is tert-butanol or methanol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein COis ...

Carbon dioxide treatment apparatus, carbon dioxide treatment method, and method of producing carbon compound

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide treatment apparatus, a carbon dioxide treatment method, and a method of producing carbon compounds, which have high energy efficiency from carbon dioxide capture to reduction and a high carbon dioxide loss reduction effect. In a carbon dioxide treatment apparatus 100 including: a capturing device 1 that captures carbon dioxide; and an electrochemical reaction device 2 that electrochemically reduces carbon dioxide, an absorption unit 12 of the capturing device 1 brings an electrolytic solution A composed of a strong alkaline aqueous solution and carbon dioxide gas into contact with each other to dissolve carbon dioxide in the electrolytic solution A and absorb the carbon dioxide, supplies an electrolytic solution B that has absorbed carbon dioxide between the cathode and the anode of the electrochemical reaction device 2, and electrochemically reduces the dissolved carbon dioxide in the electrolytic solution at the cathode.

HALOGENATED ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

This disclosure provides a halogenated activated carbon composition comprising carbon, a halogenated compound and a salt. In some embodiments, the halogenated compound and the salt comprise a naturally occurring salt mixture, as may be obtained from ocean water, salt lake water, rock salt, salt brine wells, for example. In some embodiments, the naturally occurring salt mixture comprises Dead Sea salt. 1. A halogenated activated carbon composition , the composition comprising , on a dry basis:at least about 85 wt % carbon;a halogenated compound; anda salt;wherein the halogenated compound and the salt are present in a total amount of at least about 0.1 wt % to at most about 15 wt %.2. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 90 wt % carbon.3. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises at least about 95 wt % carbon.4. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon is biogenic carbon.5. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound and the salt are present in a total amount of at least about 1 wt % to at most about 10 wt %.6. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride; and wherein the salt comprises at least one of magnesium chloride claim 1 , potassium chloride claim 1 , sodium chloride claim 1 , and calcium chloride that is different than the halogenated compound.7. The halogenated activated carbon composition of claim 1 , wherein the halogenated compound or the salt comprises at least one anion selected from the group consisting of chloride claim 1 , bromide claim 1 , iodide claim 1 , fluoride claim 1 , sulfate claim 1 , nitrate claim 1 , and phosphate.8. The halogenated activated carbon composition of ...

VERTICAL COLUMN APPARATUS FOR MASS EXCHANGE PROCESSES

The present invention relates to a vertical column apparatus () for mass exchange processes in the chemical, oil or gas industry and in particular, for the production of iodine from formation water of oil and gas fields, comprising: 11. Vertical column apparatus () for mass exchange processes in the chemical , oil or gas industry , comprising:{'b': 2', '3', '1, 'a gas outlet () at the top and a liquid outlet () at the bottom of the column ();'}{'b': 4', '1', '1', '5', '4', '6', '4, 'a packed section () between the top and the bottom of the column (), wherein the column () has a liquid inlet () above the packed section () and a gas inlet () below the packed section (),'}{'b': 7', '1', '4, 'sub': u', 'p, 'wherein an upper portion () of the column () has a larger diameter (d) compared to a diameter (d) of the packed section ().'}21714. Vertical column apparatus () according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter (d) of the upper portion () of the column () is increased by at least 0.1 m claim 1 , compared to the diameter (d) of the packed section ().314. Vertical column apparatus () according to claim 1 , wherein the packed section () has a diameter (d) of 2-4 m.414. Vertical column apparatus () according to claims 1 , wherein the packed section () is filled with a layer of packing material claims 1 , wherein the height of the packing layer is less than 8 m.51848. Vertical column apparatus () according to claim 1 , wherein a lower portion () is arranged below the packed section () claim 1 , the lower portion () having a diameter of 2-5 m.6198484. Vertical column apparatus () according to claim 5 , wherein a tapered section () is arranged between the lower portion () and the packed section () claim 5 , tapering from the diameter of the lower portion () to the diameter of the packed section ().71104747. Vertical column apparatus () according to claim 1 , wherein a widening section () is arranged between the packed section () and the upper portion () claim 1 , widening from ...

Washing solution for the absorption of carbon dioxide with reduced formation of nitrosamines

A washing solution for the absorption of carbon dioxide is provided. A method for separating carbon dioxide out of a flue gas of an incineration plant is also provided, wherein at least one alkali metal oxide is added as an oxidation agent for nitrites to a washing solution having an amine-containing absorption agent, the flue gas is brought into contact with the washing solution prepared in this manner and the contained carbon dioxide is absorbed, and wherein the washing solution is then heat-treated and the carbon dioxide is desorbed. A corresponding washing solution having an amine-containing absorption agent and having at least one alkali metal oxide as an oxidation agent for nitrites is also provided.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DESULFURIZATION AND DENITRIFICATION OF ALUMINA CALCINATION FLUE GAS, AND USE

Disclosed are a system and a method for desulfurization and denitrification of an alumina calcination flue gas, and a use. The system comprises an ozone generator (), a red mud pre-impregnation slurry scrubbing tower (), and a red mud pre-impregnation tank () and a red mud pre-impregnation clear liquid scrubbing tower (). NOin a flue gas is oxidized into a high valence oxynitride by ozone, and with the red mud as an absorbent, the synergistic absorption of SOand NOin the flue gas is achieved, while the dealkalization of the red mud is achieved. By means of the synergistic catalytic oxidation of metal ions such as Fe in a red mud slurry and ozone, the synergistic absorption of sulfur and oxynitride is prompted and the material consumption of the subsequent desulfurization and denitrification is reduced; and the use of a structure of staged absorption in two towers overcomes the problem of the difficulty in absorbing NOwith a low O/NOmolar ratio by enhancing absorption with sodium alkali in a second stage tower, while decreasing the consumption of and risk of escape of the ozone, wherein same has the advantages of a high purification efficiency and a low operation cost, and has a stronger applicability to the alumina calcination flue gas. 1. A system for desulfurization and denitrification of alumina calcination flue gas , comprising: an ozone generator , a red mud pre-impregnation slurry scrubbing tower , a red mud pre-impregnation tank and a red mud pre-impregnation clear liquid scrubbing tower; wherein the red mud pre-impregnation slurry scrubbing tower is provided with a spray layer at a upper part , and a flue gas inlet disposed on a tower wall below the spray layer and connected to an alumina calcination flue gas pipeline; the red mud pre-impregnation clear liquid scrubbing tower is provided with a spray layer at a upper part , and a flue gas inlet disposed on a tower wall below the spray layer; a gas outlet at the top of the red mud pre-impregnation slurry ...

APPARATUS FOR EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF AIR POLLUTANTS

An apparatus for removing air pollutants from the air is described. The apparatus contains a fan module and a chamber that can hold either activated carbon or a gel that reacts with air pollutants from air. 1. An apparatus for removing one or more air pollutants from air , comprising:at least one fan unit; anda chamber containing either activated carbon or a gel that removes one or more air pollutants.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the air pollutants comprise at least one volatile organic compound (VOC).3. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the VOC comprises formaldehyde claim 3 , benzene claim 3 , toluene claim 3 , xylene claim 3 , para-dichlorobenzene claim 3 , ethyl benzene claim 3 , styrene claim 3 , acetaldehyde claim 3 , cyclohexanone claim 3 , isophorone claim 3 , methanol ethanol claim 3 , phenol claim 3 , acetone claim 3 , ethyl acetate claim 3 , n-butanol claim 3 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 3 , n-butyl acetate claim 3 , acetophenone claim 3 , methyl ethyl ketone claim 3 , isopropyl alcohol claim 3 , dichloromethane claim 3 , trichloroethylene claim 3 , n-hexane claim 3 , 2-methoxylethyl acetate claim 3 , nitrobenzene claim 3 , bis-(2-methyoxyethyl)ether claim 3 , 1 claim 3 ,3 claim 3 ,5-trimethylbenzene claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the VOC is formaldehyde.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fan unit comprises a battery.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fan unit comprises an air inlet.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising an air outlet.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein air passes from the chamber into the air outlet and out into the surrounding air.9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the chamber comprises a removable cartridge comprising either the activated carbon or the gel for removing air pollutants.10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises:at least one polymer;at least one adsorbent;at least one chelating agent;at least one component reactive with at least ...

GELS FOR REMOVING AIR POLLUTANTS

Gels that can react with air pollutants in air and methods for making said gels, are provided. The gels are useful for removing air borne pollutants from indoor environments. 1. A gel for removing one or more air pollutants from air , comprising:at least one polymer;at least one adsorbent;at least one chelating agent:at least one component that reacts with at least one air pollutant; andwater.2. The gel of claim 1 , wherein the gel is a hydrogel.3. The gel of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is chosen from acacia claim 1 , gelatin claim 1 , carrageenan claim 1 , locust bean gum claim 1 , konjac gum claim 1 , xanthan gum claim 1 , starch claim 1 , cyclodextrin claim 1 , sodium alginate claim 1 , chitosan claim 1 , carboxymethyl chitosan claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polyurea claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The gel of claim 3 , wherein the at least one polymer is about 1 to about 30 wt % of the gel.5. The gel of claim 1 , wherein the at least one adsorbent is chosen from porous silica claim 1 , zinc ricinoleate claim 1 , polyacrylamide claim 1 , activated carbon claim 1 , a molecular sieve claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.6. The gel of claim 5 , wherein the at least one adsorbent is about 1 to about 30 wt % of the gel.7. The gel of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chelating agent is chosen from sodium tripolyphosphate claim 1 , sodium polyphosphate claim 1 , sodium hexametaphosphate claim 1 , sodium pyrophosphate claim 1 , nitrilotriacetic acid claim 1 , diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid claim 1 , ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N claim 1 , N-tetraacetic acid claim 1 , tetrasodium vinoxy diphosphate claim 1 , aminotrimethylene phosphonate claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. The gel of claim 7 , wherein the at least chelating agent is about 0.01 to about 20 wt % of the gel.9. The gel of claim 1 , wherein the air pollutant comprises at least one volatile organic compound (VOC).10. The gel of claim 9 , wherein the VOC is formaldehyde claim 9 , benzene ...

Electrochemical Production of Metal Hydroxide Using Metal Silicates

Systems are described for dissolving metal silicates to: produce metal hydroxide; remove carbon dioxide or other acid gases from the atmosphere or other gas mixture by reacting such gases with the metal hydroxide; penetrate or excavate metal silicates; extract metals or silicon-containing compounds from metal silicates; and produce hydrogen and oxygen or other gases.

Materials and methods for mitigating halide species in process streams

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.