СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСЛЕННЫХ ЛИГНИНОВ

Изобретение относится к применению окисленных лигнинов в качестве компонента в композиции связующего, такой как водная композиция связующего для минеральных волокон. Применение окисленного лигнина, полученного способом получения окисленных лигнинов, включает приведение в контакт компонента (i), включающего один или несколько лигнинов, компонента (ii), включающего аммиак и/или его соль, компонента (iii), включающего один или несколько окислителей в форме пероксида водорода, органических или неорганических пероксидов, молекулярного кислорода, озона, галогенсодержащих окислителей или их любой смеси, в качестве компонента в водной композиции связующего для минеральных волокон. Технический результат изобретения заключается в получении дериватизированных лигнинов заявленным способом, которые имеют желательную реактивность и в то же время являются более огнестойкими при использовании в продуктах, в которые они входят в композиции связующего по сравнению с недериватизированными лигнинами, а также ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ ЛИГНИН

Изобретение относится к композиции лигнина, которая может применяться при получении фенольных смол, фенолформальдегидных смол, древесностружечных плит или фанер. Композиция включает лигнин и по меньшей мере одно из меньше чем приблизительно 150 мг серы на кг указанного лигнина; или меньше чем приблизительно 525 мг железа на кг указанного лигнина; суммарно меньше чем приблизительно 2000 мг элементов на кг указанного лигнина. Указанные элементы представляют собой Al, As, В, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V и Zn. Изобретение позволяет получать композицию лигнина, имеющую низкие содержания примесей. 4 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУХОГО ГИДРОЛИЗНОГО ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение относится к способу подачи гидролизного лигнина на сушку, включающему в себя следующие стадии: укладку гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги в пределах 0-45% на рабочую поверхность механизма подачи; укладку гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги в пределах 55-80% поверх гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги, избегая соприкосновения гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги с рабочей поверхностью механизма; при этом отношение гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги к гидролизному лигнину с низким содержанием влаги составляет 1:6-10:1; и подачу гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги и гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги в сушильное устройство. Изобретение также относится к взрыво- и пожаробезопасному способу сушки гидролизного лигнина с использованием газовоздушного теплообменника, включающему в себя следующие стадии: смешивание гидролизного лигнина с относительно высоким содержанием влаги в пределах 55-80% с гидролизным ...

Композиции материалов биомассы для переработки

Изобретение относится к композиции, содержащей лигнин. Композиция, содержащая лигнин для получения топлива или добавок для топлива, содержит лигнин, растворитель и жидкость-носитель, где лигнин составляет по меньшей мере 4 вес.% композиции, и где лигнин характеризуется средневесовым молекулярным весом не более 5000 г/моль, и где растворитель представляет собой спирт, простой эфир или органический сложный эфир, сульфоксид, кетон, альдегид или их комбинацию, или растворитель содержит диметилсульфоксид, пиридин, THF, 1,4-диоксан, фурфурол, дипропиленгликоль, полиэтиленгликоль или 1,3-пропандиол или их комбинацию; и где жидкость-носитель представляет собой смесь углеводородного масла и жирной кислоты, где углеводородное масло представляет собой газойль. Заявлены также способ получения композиции и ее применение. Технический результат – получение композиции для получения топлива или добавок в топливо менее сложным способом. 3 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 250 пр.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДРЕВЕСНОСТРУЖЕЧНЫХ ПЛИТ

Изобретение относится к деревообрабатывающей промышленности и может быть использовано при производстве древесностружечных плит. В составе композиции для внутреннего слоя используется 10-40% стружки из отходов гниющих заготовок и 20% стружки из отходов оцилиндровки круглых лесоматериалов, а также 40-70 мас.% стружки, полученной из технологической щепы марки ПС, с применением связующего на основе низкомольной карбамидоформальдегидной смолы и эмульсии. При этом связующее состоит из низкомольной карбамидоформальдегидной смолы 60-62%-ной концентрации и водного раствора хлористого аммония 20%-ной концентрации. Эмульсия состоит из следующих компонентов, мас.%: парафин - 21, буроугольный воск - 14, эмульгатор - 1, вода - 64. Результатом является снижение материалоемкости производства древесностружечных плит, энергоемкости процесса прессования, повышение производительности прессового оборудования и снижение токсичности, а также получение плит, соответствующих требованиям ГОСТ 10632-2007 для марки ...

СОСТАВ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОИЗОЛЯЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Описывается состав для изготовления теплоизоляционного материала, включающий мочевиноформальдегидную смолу, кислотный отвердитель, поверхностно-активное вещество, химический детоксикант и воду, отличающийся тем, что он дополнительно содержит наполнитель, а в качестве химического детоксиканта содержит соединения, выбранные из группы, включающей лигносульфонаты технические, смесь поливинилового спирта и солянокислого триэтаноламина при их массовом соотношении 1:(0,1-0,33), сульфитно-дрожжевую бражку при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: мочевиноформальдегидная смола-45-75; кислотный отвердитель-1,0-2,5; наполнитель-0,2-10,0; поверхностно-активное вещество-1,2-2,7; химический детоксикант-3,3-5,8; вода - остальное. Способ позволяет получать экологически безопасный теплоизоляционный материал, сохраняющий прочностные и теплозащитные свойства при меньшей объемной массе готовых изделий. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

Полимерная композиция для изготовления биодеградируемых изделий

Изобретение относится к получению полимерных композиций, содержащих полиэтилен и биоразлагаемый наполнитель, применяемых в производстве упаковочных термоформованных изделий и пленок, способных к биодеструкции под действием климатических факторов и микроорганизмов, с высокими эксплуатационными и технологическими характеристиками. Полимерная композиция для изготовления биодеградируемых изделий содержит биоразлагаемый наполнитель - свекловичный жом, технологическую добавку - полиэтиленгликоль, сополимер этилена и винилацетата, смесь полиэтиленов низкого и высокого давления в соотношении 1:1 при заданном соотношении компонентов. Изобретение позволяет при одинаковом (30%) содержании биоразлагаемого наполнителя, обеспечивающем высокую способность к биодеструкции, существенно улучшить эксплуатационные (прочность до 2 раз) и технологические (вязкость до 9 раз при температуре экструзионнной переработки 150°С, скорости сдвига 1000 с) характеристики. 1 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ РЕЗИНОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ

Использование: утилизация отходов при производстве резины, промышленность резинотехнических изделий, в строительстве для звукоизоляционных материалов. Сущность изобретения: готовят композицию на основе вулканизированных отходов резины. На вальцы 1500 600/600 с фракцией 1:1,14 загружают неизмельченные выпрессовки производства резинотехнических изделий. Пропускают их через минимальный зазор в течение 1-3 циклов. Вальцуют резину до достижения степени девулканизации 4-7 усл. ед. по кольцевому модулю. Затем вводят водорастворимую олигомерную лигнинсодержащую добавку, вальцуют 10-20 мин. Вводят битум и серу. Композиция имеет состав, мас.ч.: отходы резины 100'; технические лигносульфонаты 0,9-2,5'; битум 2-4'; сера 1-3'. Характеристика готового регенерата: разрывная прочность 56,5-63,0 кгс/см2, относительное удлинение 80-112%, остаточная деформация 4,0-11,4, твердость по Шору 62-74 усл. ед., качество получаемого листа - плотный, ровный, гладкий. 2 табл.

ФОРМОВАННЫЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ СВЯЗУЮЩИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ НА ОСНОВЕ АЦЕТАТА ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ И АРМИРУЮЩИЕ ВОЛОКНА ПРИРОДНОЙ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ, СПОСОБ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Формованные изделия содержит связующий материал на основе ацетата целлюлозы и армирующие природные целлюлозные волокна или природные волокна, содержащие целлюлозу. Компоненты характеризуются тем, что ацетат целлюлозы имеет степень замещения приблизительно 1,2-2,7 и формованные изделия имеют теплостойкость по Вике по меньшей мере приблизительно 160oC. Массовое отношение ацетата целлюлозы к природным целлюлозным волокнам или природным волокнам, содержащим целлюлозу, составляет приблизительно 10:90 - 90:10. Формованные изделия изготавливают смешиванием ацетата целлюлозы с природными целлюлозными волокнами или природными волокнами, содержащими целлюлозу, в массовом соотношении приблизительно 90: 10 - 10:90, в частности 15:85 - 85:15, общее содержание влаги приводят по меньшей мере к приблизительно 3 мас.% в расчете на полное количество ацетата целлюлозы в смеси и эту смесь формуют при температуре приблизительно 220-280oC и давлении приблизительно 30-150 бар. Формованные изделия используют в ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

Использование: полимерные материалы, в частности лигносульфонаты. Лигносульфонатный состав отличается от известных малой токсичностью модификаторов, экологически не загрязняющих окружающую среду, и малым содержанием модификаторов (до 7-8%), что достигается за счет использования в составе гексаметилентетрамина и мочевины. Выбранные пределы по соотношению компонентов обеспечивают высокий уровень структурообразования состава, что улучшает его реологические и фильтрационные характеристики. В отличие от известных лигносульфонатных составов (КССБ, окзил и др.) заявляемый состав не содержит балластных веществ типа сернокислого натрия, которые ухудшают свойства композиций. Предлагаемый состав предназначен для применения в тех же областях, что и лигносульфонаты. 1 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДНОГО РАСТВОРА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА АНТИВИРУСНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

Использование: в медицине для восстановительной химиотерапии при инфекционных заболеваниях вирусного характера. Сущность изобретения: способ получения водного раствора антивирусного действия экстракцией лигноцеллюлозного сырья. Осуществляют водные экстракции сырья, обогащенного полисахаридами, при pH 4-14, и сырья, обедненного полисахаридами, при pH 8-14. Экстракты отделяют от твердых частиц, смешивают, доводят pH смеси до 8-14. Образующиеся в смеси продукты реакции разделяют по молекулярным массам при степени разделения 18-40 КД, а целевой раствор, содержащий низкомолекулярные фракции продуктов реакции, обрабатывают H+ катионообменником до установления стабильной величины pH в диапозоне 3-7, отделяют от твердых частиц и стерилизуют. 17 з.п. ф-лы, 7 табл., 9 ил.

Способ получения композиционного материала из коры березы

Изобретение относится к деревообрабатывающей промышленности, в частности к производству композиционных материалов из измельченного древесного сырья. Выполняют сушку и измельчение коры березы, отделение пробкового слоя от общей массы коры и его сушку, формирование смеси композита в виде ковра из бересты и связующего, горячее прессование. В качестве древесного наполнителя используют измельченную бересту в количестве от 70 до 89,99 мас.%, с содержанием влаги от 6 до 16 мас.%, и размерами частиц от 150 до 3000 мкм, в качестве связующего используют гидролизованный суберин в количестве от 5 до 30 мас.%. Горячее прессование сформированного ковра проводят при температуре 135-145°С и давлении от 10 до 15 МПа с последующим извлечением композиционного материала и выдержкой в течение 24 часов при температуре воздуха 20±3°С. Улучшаются тепло- и звукоизоляционные свойства полученного материала. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл.

Способ получения деметилированных лигносульфонатов

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения деметилированных лигносульфонатов путем проведения реакции деметилирования. Данный способ включает предварительную обработку водного раствора нейтрального лигносульфоната бромпроизводным HBr до рН 4-4,5 при перемешивании в течение 25-30 минут и подогреве до 30-40°С. Далее раствор фильтруют и к фильтрату добавляют сухой реактивный сульфит натрия Na2SO3до рН 6-6,5 при перемешивании и подогреве до 75-80°С в течение 1-1,5 часов. При этом на одну часть лигносульфоната берут 0,2-0,4 части HBr и 2,5-3,5 части Na2SO3, а степень деметилирования определяют по количественному образованию метанола. Технический результат - увеличение содержания ОН-фенольных групп в составе макромолекулы лигносульфоната за счет реакции деметилирования. 2 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БУРОВОГО РАСТВОРА

Способ получения бурового реагента, включающий обработку лигносульфоната серной кислотой и бихроматом щелочного металла до рН 1-1,5 с последующей частичной нейтрализацией гидроксидом натрия до рН 4-5, высушивание, отличающийся тем, что в реакционную зону вводится сера элементарная в количестве 0,8-1,2 мас.% от массы лигносульфоната.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЛИГНИН ПОЛИМЕРОВ, ЛИГНИН-СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ПОЛИМЕРЫ

Сущность изобретения: полимеры, которые содержат лигнин и органические соединения, получают тем, что лигнин полимеризуют с органическими соединениями, которые содержат по меньшей мере 3 атома углерода, а также кислород-, азотсодержащую функцию и/или связи, отличные от простой в присутствии радикально оксиляющих ферментов и окислителей, которые образуют их субстраты.

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, КОТОРЫЕ ВКЛЮЧАЮТ ГИДРОФОБИЗИРУЮЩИЕ АГЕНТЫ И СТАБИЛИЗАТОРЫ, И СПОСОБЫ ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАКОВЫХ

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ДРЕВЕСНОСТРУЖЕЧНЫХ ПЛИТ

Композиция для производства древесностружечных плит, в составе которой для внутреннего слоя используется до 40% стружки из отходов гниющих заготовок и до 20% стружки из отходов оцилиндровки круглых лесоматериалов при соотношении, мас.%:с применением связующего на основе низкомольной карбамидоформальдегидной смолы при соотношении, мас.%:и эмульсии, отличающаяся тем, что используется эмульсия, состоящая из следующих компонентов при соотношении, мас.%:в количестве 5-7 мас.% на 100 мас.%.

Конструкционный материал

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСЛЕННЫХ ЛИГНИНОВ

Способ устройства дорожного покрытия

Способ изготовления тормозных колодок с применением лигниносодержащих продуктов

Способ получения активного лигнина

СПОСОБ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПЛАСТИЧЕСКИХ МАСС ИЗ ЛИГНИНА

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ПОДУШЕК (ПЛИТ) ДЛЯ ШТАМПОВОЧНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ В ОБУВНОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

Битумно-латексная эмульсионная композиция

Изобретение относится к битумно-пол- имерным композициям, используемым для устройства безрулонных кровель для гидроизоляционной защиты или в качестве битум- но-полимерной мастики. Повышение адгезии к бетону, улучшение водостойкости, увеличение атмосферостойкости и расширение температурного интервала работоспособности достигается следующим составом композиции, мас.ч.: битум 100. кубовый остаток синтетических жирных кислот 1-2. эмульгатор 2,8-5.1. синтетический латекс 65-70, раствор лигносульфонатов с содержанием сухого вещества 45-48% 2-4, гексаметилдисилозан 2-4. вода 55-65. В составе композиции используют эмульгатор на основе сульфанола, едкого натра и жидкого стекла. 2 табл..

Резиновая смесь

Способ получения смолообразных продуктов из сульфитных щелоков

Zusatzstoff für Verbundwerkstoffe mit biozider Wirkung

KLEBSTOFFMASSE, DRUCKFORMBARE LIGNOCELLULOSISCHE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG, VERBUNDPLATTE AUF DEREN BASIS UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG LIGNOCELLULOSISCHER VERBUNDGEGENSTAENDE

FORMKÖRPER AUS VERBUNDMATERIAL AUF DER BASIS VON CELLULOSEACETAT UND VERSTÄRKENDEN NATÜRLICHEN CELLULOSEFASERN, EIN VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN HERSTELLUNG UND DESSEN VERWENDUNG

Wasserhaltige Zellulosefasern enthaltendes Klebe- und Bindemittel auf der Basis von waessrigen Kunstharzdispersionen oder -loesungen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauelementen aus Rohtorf

Verfahren zur Herstellung von ligninhaltigen Polymeren

Abfederung fuer Kraftfahrzeuge

Process for the Manufacture of Homogeneous, Elastic and Light Objects resembling Cork.

... 5359. Raschig, F., and Suberit-Fabrik Ges. H. April 9. Fibrous plastic compositions.-In the process of making artificial cork objects from granulated cork mixed with a soluble binding-substance and heated under pressure in moulds, a vacuum is produced in the closed chamber containing the moulds during the heating. The heating, which may be effected by steam-pipes, is preferably gradual and rises in 5 or 6 days to a maximum of 70-80‹ C. A solution of casein may be used as the binder and formaldehyde for hardening the material when removed from the mould.

Improvements in plastic compositions

A composition for covering floors and other surfaces, for making upholstery, and having acoustic and thermal insulating properties, comprises an aqueous dispersion of natural or synthetic rubber, cement and cork. The cement may be aluminous, hydraulic, or Portland. Casein glue may be added as a stabilizer for the rubber dispersion and mica dust or asbestos as a filler. Upholstery may be made by whipping a mixture of latex, casein glue and cement, pouring it over a loose mass of cork wool, and allowing the mass to set to a spongy, flexible mass; crystals of copper sulphate or sugar may be added to the mix and washed out after setting. An insulating block can be made by lining a rectangular mould with granulated cork or cork wool, and finally applying a layer of the composition to the upper surface. Specification 414,814 is referred to.

Modified phenol-aldehyde resins and binder system

Improvements in or relating to a process for the production of fibre plates and formed bodies of lignocellulosic materials using the lignin of the lignocellulosic materials as a binding agent

Fibre-boards &c. are made from e.g. beechwood shavings, or pine wood chips which may have been boiled with water, e.g. for 10 minutes at 4 atmospheres pressure, until the pH value is 5 to 6, and washed, by softening the lignin in a two-stage process, the first stage being impregnation, preferably under vacuum, with dilute lye, e.g. a 3.5 per cent solution of caustic soda, so that 2 to 7 per cent of alkali is absorbed, and the second being heating by vapour or superheated steam so as to make the lignin easily fusible, but insoluble in water, the material being then disintegrated.

Improved manufacture of cork composition

A cork composition having substantially the unimpaired properties of cork itself comprises cork granules and a binder of bodied tung oil and glue, the quantity of binder being only that sufficient to cement the cork granules together. The term glue includes gelatine, albumen, and casein. The tung oil is bodied by being heated in an open kettle to 450-500 DEG F. for about an hour when the oil is in such a state that when a rod is dipped therein and raised a string is formed. The heated oil is mixed with a softening agent for cork such as glycerine, glue and a hardening agent, e.g. formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde or hexamethylenetetramine, is added and the cork granules are coated with this binder and moulded to shape. Suitable proportions are four pounds of glycerine, one pound of bodied tung oil and one pound of glue. Glycol or sulphonated castor oil may replace the glycerine when the cork composition is not to be used for beverages. Synthetic resins, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde ...

Organic polyisocyanate-cyclic alkylene carbonate adhesive binder compositions

An improved adhesive binder composition is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles such as flake or particleboard, made from moldable compositions which comprises an organic di- or polyisocyanate and a cyclic alkylene ester of carbonic acid and optionally lignin, for application to the lignocellulosic material prior to the molding process to form the composite product.

Process for obtaining vulcanised rubber goods and materials containing substances which are adversely affected by gertain vulcanising processes

... 160,499. Peachey, S. J., and Skipsey, A. Nov. 24, 1919. Plastic compositions containing india-rubber; vulcanizing by cold methods.-Mixtures of indiarubber with lake pigments or fillers, such as sawdust, leather waste, cork dust, wool waste, &c., which are injured by known vulcanization processes, are vulcanized in the cold by alternate treatment with sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, as described in Specification 129,826.

Composition for automatically repairing punctures in pneumatic tubes

... 225,386. Rowlandson, E. S. Dec. 5, 1923. Air tubes and chambers. - A composition for automatically repairing punctures in pneumatic tyres consists of 25 parts of rubber, 10 parts of cork, 5 parts of sawdust, 60 parts of frosting glass or mica and distilled water in bulk equal to the solids. The water may be thickened with starchy material or may have added to it a small quantity of tragacanth, spirit, formalin or glycerine.

SUBSTITUTE FOR AMINO & PHENOLIC RESINS

Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of a cork composition

The process of the parent Specification in which moulded cork compositions are formed by mixing a synthetic rubber latex, e.g. of polymers of butadiene or chloroprene, or copolymers of butadiene with styrene or acrylonitrile, with cork particles of 5-50 mesh, coagulating the resultant mixture and subsequently moulding, is modified by effecting the coagulation of the latex without removal of water from the mixture. Coagulation is preferably effected by agitation for 2-10 minutes, and a part of the water may be removed after coagulation and before moulding. In examples, ground cork or reground composition cork of 10-30 mesh was added in a mixer to a composition containing latex, sulphur, zinc oxide, tetramethyl thiuram disulphide, methyl zimate, polymerized organic salts of alkyl aryl sulphonic acids, casein, ground bentonite, and ammonium hydroxide, and substances chosen from the sodium salt of the sulphate mono-esters of a mixture of higher fatty alcohols, di-alkyl esters of sodium sulpho-succinic ...

Improved cork compositions

... 557,230. Cork compositions. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., E. I. Sept. 9, 1941; No. 11526. Convention date, Sept. 9, 1940. [Class 2 (iii)] A cork composition suitable for use as a floor covering and for gaskets, closures, shoe insoles, counters, spinning cots, heat insulating and acoustic tiles, polishing wheels, printers blankets, vibration dampers, knife handles and fishing rod handles comprises finely divided cork combined or mixed with a high molecular weight synthetic polyamide, an interpolyamide or a polyester-amide. Polyester-amides are obtained from diamines, dibasic acids and glycols, from dibasic acids, glycols and aminoalcohols, and from aminoacids, dibasic acids and glycols, the low molecular weight polyesteramide produced being converted by a diisocyanate or diisothiocyanate into a high molecular weight product. The composition may be modified by the addition of plasticizers, softening agents, other resins, pigments, antioxidants, fillers, extenders, anti-tack agents and fungicides ...

Improvements in or relating to the production of mouldable articles from lignin derivative material and fibrous filler

... 482,894. Fibrous boards &c. MEAD CORPORATION. Oct. 6, 1936, No. 27139. Convention date, Oct. 25, 1935. [Class 96] Mouldable articles are produced by mixing intimately with agitation, fibrous material in water with finely divided lignin derivative material obtained from digestion liquor used in the preparation of paper pulp, flowing the mixture containing, e.g. 97 per cent of water on to a former and withdrawing water, e.g. by suction to form a sheet or other article which is pressed to desired form and thickness and dried at a temperature below the fixing temperature of the lignin derivative material. Finely-divided, substantially-pure, ash-free, lignin residues are obtained from sulphite, sulphate, soda &c. digestion of woody materials, as by precipitation by an acid such as carbon dioxide in the case of a black liquor from a soda cask. The fibrous material may be cotton linters, alpha-cellulose, ground wood, asbestos or pyrophillite. The lignin residues are precipitated at pH=7À8 to 9 ...

Improvements in or relating to the production of lignin

... 528,921. Glucose &c. NORTHWOOD CHEMICAL CO. May 16, 1939, No. 14594. Convention date, May 17, 1938. [Class 127] [Also in Group IV] Hexoses, pentoses and wood sugars are separated from the aqueous liquors obtained when lignin is prepared from lignin-cellulose by treatment with sulphuric acid at temperatures from 165‹-280‹ C and under pressure from 90- 1,000 pounds per square inch for a period from 2-5 minutes. Parent materials specified include wood, corn stalks, straw, and bagasse. The sulphuric acid is preferably of a concentration between 0.4-5 per cent, and the amount used is from 7-10 parts of dilute acid to one part of raw material. The raw material is preferably reduced to particles which will pass a 5 mesh, or finer, screen.

Compositions based on lignin derivatives

Composition based on liqnin derivatives.

A composition that includes the reaction product of a lignin derivative and a reactant selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, acylating agents, and combinations thereof, where the reaction product has a measurable cohesive strength, and a plasticizer in an amount sufficient to cause the composition to exhibit plastic deformation in response to an applied tensile stress.

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

Compositions based on lignin derivatives

Hardwood lignosulfonates for seperating gangue materials from metallic sulphide ores

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MODIFIED PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN IN PARTICLE FORM

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES MODIFIZIERTEN PHENOL-FORMALDEHYD-HARZES IN TEILCHENFORM

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KLEBEMITTELN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LIGHT FLEXIBLE MOLDED ARTICLE ON THE BASIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSEHALTIGEN FIBERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SHAPED PARTS FROM CORK PARTICLES

KLEBSTOFFMASSE, DRUCKFORMBARE LIGNOCELLULOSISCHE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG, VERBUNDPLATTE AUF DEREN BASIS UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG LIGNOCELLULOSISCHER VERBUNDGEGENSTAENDE

MANUFACTURING METHOD

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ligninpartikel umfassend die Schritte a) Extraktion von Lignin aus einem ligninhaltigen Ausgangsmaterial mittels eines Gemisches umfassend mindestens ein organisches Lösungsmittel und Wasser und b) Fällung des in Lösung befindlichen Lignins aus Schritt a).

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPLINTER OR FIBER BOARDS AND USE OF A LIQUID CONCENTRATE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOLDED ARTICLES FROM THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLATTENFORMIGEN PRODUCTS, FOR EXAMPLE PLATES FROM FIBERS OR CUTTING

BONDING AGENT ON THE BASIS OF LIGNIN AND SYNTHETIC RESINS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MULTILEVEL CHIP BOARDS.

PRODUCTION OF CHIP BOARDS AND A BONDING AGENT FOR IT.

PRODUCTION OF ASSEMBLY FIXTURES USING ISOCYANATE/CALDEHYDE BONDING AGENTS.

CORK INSULATING MATERIAL

MOLECULE COMPOUND SYSTEM TO RETORT ESKALATIVEN THE THERAPY VIRALER INFECTIONS.

BIO COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLLUTION FREE ONE, BIOLOGICAL DEGRADABLE MOLDING MATERIALS.

PLATES OR MOLDED ARTICLE, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND WHEN YOUR PRODUCTION USED AQUEOUS EMULSIONS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE FORMALDHYDE DISCHARGE FROM CHIP BOARDS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THREE AND MULTILEVEL CHIP BOARDS.

CONNECT FROM WOOD FIBER SOLIDS BY WATER VAPOUR.

GENERAL-PURPOSE PRODUCT TO ISOLATING, OSCILLATION STEAMS, STICKING AND FIRE PROTECTION IN DIFFERENT TECHNICAL AREAS, IN PARTICULAR IN THE BUILDING INDUSTRY

Procedure for the production warm and sound-absorbing surface

Procedure for the production of Preßerzeugnissen from ligninhaltigen finely divided materials

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION POLYMERS ON THE BASIS OF LIGNIN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYMER POWDER

COMPOSITIONS ON THE BASIS OF LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

PLASTIC MATERIAL FROM ONE POLYMER-DAZZLE

QXIDATIVBLEICHEN FROM CELLULOSE WITH VANADIUM SUBSTITUTING POLYOXOMETALLEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKPIECES AND SHAPED PARTS FROM CELLULOSE AND/OR ZELLULOSEHÄLTIGEM SYNTHETIC MATERIAL

BIFUNCTIONAL POLYMERS

BINDING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

Polycarbonate-polyester compositions with enhanced flow

Hardwood lignosulfonates for separating gangue materials from metallic sulfide ores

Biodegradable foam for sheet, process for producing the same, biodegradable molding from the foam and process for producing the same

Production of perlite and fiber based composite panel board

A lignin based modifier is described that may be added to formaldehyde based binder systems such as phenol formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF), resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) and/or tannin formaldehyde resins. The lignin based modifier may be included in such binder systems used in the manufacture of composite panel boards such as plywood, hard board, medium density fibreboard (MDF) or particle boards in general. The lignin based modifier may used to improve the performance of the binder system, the performance of the resultant composite panel board and reduce the formaldehyde emissions of the board. The lignin modifier may contain: an acid, a gum rosin, a lignin and either a phenol or a polyethylene glycol. The lignin may be derived from lignocellulose powder.

Dimensionally stable packages

COMPOSITIONS AND COMPOSITES OF CELLULOSIC AND LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND RESINS, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

Thermoplastic Starch Composition Derives From Agricultural Waste

A thermoplastic starch composition acquired from compounding a mixture comprises starch containing agricultural waste in 45 to 70% by weight of total composition that the agricultural waste contains starch content less than 50% in dry weight; thermoplastic synthetic polymer in 5 25 to 50% by weight of total composition; plasticizer in 1 to 10% by weight of total composition; and coupling agent in 1 to 5% by weight of total composition; wherein the compounding is performed at a first temperature which is higher than room temperature.

GASKETING MATERIAL

Method of increasing lignin solubility

COMPOSITION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SHAPED BODIES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SHAPED BODIES MADE OF SAID COMPOSITION

The invention relates to a composition for the production of shaped bodies, comprising polymeric lignin, shelllack varnish and natural fibers. The invention also relates to a method for the production of shaped bodies made of said composition, whereby the shaped bodies are produced by extrusion.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF ADHESIVE PRODUCTS

BIO-BASED BINDER SYSTEM

A bio-based binder system for use in preparing foundry molds. In a preferred embodiment, the system includes the use of a) a polyermizable hydroxyl -containing component comprising a saccharide, b) an isocyanate component, and c) a catalyst, and preferably amine catalyst, component adapted to catalyze the polymerization of a) and b), in the presence of a foundry aggregate such as sand. The system can be used in any suitable manner, including in either a cold box process or no bake process as described herein.

HARDWOOD LIGNOSULFONATES FOR SEPARATING GANGUE MATERIALS FROM METALLIC SULFIDE ORES

Disclosed are compositions and methods for separating gangue material from metallic sulfide ores. The compositions typically include a lignosulfonate and do not include a cyanide salt. Suitable lignosulfonates may include lignosulfonates, for example hardwood lignosulfonate having a weight average molecular weight of about 3 kDa to about 12 kDa and having a relatively low sulfur content and a relatively low sulfonate content.

Валковый измельчитель

Валковый измельчитель для переработки изношенных покрышек в резиновую крошку, включающий станину с отдельными приводами на каждый валок, устройство для изменения зазора между валками, валки, один из которых быстроходный, установленные с возможностью вращения с разными скоростями, а на поверхности быстроходного валка выполнены рифы для улучшения захвата полосового материала, отличающийся тем, что над быстроходным валком установлены дисковые ножи, закрепленные на оси, снабженной прижимным устройством для вертикального перемещения оси, на быстроходном валке выполнены кольцевые канавки, дисковые ножи установлены над кольцевыми канавками с возможностью опускания в эти канавки для разрушения материала, армирующего перерабатываемую покрышку. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК B29B 17/00 (13) 166 453 U1 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016126301/05, 29.06.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 29.06.2016 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПО ВТОРМ" (RU), Андропов Владимир Алексеевич (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 27.11.2016 Бюл. № 33 1 6 6 4 5 3 R U (57) Формула полезной модели Валковый измельчитель для переработки изношенных покрышек в резиновую крошку, включающий станину с отдельными приводами на каждый валок, устройство для изменения зазора между валками, валки, один из которых быстроходный, установленные с возможностью вращения с разными скоростями, а на поверхности быстроходного валка выполнены рифы для улучшения захвата полосового материала, отличающийся тем, что над быстроходным валком установлены дисковые ножи, закрепленные на оси, снабженной прижимным устройством для вертикального перемещения оси, на быстроходном валке выполнены кольцевые канавки, дисковые ножи установлены над кольцевыми канавками с возможностью опускания в эти канавки для разрушения материала, армирующего перерабатываемую покрышку. Стр.: 1 U 1 U ...

Устройство выгрузки сухих продуктов пиролиза

Полезная модель относится к области переработки углеродсодержащих продуктов, отходов и сырья, твердых бытовых отходов, включая автошины, а именно к устройствам термического пиролиза автомобильных покрышек и резинотехнический изделий (РТИ).Сущность полезной модели заключается в том, что в отличие от прототипа корпус устройства выгрузки сухих продуктов пиролиза открыт с торцевой стороны, внутри корпуса расположено устройство захвата сухих продуктов пиролиза, установленное с возможностью возвратно-поступательного движения вдоль корпуса и выхода за границы корпуса с открытой торцевой стороны.Техническим результатом, на достижение которого направлена полезная модель, является сохранение непрерывности процесса переработки углеродсодержащих продуктов без предварительного их измельчения с одновременным повышением надежности и обеспечением универсальности установки пиролиза углеродсодержащих продуктов.10 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил. Ц 1 172538 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) (11) зе ваза 5 (13) (51) МПК В29В 17/00 (2006.01) СЛОВ 33/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2016134157, 19.08.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 19.08.2016 Дата регистрации: 11.07.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 19.08.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 11.07.2017 Бюл. № 20 Адрес для переписки: 620100, Свердловская обл., г. Екатеринбург, а/я 963, ООО "Царская привилегия", Левкину А.Ю. (72) Автор(ы): Филиппенков Вячеслав Анатольевич (КО) (73) Патентообладатель(и): Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Чистая энергия" (КП) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: КО 2399488 С2, 20.09.2010. 0$ 5167772 А1, 01.12.1992. ВО 9841 01, 16.05.1999. ОЕ 10348987 АТ, 25.05.2005. (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ВЫГРУЗКИ СУХИХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПИРОЛИЗА (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к области переработки углеродсодержащих продуктов, отходов и сырья, твердых бытовых отходов, включая автошины, а именно к устройствам ...

Экструдер для переработки строительных и полимерных материалов

Полезная модель относится к области обработки строительных и полимерных материалов давлением и может быть использована при переработке строительных и полимерных отходов с получением качественных изделий. Устройство содержит корпус, состоящий из зоны питания, зоны сжатия, зоны дозирования, захватное устройство, шнек, выполненный сборным, в зоне питания шнек выполнен в виде конической секции, в зоне дозирования, шнек выполнен из двух последовательно расположенных конической и цилиндрической секций, шнек в зоне сжатия выполнен в виде четырех непрерывных волнообразных полукольцевых лопастей смешивания, размещенные вдоль винта, причем подошва волны лопасти равна 0,02D, а наружный гребень волны полукольца лопасти 0,2D, внутренний гребень волны полукольца лопасти 0,1D при длине волны лопасти, равной 2D, и образующие входной канал с низкими сдвиговыми деформациями, выходной канал с высокими сдвиговыми деформациями и зазор и внутреннюю поверхность полукольцевой лопасти. Технический результат заключается в получении новых качественных изделий методом экструзии. 2 ил. Ц 1 173206 ко РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) (11) Ззез га (13) (51) МПК В29С 47/38 (2006.01) В29В 7/42 (2006.01) В29В 11/06 (2006.0Т) В29В 17/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2017113448, 18.04.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 18.04.2017 Дата регистрации: 16.08.2017 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 18.04.2017 (45) Опубликовано: 16.08.2017 Бюл. № 23 Адрес для переписки: 295007, Респ. Крым, г. Симферополь, пр-кт Академика Вернадского, 4, Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского", отдел интеллектуальной собственности Департамента научно- исследовательской деятельности (72) Автор(ы): Дядичев Валерий Владиславович (КО), Колесников Андрей Валерьевич (КО), Дядичев Александр Валерьевич (КО), Менюк Сергей ...

Экструдер для переработки разнородных вторичных полимерных и строительных материалов

Полезная модель относится к области обработки материалов давлением и может быть использовано при переработке полимерных и строительных отходов с получением качественных изделий. Устройство содержит корпус, состоящий из зоны питания, зоны сжатия, зоны дозирования, захватное устройство, шнек, выполненный сборным, в зоне питания шнек выполнен в виде конической секции, в зоне дозирования в виде последовательно расположенных конической секции и цилиндрической секции, причем в зоне сжатия шнек выполнен в виде последовательно расположенных барьерной секции и смешивающей секции с кулачковыми шайбами, расположенными на оси шнека, повернутыми на 90 градусов друг относительно друга, шайбы имеют толщину, равную 2 ширины витка, минимальный зазор между кулачковыми шайбами и корпусом равен зазору между корпусом и гребнем витка, а максимальный - глубине канала витка на выходе барьерной секции. Технический результат заключается в получении новых качественных изделий методом экструзии при переработке разнородных вторичных полимерных и строительных смесей, позволяет сочетать подготовительные операции (наполнение, смешивание, гранулирование, прессование) и операцию. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 185 855 U1 (51) МПК B29C 47/38 (2006.01) B29B 7/42 (2006.01) B29B 11/06 (2006.01) B29B 17/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B29C 47/38 (2018.05); B29B 7/42 (2018.05); B29B 11/06 (2018.05); B29B 17/00 (2018.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018125104, 09.07.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 19.12.2018 (45) Опубликовано: 19.12.2018 Бюл. № 35 U 1 1 8 5 8 5 5 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: UA 5779 U, 15.03.2005. ШВАРЦ О. и др. Переработка пластмасс, СанктПетербург, Профессия, 2005, с. 52-53. US 20040257904 A1, 23.12.2004. US 5033860 A, 23.07.1991. (54) Экструдер для переработки разнородных вторичных полимерных и строительных материалов (57) Реферат: ...

Method of making structural members using waste and recycled plastics

A composite formulation consisting of agglomerated industrial/residential sewer sludge and recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and/or polypropylene (PP) materials. The recycled plastic materials act as a binder for the pozzolan industrial/residential sewer sludge. The composite formulation can be produced in a batching process wherein the sieved dried sewer sludge and the recycled plastic in appropriate small cut pieces is fed into a large plastic extruder, heated and extruded into specific structures. The formulation can also be compounded using a compression mold wherein sieved dry sewer sludge are added to heated chopped recycled plastics and heat mixed to produce pellets or directed into a compression mold to create a structural member of predetermined shape.

Method and apparatus to condition polymers utilizing multiple processing systems

A continuous process wherein polymers or polymeric materials can be subjected to multiple sequential processing systems of differing temperatures and process conditions to synergistically enhance the pelletization and conditioning of those polymers and polymeric formulations, dispersions, and solutions. The multiple sequential processing systems include the processes and equipment for mixing/extrusion, pelletization, multiple transportation processes, conditioning, multiple defluidizing processes, and optional post-processing manipulations of pellets formed. Multiple serial and/or parallel conditioning processing systems are disclosed.

Apparatus and method for the production o fplastic granulate

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing plastic granulate, having a granulator which breaks up essentially continuously conveyed plastic mass flow into granulate particles, the granulator ( 17, 40 ) comprising a cutting unit ( 21, 22; 32, 33, 34 ), whose cutting elements engage on the plastic mass flow when breaking up the plastic, and the device ( 1, 31 ) comprising at least one oscillation sensor ( 24, 25; 60, 61 ), using which oscillations occurring on the device ( 1, 31 ), in particular on the granulator ( 17, 40 ), may be detected.

Apparatus for producing thermoplastic resin pellets

The present invention provides an apparatus for producing thermoplastic resin pellets of uniform shape. The apparatus includes a batch-type polymerization vessel whose inner pressure can be controlled; a pelletizer for cutting a strand-form thermoplastic resin discharged from the polymerization vessel, thereby forming pellets; a pipe for transferring the pellets to a storage container by pneumatic transportation or suction transportation; a pressure differential measuring unit for determining variation in a pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the transfer pipe; and a pressure controlling unit for controlling the inner pressure of the batch-type polymerization vessel on the basis of the variation in the measured pressure difference; wherein the inner pressure of the batch-type polymerization vessel is controlled in relation to a pressure loss in the transfer pipe.

Method and device for providing a raw material for the production of pet containers

A method and a device for providing a raw material for the production of PET containers, the raw material being mixed from recycled PET (r-PET) and virgin PET (v-PET), where in order to optimize both the plant and the method, v-PET is added in a quantitatively controlled manner to the r-PET prior to the last heating of the r-PET or to the heated r-PET.

Forming Portion Of An Article From Fabrication Scrap, And Products Thereof

Material scraps can be collected and resized. The resized scrap can be distributed to create a recovered material layer, which layer (with or without one or more carrier layers and/or additional elements) can then be subjected to heat and/or pressure so as to create a pliable composite panel. That pliable composite panel, or a portion thereof, may then be used to create an upper shell or another article.

Structural profile members for producing household utensils, and method for producing said profile members

The invention relates to profile members made from recycled plastic material, such as handles, stands, frames and legs of ironing boards, indoor and outdoor clotheshorses, etc. The main component of the plastic profile members is a polymer having a high modulus of elasticity, such as PET, polyamide, ABS, etc., as well as traces of materials that contain fibreglass. The structural profile members are produced by mixing and subsequent extrusion.

Method for upgrade-processing carbon black produced by performing a pyrolysis process on waste tires

Disclosed is a method for upgrade-processing carbon black produced by performing a pyrolysis on waste tires and, more particularly to, a method of upgrading carbon black which includes removing iron wires and fibers from carbon black produced by performing a pyrolysis on waste tires with a magnetic separator and a gravity separator and then subjecting the carbon black to micronization, heating, and acid treatment to upgrade the carbon black. The method for upgrade-processing carbon black produced by performing a pyrolysis on waste tires includes producing an inorganic salt by treating carbon black produced by performing a pyrolysis on waste tires with an acid solution to produce an inorganic salt from an inorganic substance contained in the carbon black.

Inserted metal removal system using high frequency wave

Provided is an inserted metal removal system using a high frequency wave, in particular, a system for removing metal, inserted into a plastic part, using high frequency waves, thus improving the recyclability of the plastic part. For this purpose, the present invention provides an inserted metal removal system using a high frequency wave, the system including: a rotating table on which a plastic part with an inserted metal therein is placed and fixed and a matching box being moved up and down on the metal inserted into the plastic part by a balancer provided above the rotating table. The matching box generates and transmits high frequency waves to the metal part to melt the plastic surrounding the periphery thereof. A coil box including a heating coil mounted therein, inductively heats a heating unit provided at an end of the coil box by the high frequency waves transmitted from the matching box, and a cooler prevents the heating coil from overheating.

Methods of recycling synthetic turf, methods of using reclaimed synthetic turf, and products comprising same

Disclosed are methods for utilizing reclaimed synthetic turf materials in the manufacture of various second generation floor coverings and floor covering components. Also disclosed are products manufactured by the methods.

Systems and Methods for Monetizing Recyclable Plastics

The present invention relates to systems and method for monetization of recyclable plastics. Such systems includes a receptacle for receiving fungitized plastics, such as plastic ingots. The fungitized plastic can have a standardized form with a known value that is readily exchangeable for credit, discounts, or currency. Sensors are capable of identifying the fungitized plastic as substantially comporting to the standardized form, thereby confirming the plastic's composition, and weight/size in order to facilitate sorting and proper crediting for its value. The sensors can also identify fungitized plastics that do not match these standards, which are considered counterfeits and are returned to the user. A sorter collects all the identified fungitized plastic of a particular composition together with other plastic of similar composition. Similarly, a crediting system may reward the user for depositing the identified fungitized plastic. The reward may include printing out promotions or vouchers, credits applied to a debit or credit card via a magnetic card reader, applying credit via a mobile phone application, or an account linked to the user credited with currency or points.

BUMPER PAINT REMOVING APPARATUS

In order to be able to easily and sufficiently remove paint from the surface of a bumper, grooves or projections are provided on the surface of one roller, from among a pair of rollers on a roller apparatus (), that comes into contact with the surface of the paint, and the paint is divided by making cuts in the paint by means of the grooves, or the like. In addition, by making the rotation speed of one roller faster than the other roller, the abovementioned cuts are widened further and the paint is divided into a plurality of narrow, strip-shaped pieces. When a sandblasting apparatus () sandblasts towards the strips of paint, and the like, from a diagonal direction, the sandblast strikes not only the surface of the paint but the edges of the cuts as well, whereby the paint can be efficiently removed. 1. A device for removing paint from a bumper of a vehicle made of synthetic resin , the device for removing paint from a bumper of a vehicle comprising a pair of rollers for rolling the bumper , a cooling device for cooling the bumper prior to rolling the bumper by means of the pair of rollers , and a shot blast device for removing paint remaining on the surface of the bumper that is transferred out from the rollers ,wherein the pair of rollers rotate in mutually opposing directions and one roller has higher rotating speed that is faster than that of the other roller,wherein grooves or projections are provided on the surface of the one roller, andwherein the pair of rollers rolls the bumper while forming nicks in the paint through the grooves or projections provided on the surface of the one roller.2. The device for removing paint from a bumper of a vehicle as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a cutting device for forming a plurality of slits in a longitudinal direction of the bumper at both end portions of the bumper in the longitudinal direction prior to roiling of the bumper by means of the pair of rollers.3. The device for removing paint from a bumper of a vehicle as ...

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM ANNUAL FIBRE FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A thermoplastic composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.7. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.8. A polyolefin composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.9. A method of producing an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the pulp;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp from the lignin rich pulp; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin, wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 9 , dilute acid hydrolysis ...

AQUEOUS BINDER COMPOSITION

Aqueous binder composition for granular and/or fibrous substrates 1. An aqueous binder composition comprising as essential binder components ≧0.1 and ≦10 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one silicon-containing group, an epoxy, hydroxyalkyl, N-methylol or carbonyl group, and/or of at least one compound which has at least two nonconjugated ethylenically unsaturated groups (monomers A)', {'sub': 3', '6', '4', '6, '≧0 and <5 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated Cto Cmonocarboxylic and/or C-C-dicarboxylic acid and also the salts and anhydrides thereof (monomers B), and'}, '>85 and ≦99.9 wt % of further ethylenically unsaturated compounds, different from the monomers A and B, the nature and amount of these ethylenically unsaturated compounds being selected such that a polymer constructed solely from them in polymerized form would have a glass transition temperature in the range ≧10 and ≦50° C. (monomers C),', 'in polymerized form, wherein the amounts of monomers A to C sum to 100 wt %, and, 'a) at least one polymer P constructed from'}b) at least one lignin compound L, the amount of which is determined such that it is ≧10 and ≦60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer P.2. The aqueous binder composition according to wherein the at least one monomer A is selected from the group encompassing N-methylolacrylamide claim 1 , N-methylolmethacrylamide claim 1 , glycidyl acrylate claim 1 , glycidyl methacrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl methadrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-butylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , allyl methacrylate and/or divinylbenzene.3. The aqueous binder composition according to either one of or wherein the monomers C are selected from the group encompassing conjugated aliphatic Cto Cdienes claim 1 , esters of vinyl alcohol and a Cto Cmonocarboxylic acid claim 1 , Cto Calkyl acrylates claim 1 , Cto Calkyl methacrylates claim 1 , ethylenically unsaturated Cto ...

METHOD FOR RECYCLING SHEET MATERIAL COATED WITH A RELEASE AGENT AND USES OF THE THUS RECYCLED MATERIAL

The present invention concerns a method for treating waste material comprising: —Collecting release coated cellulose or polymeric sheets from producers and end-users thereof in the form of dense, bulky masses, such as rolls and stacks; —Pre-shredding the dense, bulky masses of release coated sheets into smaller, less dense masses in preparation to the following process steps; —Preparing the pre-shredded material by mixing, separating foreign bodies like metals, etc., and feeding it to a primary grinding station (); —Grinding the materials into small pieces, of the desired size, preferably down to less than 1 mm; —Adding additives selected from flame retardant, hydrophobic material, pesticide and mixtures thereof and mixing them with the recycled material; —Optionally forming a batt or a sheet by a wet process and/or by adding a binder. 114-. (canceled)15. A method for treating waste material comprising the following steps:(a) Collecting release coated cellulose or polymeric sheet material from producers and end-users thereof,(b) Preparing the collected material by mixing, separating foreign bodies like metals, etc., and feeding it to a dry-grinding station,(c) In one or several dry-grinding stations, dry-shredding and dry-grinding the materials into small pieces, preferably into stripes of an average length comprised between 5 and 30 mm, more preferably, between 7 and 20 mm, most preferably between 10 and 15 mm and optionally comminuting the small pieces into smaller particles having an average size smaller than 4 mm, preferably smaller than 2 mm; more preferably smaller than 1 mm; and(d) Optionally adding additives selected from flame retardant, hydrophobic material, pesticide, colorants and mixtures thereof and mixing them with the recycled material;16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the release coated cellulose or polymeric sheet material is collected from producers and end-users thereof in the form of dense claim 15 , bulky masses claim 15 , such as ...

FRICTION MATERIAL

A resin composition for a friction material which is produced by a process including performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin; and a friction material including the resin composition. The resin composition for a friction material is useful as a binder in the friction material. 1. A resin composition for a friction material , which is obtained by a process comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.2. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.3. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 1 ,000 or less.4. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.5. A friction material claim 1 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material according to .6. A method for producing a resin composition for a friction material claim 1 , the method comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.7. The method according to claim 6 , comprising:purifying the lignin with at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran; andperforming polymer blending of the phenol resin and the lignin purified.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 6 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 6 ,000 or less.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.11. A friction material claim 6 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material obtained by the method according to . This ...

CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles. 1. A process for preparing a slurry comprised of lignin comprising the steps of:a. charging a composition comprised of lignin and at least one slurry liquid at 25° C. to a vessel capable of being subjected to vacuum,b. subjecting the vessel to vacuum for a time sufficient to disperse particles of the composition comprised of lignin to greater than 50% of the theoretical dispersion of the composition comprised of lignin.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the slurry liquid comprises water.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the slurry liquid comprises a hydrogen donor.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum is defined as a pressure less than atmospheric pressure.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the pressure less than atmospheric pressure is in the range of between 0.2 bar and 0.8 bar.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the time is sufficient to disperse the particles of lignin to greater than 75% of the theoretical dispersion.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the time is sufficient to disperse the particles of lignin to greater than 90% of the theoretical dispersion.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises the application of mechanical agitation in which the composition comprised of lignin is mechanically mixed with the slurry liquid.9. The process according to claim 8 , ...

RECYCLED PLASTIC COMPOSITE COMPOSITION

A composition for a recycled plastic composite composition, and a method of making the composite composition, is provided. The composite composition includes recycled EVA from 30% to 80% and a stone powder from 20% to 70%; percentages by weight 1. A recycled plastic composite composition , comprising:about 30% to 80% by weight based on total weight of the composition of a recycled plastic; andabout 20% to 70% by weight based on total weight of the composition of a calcium carbonate containing material.2. The composition of wherein:the recycled plastic is present in an amount greater than 70% and less than or equal to 80% by weight based on total weight of the composition; andthe calcium carbonate containing material is present in an amount greater than 20% and less than or equal to 30% by weight based on total weight of the composition.3. The composition of wherein:the recycled plastic is present in an amount greater than 60% and less than or equal to 70% by weight based on total weight of the composition; andthe calcium carbonate containing; material is present in an amount greater than 30% and less than or equal to 40% by weight based on total weight of the composition.4. The composition of wherein:the recycled plastic, is present in an amount greater than 50% and less than or equal to 60% by weight based on total weight of the composition; andthe calcium carbonate containing material is present in an amount greater than 40% and less than or equal to 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition.5. The composition of wherein:the recycled plastic is present in an amount greater than 40% and less than or equal to 50% by weight based on total weight of the composition; andthe calcium carbonate containing material is present in an amount greater than 50% and less than or equal to 60% weight based on total weight of the composition.6. The composition of wherein:the recycled plastic is present in an amount greater than 30% and less than or equal to 40% by ...

HIGH VALUE LIGNIN DERIVATIVES, POLYMERS, AND COPOLYMERS AND USE THEREOF IN THERMOPLASTIC, THERMOSET, COMPOSITE, AND CARBON FIBER APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure relates to reactive modified lignin, methods of preparing such modified lignin, and materials, such as polymer systems, incorporating the modified lignin. More specifically, the lignin can be modified by selectively masking reactive functional groups such that the material has a modulated reactivity and is thus better suited for incorporation into and/or formation of further materials, such as carbon fibers. 1. A reactive modified lignin comprising a lignin having about 5% or greater of the reactive functional groups thereon masked with a masking moiety that is less reactive than the functional group.2. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a thermal stability defined by an increase of the molecular weight of the modified lignin of about 10% or less when the modified lignin is heated at a temperature of about 20° C. above its glass transition temperature (Tg).3. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits thermal stability defined by a weight loss of the modified lignin that is less than 5% when heating to a temperature of greater than 225° C.4. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) that increases monotonically with the percentage of reactive functional groups that are masked with the masking moiety.5. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl claim 1 , methoxyl claim 1 , carbonyl claim 1 , and carboxyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the masking moiety is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkenyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkynyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. A lignin polymer comprising a chain of reactive modified lignin according to .8. The lignin polymer of defined ...

Polylactide-graft-lignin blends and copolymers

The present invention is directed to a PLA-graft-lignin polymers and copolymers and methods of making the same. As the lignocellulosic biorefining industry emerges as a viable fuels technology, the availability of the assortment of lignins will also expand. The use of lignins as a copolymer is one area where lignin may be utilized.

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified APL can include an APL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. In other examples, an acetate ester of the APL can be used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains. 1. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) comprising:an APL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the APL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified APL is represented by the formula R′COOR claim 1 , wherein R′ represents the APL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with the replacement of one alcohol group in the ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) blend comprising:a APL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified APL.11. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING BULKED CONTINUOUS FILAMENT

A method of manufacturing bulked continuous carpet filament which, in various embodiments, comprises: (A) grinding recycled PET bottles into a group of flakes; (B) washing the flakes; (C) identifying and removing impurities, including impure flakes, from the group of flakes; (D) passing the group of flakes through an MRS extruder while maintaining the pressure within the MRS portion of the MRS extruder below about 1.5 millibars; (E) passing the resulting polymer melt through at least one filter having a micron rating of less than about 50 microns; and (F) forming the recycled polymer into bulked continuous carpet filament that consists essentially of recycled PET. 1. A method of manufacturing bulked continuous carpet filament , said method comprising: (i) a first satellite screw extruder, said first satellite screw extruder comprising a first satellite screw that is mounted to rotate about a central axis of said first satellite screw;', '(ii) a second satellite screw extruder, said second satellite screw extruder comprising a second satellite screw that is mounted to rotate about a central axis of said second satellite screw; and', '(iii) a pressure regulation system that is adapted to maintain a pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders below between about 0 millibars and about 1.8 millibars;, '(A) providing a multi-screw extruder that comprises(B) using said pressure regulation system to reduce a pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders to between about 0 millibars and about 1.8 millibars;(C) while maintaining said pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders between about 0 millibars and about 1.8 millibars, passing a melt comprising recycled polymer through said multi-screw extruder so that: (1) a first portion of said melt passes through said first satellite screw extruder, and (2) a second portion of said melt passes through said second satellite screw extruder; and(D) after said step of passing ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AGROCHEMICAL GRANULES

The present invention provides a method for producing agrochemical granules, which contain an agrochemical active ingredient, one or more kinds of hydrophobic substances, and a substance capable of absorbing oil, with stable quality. The method for producing agrochemical granules of the present invention includes (i) a step of obtaining a mixture by mixing an agrochemical active ingredient, one or more kinds of hydrophobic substances, and a substance capable of absorbing oil together, (ii) a step of obtaining a kneaded material by loading the obtained mixture into a kneading device, kneading the mixture at a heating temperature equal to or higher than the highest melting point of the hydrophobic substances, and then causing the kneaded material to be discharged from the kneading device at a temperature equal to or lower than the highest melting point of the hydrophobic substances, and (iii) a step of granulating the obtained kneaded material by an extrusion molding method. 1. A method for producing agrochemical granules , comprising:(ii) a step of obtaining a kneaded material by loading an agrochemical active ingredient, one or more kinds of hydrophobic substances, and a substance capable of absorbing oil into a kneading device, and kneading them at a heating temperature equal to or higher than the highest melting point of the hydrophobic substances, and then causing the material to be discharged from the kneading device at a temperature equal to or lower than the highest melting point of the hydrophobic substances; and(iii) a step of granulating the obtained kneaded material by an extrusion molding method.2. A method for producing agrochemical granules , comprising:(i) a step of obtaining a mixture by mixing an agrochemical active ingredient, one or more kinds of hydrophobic substances, and a substance capable of absorbing oil together;(ii) a step of obtaining a kneaded material by loading the obtained mixture into a kneading device, kneading the mixture at a ...

Lignin-based nanostructures

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide lignin-based nanostructures including nanotubes and nanowires, methods of making and using the nanostructures, probes and compositions including the nanostructures, and the like.

Process for Improving the Flow Rate of an Aqueous Dispersion

A process for improving the flow rate of an aqueous dispersion which comprises adding a natural polymer to said aqueous system and then adding a synthetic polymer to the aqueous system. 1. A process for improving the flow rate of an aqueous dispersion comprising(a) adding a natural polymer to the aqueous dispersion, and(b) then adding a synthetic polymer to the aqueous dispersion, wherein the natural polymer and the synthetic polymer is an amount effective to increase the flow rate of the aqueous dispersion.2. The process of wherein the natural polymer is a polysaccharide.3. The process of wherein the polysaccharide is a dextran.4. The process of wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of water soluble anionic polymers claim 3 , cationic polymers claim 3 , amphoteric polymers claim 3 , nonionic polymers claim 3 , and mixtures thereof.5. The process of wherein the synthetic polymer is an anionic polymer.6. The process of wherein the anionic polymer is selected from the group consisting of copolymers derived from 2-acrylamido 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid claim 5 , copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide claim 5 , homopolymers of acrylic acid claim 5 , homopolymers of acrylamide claim 5 , and combinations thereof.7. The process of wherein the anionic polymer comprises a copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide or a copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide.8. The process of wherein the pH of the anionic polymer is about 5 to about 10.9. The process of wherein Mw of the dextran is about 5 claim 5 ,000 to about 40 claim 5 ,000 claim 5 ,0000.10. The process of wherein Mw of the anionic polymer is about 500 claim 9 ,000 to about 25 claim 9 ,000 claim 9 ,000.11. The process of wherein the PDI of the dextran is about 1.0 to about 0.12. The process of wherein weight ratio of natural polymer and synthetic polymer is a ratio effective to increase the flow rate of the aqueous dispersion.13. The process of wherein weight ratio of natural polymer ...

Forming Different Plastic Products From a Single Melt

Systems () and methods for making different plastic products () in a single melting process are provided. A method includes melting a plastic resin in a first extruder () to form a melt () and transferring at least a portion of the melt to a second extruder (). Any portion of the melt () that is not transferred to the second extruder () is formed into a first plastic product (). Additives () are blended with the melt in the second extruder to form a second melt (), and a second plastic product () is formed from the second melt (). 2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diverter system is configured to transfer additional portions of the melt to each of a plurality of product extruders.3. (canceled)4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second product extruder has a capacity that is about 50% or less than the capacity of the main extruder.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second product extruder has a lower power demand than the main extruder for an equivalent amount of material.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the main extruder system further comprises a melt pump.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second product extruder system does not comprise a melt pump.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first or second die comprises a pultrusion pipe die.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first or second die comprises a sheet die claim 1 , a film die claim 1 , or a combination sheet/film die.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first or second die comprises a blown film die.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the additive feeder comprises a liquid injection system.12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the additive feeder comprises a melt pump feeder.13. The system of claim 1 , comprising a third product extruder system comprising:a third product extruder configured to blend the melt with a product additive, forming a third product melt;an additive feeder configured to feed the product additive to the third product extruder; anda third die configured to form ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRUSION OF HOLLOW PELLETS

Described herein are extrusion processes to produce hollow pellets. Also disclosed are pelletizer devices that can be used to produce the hollow pellets. The processes and devices make use of an extrusion die having a die orifice and an insert that is placed in the die orifice to produce the hollow pellets. 1. An extrusion process for producing hollow pellets , the process comprising:extruding molten material through an extrusion die comprising a die hole and an insert disposed in the die hole, wherein the insert comprises a rear section and a forward section, the rear section comprises a hollow can and the forward section comprises a mandrel, the mandrel comprises a plurality of fins, and the fins maintain the position of the mandrel in the die hole as the molten material is extruded;cooling the extruded molten material effective to produce a pellet having a hollow cavity.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molten material flows through the hollow can of the rear section of the insert.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molten material passes through at least one hole disposed between the hollow can of the rear section of the insert and the fins of the mandrel.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fins comprise protrusions that abut the die hole to maintain the position of the mandrel as the molten material flows around the fins of the mandrel.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the fins of the mandrel is tapered.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mandrel further comprises a protrusion to squeeze the molten material into a uniform flow.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the can is threaded.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mandrel is a removable mandrel.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the mandrel may be threadedly attached to the can.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hollow cavity penetrates a first surface of the pellet and continuously extends through a second surface of the pellet.11. The process of claim 1 , ...

FIBER BASED PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method for producing a fiber based product, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) applying a binder composition over a surface at least one fiber based substrate; b) determining the distribution of the applied binder composition over the en-tire at least one surface of the at least one fiber based substrate; and c) based on the determination in step b) either accepting the treated at least one fiber based substrate for the production of the fiber based product or rejecting the treated at least one fiber based substrate from the production of the fiber based product. The invention further relates to a method for producing a binder composition, to a binder composition and to a fiber based product. 1. A method for producing a fiber based product , the method comprising:a) applying a binder composition over at least one surface of at least one fiber based substrate, the binder composition prepared by using at least a polymerizable substance, a crosslinking agent, and a colorant, wherein the colorant is used in an amount such that the difference between a color of the binder composition and a color of a corresponding binder composition prepared without the use of the colorant, as measured on a Gardner scale, is at least 3 units;b) calculating the distribution of the applied binder composition over the entire at least one surface of the at least one fiber based substrate; and{'sub': s', 't', 's', 's', 't, 'c) accepting the treated at least one fiber based substrate for the production of the fiber based product when contrast value is 50% or less, or rejecting the treated at least one fiber based substrate from the production of the fiber based product when the contrast value is greater than 50%, wherein the contrast value is defined as (D−D)/D*100%, wherein Dis a reflection density of the binder composition, and Dis a reflection density of the surface of the at least one fiber based substrate having the binder composition applied thereon, ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE, THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE, AND THREE-DIMENSION FORMATION COMPOSITION

There is provided a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure, in which the three-dimensional structure is manufactured by laminating a layer, the method including: forming the layer using a three-dimension formation composition containing particles, a binding resin, and a solvent; applying a binding solution containing a binder to the layer; and removing the particles, which are not bound by the binder, using a removing solution after repeating the forming of the layer and the applying of the binding solution, in which, in the removing of the unbound particles, the binding resin has a water-soluble functional group whose pKa in water is less than the pH of the removing solution. 1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure , in which the three-dimensional structure is manufactured by laminating a layer , the method comprising:forming the layer using a three-dimension formation composition containing particles, a binding resin, and a solvent;applying a binding solution containing a binder to the layer; andremoving the particles, which are not bound by the binder, using a removing solution after repeating the forming of the layer and the applying of the binding solution,wherein, in the removing of the unbound particles, the binding resin has a water-soluble functional group whose pKa in water is less than the pH of the removing solution.2. The method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 ,wherein the pKa of the water-soluble functional group in water is 6 or less.3. The method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 ,wherein the water-soluble functional group is a carboxyl group or a sulfo group.4. The method of manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 ,wherein the binding resin having a carboxyl group as the water-soluble functional group contains one or more selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of an olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer with ...

PELLETIZING OR GRANULATING APPARATUS

An apparatus for producing pellets from bulk material, in particular soft bulk material provided with meltable fractions, for example waste, plastics material or household refuse. The apparatus includes an annular die in which there are radially oriented pressing channels that extend from an inner surface of the annular die to an outer surface of the annular die. The annular die has a horizontal rotation axis passing through the midpoint thereof and is configured to be drivable in a rotation direction by a drive unit, and the annular die bounds a compression chamber, and has at least one working koller wheel, arranged in the compression chamber, for compressing and pressing the bulk material to be pelletized into the pressing channels. The apparatus can have a first and a second machine body, with the two machine bodies separable in the direction of the horizontal rotation axis of the annular die. The annular die is mounted in the first machine body and the at least one working koller wheel is mounted in the second machine body. 118-. (canceled)19. An apparatus for producing pellets from bulk material , particularly soft bulk material containing meltable fractions such as , e.g. , waste , plastic or household garbage , comprising:several annular dies assembled to a drum and rotatably mounted on bearing rolls or rolling bearings, in each annular die radially oriented pressing channels are formed which extend from an inner surface of the annular die to an outer surface of the annular die, the annular die having a horizontal rotational axis extending through its center and being realized such that it can be driven in a rotating direction by a drive unit, and the annular die defining a compaction chamber; andat least one working pressure roller that is arranged in the compaction chamber and serves for compacting and pressing the bulk material to be pelletized into the pressing channels; the at least one working pressure roller is held by a working pressure roller shaft ...

MICROSTRUCTURED COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, MOULDED ARTICLES MADE THEREOF AND ALSO PURPOSES OF USE

Microstructured composite material, comprising a matrix, comprising at least one sort of a thermoplastic plastic material and, distributed homogenously in the matrix, at least one sort of lignin and/or at least one lignin derivative, characterised in that the at least one sort of lignin and/or at least one lignin derivative is present in particulate form and the cross-sectional area of the particles has a round, approximately round, circular, approximately circular, elliptical or approximately elliptical geometry. 118.-. (canceled)19. A microstructured composite material comprisinga) a matrix comprising at least one thermoplastic plastic material, andb) distributed homogeneously in the matrix, at least one lignin and/or at least one lignin derivative,wherein the total content of the at least one lignin and/or of the at least one lignin derivative is, relative to the overall composite material, of 1 to 80% by weight,wherein the at least one lignin or the lignin forming the basis of the at least one lignin derivative originates from a coniferous wood-, deciduous wood- or annual plant source,wherein the at least one lignin derivative is obtained by partial or complete derivatisation, selected from the group consisting of etherification, urethanisation or a combination of the previously mentioned derivatisations of the hydroxyl groups of a corresponding lignin,wherein the at least one lignin and/or at least one lignin derivative is present in particulate form and the cross-sectional area of the particles has a round, approximately round, circular, approximately circular, elliptical or approximately elliptical geometry,{'sub': '50', 'wherein 50% of the particles of a representative number of particles (at least 200) have a diameter (d, median) less than 5 μm, and wherein at least one adhesive is contained.'}20. The composite material according to claim 19 , wherein claim 19 , in the case of the elliptical or approximately elliptical geometry claim 19 , the ratio of the ...

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPOUNDS WITH LOW-MOLECULAR LIGNINS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, MOULDED ARTICLES AND ALSO USES

Thermoplastic polymer compound comprising a thermoplastic matrix polymer or a blend of at least two thermoplastic matrix polymers and also at least one low-molecular lignin and/or low-molecular lignin derivative having a weight-averaged molecular weight of 200 to 6,000 g/mol. 1. A thermoplastic polymer compound comprising a thermoplastic matrix polymer or a blend of at least two thermoplastic matrix polymers and at least one low-molecular lignin and/or low-molecular lignin derivative having a weight-averaged molecular weight of 200 to 6 ,000 g/mol.2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the low-molecular lignin and/or the low-molecular lignin derivative has a weight-averaged molecular weight of 200 to 5 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.3. The polymer compound according to claim 1 , wherein the low-molecular lignin and/or the low-molecular lignin derivative in the at least one thermoplastic matrix polymera) is present completely dissolved, orb) is present partially dissolved, the undissolved part of the low-molecular lignin and/or of the low-molecular lignin derivative being present in particulate form, and the average particle sizes of these particles being ≦100 nm.4. The polymer compound according to claim 1 , wherein at least one further lignin and/or lignin derivative with a weight-averaged molecular weight of >6 claim 1 ,000 g/mol is contained.5. The polymer compound claim 4 , wherein the weight ratio of the totality of the at least one low-molecular lignin and/or low-molecular lignin derivative to the totality of the at least one further lignin and/or lignin derivative is from 1:99 to 99:1.6. The polymer compound according to claim 1 , wherein the total lignin content is claim 1 , relative to the polymer compound claim 1 , from 0.1 to 80% by weight.7. The polymer compound according to claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the at least one low-molecular lignin and/or low-molecular lignin derivative is less than the glass transition temperature or the ...

Articles of Reclaimed Polypropylene Composition

An article is disclosed that comprises at least about 95 weight percent reclaimed polyethylene base resin. The base resin comprises less than about 10 ppm Al, less than about 200 ppm Ti, and less than about 5 ppm Zn. The article is substantially free of odor and the base resin has a contrast ratio opacity of less than about 70%. 1. An article comprising at least about 95 weight percent reclaimed polyethylene base resin comprising:a. less than about 10 ppm Al;b. less than about 200 ppm Ti; andc. less than about 5 ppm Zn;wherein said article is substantially free of odor and said base resin has a contrast ratio opacity of less than about 70%.2. An article according to claim 1 , wherein the article comprises post-consumer recycle derived reclaimed polyethylene.3. An article according to claim 1 , wherein the article comprises post-industrial recycle derived reclaimed polyethylene.4. An article according to comprising less than about 10 ppm Na.5. An article according to comprising less than about 20 ppm Ca.6. An article according to comprising less than about 2 ppm Cr.7. An article according to comprising less than about 10 ppm Fe.8. An article according to comprising less than about 20 ppb Ni.9. An article according to comprising less than about 100 ppb Cu.10. An article according to comprising less than about 10 ppb Cd.11. An article according to comprising less than about 100 ppb Pb.12. An article according to wherein the article has a contrast ratio opacity of less than about 60%.13. An article according to wherein the article has an odor intensity of less than about 2.14. The article of claim 1 , wherein said article is a fiber.15. The article of claim 1 , wherein said article is a nonwoven web of fibers.16. The article of claim 1 , wherein said article is a film.17. The article of claim 1 , wherein said article is a fluid pervious web formed from film.18. The article of claim 1 , wherein said article is a molded article.19. The article of claim 18 , wherein said ...

A composition in the form of a lignin polyol, a method for the production thereof and use thereof

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a lignin polyol, a method for the manufacturing of said composition and use thereof in different application areas, such as in adhesives, binders, castings, foams (such as in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams for thermal insulation and construction applications, semi-rigid, flexible, moulded, laminated, microcellular and viscoelastic polyurethane foams), fillers, glues, sealants, elastomers and rubbers. The present invention also relates to a method for the manufacturing of a foam and use of this foam.

METHOD OF FORMING A CURED ELASTOMER AND ARTICLES OF THE CURED ELASTOMER

A cured elastomer golf ball component is made by heating an elastomer compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated elastomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and first and second free radical initiators to a first crosslinking temperature Tin a compression mold and partially crosslinking the elastomer, then heating to a second crosslinking temperature Tand curing the elastomer component of the golf ball. Either: (i) the first initiator has a half-life of about 0.2-5 minutes at T, the second initiator has a half-life of about 0.2-5 minutes at T, and Tis higher Tby at least about 30° C.; or (ii) the second initiator's one-minute half-life temperature is at least about 30° C. higher than the first initiator's one-minute half-life temperature, Tis within about 20° C. of the first initiator's one-minute half-life temperature, and Tis within about 20° C. of the second initiator's one-minute half-life temperature. 1. A method of making a cured elastomer component of a golf ball , comprising:heating an the elastomer compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated elastomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a first free radical initiator, and a second free radical initiator to a first crosslinking temperature in a compression mold and partially crosslinking the elastomer to form a precursor compound;further heating the precursor compound in the compression mold to a second crosslinking temperature and further crosslinking the elastomer to form a cured elastomer component of the golf ball, wherein either:(i) the first free radical initiator has a half-life of from about 0.2 minutes to about 5 minutes at the first crosslinking temperature, the second free radical initiator has a half-life of from about 0.2 minutes to about 5 minutes at the second crosslinking temperature, and the second crosslinking temperature is higher than the first crosslinking temperature by at least about 30° C.; or(ii) the first free radical initiator has a first one-minute half-life ...

PELLET BASED TOOLING AND PROCESS FOR BIODEGRADABLE COMPONENT

An example starch-based material for forming a biodegradable component includes a mixture of a starch and an expansion additive. The starch has an amylose content of less than about 70% by weight. The expansion additive enhances the expansion and physical properties of the starch. A method of preparing a starch-based material is also disclosed and an alternate starch-based material for forming a biodegradable component is also disclosed. 1. A starch-based material for forming a biodegradable component , comprising:a mixture of a starch having an amylose content of less than about 70% by weight and an expansion additive enhancing the physical and expansion properties of the starch.2. The starch-based material of claim 1 , wherein the expansion additive comprises between about 0.5% and 10% by weight of the mixture.3. The starch-based material of claim 1 , wherein the expansion additive includes polyvinyl butadiene.4. The starch-based material of claim 1 , wherein the expansion additive includes heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres.5. The starch-based material of claim 4 , wherein the heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres comprise a high-elongation acrylic copolymer.6. The starch-based material of claim 4 , wherein the heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres are between about 45 and 120 microns in diameter in an unexpanded state.7. The starch-based material of claim 4 , wherein the heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres are unexpanded and comprise between about 1% and 5% by weight of the mixture.8. The starch-based material of claim 4 , wherein the heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres are at least partially or fully expanded and the expanded heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres comprise between about 0.5% and 4% by weight of the starch-based material.9. The starch-based material of claim 1 , further comprising another claim 1 , second claim 1 , additive including at least one of an etherification additive claim 1 , latex claim 1 , peat ...

THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS AND METHODS FOR MAKING

A process is provided for preparing a thermally conductive polymer composite. The method includes the steps of combining a linear, hydrophilic polymer and an organic, hydrophilic additive to form a blend. The additive includes at least two polar functional groups that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. A thermally conductive polymer is also provided. 1. A process for preparing a thermally conductive polymer composite , the method comprising the steps of:combining a linear, hydrophilic polymer and an organic, hydrophilic additive that includes at least two polar functional groups that are capable of forming hydrogen bonds, andblending to form a thermally conductive polymer composite, wherein the at least two functional groups may be the same or different.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein intermolecular interactions between the polymer and additive lead to self-ordered crystallization within the polymer composite.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the linear claim 1 , hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , linear polysaccharides claim 1 , polyamides claim 1 , polyacrylic acids claim 1 , polyacrylic amides claim 1 , polyurethanes with polyethylene glycol ether soft segments claim 1 , ethoxylated graft polymers claim 1 , and the like claim 1 , and combinations and copolymers thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic additive is selected from the group consisting of polyols claim 1 , biopolymers claim 1 , amino acids claim 1 , aminoalcohols claim 1 , dicarboxylic acids claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of combining further includes the steps of dissolving the linear claim 1 , hydrophilic polymer in aqueous solvent claim 1 , optionally at elevated temperatures claim 1 , to form a polymer solution claim 1 , dissolving the organic claim 1 , hydrophilic additive in aqueous solvent to form an additive solution claim 1 , and combining the polymer solution and ...

ETHYLENE VINYL ALCOHOL COPOLYMER PELLET, METHOD FOR EXTRUSION OF THE PELLET AND EXTRUSION MOLDED FILM PRODUCED THEREBY

Extruded films comprising ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with substantially no blow holes therein, are formed by using a pellet feed to the extruder wherein 90-100 wt. % of the pellets pass through an ASTM size 5 sieve and 0-10 wt. % of the pellets are finer than a number 10 mesh (ASTM Sieve size). Uniform feeding to and through the extruder with a lack of bridging of the EVOH pellet feed have been observed. 1. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) pellets exhibiting a particle size distribution of 90-100 wt. % of the pellets in the range of 5-10 mesh (ASTM Ell sieve size) , and 0-10 wt. % of the pellets finer than number 10 mesh (ASTM sieve size).2. The EVOH pellets of claim 1 , exhibiting an angle of repose in the range of 20 to 30 degrees.3. The EVOH pellets of claim 1 , having an ethylene content in a range of 24-48 mole %.4. The EVOH pellets of claim 1 , having a hydrolysis of the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer of at least 95 mole %.5. The EVOH pellets of claim 1 , wherein the pellets exhibit a bulk density of at least 0.7458 g/ml.6. An extrusion molded EVOH film claim 1 , comprising at least one layer claim 1 , which at least one layer comprises a film formed from extruding the EVOH pellets of .7. The extrusion molded EVOH film of claim 6 , further comprising at least one other layer claim 6 , said at least one other layer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene claim 6 , polyethylene-graft-maleic-anhydride claim 6 , nylon claim 6 , polypropylene and tie resin to be coextruded with the EVOH film; wherein the tie resin is a commercially available resin known to bond dissimilar polymers together.8. The extrusion molded EVOH film of claim 6 , which exhibits substantially no blow holes.9. A method for extrusion EVOH pellets to an extruder and conveying the pellets through the extruder until the pellets become molten prior to extrusion claim 6 , comprising feeding the extruder with EVOH pellets exhibiting a particle size distribution of 90- ...

HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITION, PRODUCT AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME

This disclosure relates to a novel type of high molecular weight polyethylene composition, and product made from said composition, with industrially useful properties, and the process of making said composition and product. 1. A composition comprising:i) a first virgin polyethylene resin, having a bimodal molecular weight distribution which is high molecular weight (HMW), having a high load melt index measured according ASTM D-1238 (HLMI) of from about 1 to 6 g/10min; and comprising a particle size distribution of less than about 50 μmii) a second virgin polyethylene resin, an HLMI from about 20-70 g/10min, a melt flow index measured according ASTM D-1238 (MFI) of from about 0.20-0.60 g/10min, and comprising a particle size distribution of less than about 50 μm;iii) a first post-consumer polyethylene resin, having a MFI of from about 0.10-0.70 g/10min;iv) a second post-consumer polyethylene resin, which is HMW, and having a HLMI of from about 4 - 8 g/10min; andv) a polyethylene antioxidant.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each of said first virgin polyethylene resin claim 1 , said second virgin polyethylene resin claim 1 , said first post-consumer polyethylene resin claim 1 , and said second post-consumer polyethylene resin is a high density polyethylene.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said first virgin polyethylene resin claim 1 , has a density of from about 0.948 to 0.955 g/cm.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said second virgin polyethylene resin claim 1 , has a density of from about 0.950 to 0.960 g/cm.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said first post-consumer polyethylene resin has a density of from about 0.955 to 0.970 g/cm.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said second post-consumer polyethylene resin has a density of from about 0.952 to 0.958 g/cm.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said first and second virgin polyethylene resin is each independently comprising a particle size distribution of less than about 30 μm.8. The ...

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIGNIN-ACRYLONITRILE POLYMER BLEND MATERIALS

A polymer blend material comprising: (i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and (ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %; wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); and said polymer blend material possesses a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation. Methods for producing the polymer blend, molded forms thereof, and articles thereof, are also described. 1. A polymer blend material comprising:(i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and(ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %;wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); andsaid polymer blend material possesses either a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation.2. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 30 mol %.3. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 35 mol %.4. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 40 mol %.5. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin is a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin claim 1 , or a grass-derived lignin.6. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin has a weight-average molecular weight of up to 10 claim 1 , ...

BIO-BASED COMPOSITES, COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AND ADHESIVES

A method for producing an engineered wood material may include a matrix material and filler material. In some embodiments, a separate binder and/or adhesive is not required. The matrix and filler materials may be bio-based and/or renewable materials. The engineered wood material may be produced by compressing the mixed components together under pressure at an elevated temperature for a predetermined amount of time. An advantage of the present invention may be that such materials are easily and cheaply replenished, as opposed to non-bio-based materials which include petroleum-based or other non-renewable products in their manufacture. 1. An engineered wood material , comprising a matrix material and a filler material ,wherein the matrix material is a bio-based material, andwherein the filler material is a bio-based material.2. The engineered wood material of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material is present in an amount of about 10% to about 95% of the engineered wood material by weight claim 1 , andwherein the filler material is present in an amount of about 5% to about 90% of the engineered wood material by weight.3. The engineered wood material of claim 2 , wherein the matrix material is present in an amount of about 50% to about 75% of the engineered wood material by weight claim 2 , andwherein the filler material is present in an amount of about 25% to about 50% of the engineered wood material by weight.4. The engineered wood material of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material has a protein content of about 10 to about 75% claim 1 , a lignocellulose content of about 25 to about 90% claim 1 , an oil content of about 0 to about 10% claim 1 , and/or a moisture content of about 3 to about 10%.5. The engineered wood material of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material is at least one of dried distillers grains and solubles claim 1 , a soybean flour claim 1 , a soy protein isolate claim 1 , a seed press cake claim 1 , and a ground seed material.6. The engineered wood ...

Method for continuous casting and granulation of strands from thermoplastic

A method for continuous casting and granulating strands of a thermoplastic material which uses a nozzle head having a plurality of nozzle apertures of a maximum diameter of 4 mm each, and water-moistened guide member for cooling and guiding the plastic strands exiting the nozzle aperture via inlet rollers to the inlet of the cutting unit for chopping up the plastic strands into granules approx. 2-3 mm in length. The flow rate of the melt, with the strands being cooled down on their way from the nozzles via the guide member the feed rollers of the cutting unit, of at least 100 m/min in the central spatial region of the nozzle apertures will be increased to such an extent that the cutting unit will chop up the strands at a cutting rate of >2,000 cuts/s.

USE OF POLYCARBOXYLATE ETHERS IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER ADDITIVES FOR MILLING CEMENT

Use of an aqueous composition containing at least one polycarboxylate ether as cement grinding aid, wherein the aqueous composition contains one or more additives, or the aqueous composition is used in combination with one or more additives, and wherein the additive is selected from 1,3-propanediol, a carboxylic acid, a sulfonated amino alcohol, boric acid, a salt of boric acid, a salt of phosphoric acid, sorbitol, a saccharide, a gluconate, iron sulfate, tin sulfate, an antimony salt, an alkali salt, an alkaline earth salt, lignin sulfonate, glycerol, melamine, melamine sulfonate and mixtures thereof. 1. A method comprising: applying a cement grinding aid , the cement grinding aid comprising an aqueous composition containing at least one polycarboxylate ether as cement grinding aid , wherein the aqueous composition contains one or more additives or the aqueous composition is used in combination with one or more additives , and wherein the additive is selected from 1 ,3-propanediol , a carboxylic acid , a sulfonated amino alcohol , boric acid , a salt of boric acid , a salt of phosphoric acid , sorbitol , a saccharide , a gluconate , iron sulfate , tin sulfate , an antimony salt , an alkali salt , an alkaline earth salt , lignin sulfonate , glycerol , melamine , melamine sulfonate and mixtures thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali or alkaline earth salt is selected from an alkali or alkaline earth halide claim 1 , an alkali or alkaline earth nitrate claim 1 , an alkali or alkaline earth nitrite claim 1 , and an alkali or alkaline earth thiocyanate claim 1 , and/or the carboxylic acid is selected from formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , lactic acid and citric acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition contains at least one other grinding aid claim 1 , or the aqueous composition and the additive(s) are used in combination with at least one other grinding aid claim 1 ,wherein the ...

PREPARATION OF BIMODAL RUBBER, THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATES, AND ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM

Pellet-stable olefinic copolymer bimodal rubber is made using parallel reactors, with one reactor synthesizing higher molecular weight (MW) rubber with dual catalysts, with an improved molecular weight split ratio and an improved composition distribution of the moderate and ultra-high MW components, while another reactor synthesizes random isotactic polypropylene copolymer (RCP). The effluents are reactor-blended and result in pellet-stable bimodal rubber (P-SBR), which may be pelletized. When making thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with P-SBR, the need to granulate rubber bales and subsequently use talc, clay, or other anti-agglomeration agents to prevent granulated rubber crumbs from agglomerating are eliminated. TPVs made with P-SBR have vulcanized rubber particles that are smaller and more uniform in size, resulting in TPVs with higher particle counts and more thermoplastic “ligaments” between the particles, with such ligaments being made stronger by the added RCP. Such thus-produced TPVs have a lower hysteresis and flexural modulus, and better elastic properties. 1. A method of preparing a pellet-stable olefinic copolymer bimodal rubber , comprising:producing a high molecular weight olefinic copolymer rubber characterized by a bimodal molecular weight and a bimodal composition distribution (“bimodal rubber”) within a first reactor;concurrently producing isotactic polypropylene random copolymer (RCP) within a second reactor, wherein the first and second reactors are operated in parallel to each other;obtaining an effluent from the first reactor;obtaining an effluent from the second reactor;reactor-blending the effluents in situ to thereby produce a pellet-stable RCP-containing bimodal rubber (“pellet-stable bimodal rubber”), wherein about 80-97.5 wt % of the bimodal rubber is blended with about 2.5-20 wt % of the RCP, and optionally pelletizing the pellet-stable rubber.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst compound further comprises one or more of:{' ...

OXYGEN ASSISTED ORGANOSOLV PROCESS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND LIGNIN RECOVERY

An oxygen assisted Organosolv process for a more efficient delignification and producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing a lignin solvent with water, an acid, an oxidant and one or more lignin dissolving chemicals. The process also includes placing biomass in contact with oxidant, acid, water, the lignin solvent in any order or combined to form a recyclable solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the recyclable solvent by circulating the recyclable solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the recyclable solvent occurs for a period of time, during which, acid and oxidant may be added if necessary as they may be consumed by the process, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the recyclable solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new lignin dissolving solvent or sold, while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid, or mixed with other polymers as an additive and extruded or injected to consumable polymeric parts, or can be used and the natural source of renewable aromatics. Application of an oxidant will help the overall fractionation process by changing the chemical characteristics of the lignin and therefore allows more lignin to be removed from biomass. At the end, the lignin is separated from the lignin dissolving solvent by a separation process to also reclaim the lignin dissolving solvent for the next fractionation process. 1. An oxygen assisted organosolv process for delignification of lignocellulosic biomass materials comprising:a) Placing a quantity of lignocellulosic biomass in contact with a quantity of oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide to partially or fully impregnate the biomass;b) Placing a quantity of the partially or fully impregnated biomass in contact with a quantity of acid to acidify the impregnated biomass;c) Adding a quantity of water to a quantity of the acidified ...

ARTICLE COMPRISING PLATED COMPONENT

An article at least comprising two components contacting with each other, in which at least part of a surface of at least one of the two components being plated, is provided, which is excellent in plating adhesion and impact resistance and thus is hard to be damaged on the plated surface and excellent in appearance even when one of the two components is brought into contact with the plated part of the other component, and is preferably suppressed in occurrence of unpleasant sounds such as squeaking noise. At least one of the two components of the article is formed of a thermoplastic resin composition (X) comprising a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A) in at least part of the portion that contacts the plated portion of the other component. 1. An article at least comprising two components contacting with each other , at least part of a surface of each of the two components being plated , in which at least one of the two component comprises a portion that contacts with the plated portion of the other component , said portion being at least partly formed of a thermoplastic resin composition (X) comprising a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A).2. The article according to claim 1 , in which at least one of the two components is formed of the thermoplastic resin composition (X) as a whole or at the whole portion that contacts with the other component.3. The article according to claim 1 , in which the thermoplastic resin composition (X) has a rubber content of 3 to 60% by mass.4. The article according to claim 1 , in which the thermoplastic resin composition (X) has a melting point in a range of 0 to 130° C. as measured in accordance with JIS K 7121-1987.5. The article according to claim 4 , in which the rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A) has a rubber part made from an ethylene/alpha-olefin rubber.6. The article according to claim 5 , in which the ethylene/alpha-olefin rubber has a melting point in a range of 0 to 130° C. as measured in accordance ...

Process for Producing Lignin from Tobacco

A process for producing lignin from one or more plants of genus is provided. The lignin can be derived inter alia from species biomass. A process such as is described in various embodiments herein also provides articles and compositions that include lignin produced from one or more plants of genus 1. A process for isolating lignin from tobacco biomass , the process comprising:(a) contacting a quantity of tobacco biomass with a quantity of acid to form an acidified digest mixture;(b) contacting a quantity of the acidified digest mixture with a quantity of butanol to form a butanol-containing mixture;(c) effecting a separation of a quantity of the butanol-containing mixture into a butanol-soluble phase and a butanol-insoluble phase; and(d) effecting a removal of butanol from a quantity of the butanol-soluble phase sufficient to yield a quantity of an isolated lignin from the butanol-soluble phase.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid is a mineral acid.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the separation comprises solvent extraction claim 1 , chromatography claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , filtration claim 1 , pressing claim 1 , recrystallization claim 1 , and/or solvent-solvent partitioning.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises solvent extraction.5. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises chromatography.6. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises distillation.7. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises filtration.8. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises pressing.9. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises recrystallization.10. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the separation comprises solvent-solvent partitioning.11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the removal is effected by evaporation claim 1 , sublimation claim 1 , lyophilization claim 1 , solvent extraction claim 1 , ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by lignin release therefrom, which can produce a highly viscous phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; and reducing the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; 'wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; and', 'at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase;'}reducing the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:measuring the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein reducing the viscosity and measuring the viscosity take place at the same time.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic component is formed by a catalytic reduction reaction of soluble carbohydrates claim 1 , the soluble carbohydrates being derived from the cellulosic biomass solids.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a monohydric alcohol claim 4 , a glycol claim 4 , a triol claim 4 , or any combination thereof.6. The method of ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DISTRIBUTING A SLURRY CATALYST IN CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: heating cellulosic biomass solids and a digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; and after conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent;heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms;conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst therein to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; andafter conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIONASS SOLIDS

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent;at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; andseparating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic component is formed by a catalytic reduction reaction of soluble carbohydrates claim 1 , the soluble carbohydrates being derived from the cellulosic biomass solids.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a monohydric alcohol claim 2 , a glycol claim 2 , a triol claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a glycol.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the aqueous phase is maintained with the cellulosic biomass solids after separating the phenolics liquid phase.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:circulating at least a portion of the aqueous phase through the cellulosic biomass solids.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin comprises heating the phenolics liquid phase to a temperature of at least about 270° C. in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MAKING GRANULES

The invention relates to a method for making granules from strands of a melt of a thermoplastic polymer material having the steps of creating and providing the melt of the material, discharging the material in multiple strands from a perforated plate, impinging the strands with an impinging flow fluid from an impinging flow nozzle, cooling the strands and dividing the strands into individual granules, wherein the strands are impinged by the impinging flow fluid only during discharge from the perforated plate, and wherein, as it is discharged from the impinging flow nozzle, the impinging flow fluid has a temperature above the melting temperature of the material and has a discharge velocity in the range from 50 m/sec to 300 m/sec; the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method with an impinging flow device that can be pivoted by means of a pivoting joint. 1. A method for making granules from strands of a melt of a thermoplastic polymer material , wherein the method comprises the steps of:a. creating and providing the melt of the thermoplastic polymer material;b. discharging the melt of a thermoplastic polymer material in multiple strands from a perforated plate;c. impinging the strands with an impinging flow fluid from an impinging flow nozzle;d. cooling the strands; ande. dividing the strands into individual granules; andwherein the strands are only impinged by the impinging flow fluid during discharge from the perforated plate, and wherein, as the impinging flow fluid is discharged from the impinging flow nozzle, the impinging flow fluid has a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polymer material and has a discharge velocity from 50 m/sec to 300 m/sec.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of the following:a. wherein the impinging flow fluid has a discharge velocity in the range from 100 m/sec to 250 m/sec;{'sup': 3', '3, 'b. wherein the impinging flow fluid discharges in a volume of 1.5 m/h to 9 m/h ...

PLASTICIZED TEREPHTHALATE-BASED POLYESTER BLENDS CONTAINING FATTY ACIDS OR ESTERS THEREOF

A plasticized terephthalate-based polyester blend comprising a terephthalate-based polyester (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, i.e., PET) homogeneously blended with a fatty acid or ester thereof, wherein said fatty acid or ester thereof is present in said polyester blend in an amount of 1-50 wt %. Also described herein is a method for producing a plasticized terephthalate-based polyester blend, the method comprising melt mixing a terephthalate-based polyester with a fatty acid or ester thereof at a temperature in a range of 230-250° C. to produce said polyester blend, wherein said fatty acid or ester thereof is present in said polyester blend in an amount of 1-50 wt % and is homogeneously blended with said terephthalate-based polyester. 1. A plasticized terephthalate-based polyester blend comprising a terephthalate-based polyester homogeneously blended with a fatty acid or ester thereof , wherein said fatty acid or ester thereof is present in said polyester blend in an amount of 1-50 wt %.2. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid contains at least eight carbon atoms.3. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid contains at least ten carbon atoms.4. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid contains at least twelve carbon atoms.5. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid is tall oil fatty acid.6. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said terephthalate-based polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.7. The polyester blend of claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid or ester thereof is present in said polyester blend in an amount of 3-30 wt %.8. The polyester blend of claim 1 , further comprising lignin in an amount of 1-50 wt % by weight of said polyester blend claim 1 , wherein said lignin is homogeneously blended in said polyester blend.9. The polyester blend of claim 8 , wherein said lignin has a molecular weight of 500-5000 g/mole.10. The polyester blend of claim 8 , wherein said lignin is present in said ...

RUBBER COMPOUNDS FOR PNEUMATIC TYRE PARTS COMPRISING LIGNIN AS DISPERSING AGENT

A rubber compound for the preparation of pneumatic tyre parts comprising at least a crosslinkable unsaturated-chain polymer base, a filler, a vulcanization system and a dispersing agent comprising, in turn, a functionalized lignin having a plurality of functionalizations of the general formula I 2. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that R is —OArLig and R′ is —OH.3. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that n is between 1 and 5.4. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that said functionalized lignin is derived from Kraft lignin.5. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that said lignin comprises from 10 to 100% of the functionalized hydroxyl groups according to the general formula (I).6. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises silica as a filler.7. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises said functionalized lignin in an amount of between 2 and 6 phr.8. Rubber compound according to claim 1 , characterized in that said functionalized lignin is derived from Kraft lignin.9. Pneumatic tyre portion made with the compound according to .10. Pneumatic tyre comprising a portion according to . The present invention relates to the use of functionalized lignin as a dispersing agent for rubber compounds for pneumatic tyre parts.The usage has long been known of lignin as a dispersing agent within rubber compounds for making pneumatic tyre parts.Lignin is an organic substance that binds the cells and fibers that constitute wood and the lignified elements of plants. After cellulose, it is the most abundant renewable source of carbon on earth. Although it is not possible to define the precise structure of lignin as a chemical molecule, it is however possible to identify lignin as a polymeric structure based on the following three phenylpropane units: -p-coumaryl alcohol; -coniferyl alcohol (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl alcohol); -sinapyl ...

IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

A thermoelectric material comprising carbon nanotubes and lignin. The carbon nanotubes are present as fibres and the lignin is present in pores and/or voids in the carbon nanotube fibres. The lignin may act as a dopant to increase the thermoelectric efficiency of the carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes in particular. A method of forming a thermoelectric material involving impregnating fibres of carbon nanotubes with lignin, is also provided. A thermoelectric element, a fabric and a thermoelectric device comprising the thermoelectric material are also provided. The thermoelectric material may be particularly useful for the production of wearable thermoelectric devices. 1. A thermoelectric material comprising carbon nanotubes and lignin.2. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.3. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are in the form of fibres having a specific surface area between 50 and 2000 cm/g.4. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is an organosolve lignin.5. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , comprising at least 2 wt % lignin.6. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , comprising at least 10 wt % lignin.7. The thermoelectric material according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoelectric material is a yarn comprising fibres of the carbon nanotubes.8. A thermoelectric element comprising a thermoelectric material according to .9. A fabric comprising a thermoelectric material according to .10. A thermoelectric device comprising a thermoelectric material according to .11. The thermoelectric device according to claim 10 , wherein the thermoelectric device is adapted to be arranged in use on a user's body and to generate electricity from heat from said body of said user.12. A method of forming a thermoelectric material comprising carbon nanotubes and lignin claim 10 , the method ...

Guide Roller Of A Pair Of Feed Rollers Of A Granulating Device

Guide roller of a pair of feed rollers of a granulating device for plastic strands, wherein the guide roller has a core and at least one outer hard rubber layer, wherein the at least one outer hard rubber layer forms a sleeve that can be pushed onto the core of the guide roller and pulled off of the core.

POROUS CARBON STRUCTURE PRODUCTION

A process is provided for producing a structure into which blood or other bio-fluids can flow by capillary action, e.g. for a whole blood microsampling probe. The process comprises mixing particles of novolak resin and particles of hydrocarbon polymer, producing an uncarbonized structure from the mixture by pressurised moulding and carbonizing the moulded structure, the hydrocarbon resin being a polymer such as polystyrene that on pyrolysis has a zero carbon yield, and the particles of the hydrocarbon polymer leaving voids in the carbonized structure of sufficient size for flow of whole blood into and through the structure. The particles may be of partly cured and milled novolak resin, the novolak particles when in the moulded structure not exhibiting bulk flow during carbonization but sintering at inter-particle contact points during carbonization to provide a consolidated structure. In this variant, ethylene glycol may be used as a sintering aid. Alternatively, the particles may be of fully cured and milled novolak resin, and are mixed with the hydrocarbon polymer , the lubricant and with a binder such as lignin for providing a consolidated structure. 1. A process for producing a structure into which blood or other bio-fluids can flow by capillary action , said process comprising:mixing particles of novolak resin and particles of hydrocarbon polymer;producing an uncarbonized structure from the mixture by pressurised moulding; andcarbonizing the moulded structure, the hydrocarbon polymer being a polymer that on pyrolysis has a zero carbon yield, and the particles of the hydrocarbon polymer leaving voids in the carbonized structure of sufficient size for flow of whole blood into and through the structure to be enhanced.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the particles of novolak resin are of mean size 40-70 μm and have been classified to remove powder of size less than 20 μm.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the particles of hydrocarbon polymer have a mean ...

Method for manufacturing purified lignin composite material and product thereof

A method for manufacturing a purified lignin composite material and a product thereof are provided. The method includes a raw material preparation procedure for preparing a powder material; a lignin purification procedure, the powder material being processed into a pure lignin powder; and a lignin mixing procedure, the pure lignin powder being mixed with starch and a binder to produce the purified lignin composite material. 1. A method for manufacturing a purified lignin composite material , comprising a raw material preparation procedure , a lignin purification procedure , and a lignin mixing procedure;in the raw material preparation procedure, a vegetable material containing lignin being performed with a drying process and treated to a moisture content of 15% or less and performed with a crushing process and a pulverizing process to form a powder material having a fineness of 20 to 500 μm;in the lignin purification procedure, the powder material being put into a reaction tank and added with soft water of 10 times by weight of the powder material and a fiber hydrolytic enzyme of 1-2 thousandths by weight of the powder material for performing a fiber hydrolysis saccharification treatment, cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the powder material being decomposed into saccharide dissolved in water to form a saccharide aqueous solution containing solid lignin, yeast of 1-2 thousandths by weight of the powder material being added for performing a fermentation treatment, the saccharide aqueous solution containing solid lignin being fermented into a fermentation aqueous solution containing solid lignin and ethanol, the solid lignin being partially separated by a solid-liquid separation treatment and performed with an oven-drying process to produce a pure lignin powder; andthe lignin mixing procedure being based on an overall weight ratio, the pure lignin powder having a weight ratio of 30-70%, starch having a weight ratio of 0-30% and a binder having a weight ratio of ...

Method for reclaiming used superabsorbent polymer

A method enabling a used superabsorbent polymer recovered from used absorbent, etc., to be readily and inexpensively recovered without using acids or alkalies. The used superabsorbent polymer is treated with an aqueous solution of a multivalent metal salt such as calcium chloride, etc., the superabsorbent polymer treated with the aqueous solution of a multivalent metal salt is treated with an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal salt such as sodium chloride, etc., the superabsorbent polymer treated with the aqueous solution of an alkaline metal salt is washed with water, and the superabsorbent polymer washed with water is then dried.

SQUEEZING-ROLL GRANULATOR AND USE THEREOF

A squeeze roller granulator that has a cylindrical pressure roller and a toothed squeeze roller. The gearing of the squeeze roller has tooth flanks that are situated between a tooth root region and a tooth tip region. The tooth root region has an outer diameter that is smaller than the outer diameter of the tooth tip region. The tooth tip region of the squeeze roller has three crushing zones including a middle crushing zone, which define different distances from the cylindrical pressure roller with a minimum distance in the region of the middle crushing zone, and the contour of the tooth flanks and the tooth root region of the crush roller in cooperation with the contour of the cylindrical pressure roller defines a maximum cross-section of granulate cushions to be formed. 1. A squeeze roller granulator that comprising:a) a cylindrical pressure roller; and i) a tooth flank situated between a tooth root region and a tooth tip region, wherein the tooth root region has a tooth root outer diameter that is smaller than a tooth tip outer diameter; and', 'ii) an incoming crushing zone, an outgoing crushing zone, and a middle crushing zone disposed in the tooth tip region, wherein the incoming crushing zone, the outgoing crushing zone, and the middle crushing zone define different distances from the cylindrical pressure roller, and further wherein the middle crushing zone is a smaller distance from the cylindrical pressure roller than the incoming crushing zone and outgoing crushing zone; and', 'wherein a contour of the tooth flank and the tooth root region in cooperation with a contour of the cylindrical pressure roller defines a maximum cross-section of each of a plurality of granulate cushions to be formed., 'b) a toothed squeeze roller, wherein a gearing of the squeeze roller comprises2. The squeeze roller granulator of claim 1 , wherein the tooth root region extends from an end of a falling tooth flank to a beginning of a rising tooth flank and the tooth tip region ...

RECYCLING OF BROAD GOODS WITH THERMOPLASTIC STABILIZER MATERIALS

A method is disclosed for recycling broad goods material into a flaked feed material. The broad goods material includes reinforcement fibers and thermoplastic material. The recycling method includes applying heat and pressure to impregnate the reinforcement fibers at a filament level with the thermoplastic material to form an impregnated fiber material. The method also includes cooling the impregnated fiber material, and cutting the cooled impregnated fiber material into flakes to produce the flaked feed material. 1. A system for producing a bulk molding compound , comprising:an accumulator, configured to collect broad goods material including reinforcement fibers and thermoplastic material;a consolidator, in communication with the accumulator, configured to apply heat and pressure to impregnate the thermoplastic material into the reinforcement fibers at a filament level;a chopper, in communication with the consolidator, configured to cut the impregnated fiber material into flakes; anda combiner, in communication with the chopper, configured to combine the flakes of impregnated fiber material with one or more added compounding materials to produce a thermoplastic or thermoset molding compound, to produce a bulk molding compound.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the broad goods material comprises a fiber-reinforced resin-matrix composite material.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a binder applicator claim 1 , configured to apply a thermoplastic binder to the broad goods material.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the binder applicator is one of one of a powdered binder applicator and a liquid binder applicator.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the binder applicator is a film binder applicator claim 3 , configured to apply a thermoplastic binding film to the broad goods material.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the consolidator comprises heated nip rollers claim 1 , configured to press against at least opposing sides of the broad goods material claim 1 ...

Polypropylene composition with improved impact resistance for pipe applications

The present invention relates to a polypropylene composition comprising a multimodal propylene random copolymer with at least one comonomer selected from alpha-olefins with 2 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein the polypropylene composition has a melt flow rate MFR 2 (2.16 kg, 230° C.) of 0.05 to 1.0 g/10 min, determined according to ISO 1133, a polydispersity index (PI) of 2.0 to 7.0, and a Charpy Notched Impact Strength at 0° C. of more than 4.0 kJ/m 2 , determined according to ISO 179/1eA:2000 using notched injection moulded specimens, a process for producing said polypropylene composition, an article comprising said polypropylene composition and the use of said polypropylene composition for the production of an article.

Polyethylene terephthalate alloy having talc

A method of forming a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mixture with talc includes: providing a feed of PET (PET feed); providing a feed of talc (talc feed); mixing the feed of PET with the feed of talc in a mixer at a PET:talc ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:3 to form a PET/talc mixture; and providing the PET/talc mixture as output. A method of forming a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) alloy having talc includes: providing a feed of the PET/talc mixture (PET/talc feed); providing a feed of PET (PET feed); mixing the feed of PET with the feed of PET/talc in a mixer to form a PET alloy having from about 1% (w/w) talc to about 50% talc (w/w); and providing the PET alloy as output.

COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING LIGNIN AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A composition may include at least 50 wt-% of a first lignin component; and up to 50 wt % of a second lignin component. The first and second lignin components may include processed lignin or native lignin. The composition may include at least 80 wt-% processed lignin; and at least 1 wt-%) of a blend component comprising an aromatic ring and one or more electron withdrawing groups. The processed lignin may include kraft lignin or GVL lignin or both. The composition may include a lignin component and a non-lignin blend component. Polymeric articles formed from the composition by casting, molding, or extrusion may exhibit a tensile strength of 20 MPa or greater, or a tensile elongation at break of 1.5%> or greater. 1. A composition comprising:at least 80 wt-% of processed lignin; andat least 1 wt-% of a blend component.2. (canceled)3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the processed lignin comprises kraft lignin.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is not sulfonated.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blend component comprises an electron donating group claim 1 , an electron withdrawing group claim 1 , or both.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blend component comprises a nitroaniline claim 1 , an anthraquinone claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. (canceled)8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein articles formed from the composition by casting claim 1 , molding claim 1 , or extrusion exhibit a tensile strength of 20 MPa or greater.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein articles formed from the composition by casting claim 1 , molding claim 1 , or extrusion exhibit a tensile elongation at break of 1.5% or greater.10. A composition comprising:at least 80 wt-% of a first lignin component; andup to 20 wt-% of a second lignin component different from the first lignin component.11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the first lignin component comprises kraft lignin.12. (canceled)13. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition ...

MELT-FORMABLE ETHYLENE-VINYL ALCOHOL COPOLYMER COMPOSITION, PELLETS, AND MULTILAYER STRUCTURE

A melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition contains: (A) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; (B) an alkali metal compound; and (C) an iron compound; wherein the weight ratio of the alkali metal compound (B) to the iron compound (C) on a metal basis is 10 to 100,000. The viscosity of the melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition decreases with time during melt forming, rendering it excellent in long-run formability. 1. A melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition comprising:(A) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer;(B) an alkali metal compound; and(C) an iron compound;wherein a weight ratio of the alkali metal compound (B) to the iron compound (C) on a metal basis is 10 to 100,000.2. The melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the iron compound (C) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 20 ppm on a metal basis based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition.3. The melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal compound (B) is present in an amount of 1 to 1 claim 1 ,000 ppm on a metal basis based on the weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition.4. A pellet comprising the melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition according to .5. A multilayer structure comprising a layer which comprises the melt-formable ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer composition according to . This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2018/024311, filed on Jun. 27, 2018, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-124870, filed on Jun. 27, 2017, the entire contents of each of which being hereby incorporated by reference.The present disclosure relates to a melt-formable EVOH resin composition containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “EVOH resin”) as a main component, and further relates to ...

RESIN COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

Provided is a resin composition, including: a polycarbonate resin; a biomass resin having a hydroxy group; a rubber having a siloxane bond and having a functional group reactive with a hydroxy group; a flame retardant; and a drip preventing agent, in which: when a total of all the components is defined as 100 mass %, contents of the components are: biomass resin having a hydroxy group: 5 mass % or more to 25 mass % or less, the rubber having a siloxane bond and having a functional group reactive with a hydroxy group: 1 mass % or more to 9 mass % or less, the flame retardant: 3 mass % or more to 20 mass % or less, and the drip preventing agent: 0.1 mass % or more to 5 mass % or less; and a mass ratio of the biomass resin having a hydroxy group to the polycarbonate resin is 0.35 or less. 1. A resin composition comprising:a polycarbonate resin;a biomass resin having a hydroxy group;a rubber having a siloxane bond and having a functional group reactive with a hydroxy group;a flame retardant; anda drip preventing agent, a content of the biomass resin is 5 mass % to 25 mass %,', 'a content of the rubber is 1 mass % to 9 mass %,', 'a content of the flame retardant is 3 mass % to 20 mass %, and', 'a content of the drip preventing agent is 0.1 mass % to 5 mass %, and, 'wherein when a total content of all components in the resin composition is 100 mass %wherein a mass ratio of the biomass resin to the polycarbonate resin is 0.35 or less.2. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition has a weight-average molecular weight of 30 claim 1 ,000 or more in terms of polystyrene measured by size exclusion chromatography.3. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the resin composition satisfies formula (1):{'br': None, 'i': b+', 'c≦', 'd, '0.33.54\u2003\u2003(1),'}where:b represents the content of the biomass resin;c represents the content of the rubber; andd represents the content of the flame retardant.4. The resin composition according to ...

Granulating knife

A granulating knife ( 6 ) is described for a knife head ( 5 ) of a granulating apparatus, wherein the knife body ( 8 ) forms a cutting edge ( 9 ) and a face ( 10 ) originating from the cutting edge ( 9 ). In order to improve the operational lifespan of the granulating knives ( 6 ) it is proposed that the face ( 10 ) is provided with a coating which is harder in comparison with the remainder of the knife body ( 8 ).

BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITES AND METHODS OF USE IN ATTRACTING OR REPELLING ANIMALS

Described herein are biodegradable composites and methods of forming the same. The composites generally comprise a base polymer, a plant-based filler material, and optionally a fragrant additive. The fragrant additives may be used for attracting animals to or repelling animals from an area. Methods of forming the biodegradable composites include an extrusion process using a melt formed from the base polymer and the plant-based filler material. 1. A biodegradable composite comprising:a base polymer selected from the group consisting of biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and thermoplastic starch;a plant-based filler material; andoptionally, a fragrant additive.2. The biodegradable composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises from about 30% to about 60% by weight of the base polymer.3. The biodegradable composite of claim 2 , wherein the base polymer is selected from the group consisting of polybutylene adipate terephthalate claim 2 , polybutylene succinate claim 2 , and polylactic acid.4. The biodegradable composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite comprises from about 30% to about 70% by weight of the plant-based filler material.5. The biodegradable composite of claim 4 , wherein the plant-based filler material comprises a mixture of a wood-based particulate material and starch.6. The biodegradable composite of claim 5 , wherein the composite comprises from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the wood-based particulate material.7. The biodegradable composite of claim 5 , wherein the wood-based particulate material is a wood flour.8. The biodegradable composite of claim 5 , wherein the composite comprises from about 25% to about 50% by weight of the starch.9. The biodegradable composite of claim 5 , wherein the starch comprises a wheat-based starch.10. The biodegradable composite of claim 5 , wherein the composite comprises a matrix that includes the base polymer claim 5 , the wood-based particulate material ...

ANIMAL TOYS WITH INCORPORATED FLAVOR COMPOSITIONS

Non-toxic, polymeric animal toys with incorporated flavor compositions are disclosed and described. The flavor compositions are emulsified to provide high flash points which will withstand polymer processing techniques used to form the toys without significant losses of the flavor composition. Exemplary animal toys include those with polymeric foam bodies and elastomers that have flavor emulsions mixed into them as well as semi-crystalline polymeric fiber toys in which the outer fibers and all or part of the core fibers have an incorporated flavor composition. 1. An animal toy , comprising:a non-toxic polymeric body having a flavor composition incorporated therein.2. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the flavor composition is a food flavor composition.3. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric body comprises a polymeric matrix claim 1 , and the flavor composition is incorporated in the polymeric matrix.4. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the flavor composition consists of one or more AAFCO compliant ingredients.5. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the flavor composition consists of one or more FEMA GRAS ingredients.6. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the flavor composition is emulsified.7. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the non-toxic polymeric body comprises an elastomer.8. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the non-toxic polymeric body comprises a foam.9. The animal toy of claim 1 , wherein the flavor composition is an emulsion having a flash point of at least about 80° C.10. A method of making an animal toy having a shape claim 1 , the method comprising:providing a non-toxic polymer;mixing the non-toxic polymer with a flavor composition to yield a flavor composition-incorporated polymer;molding the flavor composition-incorporated polymer using a mold that defines the shape of the animal toy.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of mixing the non-toxic polymeric a flavor composition comprises mixing the non-toxic polymer with an ...

RESIN-IMPREGNATED FIBER BUNDLE, COMPRESSION MOLDED ARTICLE, AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

To provide a resin-impregnated fiber bundle that can provide a molded article with a high surface impact strength. 1. A resin-impregnated fiber bundle prepared by impregnating and integrating 100 parts by mass of a bundle of a fiber material (A) with 25 to 300 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin (B) , wherein:the resin-impregnated fiber bundle has a flattened shape with a lateral cross-sectional shape having a major axis and a minor axis (length of the major axis>length of the minor axis);an average length (D1) of the major axis is 0.5 to 2.0 mm;an average flatness ratio (D1/D2) determined from the average length (D1) of the major axis and an average length (D2) of the minor axis is 1.2 to 8.0;the resin-impregnated fiber bundle has a length (L) of 11 to 50 mm and a ratio (L/D1) between L and D1 is 10 to 50; and{'sup': '3', 'a bulk density is 0.1 to 0.4 g/cm.'}2. The resin-impregnated fiber bundle according to claim 1 , wherein the average flatness ratio (D1/D2) is 1.5 to 8.0.3. The resin-impregnated fiber bundle according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber material (A) is selected from a carbon fiber claim 1 , a glass fiber and an aramid fiber.4. A compression molded article composed of the resin-impregnated fiber bundles according to claim 1 , wherein:the compression molded article is in such a form that, in a state where a required amount of resin-impregnated fiber bundles is randomly arranged, contacting resin-impregnated fiber bundles are fused with each other; and{'sup': '3', 'the compression molded article has a thickness of 1.5 to 10 mm and a density of 1.10 to 1.80 g/cm.'}5. A compression molded article composed of the resin-impregnated fiber bundle according to claim 1 , wherein:the compression molded article is in such a form that, in a state where a required amount of resin-impregnated fiber bundles is three-dimensionally and randomly arranged in a plane direction and in a direction oblique to the plane direction, contacting resin-impregnated fiber bundles ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING BULKED CONTINUOUS FILAMENT

A method of recycling PET into PET nurdles, comprises: (A) grinding recycled PET bottles into a group of flakes; (B) washing the flakes; (C) identifying and removing impurities, including impure flakes, from the group of flakes; (D) passing the group of flakes through an MRS extruder while maintaining the pressure within the MRS portion of the MRS extruder below about 18 millibars; (E) passing the resulting polymer melt through at least one filter having a micron rating of less than about 50 microns; and (F) forming the recycled polymer into PET nurdles. In various embodiments, the polymer melt is formed into PET nurdles using any suitable technique such as, for example, any suitable strand pelletizing or melt pelletizing techniques. 1. A method of manufacturing PET nurdles , said method comprising: (i) a first satellite screw extruder, said first satellite screw extruder comprising a first satellite screw that is mounted to rotate about a central axis of said first satellite screw;', '(ii) a second satellite screw extruder, said second satellite screw extruder comprising a second satellite screw that is mounted to rotate about a central axis of said second satellite screw; and', '(iii) a pressure regulation system that is adapted to maintain a pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders below about 18 millibars;, 'providing a multi-screw extruder that comprisesusing said pressure regulation system to reduce a pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders to below about 18 millibars;while maintaining said pressure within said first and second satellite screw extruders below about 18 millibars, passing a melt comprising recycled polymer through said multi-screw extruder so that: (1) a first portion of said melt passes through said first satellite screw extruder, and (2) a second portion of said melt passes through said second satellite screw extruder;after said step of passing said melt of recycled polymer through said multi- ...

LIGNIN DISPERSION COMPOSITION AND ITS USE IN STABILIZING EMULSIONS

A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns. Also described herein is a method of producing the lignin dispersion, by: (i) dissolving lignin in an organic solvent substantially devoid of water yet miscible with water to result in a solution of the lignin in the organic solvent; and (ii) producing the lignin dispersion by dialyzing the solution of the lignin with water until substantially all of the organic solvent is replaced with water with simultaneous formation of spherical lignin particles dispersed in the water. Also described herein is a method for stabilizing an emulsion by intimately mixing the emulsion with the lignin dispersion. Also described herein is a hierarchical assembly of porous microparticles produced by mixing the lignin dispersion with an emulsion and an amphiphilic block copolymer. 1. A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not contain a surfactant.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium is at least 95 vol % water.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium contains a water-miscible organic solvent in an amount of up to 1 vol %.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 200 nm to 2 microns.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a median particle size within a range of 400 nm to 4.9 microns and a maximum deviation from said median particle size of ±100 nm.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a ...

PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN PARTICLES

The invention relates to a method for producing lignin particles, comprising the steps of: a) extracting lignin from a lignincontaining starter material, using a mixture that comprises at least one organic solvent and water, and b) precipitating the lignin in the solution from step a). 1. A process for the production of lignin particles , comprising the steps of:a) extracting lignin from a lignin-containing starting material by using a mixture comprising at least one organic solvent and water, andb) precipitating the lignin in solution from step a).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein insoluble components present in the solution from step a) are removed prior to step b).3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solution for precipitation in step b) comprises a maximum of 1% of insoluble components.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step b) claim 1 , the lignin in solution is precipitated by decreasing the pH and/or by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein organic solvent is removed from the lignin-containing organic solvent/water mixture at a rate of 0.1 to 2% by weight/min.6. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a pressure of 50 to 500 mbar claim 4 , in order to precipitate lignin particles.7. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a temperature of 20° C. to 60° C.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein prior to precipitating it out claim 1 , the lignin in solution is adjusted to 0.1 to 50 g of lignin/L of organic solvent/water mixture.9. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the pH of the organic solvent/water mixture upon precipitation of the lignin by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture is decreased by adding a water-acid mixture with a pH of 1 to 6.10. The process ...

SOIL AMENDMENT WITH CARPET ADHESIVE GRANULES

Methods of amending soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction are provided. The method includes providing a carpet product. The method further includes separating the carpet product into fiber and granules. The method also includes adding the granules to the soil. The method can also include impacting the carpet product with a rotary impact separator. The method can also include impacting the carpet product with a hammer mill. 1. A method of amending soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction comprising:providing a carpet product;separating the carpet product into fiber and granules;adding the granules to the soil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the granules are added to one or more of an arena claim 1 , a track claim 1 , a show grounds claim 1 , or a field.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the granules are added to an area which is one or more of existing turf or seeded to grow turf.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the granules comprise between about 0.1 to about 50 volume percent of the amended soil mixture.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein after separating the carpet product into fiber and granules claim 1 , screening the granules to remove 50% or more of the granules having a size that is less than about 100 microns.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to adding the granules to the soil claim 1 , treating the granules with a cationic claim 1 , anionic claim 1 , or non-ionic surfactant.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to adding the granules to the soil claim 1 , admixing the granules with one or more of a grass seed or a fertilizer blend.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the granules are used as a carrier for one or more of a fertilizer claim 1 , a pesticide claim 1 , a herbicide claim 1 , or a fragrance.9. A method of amending soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction comprising:providing a carpet product;impacting the carpet product with a hammer mill;after impacting the carpet product, delivering the carpet product to a screen ...

Battery Flow Frame Material Formulation

Disclosed herein are formulation components for the manufacturing of a flow frame structure that can be integrated in flowing electrolyte batteries. These formulation components for manufacturing flow frames may include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, glass fiber, a coupling agent and an elastomer. A mixing and extrusion process may be employed to formulate the material and produce pre-formulated pellets for the manufacturing of flow frames. As flow frames may be integrated with electrodes (or membranes), the disclosed flow frame formulation may achieve a desired Melt Flow Index (MFI) range and may allow an improved bonding between electrodes (or membranes) and flow frame, therefore, simplifying manufacturing process and achieving higher performance and longer lifetime of flowing electrolyte batteries. 1. A composition for use in forming a flow frame for an electrolyte flow battery , the composition comprising:a. polypropylene;b. a fibrous material;c. a coupling agent; andd. an elastomer.2. The composition of wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow index (MFI) between 25 to 60 g/10 min @ 230° C.3. The composition of wherein the composition comprises:a. between about 65% wt to about 90% wt of polypropylene;b. between about 5% wt to about 15% wt of glass fiber;c. between about 0.5% wt to about 7.0% wt of a coupling agent; andd. between about 3% wt to about 15% wt of an elastomer.4. The composition of wherein the composition comprises:a. about 70% wt of polypropylene;b. about 15% wt of glass fiber;c. about 5% wt of coupling agent; andd. about 10% wt of elastomer.5. The composition of wherein the final MFI of the composition is between 30 and 60 g/10 min at 230° C.6. The composition of wherein the polypropylene is polypropylene selected from the group consisting of a single type of polypropylene or a blend of low MFI polypropylene and high MFI polypropylene.7. The composition of further comprising materials capable of improving an insert molding bond between ...

Pipe Supporting Device and Method of Manufacture Thereof

A pipe supporting device is used to support an exposed pipe on a roof. The device includes a base which is formed of a crumb rubber waste product having a flat bottom for resting on the roof, an upright member of a length which is connectable to the base and a pipe receiving portion which is connectable to the upright member for receiving and supporting the exposed pipe. The length of the upright member can be altered by a user at a job site to thereby provide a device having a desired overall height. The crumb rubber base forms a mat surface which is of sufficient area to support the upright components of the device without requiring that the base be glued to the roof surface.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SOLUTION OF LIGNIN IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

The present invention relates to a process for lignin dissolution in which partial methylolation of lignin is carried out during the step of preparing a solution of lignin in an aqueous medium comprising alkali. The lignin prepared according to the process of the present invention can be used to manufacture lignin-based phenolic resins, which are particularly useful in the manufacture of laminates. 1. A method for dissolving lignin in an aqueous medium comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of lignin in the aqueous medium has been obtained;wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin monomer is 0.4 or less.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin is in the range of from 0.01 to 0.3.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin is in the range of from 0.01 to 0.2.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has been isolated and/or purified before step a).5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the lignin has been isolated from black liquor before step a).6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide or a mixture thereof.7. A method for preparing a resin comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of lignin in the aqueous medium has been obtained;c) keeping the mixture obtained in step b) at a temperature in the range of from 30° C. to 95° C. and;d) adding additional formaldehyde and phenol ande) maintaining the mixture at a temperature of from 30° C. to 95° C. for at least 30 minutes;wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin in step a) is 0.4 or less.8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin in step a) is from 0.01 to 0. ...

THERMALLY STABILIZED COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to heat-stabilized polyamide 66-based compositions containing reinforcing materials based on at least one semiaromatic polyamide, at least one phenolic antioxidant and at least one polyhydric alcohol, to molding materials producible therefrom and in turn to injection-molded, blow-molded or extruded articles of manufacture producible therefrom. 1. A composition comprising:A) polyamide 66,B) at least one semiaromatic polyamide,C) at least one phenolic antioxidant,D) at least one polyhydric alcohol, and 'with the proviso that A) and B) do not form a copolymer.', 'E) at least one reinforcing material,'}2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein based on 100 parts by mass of the component A) 6.0 to 50.0 parts by mass of the component B) claim 1 , 0.01 to 0.30 parts by mass of the component C) claim 1 , 1 to 5 parts by mass of the component D) and 17.5 to 185 parts by mass of the component E).4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component C) comprises 1 claim 1 ,6-bis(3 claim 1 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamido)hexane.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising F) at least one demolding agent.6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising G) at least one further additive distinct from components B) to F).7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the semiaromatic polyamides employed are based on isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine.8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component D) comprises a polyhydric alcohol having more than two hydroxyl groups.9. The composition as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the polyhydric alcohol is selected from the group of dipentaerythritol claim 8 , tripentaerythritol claim 8 , pentaerythritol and mixtures thereof.10. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein component E) is selected from the group of carbon fibers claim 1 , glass spheres claim 1 , solid or hollow glass spheres claim 1 , ground glass ...

PELLET BASED TOOLING AND PROCESS FOR BIODEGRADEABLE COMPONENT

An example method of forming a biodegradable component includes extruding a mixture of biodegradable material and water through a die. The method further includes dividing the extruded mixture to form a plurality of biodegradable pellets. The method further includes forming the plurality of biodegradable pellets into a component. The water acts as a binding agent to bind the plurality of biodegradable pellets to one another. 1. A method of forming a biodegradable component , the method comprising:extruding a mixture of biodegradable material and water through a die;dividing the extruded mixture to form a plurality of biodegradable pellets; andforming the plurality of biodegradable pellets into a component, wherein the water acts as a binding agent to bind the plurality of biodegradable pellets to one another.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the plurality of biodegradable pellets to a temperature below the freezing temperature of water prior to the forming step.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cooling reduces a tackiness of the plurality of biodegradable pellets.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cooling is accomplished by exposing the plurality of biodegradable pellets to a liquid nitrogen environment.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of biodegradable pellets are heated to a temperature above the freezing temperature of water during the forming step.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the heating and forming is done in a mold.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable material is a starch-based biodegradable material.8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising adding an additive to the starch-based biodegradable material prior to the extruding step claim 7 , wherein the additive enhances the expansion properties of the starch-based biodegradable material.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the additive is selected from the group of an acid/base mixture claim 7 , heat-expandable thermoplastic microspheres claim ...

Feed roll for strand pelletizers and method for producing such a roll

A feed roll for a strand pelletizer and a method for producing the feed roll for a strand pelletizer. The feed roll comprises a metallic roll core and a sheathing located on the metallic roll core. The sheathing can comprise a plastic material and at least one metal mesh. The feed roll can be produced by: providing a metallic roll core, arranging a metallic mesh on the roll core, and molding over the metallic mesh with a plastic material to form the sheathing.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DIENE-BASED GRAFT COPOLYMER RESIN AND DIENE-BASED GRAFT COPOLYMER RESIN

The present invention relates to a method for producing a diene-based graft copolymer resin, and a diene-based graft copolymer resin produced therefrom, the method including: mixing an aromatic vinyl-based monomer, a diene-based rubber polymer, and a polymerization initiator to prepare a first reactant; mixing a vinyl cyan-based monomer and an antioxidant to prepare a second reactant; adding and polymerizing the first reactant and the second reactant into a polymerization reactor to prepare a polymer; and removing unreacted monomers in a devolatilization tank.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GRANULATING MELTED MATERIAL

A device and method for producing pellets from a melt material. The device comprises a perforated plate with nozzles from which a melt material emerges. The device further comprises a cutting chamber in a housing adjoining the perforated plate and enclosing at least a part of a cutter arrangement. A gaseous coolant, cooled through adiabatic expansion by means of a throttling device, flows through the cutting chamber such that pellets of the melt material are solidified. The gaseous coolant is introduced into the cutting chamber from an inlet apparatus and the gaseous coolant and the pellets located therein are conveyed to an outlet of the cutting chamber. 1. A method for producing pellets from a melt material comprising:a. flowing a melt material from nozzles in a perforated plate;b. granulating the melt material;c. cutting pellets of the melt material using a motor-driven cutter arrangement having at least one blade, wherein the motor-driven cutter arrangement is located opposite the perforated plate so that the at least one blade passes over the nozzles;d. providing a cutting chamber in a housing, wherein the cutting chamber adjoins the perforated plate and encloses at least the at least one blade of the cutter arrangement;e. flowing a gaseous coolant from an inlet apparatus to solidify the pellets of the melt material; andf. cooling the gaseous coolant through adiabatic expansion by means of a throttling device.2. The method for producing pellets of claim 1 , wherein the adiabatic expansion is accomplished by means of the inlet apparatus implemented as a throttling device when the gaseous coolant enters the cutting chamber.3. The method for producing pellets of claim 1 , wherein the adiabatic expansion is accomplished by means of an upstream throttling device before the gaseous coolant enters the cutting chamber.4. The method for producing pellets of claim 1 , wherein the inlet apparatus is a separate inlet chamber that circumferentially encloses the cutting ...

Process to Make High Density Ethylene-Based Polymer Compositions with High Melt Strength

A process for producing a composition comprising A) an ethylene-based polymer that has a density greater than, or equal to, 0.940 g/cc, and B) an ethylene homopolymer formed by polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a free-radical, high pressure polymerization process includes adding component (A) to a molten stream of component (B) after component (B) exits the separator and before component (B) is solidified in the pelletizer. A polymerization configuration for producing the composition includes at least one reactor, at least one separator, at least one pelletizer, and a device used to feed component (A), in the molten state, to a molten stream of component (B) before the pelletizer. The composition has a ratio of the melt strength of the composition to the melt strength of component (B) is greater than or equal to 1.04 and a density of greater than 0.920 g/cc. 1. A process for producing a composition comprising the following:A) an ethylene-based polymer that has a density greater than, or equal to, 0.940 g/cc, andB) an ethylene homopolymer, formed by polymerizing a reaction mixture comprising ethylene, using a free-radical, high pressure polymerization process; andwherein component (B) is polymerized in a polymerization configuration comprising at least one reactor, at least one separator, and at least one pelletizer, andwherein component (A) is added to a molten stream of component (B), after component (B) exits the separator and before component (B) is solidified in the pelletizer.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reactor is a tubular reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ethylene-based polymer of component (A) is added to the molten stream of component (B) using a side-arm extruder.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein component (A) and component (B) are mixed in at least one static mixer before the pelletizer.5. A polymerization configuration for producing a composition comprising the following:A) an ethylene- ...

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING PLASTIC MATERIAL

Disclosed is a device and a method for processing plastic material with at least one receiving container, wherein at least one mixing and/or comminution tool, rotatable about a rotation axis, is arranged, for mixing and warming the plastic material, and with at least one conveyor for discharging the plastic material from the receiving container, with at least one screw rotating in a housing, where the conveyor is connected, at its material inlet side via an opening which is formed in a side wall of the receiving container, with the interior of the receiving container. An imaginary extension of the central longitudinal axis of the conveyor extends, against the conveyance direction of the conveyor, past the rotation axis of the receiving container, without intersecting this axis, where the longitudinal axis of the conveyor is offset by a separation relative to the radial ray of the receiving container on the discharge side. 1. A device for treating plastic materials , comprising:{'b': 1', '3', '10, 'at least one receiving container () in which at least one mixing and/or comminution tool () which is rotatable around a rotational axis () is disposed for mixing said plastic materials, and'}{'b': 5', '1', '5', '6', '16', '5', '1', '8', '9', '1', '15', '5', '6', '17', '5', '10', '1', '15', '5', '6', '12', '3', '18', '11', '1', '15', '17', '5', '10', '3, 'at least one conveyor () for transporting the plastic materials out of the receiving container (), said conveyor () having at least one screw () rotating in a housing () and, said conveyor () being connected at its material input side to the interior of the receiving container () via an opening () formed in a lateral wall () of said receiving container (), wherein the central longitudinal axis () of the conveyor () and of the screw () extends in a direction opposite the conveying direction () of the conveyor () and past the rotational axis () of the receiving container () without intersecting it, said central longitudinal ...

PROCESS FOR ROTARY DIE CUTTING OF RECLAIMED POLYESTER

A method for rotary die cutting. The method may include providing, to an accumulator, an input comprising a melt. The method may include processing, by the accumulator utilizing a set of rolls, the melt to form a sheet of material. The method may include providing, from the accumulator, the sheet of material to a dandy roll. The method may include providing, from the dandy roll, the sheet of material to a rotary die. The method may include cutting, by the rotary die, a product from the sheet of material. The method may include providing, from the rotary die, the product to a stacker. 1. A method for rotary die cutting , the method comprising:providing, to an accumulator, an input comprising a melt;processing, by the accumulator utilizing a set of rolls, the melt to form a sheet of material;providing, from the accumulator, the sheet of material to a dandy roll;providing, from the dandy roll, the sheet of material to a rotary die;cutting, by the rotary die, a product from the sheet of material; andproviding, from the rotary die, the product to a stacker.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the input is provided from a reactor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the input is provided from an extruder.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the input comprises post-consumer flake or resin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or virgin flake or resin PET.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:stacking, by the stacker, the product with one or more other products; and processing the product after the product is stacked,', 'including the product into one or more other products, or', 'packaging the product., 'at least one of6. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:providing, from the rotary die, scrap resulting from cutting the product from the sheet of material to a skeleton roll.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:re-processing the scrap into a new input for provisioning to the accumulator.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the accumulator is ...

NOZZLE PLATE FOR A GRANULATING DEVICE, AND GRANULATING DEVICE HAVING A NOZZLE PLATE

A nozzle plate for a granulating device. The nozzle plate has a plurality of nozzles for the passage of melt, wherein the nozzles are arranged such that they lie on a circle about a center axis. Each nozzle has a nozzle channel and at least one nozzle opening. A recess for receiving a melt flow is formed on the surface of the nozzle plate opposite the surface comprising the nozzle opening. The recess can also be centered on the center axis. A plurality of flow channels in fluid communication with the recess and at least one flow channel are formed in the nozzle plate extending radially away from the center. A granulating device having such a nozzle plate. 1. A nozzle plate for a granulating device , comprising: (i) a nozzle channel;', '(ii) at least one nozzle opening;, 'a. a plurality of nozzles for the passage of melt, wherein each nozzle is located substantially on a circle about a center axis (M), and further wherein each nozzle comprisesb. a recess for receiving a melt flow formed on the nozzle plate on a surface opposite a surface comprising the plurality of nozzles, wherein the recess is centered around a center axis; andc. a plurality of flow channels in fluid communication with the recess which radially extend to at least one nozzle of the plurality of nozzles.2. The nozzle plate of claim 1 , wherein a longitudinal axis of each flow channel is substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle channel with which the flow channel is in fluid communication.3. The nozzle plate of claim 1 , wherein a longitudinal axis of each flow channel is substantially perpendicular to a direction along which the melt flow is directed to the recess.4. The nozzle plate of claim 1 , wherein each nozzle of the plurality of nozzles equidistant to an adjacent nozzle.5. The nozzle plate of claim 1 , wherein each flow channel has a width equal to the diameter of the nozzle channel with which the flow channel is in fluid communication.6. The nozzle plate of claim 1 , ...

GRANULATION DEVICE

A granulating device for granulating thermoplastic materials. The device has a die head, a cutting chamber housing, and at least one insulating element comprising thermally insulating material. The insulating element is situated between a die head element and a cutting chamber housing element. At least one tempering device situated between the insulating element and cutting chamber housing element or adjacent to the insulating element is provided. The tempering device acts to remove unwanted heat introduced in its vicinity, or to replenish heat undesirably removed from its vicinity. 1. A device for granulating thermoplastic materials , comprising:a. a die head;b. a cutting chamber housing;c. at least one insulating element comprising a thermally insulating material, wherein the at least one insulating element is situated between a die head element and a cutting chamber housing element; andd. at least one tempering device situated proximately to the insulating element.2. The device for granulating thermoplastic materials of claim 1 , wherein the at least one tempering device has one or more conduits for allowing a tempered heat transfer fluid to flow through.3. The device for granulating thermoplastic materials of claim 2 , wherein the tempered heat transfer fluid is: water claim 2 , a heat transfer oil claim 2 , air claim 2 , or a gas.4. The device for granulating thermoplastic materials of claim 1 , wherein the tempering device comprises at least one electrical Peltier element.5. The device for granulating thermoplastic materials of claim 1 , wherein the cutting chamber housing element is a connecting flange section of the cutting chamber housing.6. The device for granulating thermoplastic materials of claim 5 , wherein the at least one insulating element is a ring comprising insulating material on an annular surface of the connecting flange section in order to thermally insulate the connecting flange section from an annular gap between the connecting flange ...

DEVICE FOR GRANULATING MELT MATERIAL

A device for producing pellets from a melt material. The device can have a perforated plate with nozzles from which a melt material emerges. Located opposite the perforated plate is a cutting chamber with a motor-driven cutter arrangement having a cutter head with at least one blade, and a cutter shaft. A coolant is introduced into the cutting chamber from an inlet apparatus. The inlet apparatus has a separate inlet chamber that circumferentially encloses the cutting chamber in the area of rotation of the at least one blade, and has an adjustable annular inlet nozzle arrangement. Coolant is introduced into the cutting chamber circumferentially and substantially radially inward from the outside. A substantially centripetal flow of the coolant is produced in the area of rotation, and the coolant and the pellets are conveyed to an outlet of the cutting chamber. 1. A device for producing pellets from a melt material , comprising:a. a perforated plate comprising a plurality of nozzles from which a melt material emerges;b. a motor-driven cutter arrangement located opposite the perforated plate comprising a cutter head, wherein the cutter head comprises at least one blade and a cutter shaft, adapted for the at least one blade to pass over the plurality of nozzles in a rotating manner, thereby cutting the melt material into pellets;c. a cutting chamber located within a housing, wherein the cutting chamber adjoins the perforated plate and encloses the at least one blade of the cutter head; and (i) an inlet chamber that circumferentially encloses the cutting chamber in an area of a rotation of the at least one blade; and', '(ii) an inlet nozzle arrangement in fluid communication with the inlet chamber and the cutting chamber, wherein the inlet nozzle arrangement introduces the coolant to the cutting chamber circumferentially and substantially radially inward, and further wherein the inlet nozzle arrangement is an annular slot nozzle with an adjustable slot width; and, 'd. an ...

Methods and systems for a waste management system

Systems and methods for an automated device that reduces a footprint of a bottle by moving linearly moving and rotating the bottle, while a blade cuts a body of the bottle into a continuous strip.

DEVICE FOR COOLING PARTICULATE MATERIALS

Disclosed is a device for cooling particulate materials or particles, in particular granulates of polymeric materials, having an outer container with an, in particular frustoconical, outer shell surface and an inner container, which is arranged at least in sections in the interior of the outer container, with an, in particular frustoconical, inner shell surface, wherein an intermediate space is formed between the outer shell surface and the inner shell surface, wherein an inlet equipment for introducing a gas flow as well as the particles into the intermediate space is provided in an inlet-side initial region of the device, and wherein an outlet opening for the particles is provided in an outlet-side end region of the device opposite the inlet equipment, wherein the inlet equipment is so arranged and/or designed that the gas flow as well as the particles can be introduced substantially tangentially into the intermediate space. 121.-. (canceled)22. A device for cooling particulate materials or particles , in particular granulates of polymeric materials , comprising{'b': 2', '3, 'an outer container () with an outer, in particular frustoconical, outer shell surface () and'}{'b': 4', '2', '5, 'an inner container (), which is arranged at least in sections in the interior of the outer container (), with an, in particular frustoconical, inner shell surface (),'}{'b': 6', '3', '5, 'wherein an intermediate space () is formed between the outer shell surface () and the inner shell surface (),'}{'b': 7', '6', '11', '1, 'wherein an inlet equipment () for introducing a gas flow and the particles into the intermediate space () is provided in an inlet-side initial region () of the device (), and'}{'b': 15', '12', '1', '7, 'wherein an outlet opening () for the particles is provided in an outlet-side end region () of the device () opposite the inlet equipment (),'}{'b': 7', '6, 'wherein the inlet equipment () is arranged and/or designed in such a way that the gas flow and the ...

Systems and processes for recovery of mixed multi-plastic and natural fiber

Methods, systems and agglomerators for recovering mixed multi-plastic and natural fiber are described. The systems, methods, and the agglomerator operate at low temperatures to avoid degradation of the plastic film. The agglomerator includes cutting discs that are adjustable.

AQUEOUS LIGNIN AND HEMICELLULOSE DISPERSION

A stable aqueous dispersion of solids in a liquid medium includes from 10 to 50 weight % (or 10 to 40 or 15 to 35 or 20 to 35 weight %), with respect to the total weight of the composition, of solids comprising a mixture of condensed and non-condensed lignin in an amount of at least 10 weight % (or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 weight %) of the solids, and hemicellulose in an amount of at least 1 weight % (or 5 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 weight %) of the solids, in a substantially aqueous liquid medium. 1. A stable aqueous dispersion comprising:from 10 to 50 weight % (or 10 to 40 or 15 to 35 or 20 to 35 weight %) with respect to the total weight of the composition, solids stably dispersed in a liquid medium; (i) lignin in an amount of at least 10 weight % (or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 weight %) of the solids, and', '(ii) hemicellulose in an amount of at least 1 weight % (or 5 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 weight %) of the solids,, 'wherein the solids comprises a. water, and', 'b. less than 5% by volume (or 2.5 or 1% by volume) with respect to the liquid medium of a C1-C10 alcohol,, 'wherein the liquid medium comprises'}wherein the dispersion comprises less than 500 parts per million (ppm) (or 200, or 100 or 50 ppm) of sulfur, andwherein the dispersion further comprises at least one basic compound and has a pH in the range of 8.0 to 11.2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises less than 50 weight % (or 40 or 30 or 20 or 10 weight %) of condensed oligomers/polymers claim 1 , and 50% weight % (or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 weight %) or greater of non-condensed monomers/oligomers/polymers.3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the solids comprise less than 5 weight % (or 2.5 or 1 or 0.5 weight %) solids of any of the monosaccharides selected from the group of xylose claim 1 , mannose claim 1 , galactose claim 1 , rhamnose claim 1 , and arabinose.4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the basic compound comprises at least one of an alkali metal carbonate and bicarbonate claim 1 , ...

CABLE TIE EMPLOYING COMPOSITE OF NYLON AND CARBON NANOTUBES

Cable ties employing a composite of nylon and carbon nanotubes. 1. A cable tie comprising a composite of a polymer and carbon nanotubes.2. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is nylon.3. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is nylon 6 claim 1 ,6.4. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is nylon 6.5. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are chemically functionalized.6. The cable tie of claim 1 , further comprising nylon 6 claim 1 ,6 resin.7. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are present in the composite in an amount between 0.05 wt % and 20 wt %.8. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are present in the cable tie in an amount between 0.05 wt % and 0.5 wt %.9. The cable tie of claim 1 , further comprising carbon fibers.101. The cable tie of claim 9 , wherein the carbon fibers are present in an amount of between wt % and 10 wt %.11. The cable tie of claim 1 , wherein the cable tie exhibits an increase in tensile strength of 20% or greater compared with a cable tie consisting of nylon 6 claim 1 ,6 matrix.12. A method of preparing a cable tie comprising the steps of:dispersing carbon nanotubes into a polymer matrix via a process selected from a solution composition, melt composition, and in-situ composition technique such that a composite is formed, wherein the composite comprises carbon nanotubes in an amount from 0.05 wt % and 20 wt %;extruding or molding the composite to form particles;melting particles of the composite, optionally with nylon 6,6 resin, to form a molten material; andmolding the cable tie from the molten material.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cable tie comprises carbon nanotubes in an amount between 0.05 wt % and 0.5 wt %.14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising dispersing carbon fibers in the polymer matrix.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon fibers are present in the polymer matrix in an amount between 1 wt % and 10 wt %.16. The ...

POLYPROPYLENE-BASED RESIN EXPANDED BEADS, AND POLYPROPYLENE-BASED RESIN EXPANDED BEADS MOLDED ARTICLE

An electrostatic dissipative, polypropylene-based resin expanded bead having an expanded core layer of a polypropylene-based resin, and a cover layer that covers the expanded core layer and that is composed of a mixed resin containing electrically conductive carbon black, wherein the mixed resin includes a polypropylene resin which forms a continuous phase and a polyethylene resin which forms dispersed phases dispersed in the continuous phase, with the electrically conductive carbon black being unevenly distributed to the dispersed phases side. In-mold molding of the expanded beads gave a molded article. 15-. (canceled)6. An electrostatic dissipative , polypropylene-based resin expanded bead comprising an expanded core layer comprising a polypropylene-based resin , and a cover layer that covers the expanded core layer and that comprises a mixed resin containing electrically conductive carbon black ,wherein the mixed resin comprises a polypropylene resin which forms a continuous phase and a polyethylene resin which forms dispersed phases dispersed in the continuous phase,the electrically conductive carbon black is unevenly distributed to the dispersed phases side and present in an amount of 5 to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a total amount of the polypropylene resin and the polyethylene resin,the polypropylene resin and the polyethylene resin are present in such a proportion as to provide a weight ratio of the polypropylene resin to the polyethylene resin which is 99.5:0.5 to 50:50, and{'sup': '3', 'the expanded bead has an apparent density of 10 to 120 kg/m.'}7. The polypropylene-based resin expanded bead according to claim 6 , wherein the cover layer has an average thickness of 0.2 μm or more.8. The polypropylene-based resin expanded bead according to claim 6 , wherein the electrically conductive carbon black is Ketjen black and present in an amount of 5 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the polypropylene resin and ...

Polyols for thermoset and thermoplastic applications of lignin

A composition comprising: lignin, a polyol carrier compound and an isocyanate is disclosed. The lignin being mixed with the polyol carrier compound. The polyol carrier compound is selected from the group consisting of TCPP, TECP, TMCP, TDCP, etholoxylated and propoxylated phenols, tris-chloroisopropyl phosphate, amino methyl propanol , glycerin carbonate, polyether modified polysiloxanes, bromophthalic anhydride derivatives, propanediols; bromine, chlorine and/or phosphorus based fire retardents, epoxies, glycerins, sugar, glycols, certain natural oil based polyols and ethoxylated and or propoxylated alcohols. The lignin-polyol carrier compound mixture is reacted with the isocyanate producing a foam, plastic or other material. For a thermoplastic solid the same polyol carrier compounds are used but in higher percentages of lignin.

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR PROCESSING PLASTIC, AND PLASTIC PROCESSED THEREFROM

There is provided with a system [] for processing plastic wherein, in use, the system is adapted for the frictional heating of the plastic. 149-. (canceled)50. A system for processing plastic wherein , in use , the system is adapted for the frictional heating of the plastic , the system comprising:a frictional heater adapted in use to bear against the plastic;wherein the frictional heater is substantially cylindrical and comprises a plurality of molten plastic conduits arranged radially and substantially perpendicular an axis of rotation of the frictional heater;the plurality of molten plastic conduits being adapted to allow molten plastic to enter substantially within the cylinder; andwherein the frictional heater is configured to allow molten plastic to flow from within the frictional heater under gravity.51. A system as claimed in claim 50 , wherein the frictional heater is adapted to rotate at sufficient speed to cause intimate mixing.52. A system as claimed in claim 50 , wherein the frictional heater is adapted to rotate at a speed conducive to melting the plastic to form a homogeneous mixture and permit the homogenous mixture to enter the cylinder through the plurality of molten plastic conduits.53. A system as claimed in claim 50 , wherein the frictional heater has an axis of rotation and wherein the frictional heater is adapted to bear against the plastic substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.54. A system as claimed in claim 50 , wherein the frictional heater is adapted to heat the plastic to greater than 80° C.55. A system as claimed in claim 50 , further comprising an output adapted to allow the molten plastic to flow therefrom in use.56. A system as claimed in claim 50 , further comprising a chamber having an input and being adapted to confine the plastic and direct the plastic towards the frictional heater in use.57. A system as claimed in claim 56 , further comprising a pusher located within the chamber and wherein the pusher is adapted to ...

COMPOSTABLE OR BIOBASED FOAMS

The present invention describes compostable or biobased foams that are useful for fabricating foamed articles and methods for producing the same. The foams are produced using a compound comprising a compostable or biobased polyester and a blowing agent. Additives including plasticizers and chain extenders are optionally included in the compostable or biobased composition. These foams can be produced using conventional melt processing techniques, such as single and twin-screw extrusion processes. In one embodiment, foamed strand profiles are cooled and cut using conventional strand pelletizing equipment. In another embodiment, foamed beads are produced by cutting the foamed strand at the face of the extrusion die and the foamed bead or strand is subsequently cooled. The resulting compostable or biobased foamed bead has a specific gravity less than 0.15 g/cmand the foam is compostable, as determined by ASTM D6400. 1. A method of making compostable or biobased foam beads comprising:mixing a biobased polymer and a physical blowing agent that does not contain a volatile organic component in an extruder wherein the extruder has a temperature that is above a melting point of the biobased polymer and wherein a biobased polymer melt is formed;extruding the biobased polymer melt by forcing the melt through an extrusion die opening to form an extrudate wherein the temperature at an exit of the extrusion die is about 30-50° C. lower than the melting temperature of the compostable or biobased polymer melt wherein the blowing agent expands within the extrudate upon exiting the extrusion die opening; andcutting the extrudate at the face of the die to produce biobased foam beads.2. The method of further comprising cooling the extrudate after exiting the extruder by contacting the extrudate with a cooling agent selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , water vapor claim 1 , air claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and nitrogen gas.3. The method of further comprising ...