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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 2425. Отображено 100.
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Номер: US20120282467A1
Автор: Kiran Kadam, Krishnan V. Iyer, Michel A. Simard
Принадлежит: Renmatix Inc

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

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Номер записи: 1
07-02-2013 дата публикации

Coalescence of emulsions

Номер: US20130035266A1
Автор: Annette Faith Dexter
Принадлежит: PEPFACTANTS PTY LTD

The invention relates to methods of controlling the stability of emulsions to coalescence and phase separation. Use of chaotropic counterions to promote coalescence and/or phase separation of emulsions stabilized by ionic surfactants is described.

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Номер записи: 2
04-04-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIGNINS AND SUGARS FROM AN EXTRACTION LIQUOR

Номер: US20130085269A1
Автор: BENJELLOUN MLAYAH Bouchra, DELMAS Michel
Принадлежит:

A process for the separation of lignins and sugars from an extracted liquor, including, in the form of dry matter (DM), lignins and sugars, includes: a) concentrating the extracted liquor, in order to obtain a liquor having dry matter in a proportion of between 60 and 70%; b) mixing the concentrated liquor with water in equal parts by weight; c) stirring the mixture in order to disperse the lignins and to obtain a stable suspending of the lignins; d) filtering the solution, wherein the mixing is carried out by introducing the concentrated liquor into the water; and the temperature of the solution, during the suspending, is between 50° C. and 60° C. 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said stirring of the solution is carried out by rotating.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the filtration stage d) claim 1 , the filtered material is dried in order to obtain lignins as a powder claim 1 , the size of the particles of which is between 20 and 50 microns.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said dry matter comprises claim 1 , by weight claim 1 , approximately 50% of lignins and approximately 50% of sugars and other products.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , at 50° C. claim 1 , the viscosity of the solution is equal to approximately 0.26 Pa·s and the density of the solution is equal to approximately 1.074.6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the suspension obtained in stage c) is stable claim 1 , at ambient temperature claim 1 , for at least two hours.7. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said extracted liquor is obtained from a process for the production of paper pulp claim 1 , lignins claim 1 , sugars and acetic acid which comprises the successive stages consisting (i) in bringing together annual or perennial plants claim 1 , used in all or part claim 1 , which constitute the initial lignocellulose starting material ...

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Номер записи: 3
18-04-2013 дата публикации

HIGHLY EFFICIENT LIGNIN-BASED WATER-REDUCING AGENT WITH HIGH DEGREE OF SULFONATION AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20130096285A1
Автор: Lou Hongming, Ouyang Xinping, Pang Yuxia, Qiu Xueqing, Yang Dongjie, Yi Conghua
Принадлежит:

This invention discloses a high-performance lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight and its preparation method. This water reducer exhibits an excellent water-reducing performance, its water-reducing rate of this lignin-based water reducer reaches 25% at a dosage of 0.70 wt %, which is higher than that of the naphthalene-based water reducer and the sulfonated lignin water reducer prepared by oxidation and sulfonation of alkali lignin, and 28-days compressive strength ratio of the concrete with this water reducer to the concrete without this water reducer is up to 150:100. Furthermore, the water reducer of present invention will not be crystallized in winter, and the concrete iron won't be corroded. The water reducer of the present invention makes the concretes having a low bleeding rate, excellent properties of workability, anti-freeze and anti-carbonization. 1. A process for preparing a lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight consists of following steps:(1) adding industrial lignin into water, enabling the concentration of said industrial lignin up to 30˜60% by weight, then adjusting the pH of solution to 9-14, and elevating the temperature of said solution to 50-100° C.;(2) adding dihydroxyketone into said industrial lignin solution, and keeping the reaction for 0.5 hour to 2 hours;(3) adding sulfonating agent into the above solution, and keeping the sulfonation reaction at temperature of 80-100° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours;(4) the lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight being yielded after the temperature being decreased to room temperature.2. The process according to claim 1 , the ratio of said industrial lignin: said dihydroxyketone: said sulfonating agent is 100:20-50:30-200 by weight.3. The process according to claim 1 , said industrial lignin is one or more agents selected from wood pulp alkali lignin claim 1 , bamboo pulp ...

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Номер записи: 4
23-05-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF PRECIPITATED LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRECIPITATED LIGNIN PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS

Номер: US20130131326A1
Автор: Björk Maria, Englund Ingrid, Garoff Niklas, Hannus Mikael
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a process tor the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of providing a black liquor stream treating the black liquor at an increased temperature and precipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor. The present invention further relates to precipitated lignin produced according to the process and use of the precipitated lignin produced. 1. Process for the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of:providing a black liquor stream,treating the stream of black liquor at an increased temperature andprecipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor.2. Process according to wherein the lignin is precipitated by decreasing the pH of the black liquor.3. Process according to wherein the temperature of the black liquor is increased to 150-200° C. claim 1 , preferably 170-190° C.4. Process according to wherein the black liquor is treated at increased temperature for 1-60 minutes claim 1 , preferably 1-5 minutes.5. Process according to wherein pH of the black liquor is at least partly reduced before the heat treatment.6. Process according to wherein the black liquor before the heat treatment has a solid content of between 30-50% ts.7. Precipitated lignin produced according to the process described in .8. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the average molecular weight of the lignin is reduced.9. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the degree of impurity with respect to residual hemicellulose is reduced.10. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the filterability of the precipitated lignin is improved.11. A solution comprising a solvent and precipitated lignin according to wherein the solution has decreased viscosity and lower degree of impurity with respect to hemicellulose.12. The use of precipitated lignin according to in biorefinery-related applications or energy recovery.13. The use of ...

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Номер записи: 5
18-07-2013 дата публикации

THERMOPLASTIC LIGNIN FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBERS

Номер: US20130183227A1
Автор: Stüsgen Silke, Wohlmann Bernd, WÖLKI Michael
Принадлежит: TOHO TENAX EUROPE GMBH

A fusible lignin has a gas transition temperature in the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), an ash content of less than 1 wt. %, and a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 1 wt. %. Also provided is a precursor fiber based on the fusible lignin, as well as a method for the production thereof Also provided is a method for producing a carbon fiber from the precursor fiber. 1. A fusible lignin which has{'sub': 'G', 'a glass transition temperature Tin the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry according to DIN 53765-1994,'}a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography,an ash content of less than1 wt. %, determined according to DIN EN ISO 3451-1, and{'sub': 'G', 'a proportion of volatile components of at most 1 wt. %, determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.'}2. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal.3. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal and without shoulders.4. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 0.8 wt. % claim 1 , determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.5. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a glass transition temperature in the range between 110 and 150° C.6. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution has a dispersivity lower than 15.7. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusable lignin has an ash content ...

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Номер записи: 6
01-08-2013 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM ANNUAL FIBRE FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130197135A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A thermoplastic composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.7. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.8. A polyolefin composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.9. A method of producing an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the pulp;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp from the lignin rich pulp; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin, wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 9 , dilute acid hydrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 7
08-08-2013 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRECIPITATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20130203972A1
Автор: Miettinen Mauno
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

In a method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor black liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor () with a dwell time of less than 300s,—an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites () to lower the pH of black liquor,—the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin, the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, and lignin particles are separated from black liquor. 1. A method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor , in which method the pH of black liquor is lowered to the precipitation point of lignin and precipitated lignin is separated from black liquor , whereinblack liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor with a dwell time of less than 300s,an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites to lower the pH of black liquor,the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin,the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, andlignin particles are separated from black liquor .2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed in a turbulent manner after the addition of the acidifying agent to mix the acidifying agent into the flow.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by a static mixer.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by carbon dioxide to be led as the acidifying agent into the flow and/or by a secondary flow separated from the pressurized flow and led back to the flow.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is provided ...

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Номер записи: 8
08-08-2013 дата публикации

FERULOYL-CoA:MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE

Номер: US20130203973A1
Автор: Mansfield Shawn D., Ralph John, Wilkerson Curtis, Withers Saunia
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzyme that enables incorporation of monolignol ferulates, for example, including p-coumaryl ferulate, coniferyl ferulate, and sinapyl ferulate, into the lignin of plants. 1. A transgenic poplar plant comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase comprising a DNA with a SEQ ID NO:1 sequence.2. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase that can catalyze the synthesis of monolignol ferulate(s) from monolignol(s) and feruloyl-CoA.3. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 2 , wherein the monolignol is coniferyl alcohol claim 2 , p-coumaryl alcohol claim 2 , sinapyl alcohol or a combination thereof.4. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase polypeptide with a SEQ ID NO:2 sequence.5. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is operably linked to a promoter functional in a plant host cell.6. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 5 , wherein the promoter is a poplar xylem-specific secondary cell wall specific cellulose synthase 8 promoter or a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter.7. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is linked to a selectable marker gene.8. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased relative to an untransformed poplar plant.9. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 1% relative to an untransformed poplar plant.10. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 2-5% relative to an ...

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Номер записи: 9
15-08-2013 дата публикации

AQUEOUS BINDER COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130210967A1
Автор: Brand Christian, Kalbe Michael, Krueger Christian, MICHL Kathrin, Pfau Andreas, SCHILLING Holger, Schuetze Ulrich, Seibert Marcus
Принадлежит:

Aqueous binder composition for granular and/or fibrous substrates 1. An aqueous binder composition comprising as essential binder components ≧0.1 and ≦10 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one silicon-containing group, an epoxy, hydroxyalkyl, N-methylol or carbonyl group, and/or of at least one compound which has at least two nonconjugated ethylenically unsaturated groups (monomers A)', {'sub': 3', '6', '4', '6, '≧0 and <5 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated Cto Cmonocarboxylic and/or C-C-dicarboxylic acid and also the salts and anhydrides thereof (monomers B), and'}, '>85 and ≦99.9 wt % of further ethylenically unsaturated compounds, different from the monomers A and B, the nature and amount of these ethylenically unsaturated compounds being selected such that a polymer constructed solely from them in polymerized form would have a glass transition temperature in the range ≧10 and ≦50° C. (monomers C),', 'in polymerized form, wherein the amounts of monomers A to C sum to 100 wt %, and, 'a) at least one polymer P constructed from'}b) at least one lignin compound L, the amount of which is determined such that it is ≧10 and ≦60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer P.2. The aqueous binder composition according to wherein the at least one monomer A is selected from the group encompassing N-methylolacrylamide claim 1 , N-methylolmethacrylamide claim 1 , glycidyl acrylate claim 1 , glycidyl methacrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl methadrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-butylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , allyl methacrylate and/or divinylbenzene.3. The aqueous binder composition according to either one of or wherein the monomers C are selected from the group encompassing conjugated aliphatic Cto Cdienes claim 1 , esters of vinyl alcohol and a Cto Cmonocarboxylic acid claim 1 , Cto Calkyl acrylates claim 1 , Cto Calkyl methacrylates claim 1 , ethylenically unsaturated Cto ...

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Номер записи: 10
15-08-2013 дата публикации

CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130211056A1
Автор: BERLIN Alex
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides derivatives of native lignin suitable for production of carbon fibres wherein the derivatives of native lignin have a certain alkoxy content and/or a certain carbon content. The present lignin derivatives can have acceptable spinnability performance characteristics for producing carbon fibres having acceptable tensile strengths and acceptable modulus of elasticity.

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Номер записи: 11
22-08-2013 дата публикации

PREPARATION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20130217868A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a Calcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol , water and a base , at a temperature below 100° C. , characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base , are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 10:90 to 90:10.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used a pulping period of 2 hours to 36 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used as lignocellulosic material straw claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , and/or glumes.5. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that isopropanol is used as Calcohol.6. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that ethanol is used as Calcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 40° C. to 90° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 50° C. to 70° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein 4 to 10 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 20:80 to 40:60.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 60:40 to 90:10.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is ...

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Номер записи: 12
22-08-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20130217869A1
Автор: FRIEDL Anton, FUQAHA Halim, Messner Kurt, Srebotnik Ewald, Ters Thomas, ZIKELI Florian
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for the preparation of lignin, characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated, and, optionally, from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin; as well as a method for the preparation of a concentrated alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin by membrane filtration; the use of the lignin thus prepared; and the isolation of hydroxy cinnamic acids from the solution, from which the lignin has been separated. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline , alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated , and , optionally , from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin.2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution of lignin claim 1 , the precipitated higher-molecular lignin fraction is separated and from the solution obtained upon separation alcohol is removed claim 1 , in particular by vaporization claim 1 , vacuum vaporization claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , vacuum distillation claim 1 , in order to precipitate low-molecular lignin fractions.3. A method according to for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol claim 1 , in particular a Calcohol claim 1 , in particular ethanol claim 1 , water and a base claim 1 , in particular sodium hydroxide claim 1 , at a temperature below 100° C. claim 1 , in particular from 40° C. to 90° C. claim 1 , in particular from 50° C. to 70° C. claim 1 , in particular such claim 1 , that the concentration of the base claim 1 , based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose to be pulped claim 1 , is from 3 to 12% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 4 to 10% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 5 to 8% by weight claim 1 , characterized in that the lignin present in the alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution is separated from the solid claim ...

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Номер записи: 13
29-08-2013 дата публикации

FRICTION MATERIAL

Номер: US20130225719A1
Автор: KUROE Motoki, YANO Kiyoko
Принадлежит: AKEBONO BRAKE INDUSTRY CO., LTD.

A resin composition for a friction material which is produced by a process including performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin; and a friction material including the resin composition. The resin composition for a friction material is useful as a binder in the friction material. 1. A resin composition for a friction material , which is obtained by a process comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.2. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.3. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 1 ,000 or less.4. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.5. A friction material claim 1 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material according to .6. A method for producing a resin composition for a friction material claim 1 , the method comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.7. The method according to claim 6 , comprising:purifying the lignin with at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran; andperforming polymer blending of the phenol resin and the lignin purified.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 6 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 6 ,000 or less.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.11. A friction material claim 6 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material obtained by the method according to . This ...

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Номер записи: 14
05-09-2013 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM SOFTWOOD FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20130228298A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention relates to softwood lignin derivatives having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g lignin, and the preparation method thereof. The lignin derivatives have a desired antioxidant activity characterized by radical scavenging index (RSI). Another aspect of the invention relates to compositions comprising the softwood lignin derivative. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of the softwood lignin derivatives comprising incorporating the softwood lignin derivatives into polymer compositions. 1. A method of producing a softwood lignin derivative softwood lignin derivative said method comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the biomass;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp to form a lignin rich material; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 1 , dilute acid hydrolysis claim 1 , ammonia fiber expansion claim 1 , autohydrolysis claim 1 , kraft and modifications thereof claim 1 , soda pulping and modifications thereof claim 1 , sulphite pulping claim 1 , and organosolv processes.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is a kraft process or a modification thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is an organosolv process.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.75 mmol/g to about 5 mmol/g.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises pine claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.7Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.8. ...

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Номер записи: 15
05-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF

Номер: US20130231295A1
Автор: GU Yansong
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

An article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative. 1. An article comprising a lignin derivative , wherein the lignin derivative comprises a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound , and the article is a moldable thermoplastic material.23-. (canceled)4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial compound is a paraben.6. (canceled)910-. (canceled)13. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CH—.14. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CHOCHCH(OH)CH—.15. The article of claim 11 , wherein R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , and Rare each independently H or chloro.18. A method of inhibiting microbial growth claim 11 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'contacting one or more microbes with an article according to .'}1923-. (canceled)2526-. (canceled)2831-. (canceled)32. The method of claim 24 , further comprising at least partially depolymerizing the lignin.33. (canceled)34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the depolymerizing comprises a hydrogenolysis reaction.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the hydrogenolysis reaction is conducted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises nickel.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst further comprises a carbene ligand.3839-. (canceled) The present technology relates to an article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative.The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or ...

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Номер записи: 16
12-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED CONCRETE ADMIXTURES

Номер: US20130237694A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value concrete admixtures are described. For example, isolated lignin and lingnosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lingnosulfonate can be directly converted to the concrete admixtures, or they may be first converted to their methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce the concrete admixtures. 1. A method of preparing a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting lignosulphonate with an aldehyde compound to produce the lignosulphonate methylol; cooling the lignosulphonate methylol; and isolating the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate is in the form of spent pulp liquor claim 1 , sulphonated black liquor claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solid content of the spent pulp liquor or sulphonated black liquor is adjusted to about 50% to about 60% by weight prior to contacting the lignosulphonate with the aldehyde compound.412.-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate methylol is lignosulphonate monomethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate dimethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate trimethylol claim 1 , or lignosulphonate oligomethylol.14. The method claim 1 , wherein cooling is to about 0° C. to about 10° C.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising neutralizing the cooled lignosulphonate methylol with a pre-cooled acid claim 14 , which is at about 0° C. to about 10° C. and is about 5% to about 10% acid by weight.16. (canceled)17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising dissolving the isolated lignosulphonate methylol in at least one alcohol.18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising drying the lignosulphonate methylol.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising evaporating the alcohol under reduced pressure to produce the lignosulphonate methylol as a solid or semisolid residue.2021.-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 15 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 17
12-09-2013 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED SURFACTANTS

Номер: US20130237695A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value surfactants are described. For example, isolated lignin and lignosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lignosulfonate can be directly converted to surfactants, or they can be first converted to methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce surfactants. 1. A method of preparing a surfactant , the method comprising contacting methylol groups in a lignin-based material with a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative in the presence of a catalyst to produce the surfactant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin-based material is lignin methylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate methylol claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate is dextrose syrup claim 1 , glucose syrup claim 1 , or sucrose syrup.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate derivative is a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid claim 1 , a hydroxyl polycarboxylic acid claim 1 , an aminocarboxylic acid claim 1 , a lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , ammonium or calcium salt thereof claim 1 , or other natural carboxylic acid or salt thereof derived by oxidation or fermentation of a carbohydrate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 2:1 to about 1:2 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 1:1 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is phosphoric acid or paratoluene sulphonic acid.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the lignin-based material with the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative occurs with heating by a microwave ...

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Номер записи: 18
03-10-2013 дата публикации

HIGH VALUE LIGNIN DERIVATIVES, POLYMERS, AND COPOLYMERS AND USE THEREOF IN THERMOPLASTIC, THERMOSET, COMPOSITE, AND CARBON FIBER APPLICATIONS

Номер: US20130255216A1
Автор: Argyropoulos Dimitris S.
Принадлежит: North Carolina State University

The present disclosure relates to reactive modified lignin, methods of preparing such modified lignin, and materials, such as polymer systems, incorporating the modified lignin. More specifically, the lignin can be modified by selectively masking reactive functional groups such that the material has a modulated reactivity and is thus better suited for incorporation into and/or formation of further materials, such as carbon fibers. 1. A reactive modified lignin comprising a lignin having about 5% or greater of the reactive functional groups thereon masked with a masking moiety that is less reactive than the functional group.2. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a thermal stability defined by an increase of the molecular weight of the modified lignin of about 10% or less when the modified lignin is heated at a temperature of about 20° C. above its glass transition temperature (Tg).3. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits thermal stability defined by a weight loss of the modified lignin that is less than 5% when heating to a temperature of greater than 225° C.4. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) that increases monotonically with the percentage of reactive functional groups that are masked with the masking moiety.5. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl claim 1 , methoxyl claim 1 , carbonyl claim 1 , and carboxyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the masking moiety is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkenyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkynyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. A lignin polymer comprising a chain of reactive modified lignin according to .8. The lignin polymer of defined ...

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Номер записи: 19
24-10-2013 дата публикации

Polylactide-graft-lignin blends and copolymers

Номер: US20130281582A1
Автор: Clay Perbix, John R. Dorgan, Michael Paul Eyser
Принадлежит: Individual

The present invention is directed to a PLA-graft-lignin polymers and copolymers and methods of making the same. As the lignocellulosic biorefining industry emerges as a viable fuels technology, the availability of the assortment of lignins will also expand. The use of lignins as a copolymer is one area where lignin may be utilized.

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Номер записи: 20
14-11-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130303667A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., McKellar Bernard Robert, Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified APL can include an APL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. In other examples, an acetate ester of the APL can be used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains. 1. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) comprising:an APL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the APL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified APL is represented by the formula R′COOR claim 1 , wherein R′ represents the APL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with the replacement of one alcohol group in the ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) blend comprising:a APL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified APL.11. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , ...

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Номер записи: 21
14-11-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130303711A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. 1. A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) , the method comprising:precipitating a lignin;dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;adding a reagent to the solution;adjusting a pH of the solution;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is a Kraft lignin precipitated by a Lignoboost process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is about four percent to about six percent sodium hydroxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of about 11.5 pH to about 12.5 pH6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is propylene oxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total weight of the propylene oxide added to the solution is about half a total weight of the precipitated lignin in the solution.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is precipitated by reducing the pH to below about 2.5 pH.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:adding sulfuric acid to reduce the pH.10. A trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend comprising: precipitating a lignin;', 'dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;', 'adding a reagent to the solution;', 'adjusting a pH of the solution;', ' ...

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Номер записи: 22
14-11-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130303738A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., McKellar Bernard Robert, Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing an APL is provided in one example embodiment and includes mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a HPL to create a solution, raising the temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature, raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL. 1. A method for producing an acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) , comprising:mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a hydroxypropylated lignin (HPL) to create a solution;raising a temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature;raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is contains about three percent moisture.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:dissolving the catalyst in the solvent to create a solvent catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate and the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution;adding the HPL to the solvent catalyst solution; andadding the reagent to the solvent catalyst solution that contains the HPL, wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the amount of HPL added to the solvent catalyst solution is about thirty percent of a total weight of the solvent catalyst solution.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solution is precipitated by adding a ...

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Номер записи: 23
12-12-2013 дата публикации

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM PLANT MATERIAL

Номер: US20130331555A1
Автор: Mälkki Yrjö, Sipilä Jussi
Принадлежит:

Technology for separating lignin from alkaline solutions which arise in production of cellulose is presented. Isolated lignin can be applied, for instance, for production of carbon fibre, adhesives and binding materials, antioxidants and organic chemicals. Starting materials are non-woody plant materials, from which lignin is dissolved by sulphur free alkaline solutions at temperatures below 130° C. Lignin is precipitated by acid, and purified by hydrolyzing hemicellulose by acid or by enzymatic reactions or a combination of these. Lignin separated has a closely similar structure as lignin in plant material, and its content of functional atom groups can be controlled by changes in processing conditions. 1. Method for separating lignin from alkaline solutions obtained from plant materials or from fractions obtained from these by acid preparation , and purification of it , characterized by , thata) the alkaline treatment has been performed without use of sulphur containing chemicals,b) hemicellulose precipitating simultaneously is hydrolyzed to oligomer and monomer stage,c) lignin content of the final product is at least 80%.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that starting material used is alkaline solution obtained from non-woody plants.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that silica compounds are precipitated from the alkaline solution before precipitating the main part of hemicellulose and lignin.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that dissolving of lignin has been performed at temperatures not exceeding 130° C.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the yield of lignin from the lignin content of the original plant material is at least 60%.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and other carbohydrates is performed as an acid hydrolysis in a solution where the pH value is below 2.0.7. Method according to claim 6 ...

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Номер записи: 24
19-12-2013 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20130338347A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified HPL can include a HPL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. 1. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) comprising:a HPL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the HPL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL is represented by a formula R′COOR in which R′ represents the HPL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with a replacement of one alcohol group in an ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) blend comprising:a HPL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified HPL.11. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL blend comprises by weight:the HPL in the range of 1% to 99%;the polyester in the range of 1% to 99%; andthe one or more additives in the ...

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Номер записи: 25
09-01-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MODIFYING LIGNIN STRUCTURE USING MONOLIGNOL FERULATE CONJUGATES

Номер: US20140011984A1
Автор: Grabber John H., Hatfield Ronald D., Lu Fachuang, Ralph John
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Described is an isolated lignified plant cell wall including lignin, wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein, such as from coniferyl ferulate and/or sinapyl ferulate. Also described is a method to make the isolated lignified plant cell wall, and the lignin produced by the method. 1. An isolated lignified plant cell wall comprising lignin , wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein.2. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is selected from a monomer conjugate group consisting of coniferyl ferulate and sinapyl ferulate.3. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from maize.4. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a tree.5. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 4 , derived from a tree of the family Myrtaceae claim 4 , Salicaceae claim 4 , or a hybrid thereof.6Salix, Eucalyptus, Corymbia,Angophora,. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 5 , derived from a tree of a genus selected from the group consisting of and or a hybrid thereof7. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a eucalyptus tree claim 1 , a poplar tree claim 1 , a willow tree claim 1 , or a hybrid thereof.87. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from coniferyl ferulate.97. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from sinapyl ferulate.1020-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/830,905 filed Jul. 6, 2010, which claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/213,706 filed Jul. 6, 2009, the entireties of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.All of the documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.Lignin is a highly complex, heterogeneous polymer found in all vascular plants. It rigidifies ...

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Номер записи: 26
06-02-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20140038246A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Srebotnik Ewald, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly reduces the molar mass thereof. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin derivatives from technical lignin or from a fraction obtained from technical lignin with a protease enzyme or with a mixture of different protease enzymes , characterized in that the molar mass of the technical lignin or of the fractions obtained from technical lignin is significantly reduced by treatment with the protease enzyme or the mixture of the different protease enzymes , respectively.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , in particular elephant grass claim 1 , switch grass and/or glumes claim 1 , in particular lemmas.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is lignin obtained by way of pulping lignocellulose.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular wood claim 1 , wood fibres claim 1 , wood shavings and/or wood chips.54. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin obtained from lignocellulosic material is a lignosulfonate claims 1 , kraft lignin claims 1 , alkaline lignin and/or organosolv lignin.64. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that higher-molecular lignin fractions are used claims 1 , which have a protein percentage that is above average.7. The method according to any of to claims 1 , characterized in that the peptides and/or amino acids developing upon the treatment with protease enzymes are separated from the lignin claims 1 , in particular by means of membrane filtration and/or precipitation and/or ...

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Номер записи: 27
06-02-2014 дата публикации

Compositions Comprising Lignin

Номер: US20140039144A1
Автор: Kadam Kiran L., KILAMBI Srinivas, Simard Michel Adam
Принадлежит: RENMATIX, INC.

Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A phenolic resin:wherein at least a portion of said phenolic resin is produced by a reaction with a phenol substitute; lignin; and', 'less than about 2000 mg in total per kg of said lignin of elements;', 'wherein said elements are Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn., 'wherein said phenol substitute comprises2. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has an average particle size less than about 500 microns.3. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has a bulk density of less than about 0.35 g/cc.4. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute is substantially free of organic solvent.5. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 700 mg of calcium per kg of said lignin.6. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 525 mg of iron per kg of said lignin.7. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 150 mg of sulfur per kg of said lignin.8. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 20 g of ash per kg of said lignin.9. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 2000 mg of nitrogen per kg of said lignin.10. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute has a weight ratio of the total mass of hydrogen and nitrogen to carbon of less than about 0.110.11. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol substitute at a level of at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of said phenol substitute, as measured by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry.12. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol ...

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Номер записи: 28
06-02-2014 дата публикации

WATER BASED LIGNIN EPOXY RESINS, METHODS OF USING AND MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20140039146A1
Автор: Adam Georgius Abidal
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Water based lignoepoxy resins, and methods for their preparation and use are provided. Methods of making lignoepoxy resins without the use of volatile organic compounds are also provided. 1. A method of making a lignomethylol or a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting a lignin or a lignosulphonate with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde or glyoxal under conditions sufficient to produce the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising epoxidizing the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol under basic pH conditions to produce a lignomethylol epoxy or a lignosulphonate methylol epoxy.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol with ammonia or an amino compound to produce aminolignin derivatives.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the amino compound is a monoethanolamine claim 4 , a monoalkylamine claim 4 , dialkylamine claim 4 , trialkyl amine claim 4 , ethylene diamine claim 4 , diethylenetriamine claim 4 , tetraethylene pentamine claim 4 , monoethanol amine claim 4 , diethanolamine claim 4 , triethanolamine claim 4 , isophorone diamine claim 4 , hydroxylamine claim 4 , or hydrazine.7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising drying the water soluble aminolignin.8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the amino lignin with anethanolamine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid claim 4 , an isocyanate terminated polyalkylene oxide claim 4 , an epichlorohydrine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , or a polyhydroxylic acid salt to produce a surfactant.9. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the aminolignin with epichlorohydrine at a temperature of about 0-10° C. to produce a ligno aminoepoxy resin.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising contacting the ligno amino resin with phosgene claim 9 , carbon monoxide claim 9 , or carbon dioxide to ...

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Номер записи: 29
20-02-2014 дата публикации

Lignin-based nanostructures

Номер: US20140050924A1
Автор: Hector Mario CAICEDO, Luisa Amelia DEMPERE, Willem Evert Vermerris
Принадлежит: University of Florida Research Foundation Inc

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide lignin-based nanostructures including nanotubes and nanowires, methods of making and using the nanostructures, probes and compositions including the nanostructures, and the like.

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Номер записи: 30
03-01-2019 дата публикации

Novel compositions and methods for depolymerizing lignin using a chelator-mediated Fenton reaction

Номер: US20190002490A1
Автор: Kent Michael S.
Принадлежит: National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC

The present invention provides for a method to depolymerize a lignin comprising: (a) mixing a lignin, a chelator, and FeClto produce a first solution, (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time, (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution, and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened. 1. A method to depolymerize a lignin , the method comprising: (a) mixing a lignin , a chelator , and FeClto produce a first solution , (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time , (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution , and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic ring opened forms a polyacid as a result of the aromatic ring being opened.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polyacid comprises two carboxylic functional groups.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in a mixture of lignin polymers comprising more than one polymer wherein each polymer has at least one aromatic ring opened claim 1 , wherein optionally each polymer has the opened aromatic ring on a different part of each polymer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin polymer with at least one aromatic ring opened is water-soluble.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in at least about 1 mg of water-insoluble lignin is converted into a water-soluble lignin from every 100 mg of water-insoluble lignin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is HOor molecular oxygen (O) claim 1 , or both.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution step comprises bubbling a gas composition comprising Ointo the first solution.9. The ...

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Номер записи: 31
05-01-2017 дата публикации

A composition in the form of a lignin polyol, a method for the production thereof and use thereof

Номер: US20170002129A1
Автор: Dimitri Areskogh, Henri J.M. GRÜNBAUER
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a lignin polyol, a method for the manufacturing of said composition and use thereof in different application areas, such as in adhesives, binders, castings, foams (such as in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams for thermal insulation and construction applications, semi-rigid, flexible, moulded, laminated, microcellular and viscoelastic polyurethane foams), fillers, glues, sealants, elastomers and rubbers. The present invention also relates to a method for the manufacturing of a foam and use of this foam.

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Номер записи: 32
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Anticorrosion material produced from date palm tree waste

Номер: US20200002820A1
Автор: Aamna Ebrahim Almusharrakh, Ali Humaid Mohamed Hassan Al-Marzouqi, Amna Sultan Al Ali, Aysha Mohammed Al Ahbabi, Nour Shehadeh Abdelrahman, Sara Hareb Al-Ketbi
Принадлежит: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY

Anti-corrosion material is produced from date palm tree waste by extracting lignin and modifying by sulfonation. The anti-corrosion material produced from date palm tree waste is non-toxic and effective at preventing or reducing corrosion of, for example, metals subject to corrosive environments, and particularly marine environments.

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Номер записи: 33
27-01-2022 дата публикации

LIGNIN-BASED POLYOLS

Номер: US20220024959A1
Автор: GARCÍA SUÁREZ Eduardo José, MAESTRO MADURGA Belén, OCHOA GÓMEZ José Ramón, PÉREZ ARCE Jonatan
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process to manufacture lignin-based polyols (LBP) by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of oxiranes in the presence of lignin and in an organic solvent or mixture thereof using acidic catalysts. The LBP are suitable to manufacture polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyesters. 1. A process to manufacture lignin-based polyols , which comprises:a) Dissolving lignin and an acidic catalyst in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof;b) Adjusting the temperature of the solution obtained in step a) at a value from −15° C. to 60° C. under stirring;c) Adding continuously an oxirane or a solution of an oxirane in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof, on the solution obtained in step b) at a flow rate from 0.01 to 1.0 L-oxirane/h/kg-lignin,d) Keeping the reaction mixture obtained in step c) after addition completion for an appropriate time;e) Neutralizing the catalyst by adding an appropriate amount of a base on the reaction mixture obtained in step d); andf) Isolating the lignin-based polyols from the mixture obtained in step e).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxirane is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide claim 1 , epichlorohydrin claim 1 , epibromohydrin and glycidol.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst comprises boron trifluoride.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst level is from 0.03 to 0.2 mol per mol OH in lignin.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/trichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/acetonitrile claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/dichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/trichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydropyran claim 1 , tetrahydropyran/acetonitrile claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 34
19-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR TREATING BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20170015692A1
Автор: CARRICK Christopher, SAMEC Joseph
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

The present invention relates to a method of membrane-filtrating a lignin containing composition in order to obtain a lignin fraction more suitable for further treatments. In particular it relates to treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution by a membrane filtration. It comprises subjecting the liquid lignin composition to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to remove species having a first molecular weight thereby providing a permeate with a molecular weight distribution defined by said cut-off. Then, the permeate from the first membrane filtration is; subjected to at least one further filtration step with a second filter cut-off, different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) with a molecular weight distribution defined by both the cut-off in the first filter the cut-off in said second filter. A dilution is performed on a desired lignin containing fraction at some point downstream of the first filtration unit. A lignin containing retentate (concentrate) is collected from the further ultrafiltration for further processing. 1. A method for treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution , comprising the steps of:subjecting a liquid lignin containing composition, e.g. black liquor, to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to separate species in said liquid lignin containing composition in fractions thereby providing a permeate and a retentate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by said cut-off;subjecting either the retentate or the permeate from the first membrane filtration to at least one further membrane filtration step with a second filter cut-off different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) and a permeate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by both the cut-off in the first ...

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Номер записи: 35
19-01-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR EFFICIENT EXTRACTION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20170015792A1
Автор: DAHLSTRAND Christian, LÖFSTEDT Joakim, OREBOM Alexander, SAMEC Joseph, SAWADJOON Supapom
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

A method of extracting lignin from an aqueous composition by either treating the composition with a solvent and heat, or by acidifying the composition in order to induce phase separation. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method of transferring lignin into an organic solvent comprising:a. Providing an aqueous composition of lignin in a container;{'b': '3', 'b. Lowering the pH of the aqueous composition to a pH of or less and mixing the composition;'}c. Adding an organic solvent at least partly not soluble in water to the container forming a first mixture of lignin and organic solvent and mixing the first mixture;d. Letting the first mixture phase separate into an organic solvent phase and an aqueous phase; ande. Isolating the organic solvent phase from the first mixture.15. The method according to wherein the solvent is a cyclic ether.16. The method according to wherein the pH is lowered using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid.17. The method according to wherein the solvent is a mixture of methyl acetate and THF (tetrahydrofuran) or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of ethyl acetate and THF or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and THF or substituted THF.18. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by reduction using a catalyst based on nickel or a palladium based catalyst.19. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by functionalization through esterification.20. The method according to wherein the esterification comprises adding an esterification reagent or claim 19 , a fatty acid and an esterification reagent claim 19 , and a catalyst to the organic solvent phase and heating the organic solvent phase.21. The method according to wherein the esterification reagent is carboxylic acid or an anhydride.22. The method according to wherein the esterification is done using C6-C18 fatty acids.23. The method according to wherein the treatment is performed ...

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Номер записи: 36
19-01-2017 дата публикации

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIGNIN-ACRYLONITRILE POLYMER BLEND MATERIALS

Номер: US20170015828A1
Автор: Naskar Amit K., Tran Chau D.
Принадлежит:

A polymer blend material comprising: (i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and (ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %; wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); and said polymer blend material possesses a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation. Methods for producing the polymer blend, molded forms thereof, and articles thereof, are also described. 1. A polymer blend material comprising:(i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and(ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %;wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); andsaid polymer blend material possesses either a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation.2. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 30 mol %.3. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 35 mol %.4. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 40 mol %.5. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin is a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin claim 1 , or a grass-derived lignin.6. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin has a weight-average molecular weight of up to 10 claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 37
21-01-2021 дата публикации

Methods of recovering lignin and other products from biomass

Номер: US20210017210A1
Автор: Lynn M. Wendt, Quang A. Nguyen
Принадлежит: Battelle Energy Alliance Llc

Methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass. The method comprises adding a chemical agent to a stored biomass comprising lignin to form a chemically-treated biomass. The chemical agent comprises an acid, a base, an inorganic salt, or a combination of the inorganic salt and one of the acid or the base. The chemically-treated biomass is stored under anaerobic conditions. Lignin products, such as high molecular weight lignin, medium molecular weight lignin, or low molecular weight lignin, are recovered from the chemically-treated biomass. Additional methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass are disclosed.

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Номер записи: 38
17-04-2014 дата публикации

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM HYDROLYZATE

Номер: US20140106426A1
Автор: PYLKKANEN Vesa, RETSINA Theodora
Принадлежит: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

A method for the production water insoluble reactive lignin having low sulfur content and lignosulfonates from lignocellulosic material in a batch or continuous process. Lignocellulosic material is fractionated to produce water insoluble native lignin and lignosulfonates in various ratios, while preserving the cellulose and hydrolyzed hemicelluloses using water, ethanol and sulfur dioxide. 122-. (canceled)23. A process for separating and recovering lignin and lignosulfonates from a liquid hydrolyzate , said process comprising:(a) contacting a lignocellulosic material with a solution of an aliphatic alcohol, water, and sulfur dioxide to produce a mixture comprising cellulose-rich solids and a first hydrolyzate comprising hemicellulose oligomers, lignin, and lignosulfonates;(b) removing said cellulose-rich solids from said mixture, to form a second hydrolyzate;(c) removing, in a stripper column, said aliphatic alcohol and said sulfur dioxide from said second hydrolyzate, to form a third hydrolyzate, wherein said lignin precipitates to form water-insoluble lignin;(d) recovering said water-insoluble lignin from said stripper column; and(e) separating and recovering said lignosulfonates from said third hydrolyzate.24. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (c) comprises evaporating at a pressure from −0.1 to 6.0 atmospheres in said stripper column.25. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (d) comprises removing said water-insoluble lignin from the bottom of said stripper column into a settling tank.26. The process of claim 25 , wherein step (d) further comprises centrifuging or filter-pressing said water-insoluble lignin.27. The process of claim 23 , wherein said water-insoluble lignin is continuously removed and recovered.28. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (e) comprises centrifuging said third hydrolyzate.29. The process of claim 23 , wherein step (e) comprises filtering said third hydrolyzate.30. The process of claim 29 , wherein said filtering is conducted ...

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Номер записи: 39
25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHODS OF PRODUCING STABLE LIGNIN PHENOLIC OIL

Номер: US20180022877A1
Автор: BROWN Robert C., HALL Patrick H., ROVER Marjorie R., Smith Ryan G.
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil, where the method comprises providing a lignin; pre-treating the lignin with a base solution, where the base solution has a pH of 8 or above; and hydrogenating the pre-treated lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil. The present invention further relates to a method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil, the method comprising: providing a non-recalcitrant lignin; solubilizing the lignin in a solvent; and hydrogenating the solubilized lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil. 1. A method of producing a stable lignin phenolic oil , said method comprising:providing a lignin;pre-treating the lignin with a base solution, wherein the base solution has a pH of 8 or above; andhydrogenating the pre-treated lignin to produce a stabilized lignin phenolic oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base solution has a pH of between 8 and 11.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is selected from the group consisting of organosolv lignin claim 1 , Kraft lignin claim 1 , supercritical hydrolysis lignin claim 1 , steam explosion lignin claim 1 , enzymatic hydrolysis lignin claim 1 , acetosolv lignin claim 1 , milled wood lignin claim 1 , and black liquor lignin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pre-treating the lignin with a base solution is carried out at a temperature of between 15° C. to 200° C. and for a time of no less than 15 minutes.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said pre-treating is carried out at a temperature of between 100° C. to 150° C. and for a time of between 2 hours and 6 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base solution is a hydroxide solution.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide claim 6 , ammonium hydroxide claim 6 , calcium hydroxide claim 6 , triethylamine hydroxide claim 6 , potassium hydroxide claim 6 , lithium hydroxide claim 6 , and magnesium hydroxide.8. ...

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Номер записи: 40
22-01-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR SEPARATING BIOMASS COMPONENTS

Номер: US20150025229A1
Автор: Pandey Banibrata, PECHIMUTHU Sakthi Priya, SARKAR Manoj Kumar, SRIVASTAVA Suresh Chandra, SUDHAKARAN Dinakaran Samuel
Принадлежит: NAGARJUNA ENERGY PRIVATE LIMITED

The present invention provides a process and System for Separation of biomass components into individual components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The present invention provides a process for separating lignin in its native form. The cellulose obtained by the process of the present invention is highly reactive for saccharification. 111-. (canceled)12. A process for separating biomass components namely cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin , said process comprising steps:a) contacting biomass with an alkaline agent capable of dissolving essentially lignin in said biomass under a first predetermined temperature and a first pressure to dissolve lignin;b) removing the lignin under pressure;c) reacting mild acid or water under a second predetermined temperature and a second pressure with the remaining residue of step (a) to hydrolyze hemicellulose and subsequently removing the same from biomass;d) obtaining cellulose from the remaining biomass.13. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group comprising ammonia or derivatives thereof.14. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is contacted with the biomass at a temperature in the range of 90° to 200° C. and at a pressure in the range of 7.5-25 Bar.15. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the alkaline agent is contacted with the biomass for a period in the range of 1 to 30 minutes.16. A process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the concentration of ammonia is in the range of 10% to 30%.17. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the mild acid is selected from a group comprising mineral acids having a concentration of 0.25% to 2%.18. A process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the mild acid is reacted with the residual biomass at a temperature in the range of 120°-200° C. and at a pressure in the range of 1.5-20 Bar.19. A system for separating biomass comprising:(a) a reactor chamber for containing biomass having at least one inlet and at ...

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Номер записи: 41
23-01-2020 дата публикации

POLYCARBOXYLATED COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME

Номер: US20200024407A1
Автор: Rafiee Mohammad, Stahl Shannon S.
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Methods of selectively modifying lignin, polycarboxylated products thereof, and methods of deriving aromatic compounds therefrom. The methods comprise electrochemically oxidizing lignin using stable nitroxyl radicals to selectively oxidize primary hydroxyls on β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units to corresponding carboxylic acids while leaving the secondary hydroxyls unchanged. The oxidation results in polycarboxylated lignin in the form of a polymeric β-hydroxy acid. The polymeric β-hydroxy acid has a high loading of carboxylic acid and can be isolated in acid form, deprotonated, and/or converted to a salt. The β-hydroxy acid, anion, or salt can also be subjected to acidolysis to generate various aromatic monomers or oligomers. The initial oxidation of lignin to the polycarboxylated form renders the lignin more susceptible to acidolysis and thereby enhances the yield of aromatic monomers and oligomers obtained through acidolysis. 112-. (canceled)13. A polycarboxylated compound comprising phenylpropanoid units , wherein:each of the phenylpropanoid unit comprises an α-carbon and a β-carbon;the phenylpropanoid units are linked to each other via linkages comprising one or more of a β-O-4 linkage, a β-1 linkage, a β-5 linkage, a 4-O-5 linkage, a 5-5 linkage, and a β-β linkage;the phenylpropanoid units comprise β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units;each of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units is a single one of the phenylpropanoid units and is linked via its β-carbon with a β-O-4 linkage;each β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit in at least a portion of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid units comprises a secondary hydroxyl moiety on the α-carbon of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit and a carboxylic acid or carboxylate moiety on the β-carbon of the β-O-4 phenylpropanoid unit.14. The polycarboxylated compound of claim 13 , wherein the polycarboxylated compound comprises from 0.05 to 0.8 carboxylic acid or carboxylate functional groups per phenylpropanoid unit.15. The polycarboxylated compound of claim 13 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 42
04-02-2016 дата публикации

OXYGEN ASSISTED ORGANOSOLV PROCESS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND LIGNIN RECOVERY

Номер: US20160031921A1
Автор: Braenner Walter, Guenther John H., Hawk Lee J., Manesh Ali, Manesh Mohammad Ali, Zoborowski Edwin G.
Принадлежит: American Science and Technology Corporation

An oxygen assisted Organosolv process for a more efficient delignification and producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing a lignin solvent with water, an acid, an oxidant and one or more lignin dissolving chemicals. The process also includes placing biomass in contact with oxidant, acid, water, the lignin solvent in any order or combined to form a recyclable solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the recyclable solvent by circulating the recyclable solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the recyclable solvent occurs for a period of time, during which, acid and oxidant may be added if necessary as they may be consumed by the process, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the recyclable solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new lignin dissolving solvent or sold, while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid, or mixed with other polymers as an additive and extruded or injected to consumable polymeric parts, or can be used and the natural source of renewable aromatics. Application of an oxidant will help the overall fractionation process by changing the chemical characteristics of the lignin and therefore allows more lignin to be removed from biomass. At the end, the lignin is separated from the lignin dissolving solvent by a separation process to also reclaim the lignin dissolving solvent for the next fractionation process. 1. An oxygen assisted organosolv process for delignification of lignocellulosic biomass materials comprising:a) Placing a quantity of lignocellulosic biomass in contact with a quantity of oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide to partially or fully impregnate the biomass;b) Placing a quantity of the partially or fully impregnated biomass in contact with a quantity of acid to acidify the impregnated biomass;c) Adding a quantity of water to a quantity of the acidified ...

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Номер записи: 43
01-05-2014 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Номер: US20140117275A1
Автор: CHHEDA Juben Nemchand, JOHNSON Kimberly Ann, Komplin Glenn Charles, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by lignin release therefrom, which can produce a highly viscous phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; and reducing the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; 'wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; and', 'at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase;'}reducing the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:measuring the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein reducing the viscosity and measuring the viscosity take place at the same time.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic component is formed by a catalytic reduction reaction of soluble carbohydrates claim 1 , the soluble carbohydrates being derived from the cellulosic biomass solids.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a monohydric alcohol claim 4 , a glycol claim 4 , a triol claim 4 , or any combination thereof.6. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 44
01-05-2014 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DISTRIBUTING A SLURRY CATALYST IN CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Номер: US20140117276A1
Автор: Komplin Glenn Charles, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: heating cellulosic biomass solids and a digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; and after conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent;heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms;conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst therein to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; andafter conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry ...

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Номер записи: 45
01-05-2014 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIONASS SOLIDS

Номер: US20140117277A1
Автор: DENTON Edward James, JOHNSON Kimberly Ann, Komplin Glenn Charles, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит: SHELL OIL COMPANY

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase. 1. A method comprising:providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent;at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; andseparating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic component is formed by a catalytic reduction reaction of soluble carbohydrates claim 1 , the soluble carbohydrates being derived from the cellulosic biomass solids.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a monohydric alcohol claim 2 , a glycol claim 2 , a triol claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcoholic component comprises a glycol.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the aqueous phase is maintained with the cellulosic biomass solids after separating the phenolics liquid phase.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:circulating at least a portion of the aqueous phase through the cellulosic biomass solids.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin comprises heating the phenolics liquid phase to a temperature of at least about 270° C. in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a ...

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Номер записи: 46
30-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR GRAFTING POLYPHENOLS

Номер: US20200032002A1
Автор: Allard-Breton Béatrice, BLANC Jerome, Gillet Jean-Philippe, Teissier Rémy
Принадлежит: Arkema France

The invention relates to a process for producing at least one grafted polyphenol, comprising at least the step of reacting, in the presence of at least one catalyst, at least one polyphenol with at least one compound of formula (I) below: 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said polyphenol is chosen from tannins claim 1 , lignins and natural polyphenols other than tannins and lignins.3. The process as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said polyphenol is a lignin.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is chosen from alkali metal hydroxides claim 1 , sodium or potassium alkoxides claim 1 , and tertiary amines chosen from trialkylamines and tetramethylguanidine.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris chosen from a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbon-based chain.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the number of moles of said compound of formula (I) is at least 1.1 times greater than or equal to the number of —OH functions present per mole of said polyphenol.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst which is identical to or different than the catalyst as defined in .10. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the grafted polyphenol/alkoxylating agent weight ratio ranges from 0.05 to 2.11. A grafted polyphenol that can be obtained by the process as defined in .12. An alkoxylated polyphenol that can be obtained by the process as defined in .13. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a reagent in alkoxylation processes.14. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a solvent for polyphenols.15. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , as a solvent in polyphenol alkoxylation processes.16. The use of the grafted polyphenol as defined in claim 11 , for producing polyurethanes claim 11 , polyesters claim 11 , nonionic or cationic surfactants claim ...

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Номер записи: 47
12-02-2015 дата публикации

BIOMASS FRACTIONATION AND EXTRACTION METHODS AND APPARATUS

Номер: US20150045544A1
Автор: Mitchell Melvin
Принадлежит:

A biomass fractionation apparatus includes a vessel having a processing chamber, an inlet configured to receive a biomass into the processing chamber, and an outlet configured to discharge processed biomass from the chamber. A bed plate is movably positioned within the processing chamber and includes a plurality of elongated fins extending outwardly therefrom in substantially parallel spaced-apart relationship. A cylindrical rotor is rotatably secured within the processing chamber in adjacent, spaced-apart relationship with the bed plate. The rotor has a plurality of elongated blades extending radially outwardly therefrom in circumferentially spaced-apart relationship. Upon rotation of the rotor, the blades are configured to accelerate a biomass within the processing chamber against the fins of the bed plate and to cause the bed plate to pulsate against the rotor. 1. A biomass fractionation apparatus , comprising:a vessel comprising a processing chamber, an inlet configured to receive biomass into the processing chamber, and an outlet configured to discharge processed biomass from the chamber;a bed plate movably positioned within the processing chamber;a cylindrical rotor rotatably secured within the processing chamber in adjacent, spaced-apart relationship with the bed plate, the rotor having a plurality of elongated blades extending radially outwardly therefrom in circumferentially spaced-apart relationship, and wherein, upon rotation of the rotor, the blades are configured to accelerate biomass flowing through the processing chamber against the bed plate; anda biasing mechanism configured to urge the bed plate towards the rotor against an opposite force caused by flow of the biomass through the processing chamber.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a motor operably connected to the rotor and configured to rotate the rotor.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the vessel inlet claim 2 , wherein the pump is ...

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Номер записи: 48
06-02-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNIN AND FOR PRODUCING A BINDER COMPOSITION

Номер: US20200040022A1
Автор: Pietarinen Suvi, Ringena Okko, Valkonen Sanna
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for treating lignin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-16° C.; and b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60-100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH valise of 6-14. The invention relates further to a method for producing a binder composition and to different applications thereof. 119-. (canceled)20. A binder composition obtainable by a method comprising:a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-60° C.;b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60 100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14; andc) mixing the composition formed in step b) with a crosslinking agent and heating the composition at a temperature of 60-100° C. while keeping the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14.21. An adhesive composition comprising A binder composition produced using a method comprising:a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-60° C.;b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60 100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14; andc) mixing the composition formed in step b) with a crosslinking agent and heating the composition at a temperature of 60-100° C. while keeping the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14.2224-. (canceled)25. The binder composition of claim 20 , wherein step c) comprises heating the composition at a temperature of 65-95° C.26. The binder composition of claim 20 , wherein the pH of the composition is kept claim 20 , in ...

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Номер записи: 49
01-05-2014 дата публикации

Ph-induced fractionation processes for recovery of lignin

Номер: US20140121359A1
Автор: John C. Blackburn, Julian Velez-Guillen, Mark C. Thies, Michael A. Lake
Принадлежит: Individual

There are provided processes for recovering a “heart-cut” liquid-lignin fraction from a lignin-containing stream such as a black liquor stream from a paper making process or the crude lignin stream within a non-destructive biomass conversion process by carbonating, acidifying and recovering the liquid-lignin fraction. The processes generally include reacting black liquor with a carefully selected amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to decrementally reduce the pH of the black liquor and produce fractions of a dense liquid-lignin precipitate at each pH decrement to about a pH of 8. The sequential reduction in pH is less than or equal to about 1.5 in most embodiments, less than 1.0 in other embodiments, and less than 0.50 in still other embodiments. It has been discovered that lignin recovered from the dense liquid-lignin precipitate at the different pH decrements can have different molecular weight ranges and/or structures. This process provides an improved lignin with a more narrow distribution of molecular weight, melt point, and chemical structure that is more suitable for high-value polymer applications.

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Номер записи: 50
01-05-2014 дата публикации

INJECTION OF A CHEMICAL REAGENT INTO A PROCESS STREAM THAT CONTAINS LIGNIN

Номер: US20140121360A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

One example embodiment includes inserting a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains one or more lignins to form one or more modified lignins. The formed one or more modified lignins are different than the one or more lignins in the process stream. The one or more modified lignins can be formed in the process stream before a precipitation stage and then separated from the process stream. Also, contaminates can be removed from the separated one or more modified lignins and the one or more modified lignins can be pressed and dried. 1. A method , comprising:inserting a chemical reagent into a process stream that contains one or more lignins to form one or more modified lignins, wherein the one or more modified lignins are different than the one or more lignins in the process stream; andseparating the one or more modified lignins from the process stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed in the process stream before a precipitation stage.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:removing contaminates from the separated one or more modified lignins.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:pressing and drying the separated one or more modified lignins.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reagent is a compound of inorganic or small organic molecules.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the chemical reagent is a Collins reagent claim 5 , a Fenton's reagent claim 5 , or a Grignard reagent.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed in a storage tank before a precipitation stage in the process stream.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins are formed using hydroxyalkylation claim 1 , alkylation claim 1 , acylation claim 1 , esterification claim 1 , or etherification.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more modified lignins include hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL).10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the HPL is precipitated out by reducing ...

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Номер записи: 51
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Post-Fermentation Lignin Recovery

Номер: US20180044363A1
Автор: Armiger William B., Dodds David R.
Принадлежит:

Provided herein is process and system for the production of high-quality lignin by treating the post-fermentation solids. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a novel process comprising: providing a solid material remaining at the end of a fermentation process, wherein the fermentation process utilizes a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock; extracting lignin from the solid material into a liquid phase; and recovering lignin from liquid phase. In some embodiments, the fermentation process produces one or more of ethanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, lactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol. In one embodiment's, the fermentation process produces ethanol. 1. A process for producing lignin , comprising :providing a solid material remaining at the end of a fermentation process, wherein the fermentation process utilizes a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock;extracting lignin from the solid material into a liquid phase; andrecovering lignin from liquid phase.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation process produces one or more of ethanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , iso-butanol claim 1 , lactic acid claim 1 , polyhydroxyalkanoates claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-propanediol and 1 claim 1 ,4-butanediol.3. The process of wherein the extracting step operates at approximately 180° C. to 220° C. and approximately 20 to 35 atmospheres of pressure claim 1 , optionally in the presence of an organic solvent.4. The process of wherein the organic solvent is ethanol.5. The process of any one of - wherein the extracting step takes place in a steam explosion equipment.6. The process of further comprising removing spent cells from the fermentation process claim 1 , prior to the extracting step.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recovering step comprises precipitating lignin by adding water to the liquid phase and/or boiling off the solvent.8. The process of further comprising recovering a carbohydrate ...

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Номер записи: 52
16-02-2017 дата публикации

UPGRADING LIGNIN FROM LIGNIN-CONTAINING RESIDUES THROUGH REACTIVE EXTRACTION

Номер: US20170044328A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Y., CAPANEMA Ewellyn A., Colakyan Manuk, LIPIECKI Francis
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are methods of functionalizing lignin using reactive extraction. The invention also generally relates to functionalized lignin. An exemplary method for producing functionalized lignin is disclosed, which comprises: providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and wherein the first mixture comprises: a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and a first solid fraction comprising cellulose. 1. A method for producing functionalized lignin , the method comprising:providing a residue comprising lignin and cellulose; wherein the subjecting is performed at a first temperature of about 100° C. or less; and', a first liquid fraction comprising solubilized functionalized lignin, wherein the solubilized functionalized lignin is functionalized with the organic compound; and', 'a first solid fraction comprising cellulose., 'wherein the first mixture comprises], 'subjecting the residue to a liquid comprising an organic compound, thereby forming a first mixture;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid further comprises an acid.35.-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is performed at a first pressure of less than 73 bar.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue is a biorefinery residue obtained from a process selected from the group consisting of enzymatic hydrolysis claim 1 , acid hydrolysis claim 1 , steam explosion claim 1 , a treatment comprising SO claim 1 , a treatment comprising CO claim 1 , and any combination thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the first liquid fraction from the first solid fraction claim 1 , thereby forming a separated first liquid fraction claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 53
03-03-2022 дата публикации

METHOD TO VALORIZE 2G BIOETHANOL WASTE STREAMS

Номер: US20220064199A1
Автор: Agrawal Ruchi, GUPTA Ravi Prakash, Kumar Ravindra, PURI Suresh Kumar, RAMAKUMAR Sankara Sri Venkata, SATLEWAL Alok, Saxena Deepak
Принадлежит:

An integrated approach for utilizing waste products of 2G bio-refineries to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present invention also provides a method of recycling of two waste products (2-G ethanol residue as the substrate (LRBR) and fusel oil/synthetic fusel oil (SFO) as one of the solvent) of the biorefineries in a beneficial manner to fractionate the lignin of high purity. The present method of separating high purity lignin comprises fractioning extractive-free lignin rich residue with a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of SFO/Fusel oil and Formic acid. An optimized ratio of waste fusel oil and formic acid gave more than >85% yields of high purity lignin. 1. A method for separating high purity lignin from waste streams , the method comprising:i. removing extractives from the waste steam using by hot water treatment at 70-90° C., and repeating the step for 2-5 times;ii. extracting solids obtained in pervious step with technical spirit or fusel oil, and repeating the step 1-2 times to obtain extractive-free lignin rich residue;iii. fractioning extractive-free lignin rich residue obtained in previous step with a solvent in high pressure reactor;iv. separating the slurry obtained in pervious step into solid and liquid fractions.v. washing the solid fraction with solvent of step (iii), followed by washing with water; andvi. combining the wash from step (v) to liquid fraction and recovering the lignin.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the waste steam is a bioethanol residue of the biorefineries and wherein extractive-free lignin rich residue is an extractive-free lignin rich bioethanol residue (LRBR).3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic solvents used in step (iii) is selected from methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , formic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , synthetic fusel oil (SFO) claim 1 , fusel oil or combination thereof.4. The ...

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Номер записи: 54
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Method For Obtaining Low Molecular Weight Lignin

Номер: US20220064200A1
Автор: Amaral Antunes Joana Raquel, Birikh Klara, Heikkilä Matti Wilhelm, Suonpaa Anu Minna Maaret
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to obtaining lignin preparations of desirable molecular size and properties. It describes a method of de-polymerizing lignin of high molecular weight into low molecular weight lignin. More in particular, the invention provides a method for producing lignin with a low molecular weight wherein high molecular weight lignin is contacted with an alkaline laccase at alkaline pH in a reaction vessel and wherein the lignin with a molecular weight below 2 kDa is selectively removed from the reaction vessel during the reaction.

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Номер записи: 55
14-02-2019 дата публикации

Liquid lignin composition, lignin-based resin, and method of increasing the solubility of lignin

Номер: US20190048192A1
Автор: Ashar ZAFAR, Dimitri Areskogh, Jesper Ekstrom
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a liquid lignin mixture comprising 3-50 wt % methanol, 12-50 wt % lignin and 5-85 wt % aqueous alkali solution wherein the concentration of said aqueous alkali solution is 1 to 50 wt % of alkali in water, based on the weight of said alkali solution prior to mixing with the other components of the mixture. The liquid lignin mixture can be used to manufacture lignin-based phenolic resins, which are particularly useful in the manufacture of laminates.

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Номер записи: 56
25-02-2016 дата публикации

HYDROXIDE CATALYSTS FOR LIGNIN DEPOLYMERIZATION

Номер: US20160052949A1
Автор: BECKHAM Gregg T., BIDDY Mary J., CHMELY Stephen C., KRUGER Jacob S., STURGEON Matthew
Принадлежит:

Solid base catalysts and their use for the base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of lignin to compounds such as aromatics are presented herein. Exemplary catalysts include layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as recyclable, heterogeneous catalysts for BCD of lignin. 1. A method comprising contacting an aromatic-containing material with a solvent and a catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises an anion associated with a solid , wherein the contacting breaks at least one bond of the material , creating at least one lower molecular weight product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-containing material comprises a lignin-derived compound.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the lignin-derived compound comprises at least one of p-coumaryl alcohol claim 2 , coniferyl alcohol claim 2 , or sinapyl alcohol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one of water claim 1 , an alcohol claim 1 , or a ketone.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent comprises at least one of water claim 4 , methanol claim 4 , ethanol claim 4 , propanol claim 4 , isopropanol claim 4 , acetone claim 4 , methyl isobutyl ketone claim 4 , heptane claim 4 , tert-butanol claim 4 , 2-ethyl-1-hexanol claim 4 , or 3-methyl-3-pentanol.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid comprises at least one of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) claim 1 , an aluminosilicate claim 1 , an alumina claim 1 , a silica claim 1 , or titanium dioxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid comprises an LDH characterized by [MM(OH)].8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the LDH is MgAl(OH).9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid comprises an LDH and the anion associated with the LDH comprises at least one of carbonate claim 6 , nitrate claim 6 , nitrite claim 6 , arsenate claim 6 , phosphate claim 6 , arsenite claim 6 , hydrogen phosphate claim 6 , dihydrogen phosphate claim 6 , sulfate claim 6 , hydrogen sulfate claim 6 , nitrite claim 6 , thiosulfate claim 6 , sulfite claim 6 , ...

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Номер записи: 57
12-03-2015 дата публикации

LIGNIN AND METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN

Номер: US20150068112A1
Автор: Miettinen Mauno, Nissinen Vilho, Pietarinen Suvi, Pykäläinen Nina, Sipponen Juha, Varvemaa Päivi
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

The invention relates to a method for processing lignin. The method includes feeding lignin material to the system, decreasing particle size of the lignin material in a grinding device in order to manufacture lignin powder having particle size distribution wherein at least 85 wt. % of the lignin agglomerates and particles are less than 300 microns, and increasing dry solids content of the lignin material at least 5 percentage units while decreasing the particle size in the grinding device. In addition, the invention relates to a system for processing lignin, a lignin powder, a method for manufacturing a product including lignin, a system for manufacturing a product including lignin and a product including lignin powder. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for processing lignin , the method comprising:feeding lignin material to the system;decreasing particle size of the lignin material in a grinding device in order to manufacture lignin powder having particle size distribution wherein at least 85 wt. % of the lignin agglomerates and particles are less than 300 microns; andincreasing dry solids content of the lignin material at least 5 percentage units while decreasing the particle size in the grinding device.26. The method according to claim 25 , wherein at least 90% of the lignin agglomerates and particles in the lignin powder have a size of less than 200 microns.27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein at least 95% of the lignin agglomerates and particles in the lignin powder have a size of less than 100 microns.28. The method according to claim 25 , wherein dry solids content of the lignin material introduced to the system is between 40 and 90%.29. The method according to claim 25 , wherein dry solids content of the manufactured powder is between 80 and 100%.30. The method according to claim 25 , whereindry solids content of the lignin material introduced to the system is between 40 and 90%, anddry solids content of the manufactured powder is between 80 and 100%.31 ...

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Номер записи: 58
08-03-2018 дата публикации

NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS DERIVED FROM LIGNIN

Номер: US20180066116A1
Автор: BRABEZ Nabila, MABON Ross, Reiner Virginia M., WITTRIG Ashley M.
Принадлежит:

Technical lignin compositions and pyrolysis methods for forming such technical lignin compositions from pyrolyzed biomass are provided. The technical lignin compositions can include at least about 50 wt % phenolic polymers and/or at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers. In some aspects, less than about 50 wt % of the linkages between benzylic units in the phenolic polymers and/or in the composition can correspond to β-O-4 linkages. At least about 50 wt% of the hydroxyl groups in the composition can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups. At least about 60 wt % of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups can correspond to phenolic hydroxyl groups and/or phenolic ether groups in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent. 1. A technical lignin composition comprising:at least about 60 wt % phenolic polymers, at least about 75 wt % combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers, or a combination thereof,at least about 50 wt % of the hydroxyl groups in the technical lignin composition comprising phenolic hydroxyl groups,at least about 60% of the phenolic hydroxyl groups comprising a phenolic hydroxyl group in an ortho position relative to at least one substituent,about 70% or less of linkages connecting benzylic units in the phenolic polymers comprising an ether group or a carbonyl group,about 50% or less of linkages connecting benzylic units in the phenolic polymers comprising β-O-4 linkages,the phenolic polymers further comprising a ratio of aromatic carbons to aliphatic carbons, exclusive of methoxy groups, of at least about 2.3.2. The technical lignin composition of claim 1 , wherein the combined phenolic monomers and phenolic polymers comprise an effective hydrogen index of about 1.0 or less.3. The technical lignin composition of claim 1 , wherein at least about 60% of the phenolic hydroxyl groups comprise a phenolic hydroxyl group in an ortho position relative to two substituents.4. The technical lignin ...

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Номер записи: 59
11-03-2021 дата публикации

LIGNIN DISPERSION COMPOSITION AND ITS USE IN STABILIZING EMULSIONS

Номер: US20210070949A1
Автор: CUI Mengmeng, Naskar Amit K.
Принадлежит:

A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium, wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns. Also described herein is a method of producing the lignin dispersion, by: (i) dissolving lignin in an organic solvent substantially devoid of water yet miscible with water to result in a solution of the lignin in the organic solvent; and (ii) producing the lignin dispersion by dialyzing the solution of the lignin with water until substantially all of the organic solvent is replaced with water with simultaneous formation of spherical lignin particles dispersed in the water. Also described herein is a method for stabilizing an emulsion by intimately mixing the emulsion with the lignin dispersion. Also described herein is a hierarchical assembly of porous microparticles produced by mixing the lignin dispersion with an emulsion and an amphiphilic block copolymer. 1. A lignin dispersion composition comprising spherical lignin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 100 nm to 5 microns.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition does not contain a surfactant.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium is at least 95 vol % water.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous medium contains a water-miscible organic solvent in an amount of up to 1 vol %.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles have a size exclusively within a range of 200 nm to 2 microns.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a median particle size within a range of 400 nm to 4.9 microns and a maximum deviation from said median particle size of ±100 nm.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the spherical lignin particles are substantially uniform in size as characterized by a ...

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Номер записи: 60
16-03-2017 дата публикации

PREPARATION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20170073365A1
Автор: Ertl Ortwin, Fackler Karin, Messner Kurt, Ters Thomas
Принадлежит:

A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a Calcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol , at a temperature below 100° C. , characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base , are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 10:90 to 90:10.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used a pulping period of 2 hours to 36 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used as lignocellulosic material straw claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , and/or glumes.5. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that isopropanol is used as Calcohol.6. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that ethanol is used as Calcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 40° C. to 90° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 50° C. to 70° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein 4 to 10 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 20:80 to 40:60.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 60:40 to 90:10.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is used a pulping period ...

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Номер записи: 61
05-03-2020 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN PARTICLES

Номер: US20200071468A1
Автор: BEISL Stefan, FRIEDL Anton, WEINWURM Felix
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a method for producing lignin particles, comprising the steps of: a) extracting lignin from a lignincontaining starter material, using a mixture that comprises at least one organic solvent and water, and b) precipitating the lignin in the solution from step a). 1. A process for the production of lignin particles , comprising the steps of:a) extracting lignin from a lignin-containing starting material by using a mixture comprising at least one organic solvent and water, andb) precipitating the lignin in solution from step a).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein insoluble components present in the solution from step a) are removed prior to step b).3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solution for precipitation in step b) comprises a maximum of 1% of insoluble components.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step b) claim 1 , the lignin in solution is precipitated by decreasing the pH and/or by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein organic solvent is removed from the lignin-containing organic solvent/water mixture at a rate of 0.1 to 2% by weight/min.6. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a pressure of 50 to 500 mbar claim 4 , in order to precipitate lignin particles.7. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the organic solvent/water mixture is exposed to a temperature of 20° C. to 60° C.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein prior to precipitating it out claim 1 , the lignin in solution is adjusted to 0.1 to 50 g of lignin/L of organic solvent/water mixture.9. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the pH of the organic solvent/water mixture upon precipitation of the lignin by reducing the concentration of the organic solvent in the organic solvent/water mixture is decreased by adding a water-acid mixture with a pH of 1 to 6.10. The process ...

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Номер записи: 62
12-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SOLUTION OF LIGNIN IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

Номер: US20200079960A1
Автор: Ekström Jesper, Zafar Ashar
Принадлежит: STORA ENSO OYJ

The present invention relates to a process for lignin dissolution in which partial methylolation of lignin is carried out during the step of preparing a solution of lignin in an aqueous medium comprising alkali. The lignin prepared according to the process of the present invention can be used to manufacture lignin-based phenolic resins, which are particularly useful in the manufacture of laminates. 1. A method for dissolving lignin in an aqueous medium comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of lignin in the aqueous medium has been obtained;wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin monomer is 0.4 or less.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin is in the range of from 0.01 to 0.3.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin is in the range of from 0.01 to 0.2.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has been isolated and/or purified before step a).5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the lignin has been isolated from black liquor before step a).6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali is sodium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide or a mixture thereof.7. A method for preparing a resin comprising the steps ofa) mixing lignin, alkali and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium;b) mixing until a solution of lignin in the aqueous medium has been obtained;c) keeping the mixture obtained in step b) at a temperature in the range of from 30° C. to 95° C. and;d) adding additional formaldehyde and phenol ande) maintaining the mixture at a temperature of from 30° C. to 95° C. for at least 30 minutes;wherein the molar ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin in step a) is 0.4 or less.8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the ratio between the formaldehyde and lignin in step a) is from 0.01 to 0. ...

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Номер записи: 63
02-04-2015 дата публикации

HIGHLY EFFICIENT LIGNIN-BASED WATER-REDUCING AGENT WITH HIGH DEGREE OF SULFONATION AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20150094458A9
Автор: Lou Hongming, Ouyang Xinping, Pang Yuxia, Qiu Xueqing, Yang Dongjie, Yi Conghua
Принадлежит:

This invention discloses a high-performance lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight and its preparation method. This water reducer exhibits an excellent water-reducing performance, its water-reducing rate of this lignin-based water reducer reaches 25% at a dosage of 0.70 wt %, which is higher than that of the naphthalene-based water reducer and the sulfonated lignin water reducer prepared by oxidation and sulfonation of alkali lignin, and 28-days compressive strength ratio of the concrete with this water reducer to the concrete without this water reducer is up to 150:100. Furthermore, the water reducer of present invention will not be crystallized in winter, and the concrete iron won't be corroded. The water reducer of the present invention makes the concretes having a low bleeding rate, excellent properties of workability, anti-freeze and anti-carbonization. 1. A process for preparing a lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight consists of following steps:(1) adding industrial lignin into water, enabling the concentration of said industrial lignin up to 30˜60% by weight, then adjusting the pH of solution to 9-14, and elevating the temperature of said solution to 50-100° C.;(2) adding dihydroxyketone into said industrial lignin solution, and keeping the reaction for 0.5 hour to 2 hours;(3) adding sulfonating agent into the above solution, and keeping the sulfonation reaction at temperature of 80-100° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours;(4) the lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight being yielded after the temperature being decreased to room temperature.2. The process according to claim 1 , the ratio of said industrial lignin: said dihydroxyketone: said sulfonating agent is 100:20-50:30-200 by weight.3. The process according to claim 1 , said industrial lignin is one or more agents selected from wood pulp alkali lignin claim 1 , bamboo pulp ...

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Номер записи: 64
02-04-2015 дата публикации

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Recovery of Substituents using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents/Compound Mixtures with Low Transition Temperatures

Номер: US20150094459A1
Автор: Casal Maria Francisco, Kroon Maaike Christine, van den Bruinhorst Adriaan
Принадлежит:

Low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) or solvents are provided that can be used in methods and systems to dissolve and bydrolyze certain components from lignin-containing biomass (e.g., lignin) at mild conditions so that further degradation is prevented. The solvents, methods and systems according to the invention have various advantages over prior technology or approaches. For example, LTTMs are cheap solvents, renewable and/or non-toxic food ingredients. LTTMs dissolve lignin selectively from a lignin-containing biomass. A highly efficient (up to 90%) lignin recovery can be achieved. The recovered lignin is of higher quality. The remaining cellulose is also of higher. Much less water is needed, which means a tremendous reduction of the energy requirement in the recovery process, i.e. less energy needed for evaporating large quantities of water. 1. A method of separating lignin from a lignin-containing biomass , comprising:(a) having said lignin-containing biomass;(b) having a low transition temperature mixture (LTTM), wherein said LTTM is a combination of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, both of which are solids at about room temperature, and wherein said LTTM is a liquid within a first temperature range around said room temperature;(c) dissolving lignin of said lignin-containing biomass into said LTTM at a temperature within a second temperature range;(d) separating said dissolved lignin and said LTTM from solids remaining in said biomass; and(e) recovering said dissolved lignin from said LTTM.2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said step of separating said dissolved lignin and said LTTM comprises liquid/solid separating claim 1 , filtrating claim 1 , sedimentating or centrifugating to separate cellulose or hemicellulose.3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said step of recovering said dissolved lignin from said LTTM further comprises adding water to precipitate said dissolved lignin from said LTTM.4. The method as ...

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Номер записи: 65
19-06-2014 дата публикации

LIGNIN COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF PRODUCING THE COMPOSITIONS, METHODS OF USING LIGNIN COMPOSITIONS, AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREBY

Номер: US20140171379A1
Автор: Belman Ziv-Vladimir, Eyal Aharon, HALLAC Bassem, Jansen Robert, Kenig Shmuel, LAPIDOT Noa
Принадлежит:

Lignin compositions, lignin particles, products containing them, viscous paste containing lignin, lignin formulations, spinning methods, fibers, products produced from the fibers, methods to produce processed products from lignin, methods to produce downstream products, manufacturing processes and related products are described. 167-. (canceled)68. A lignin composition characterized (on a dry matter basis) by at least one , characteristic selected from the group consisting of:{'sub': 9', 'X', 'Y, '(a) a formula of CHO; wherein X is at least 9 and Y is less than 5;'}(b) an O/C ratio of less than 0.34;(c) an O/C ratio less than previously reported for lignin from a same specific lignocellulosic source;(d) an H/C ratio of less than 2;(e) an ash content of less than 0.5%;(f) a sulfur content of less than 70 PPM %;(g) a phosphorus content of less than 100 PPM;(h) a soluble carbohydrate content of less than 5%;(i) comprising less than 3% non-lignin material;(j) a total carbohydrate content of less than 0.05%(k) a non melting particulate content (>1 micron diameter; at 150° C.) of less than 0.05%; and(l) a volatiles content of less than 5% at 200° C.;wherein said composition is provided as a solid or as fibers.69. The composition according to characterized (on a dry matter basis) by at least three said characteristics.70. The composition according to characterized (on a dry matter basis) by at least five said characteristics.71. The composition according to characterized (on a dry matter basis) by at least nine said characteristics.72. The composition according to claim 68 , prepared from a substrate comprising hardwood claim 68 , a substrate comprising softwood claim 68 , or a substrate comprising hardwood and softwood.73. A product comprising the lignin composition according to and one or more other ingredients claim 68 , wherein the product is a product selected from the group consisting of: carbon fibers claim 68 , protective coatings claim 68 , lignosulfonates claim ...

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Номер записи: 66
09-04-2015 дата публикации

CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS VIA MODIFIED LIGNOSULFONATE CATALYSTS

Номер: US20150099867A1
Автор: Brizius Glen Leon
Принадлежит:

Biopolymer catalysts, methods of synthesizing a biopolymer catalyst, and methods of catalyzing the hydrolysis of cellulose with a biopolymer catalyst are described. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of synthesizing a microcrystalline biopolymer catalyst , the method comprising:sulfonating a biopolymer to form a sulfonated biopolymer,freezing the sulfonated biopolymer in liquid nitrogen; andgrinding the sulfonated biopolymer into a microcrystalline powder to form a microcrystalline biopolymer catalyst.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein sulfonating the biopolymer comprises sulfonating at least one of lignin claim 4 , cellulose claim 4 , hemicellulose claim 4 , dextrin claim 4 , a wood-derived biopolymer or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein sulfonating the biopolymer comprises sulfonating lignin.7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sulfonating the biopolymer comprises:treating the biopolymer with an acid to form a carbocation intermediate; andtreating the carbocation intermediate with bisulfite ions to form a sulfonated biopolymer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein treating the biopolymer with the acid comprises treating with sulfurous acid.9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising precipitating the sulfonated biopolymer as a salt.10. (canceled)11. The method of claim 9 , wherein precipitating the sulfonated biopolymer comprises adding at least one hydroxide solution selected from calcium hydroxide claim 9 , magnesium hydroxide claim 9 , beryllium hydroxide claim 9 , strontium hydroxide claim 9 , radium hydroxide claim 9 , barium hydroxide claim 9 , or combinations thereof.1213-. (canceled)14. The method of claim 9 , further comprising adjusting pH of the sulfonated biopolymer salt to form an acidic sulfonated biopolymer.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the adjusting the pH yields the acidic sulfonated biopolymer that comprises a sulfonated biopolymer with a plurality of pendent acid groups of formula —COOH claim 14 , a plurality of pendent ...

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Номер записи: 67
09-04-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING REACTIVE LIGNIN WITH HIGH YIELD FROM PLANT BIOMASS FOR PRODUCTION OF FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Номер: US20150099868A1
Автор: Laskar Dhrubojyoti Dey, YANG Bin
Принадлежит: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY

Provided are methods for aqueous isolation of depolymerized lignin in high yield from a lignin-containing biomass composition, comprising positioning a lignin-containing biomass composition into a flowthrough thermal reactor chamber to provide for passage of an aqueous fluid therethrough, contacting the lignin biomass composition with the aqueous fluid under elevated temperature conditions sufficient to provide for lignin release and depolymerization, flowing the aqueous fluid through the reactor chamber under the elevated temperature conditions, to provide an output aqueous fluid comprising released depolymerized lignin, and collecting the depolymerized lignin. Particular aspects further comprise hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the released depolymerized lignin with a catalyst or catalyst system for deconstruction of the released depolymerized lignin into lower molecular weight reactive lignin moieties and oligomers amenable for subsequent removal of oxygen to produce hydrocarbon fuels and/or chemicals and/or compounds. Systems for practicing the methods are also provided, along with highly purified depolymerized lignin. 1. A method for aqueous isolation of depolymerized lignin in high yield from a lignin-containing biomass composition , comprising:positioning a lignin-containing biomass composition into a flowthrough thermal reactor chamber comprising an input opening and an output opening configured to provide for passage of an aqueous fluid through the reactor chamber, the input opening in communication with a source of aqueous fluid;contacting the lignin biomass composition in the thermal reactor with the aqueous fluid, under elevated temperature conditions sufficient to provide for lignin release and depolymerization, by flowing the aqueous fluid through the reactor chamber under the elevated temperature conditions, to provide an output aqueous fluid comprising released depolymerized lignin; andcollecting, from the output opening, the output ...

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Номер записи: 68
28-03-2019 дата публикации

AQUEOUS LIGNIN AND HEMICELLULOSE DISPERSION

Номер: US20190091643A1
Автор: Lewis Mark
Принадлежит: Sustainable Fiber Technologies, LLC

A stable aqueous dispersion of solids in a liquid medium includes from 10 to 50 weight % (or 10 to 40 or 15 to 35 or 20 to 35 weight %), with respect to the total weight of the composition, of solids comprising a mixture of condensed and non-condensed lignin in an amount of at least 10 weight % (or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 weight %) of the solids, and hemicellulose in an amount of at least 1 weight % (or 5 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 weight %) of the solids, in a substantially aqueous liquid medium. 1. A stable aqueous dispersion comprising:from 10 to 50 weight % (or 10 to 40 or 15 to 35 or 20 to 35 weight %) with respect to the total weight of the composition, solids stably dispersed in a liquid medium; (i) lignin in an amount of at least 10 weight % (or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 weight %) of the solids, and', '(ii) hemicellulose in an amount of at least 1 weight % (or 5 or 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 weight %) of the solids,, 'wherein the solids comprises a. water, and', 'b. less than 5% by volume (or 2.5 or 1% by volume) with respect to the liquid medium of a C1-C10 alcohol,, 'wherein the liquid medium comprises'}wherein the dispersion comprises less than 500 parts per million (ppm) (or 200, or 100 or 50 ppm) of sulfur, andwherein the dispersion further comprises at least one basic compound and has a pH in the range of 8.0 to 11.2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises less than 50 weight % (or 40 or 30 or 20 or 10 weight %) of condensed oligomers/polymers claim 1 , and 50% weight % (or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 weight %) or greater of non-condensed monomers/oligomers/polymers.3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the solids comprise less than 5 weight % (or 2.5 or 1 or 0.5 weight %) solids of any of the monosaccharides selected from the group of xylose claim 1 , mannose claim 1 , galactose claim 1 , rhamnose claim 1 , and arabinose.4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the basic compound comprises at least one of an alkali metal carbonate and bicarbonate claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 69
05-04-2018 дата публикации

PROTECTIVE MEMBRANE COMPOSITION

Номер: US20180094138A1
Автор: AERTS Hans, Boisdenghien Arnaud
Принадлежит: IMPERBEL

The present invention concerns a protective membrane composition comprising: 1. Protective membrane composition for a roof covering , comprising: a) a refined pyrolytic lignin having a viscosity ≧3000 mPa·s at 180° C., measured according to the ASTM D2171 standard method, and a bituminous composition, or', 'b) said refined pyrolytic lignin, and at least one oil chosen from the group consisting of vegetable oils, petrochemical oils, and mixtures thereof, where the bio-based composition is substantially free of any additional bituminous composition content,, 'a bio-based composition containingat least one polymer forming a polymeric matrix, wherein said bio-based composition is homogenously dispersed, andthe protective membrane composition having a Newtonian viscosity comprised between 1500 and 30000 mPa·s, preferably between 3000 and 15000 mPa·s, determined according to the ASTM D2171 standard method.2. Protective membrane composition according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-based composition (a) comprises between 15-97% by weight of the bituminous composition or wherein the bio-based composition (b) comprises between 15-97% by weight of said at least one oil claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the protective membrane composition.3. Protective membrane composition according to claim 1 , wherein the bio-based composition comprises between 3 and 85% by weight of pyrolytic lignin claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the composition.4. Protective membrane composition according to claim 1 , wherein the bio based composition (a) refined pyrolytic lignin having a viscosity ≧3000 mPa·s comprises said at least one oil claim 1 , which acts as a plasticizer claim 1 , in an amount comprised between 1-20% by weight claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the protective membrane composition.5. Protective membrane composition according to claim 1 , comprising between 0.5-40% by weight claim 1 , preferably between 1-25% by weight claim 1 , more preferably ...

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Номер записи: 70
06-04-2017 дата публикации

Polyols for thermoset and thermoplastic applications of lignin

Номер: US20170096519A1
Автор: Eric Kurple
Принадлежит: Individual

A composition comprising: lignin, a polyol carrier compound and an isocyanate is disclosed. The lignin being mixed with the polyol carrier compound. The polyol carrier compound is selected from the group consisting of TCPP, TECP, TMCP, TDCP, etholoxylated and propoxylated phenols, tris-chloroisopropyl phosphate, amino methyl propanol , glycerin carbonate, polyether modified polysiloxanes, bromophthalic anhydride derivatives, propanediols; bromine, chlorine and/or phosphorus based fire retardents, epoxies, glycerins, sugar, glycols, certain natural oil based polyols and ethoxylated and or propoxylated alcohols. The lignin-polyol carrier compound mixture is reacted with the isocyanate producing a foam, plastic or other material. For a thermoplastic solid the same polyol carrier compounds are used but in higher percentages of lignin.

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Номер записи: 71
14-04-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR PREPARING THERMALLY STABLE LIGNIN FRACTIONS

Номер: US20160102113A1
Автор: HALLAC Bassem, Jansen Robert, LAPIDOT Noa, LAWSON Jams Alan, Rotem Perry
Принадлежит: VIRDIA, INC.

The present invention relates to fractions of high purity lignin which are thermally stable, and to methods of producing said fractions from lignocellulosic material. 136-. (canceled)37. A lignin composition comprising lignin , wherein the composition is characterized by a consistent glass transition temperature (Tg) as determined by two consecutive differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) runs of the same lignin portion according to DIN 53765-1994 , wherein a first Tg is measured during a first DSC run , a second Tg is measured during a second DSC run , and the difference between the first Tg and the second Tg is less than 10° C.38. The composition of claim 37 , wherein the difference between the first Tg and the second Tg is less than 5° C.39. The composition of claim 37 , wherein the second glass transition temperature is above 160° C.40. The composition of claim 37 , wherein the second glass transition temperature is below 100° C.41. The composition of claim 37 , further comprising a marker molecule at a concentration of at least 100 ppb.42. The composition of claim 41 , wherein the marker molecule is selected from the group consisting of isopropanol claim 41 , ethyl acetate claim 41 , ethyl formate claim 41 , dichloromethane claim 41 , hexanol claim 41 , furfural claim 41 , hydroxy-methyl furfural claim 41 , 2 claim 41 ,3 claim 41 ,5 trimethyl furan claim 41 , p-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid claim 41 , 4-hydroxy-3 claim 41 ,5-dimethoxyphenyl acetic acid claim 41 , methylethyl ketone claim 41 , methylpropenyl ketone claim 41 , 3-(2-furyl)-3-penten-2-one claim 41 , 3-methyl-2-penten-4-one claim 41 , 3 claim 41 ,4-dimethyl-4-hexene-one claim 41 , 5-ethyl-5-hexene-3-one claim 41 , 5-methyl-4-heptene-3-one claim 41 , o-hydroxyanisole claim 41 , 3-ethyl-4-methyl-3-penten-2-one claim 41 , 3 claim 41 ,4 claim 41 ,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one claim 41 , 2′-hydroxy-4′ claim 41 ,5′-dimethylacetophenone claim 41 , 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane claim 41 , methanol ...

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Номер записи: 72
14-04-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING LOW-MOLECULAR LIGNIN DERIVATIVE

Номер: US20160102114A1
Автор: CHANG Jin Hwa, Jung Min Ho, KIM Da Eun, Kim Jung Min, KIM Young Ran, Lee Sang Mok, MOON Sun Joo, PARK Jeung Yil
Принадлежит:

A method of preparing a low-molecular lignin derivative comprises the step of: preparing lignin by hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass with an acid; preparing a first mixture by mixing 100 parts by weight of the lignin and 500 parts or more by weight of a phenolic compound; preparing a second mixture by mixing the first mixture with a solvent including the hydrophobic polar solvent; and recovering a low-molecular lignin derivative from the second mixture. 1. A preparation method of a low-molecular lignin derivative , the method comprising:preparing lignin by hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass with an acid;preparing a first mixture by mixing 100 parts by weight of the lignin and 500 parts by weight or more of a phenolic compound;preparing a second mixture by mixing the first mixture with a solvent including a hydrophobic polar solvent; andrecovering a low-molecular lignin derivative from the second mixture.2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass comprises hydrochloric acid.3. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises a dry lignin powder obtained by neutralizing claim 1 , drying claim 1 , and pulverizing a lignin separated from an - hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass.4. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of phenol claim 1 , o-cresol claim 1 , m-cresol claim 1 , p-cresol claim 1 , catechol claim 1 , resorcinol claim 1 , hydroquinone claim 1 , and pyrogallol.5. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein 550 to 2000 parts by weight of the phenolic compound is mixed claim 1 , based on 100 parts by weight of lignin.6. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing of the lignin with the phenolic compound is performed at 70° C. or higher.7. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing of the lignin with the phenolic compound is performed ...

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Номер записи: 73
26-03-2020 дата публикации

METHODS OF MAKING AND USING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20200095270A1
Автор: Cheung Chin Li, Helle Mark Alan
Принадлежит:

Materials and methods for preparing reactive lignin and for preparing a bio-based adhesive are described herein. 1. A bioadhesive comprising an epoxidized vegetable oil and a vinyl sulfone precursor.2. The bioadhesive of claim 1 , wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , peanut oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , crambe oil claim 1 , lesquerella oil claim 1 , meadowfoam oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , tall oil claim 1 , sesame oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , linseed oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. A method of making a bioadhesive claim 1 , comprising combining an epoxidized vegetable oil with a vinyl sulfone precursor claim 1 , thereby making a bioadhesive.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the combining is performed under basic conditions.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the basic conditions comprise a pH of between about 8 and about 10.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the combining is performed under mild heat.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the mild heat comprises a temperature of about 35° C. to about 85° C.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the combining is performed in the absence of an organic solvent.9. A method of making a biocomposite material claim 1 , comprising combining the bioadhesive of with a natural material to form a biocomposite material.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the natural material is selected from the group consisting of wood shavings claim 9 , wood chips claim 9 , wood particles claim 9 , pinewood shavings claim 9 , hemp claim 9 , waste cotton claim 9 , other crop wastes.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the bio-composite material is selected from the group consisting of wood composite boards claim 9 , particle board claim 9 , plywood claim 9 , packaging materials and edible adhesives.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the bio-composite material is selected from the group consisting of absorbents claim 9 , super-absorbents claim 9 , bio- ...

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Номер записи: 74
13-04-2017 дата публикации

Method for producing solid lignin

Номер: US20170101430A1
Автор: Anders Littorin, Eric Enqvist, Henrik Wallmo, Panu Tikka, Tobias Wittmann, Ville Tarvo
Принадлежит: Valmet Technologies Oy

Lignin-rich starting material is suspended in a first medium, which is acidic and aqueous, to form a aqueous acidic suspension, which is heated and allowed to form two continuous phases, a thermoplastic lignin phase and an aqueous phase. The thermoplastic lignin phase is separated from the aqueous phase and passed through a shape giving process into a second medium which is at a temperature lower than that of the thermoplastic lignin phase and in which the thermoplastic lignin phase is essentially insoluble. Solid lignin formed in the second medium is recovered.

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Номер записи: 75
21-04-2016 дата публикации

Compositions Comprising Lignin

Номер: US20160108182A1
Автор: Kadam Kiran L., KILAMBI Srinivas
Принадлежит:

Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A phenolic resin:wherein at least a portion of said phenolic resin is produced by a reaction with a phenol substitute; lignin; and', 'wherein said phenol substitute is a solid residue remaining after extracting lignocellulosic biomass using a two stage process, said two stage process comprising:', 'a first stage, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is treated at a temperature of about 130° C. to about 250° C. for about 0.5 min to about 5 hours; and', 'a second stage, wherein solids obtained from said first stage are treated at a temperature of about 250° C. to about 450° C. for about 0.1 sec to about 3 min., 'wherein said phenol substitute comprises2. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has an average particle size less than about 500 microns.3. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said first stage employs a pressure of about 4 bar to about 100 bar.4. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said second stage employs a pressure of about 40 bar to about 260 bar or about 230 bar to about 300 bar.5. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 150 mg of sulfur per kg of said lignin.6. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said two stage process employs supercritical water, subcritical water, or near critical water.7. The phenolic resin of claim 6 ,wherein said supercritical water, subcritical water, or near critical water does not comprise acid.8. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol substitute at a level of at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of said phenol substitute, as measured by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry; orwherein said lignin is present in said phenol substitute in an amount greater than about 50 wt. %, based on the weight of said phenol substitute, as measured by NREL procedures.9. The ...

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Номер записи: 76
03-07-2014 дата публикации

Lignin in particulate form

Номер: US20140186627A1
Автор: Amar N. Neogi, Qiusheng PU
Принадлежит: Weyerhaeuser NR Co

Lignin in particulate form is provided. The lignin particles have relatively large diameter and relatively low density, compared to known lignin particles. The lignin is formed from black liquor using supersaturation of an ionic solution. Methods of forming the lignin particulate are also provided.

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Номер записи: 77
03-07-2014 дата публикации

Lignin Precipitation Methods

Номер: US20140187760A1
Автор: PU Qiusheng
Принадлежит: WEYERHAEUSER NR COMPANY

A method of separating lignin from black liquor from a pulp mill by adjusting the pH of the black liquor is provided. Various additional steps can be used to further process the separated lignin, including washing, drying, and/or comminuting. In certain embodiments, solvents and byproducts are recycled so as to reduce waste and maintain chemical balance within a commercial lignin production facility. 1. A method of separating lignin from black liquor , comprising the steps of:(a) adjusting the pH of the black liquor to between about 8.5 and about 10.0 to provide a basic lignin suspension;(b) displacing liquid from the basic lignin suspension with a first water solution to provide dirty cake lignin;(c) comminuting the dirty cake lignin with a comminuting acidic material to provide an acidic lignin suspension having a pH between about 1.5 and about 6.0 and an ion concentration between about 0.1 and about 0.5 M; and(d) precipitating the acidic lignin suspension to provide lignin solids.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of washing the lignin solids to provide clean cake lignin.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of washing the lignin solids results in an acidic filtrate that is adjusted to a pH above about 7 with a basic solution and used as the first water solution in the step of displacing liquid from the basic lignin suspension.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of displacing liquid from the basic lignin suspension produces an alkaline filtrate.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alkaline filtrate is used in the step of adjusting the pH of the black liquor.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of adjusting the pH of the black liquor comprises sequentially and separately adding an alkaline material and an acidic material to the black liquor claim 4 , and wherein the alkaline material is the alkaline filtrate.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of comminuting the lignin solids.8. The method of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 78
28-04-2016 дата публикации

SULFATED BETA-O4 LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT LIGNINS

Номер: US20160115280A1
Автор: Desai Umesh R., MEHTA Akul, Thakkar Jay
Принадлежит:

Low molecular weight sulfated beta-O4 lignin (SbO4L) are potent inhibitors of coagulation with high selectivity. 2. A sulfated low molecular weight lignin preparation based on SbO4L structure of wherein n ranges from 4-6.3. A sulfated low molecular weight lignin preparation based on SbO4L structure of wherein n ranges from 5-10.4. A sulfated low molecular weight lignin preparation based on SbO4L structure of wherein n ranges from 10-25.5. A sulfated low molecular weight lignin preparation based on SbO4L structure of wherein n ranges from 15-50.7. A mixture of two or more different sulfated lignin scaffolds claim 1 , each of which is a SbO4L compound as set forth in .8. A lignin containing composition comprising:one or more carriers or matrices; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'one or more lignins, at least one of which is an SbO4L compound as set forth in .'}9. A method of making an SbO4L compound or mixture of SbO4L compounds as set forth in claim 1 , comprising the steps of:polymerizing at least one monomer to obtain a polymer of having the chemical backbone of an SbO4L compound;reducing the polymer produced in said polymerizing step; andsulfating the reduce polymers produced in said reducing step.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said at least one monomer is ethyl 2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-propanoate.11. The method of wherein said at least one monomer is only one monomer.12. A method of preventing or reducing coagulation of blood or plasma claim 1 , comprising the step of adding to the said blood or plasma an SbO4L compound or mixture or composition as set forth in to the said blood or plasma.13. The method of wherein the said step of adding is performed ex vivo.14. The method of wherein the said step of adding is performed in vivo.15. A method of preventing or reducing coagulation of blood or plasma claim 6 , comprising the step of adding to the said blood or plasma an SbO4L compound or mixture or composition as set forth ...

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Номер записи: 79
28-04-2016 дата публикации

LIGNIN PRODUCT AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

Номер: US20160115281A1
Автор: Blackburn John C., Lake Michael A.
Принадлежит:

There is provided a process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin, generating a “liquid-lignin” at high yield. Lignin at elevated pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating two bulk fluid phases: a dense liquid-lignin phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The dense liquid-lignin phase is separated and washed with a strong acid to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt, randomly shaped lignin. If needed, especially for lignin recovered from kraft papermaking black-liquor streams, an oxidation step is included to eliminate negative odor for high value green chemistry applications. 1. A process for recovering lignin from a crude lignin-containing waste stream comprising:(a) carbonating said crude lignin-containing waste stream liquor at a temperature and pressure sufficient to neutralize NaOH and other basic components with an amount of carbon dioxide sufficient to reduce the pH to between 9 and 10.5;(b) subjecting said carbonated lignin-containing waste stream to a phase separation wherein a dense liquid-lignin phase is formed, a lignin-depleted liquid phase is formed, and NaOH and other basic components are neutralized;(c) recovering said lignin-depleted liquid phase;(d) removing said dense liquid-lignin phase and neutralized NaOH and other basic components from the bottom of said column and acidifying said dense liquid-lignin phase with sulfuric acid to neutralize residual NaOH and other basic components, thereby generating a granular lignin;(e) recovering the granular lignin.2. The process according to wherein carbonating said crude lignin-containing waste stream at a temperature and pressure sufficient to neutralize NaOH and other basic components contained therein at a temperature between 100° C. and 150° C. and a pressure between about 50 psig and about 200 psig.3. The process according to wherein ...

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Номер записи: 80
30-04-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR LIGNIN SEPARATION FROM BLACK LIQUOR

Номер: US20150119559A1
Автор: Axegård Peter, Ohman Fredrik, Theliander Hans, TOMANI Per
Принадлежит:

The method is for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) that has a first precipitation phase (PR1/PR2) for precipitation of lignin by a first acidification using acidifier, CO, at alkaline conditions, then separating a lignin cake with subsequent suspension of the lignin cake in a strong acid in order to leach out metals from the lignin followed by dewatering and obtaining a clean lignin product LP. Lignin germ particles (LG) are added to the original black liquor in the first precipitation stage, preferably between two phases in said precipitation stage, in order to increase lignin particle growth on such lignin germ particles instead of spontaneous nucleation of lignin particles in said original black liquor. This results in improved filterability in subsequent dewatering and lignin cake formation and hence an increased lignin yield. 1. A method for separation of lignin from original black liquor (BL) having a first pH value , comprising the following phases in sequence:a first precipitation stage (PR) wherein an acidifier charge is added to the original black liquor in order to decrease the pH value of the original black liquor to a second pH level initiating precipitation of lignin whereby said second pH level is above pH 7 and below 11.5,{'sub': '1', 'followed by a separation phase (FP) wherein the precipitated lignin is separated as a lignin cake from the remaining liquid phase of the acidified original black liquor,'}lignin germ particles are added to the original black liquor in the first precipitation stage in order to increase lignin particle growth on such lignin germ particles instead of spontaneous nucleation of lignin particles in said original black liquor.2. A method according to wherein the first precipitation stage is divided into at least two phases in sequence claim 1 , and wherein a first acidifier charge is added to the original black liquor in a first precipitation phase (PR 1) in order to decrease the pH value of the original ...

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Номер записи: 81
30-04-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN

Номер: US20150119560A1
Автор: FRIEDL Anton, FUQAHA Halim, Messner Kurt, Srebotnik Ewald, Ters Thomas, ZIKELI Florian
Принадлежит: ANNIKKI GMBH

A method for the preparation of lignin, characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated, and, optionally, from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin; as well as a method for the preparation of a concentrated alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin by membrane filtration; the use of the lignin thus prepared; and the isolation of hydroxy cinnamic acids from the solution, from which the lignin has been separated. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline , alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated , and , optionally , from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin.2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution of lignin claim 1 , the precipitated higher-molecular lignin fraction is separated and from the solution obtained upon separation alcohol is removed claim 1 , in particular by vaporization claim 1 , vacuum vaporization claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , vacuum distillation claim 1 , in order to precipitate low-molecular lignin fractions.3. A method according to for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol claim 1 , in particular a Calcohol claim 1 , in particular ethanol claim 1 , water and a base claim 1 , in particular sodium hydroxide claim 1 , at a temperature below 100° C. claim 1 , in particular from 40° C. to 90° C. claim 1 , in particular from 50° C. to 70° C. claim 1 , in particular such claim 1 , that the concentration of the base claim 1 , based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose to be pulped claim 1 , is from 3 to 12% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 4 to 10% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 5 to 8% by weight claim 1 , characterized in that the lignin present in the alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution is separated from the solid claim ...

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Номер записи: 82
09-04-2020 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF FUEL GRADE HYDROCARBONS BY HYDROTREATMENT OF FUNCTIONALIZED LIGNIN

Номер: US20200109286A1
Автор: DAHLSTRAND Christian, SAMEC Joseph
Принадлежит: REN FUEL K2B AB

The present invention relates to a composition and a method of preparing the composition where the composition comprising functionalized lignin having a weight average molecular weight (M) of at least 1,000 g/mol and a green carrier liquid comprising depolymerized functional lignin, wherein the functionalized lignin is dissolved in the green carrier liquid and wherein the amount of depolymerized functionalized lignin compounds in the composition is higher than the amount of functionalized lignin. 1. A composition comprising functionalized lignin having a weight average molecular weight (M) of at least 1 ,000 g/mol and a green carrier liquid comprising depolymerized functionalized lignin compounds and wherein the depolymerized functionalized lignin compounds comprises petrol and diesel compounds in an amount of at least 5 wt % , wherein the functionalized lignin is functionalized with an alkyl containing group via linker group wherein the linker is an ether or an ester and wherein the functionalized lignin is dissolved in the green carrier liquid and wherein the amount of depolymerized functionalized lignin compounds in the composition is higher than the amount of functionalized lignin.2. (canceled)3. The composition according to wherein the concentration of functionalized lignin is at least 1 wt % claim 1 , or at least 3 wt % claim 1 , or at least 5 wt % claim 1 , or at least 10 wt % claim 1 , or at least 15 wt % claim 1 , or at least 25 wt % claim 1 , or 40 wt % or less claim 1 , or 35 wt % or less claim 1 , or 30 wt % or less of the total weight of the composition.4. The composition according to wherein the lignin is Kraft lignin or organosols lignin.5. The composition according to wherein the concentration of depolymerized functionalized lignin compounds in the composition is at least 40 wt % claim 1 , or at least 50 wt % claim 1 , or at least 60 wt % claim 1 , or at least 70 wt % claim 1 , or at least 80 wt % claim 1 , or at least 90 wt %.6. The composition ...

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Номер записи: 83
17-07-2014 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF POLYOLS USING DISTILLERS GRAINS AND PROTEINS AND LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM DISTILLERS GRAINS

Номер: US20140200324A1
Автор: Bassi Sukh, Ionescu Mihail, Parker Michael Douglas, Petrovic Zoran
Принадлежит:

Processes for the production of polyols from sources such as dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) make use of a two-stage reaction scheme. In the first stage, the proteinaceous starting material is reacted with an aminating agent, such as diethanolamine (DEOA), to generate amino-amides and amides. These products are then reacted with an alkoxylating agent, preferably a substituted or unsubstituted epoxide to yield polyols. These polyols may be further reacted with isocyanates to give low-cost rigid polyurethane foams. In alternate forms, lignin may be directly converted to polyols by reaction with an alkoxylating agent, optionally followed by reaction with an isocyanate to produce polyurethanes. 1. A process for the production of polyols comprising the steps of:reacting a proteinaceous component selected from the group consisting of distillers grains, polyamides, and mixtures thereof, with an amine under reaction conditions to generate amino-amides and amides; andreacting said amino-amides and amides with an alkoxylating agent to generate polyols.2. The process of claim 1 , said distillers grains being dried distillers grains with solubles.3. The process of claim 1 , said amine selected from the group consisting of primary amines claim 1 , secondary amines claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of C2-C12 alkanols and alkenols.6. The process of claim 5 , each R1 and R2 being selected from the group consisting of C2-C4 alkanols.7. The process of claim 6 , each R1 and R2 being —CH2CH2OH.8. The process of claim 1 , said proteinaceous component comprising DDGS claim 1 , the ratio of said DDGS and said amine being from about 0.5-3.9. The process of claim 8 , said ratio being from about 1-1.2.10. The process of claim 1 , said proteinaceous component and said amine being reacted at a temperature of from about 150-250° C.11. The process of claim 10 , said temperature being from about 190-200 ...

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Номер записи: 84
05-05-2016 дата публикации

Renewable aromatics from lignocellulosic lignin

Номер: US20160122379A1
Автор: Simmons Blake, Singh Seema, Varanasi Patanjali
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides novel and improved processes for treating a lignocellulosic biomass or technical lignin using ionic liquids to obtain lignin breakdown products and polysaccharide biomass components. Recycling of ionic liquids can be included in the methods of the invention. 1. A composition containing low molecular weight or monomeric non-polar aromatic lignin compounds formed from:i) solubilizing a lignocellulosic biomass or polymeric lignin in a solution comprising a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL);ii) extracting the lignin compounds from the ionic liquid by contacting the ionic liquid with an extractant; andiii) separating the lignin compounds from the extractant.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid is [Cmim][OAc].3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the extractant is selected from the group consisting of water claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , pentanol claim 1 , hexanol claim 1 , heptanol claim 1 , octanol claim 1 , isooctonol claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , pentane claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , heptane claim 1 , octane claim 1 , isooctane claim 1 , and a second IL.4. A method comprising:contacting a starting material comprising lignin with an ionic liquid for at least about 3 hours to generate a solubilized material;extracting low molecular weight or monomeric non-polar aromatic lignin compounds from the ionic liquid with an extractant;precipitating a fraction of the solubilized material with a polar solvent to generate a precipitated fraction and a supernatant; andseparating the precipitated fraction from the supernatant. The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/650,506, which is a national stage entry of International Pat. Appl. No. PCT/US2013/073936, filed Dec. 9, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Pat. Appl. No. 61/734,898, filed Dec. 7, 2012, which ...

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Номер записи: 85
07-05-2015 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20150126685A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. In one example, a thermoplastic may be added to produce a trans-esterified HPL/thermoplastic blend. 1. A trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend comprising:a thermoplastic polyester; and precipitating a lignin;', 'dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;', 'adding a reagent to the solution;', 'adjusting a pH of the solution;', 'allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time such that the lignin has undergone transesterification with a nearby polyester macromolecule from the thermoplastic polyester, thereby transferring a segment of the polyester onto the lignin;', 'precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; and', 'washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the lignin/thermoplastic polyester blend., 'a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) that can be blended with the thermoplastic polyester, wherein the trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend is created by2. The trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is a Kraft lignin precipitated by a Lignoboost process.3. The trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution and the sodium hydroxide solution is about four percent to about six percent sodium hydroxide.4. The trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is propylene oxide and a total weight of the propylene oxide added to the solution is about half a total weight of the ...

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Номер записи: 86
07-05-2015 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20150126686A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. In one example, a thermoplastic may be added to produce a trans-esterified HPL/thermoplastic blend. 1. A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) , the method comprising:precipitating a lignin;dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;adding a reagent to the solution;adjusting a pH of the solution;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL, wherein the trans-esterified HPL can be blended with a thermoplastic polyester.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is a Kraft lignin precipitated by a Lignoboost process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is about four percent to about six percent sodium hydroxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of about 11.5 pH to about 12.5 pH.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is propylene oxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total weight of the propylene oxide added to the solution is about half a total weight of the precipitated lignin in the solution.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is precipitated by reducing the pH to below about 2.5 pH.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:adding sulfuric acid to reduce the pH.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 87
07-05-2015 дата публикации

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20150126687A1
Автор: Cao Nhiem, Glasser Wolfgang G., Oden Kevin
Принадлежит: CYCLEWOOD SOLUTIONS, INC.

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. In one example, a thermoplastic may be added to produce a trans-esterified HPL/thermoplastic blend. 1. A method for producing a biodegradable plastic , the method comprising:extruding a trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend, the trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend comprising: precipitating a lignin;', 'dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;', 'adding a reagent to the solution;', 'adjusting a pH of the solution;', 'allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time such that the lignin has undergone transesterification with a nearby polyester macromolecule from a polyester, thereby transferring a segment of the polyester onto the lignin;', 'precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; and', 'washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the lignin/thermoplastic polyester blend., 'a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL), wherein the trans-esterified HPL is created by2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an alkyl ester of the HPL exchanges carboxylic acid groups with an alcohol terminated segment of a polyester chain such that long chain polyester segments are covalently-bond to the HPL.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extent of transesterification of the lignin/thermoplastic blend is controlled such that extensive crosslinking does not occur in order to retain thermoplastic properties.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable plastic is a film product claim 1 , a formed and molded product claim 1 , an ...

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Номер записи: 88
07-05-2015 дата публикации

NITRATED LIGNIN ESTER AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME

Номер: US20150126716A1
Автор: Bergman James, Caes Benjamin, Kessler Michael Richard, Rivas Manuel J., Xia Ying
Принадлежит:

The present invention is related to a nitrated lignin ester, comprising a structure including ester groups derived from hydroxy groups of lignin, nitric acid ester groups and nitro-group substituted aromatic moieties. The present invention is furthermore related to a process of making said nitrated lignin ester. 1. A nitrated lignin ester , comprising: [{'sub': 2', '10, '(C-C)ester groups derived from hydroxy groups of lignin, nitric acid ester groups, and'}, 'phenyl rings having nitro groups substituted thereon., 'a lignin structure comprising'}2. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 1 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester is derived from lignin by esterification and nitration.3. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 1 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester is derived from alkaline lignin.4. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 1 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester has a degree of esterification wherein half or the majority of hydroxyl groups of the lignin starting material are esterified claim 1 , and a degree of nitration of about 1% to about 100%.5. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 4 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester has a degree of esterification wherein about 50% to about 100% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified.6. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 4 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester has a degree of esterification wherein about 70% to about 100% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified.7. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 4 , wherein the nitrated lignin ester has a degree of nitration of about 50% to about 100%.8. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 4 , wherein the nitrated lignin ester has a degree of nitration of about 75% to about 100%.9. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 1 , wherein said nitrated lignin ester has a degree of esterification of about 50% to about 100% in combination with a degree of nitration of about 100%.10. The nitrated lignin ester according to claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 89
14-05-2015 дата публикации

MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR RICE HUSK FIBER SYNTHETIC RESIN POWDER AND RICE HUSK FIBER PRODUCT

Номер: US20150130108A1
Автор: Chong Chenpang
Принадлежит: HUSK'S GREEN TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED

A manufacturing process for rice husk fiber synthetic resin powder includes grinding rice husks into rice husk powder, feeding the powder into a mixer, adding and uniformly mixing cellulose, starch, and water, removing and cooling the mixture into rice husk fiber powder; additionally putting natural resin and lignin into a reaction kettle, adding water and agitating uniformly into slurry, adding nano-silica and continuing agitating evenly, and after cooling, adding the rice husk fiber powder and continuing the agitation, cooling and removing the mixture, thus obtaining a paste material; and injecting the paste material into a flash drier to produce rice husk fiber synthetic resin powder. The rice husk fiber synthetic resin powder can be used to make rice husk fiber products such as tableware, toys, furniture and kitchenware that have good physical properties and are degradable into organic fertilizer, thereby being environmentally friendly and commercially promising. 1. A manufacturing process for rice husk fiber synthetic resin powder , being characterized in comprising the following steps:(1). grinding 20-80 wt % rice husk into fine rice husk powder having a mesh size of 50-300;(2). feeding the rice husk powder of Step (1) into a high-speed heating mixer, adding 5-35 wt % cellulose and 5-40 wt % starch, mixing well while introducing 10-35 wt % water, removing the mixture from the mixer, letting the mixture to cool, and thereby obtaining rice husk fiber powder;(3). placing 15-35 wt % natural resin and 65-85 wt % lignin into a reaction kettle, adding 10-20 wt % water into the kettle, agitating the mixture uniformly into slurry, heating the mixture to 100- 300° C., then adding 5-15 wt % nano-silica, mixing the mixture uniformly, cooling the kettle to a temperature below 120° C., adding 20-80 wt % rice husk fiber powder, keeping mixing, removing the well mixed mixture from the kettle, and thereby obtaining a paste material;(4). pouring the paste material of Step (3) ...

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Номер записи: 90
24-07-2014 дата публикации

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM SOFTWOOD FEEDSTOCKS

Номер: US20140206799A1
Автор: BALAKSHIN Mikhail Yurevich, BERLIN Alex, DELLICOLLI Humbert Thomas, GRUNERT Chadrick Adam Nathaniel Jordan, Gutman Vera Maximenko, ORTIZ Darwin, PYE Edward Kendall
Принадлежит: LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD.

The present invention relates to softwood lignin derivatives having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g lignin, and the preparation method thereof. The lignin derivatives have a desired antioxidant activity characterized by radical scavenging index (RSI). Another aspect of the invention relates to compositions comprising the softwood lignin derivative. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of the softwood lignin derivatives comprising incorporating the softwood lignin derivatives into polymer compositions. 1. A softwood lignin derivative recovered from a pulping process of a lignocellulosic biomass , said softwood lignin derivative having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g , a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 g/mol to about 5000 g/mol , a phenolic hydroxyl content of from about 2 mmol/g to about 8 mmol/g , and a normalized RSI of 10 or greater.2. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 1 , dilute acid hydrolysis claim 1 , ammonia fiber expansion claim 1 , autohydrolysis claim 1 , kraft and modifications thereof claim 1 , soda pulping and modifications thereof claim 1 , sulphite pulping claim 1 , and organosolv processes.3. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is a sulphite process claim 1 , a kraft process or modifications thereof.4. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the wherein the lignin derivative has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 5.5. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.75 mmol/g to about 5 mmol/g.6. The lignin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is derived from biomass comprising pine claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.7Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda. The lignin derivative according ...

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Номер записи: 91
12-05-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

Номер: US20160130408A1
Автор: Bauer Timothy Allen, HALLAC Bassem, Jansen Robert, LAPIDOT Noa, Lawson James Allen, Madsen Lee, MATIS Neta, Perry Rotem, Travisano Philip, ZVIELY Michael
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products such as asphalt and bio oils. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products such as asphalt and bio oils. 177-. (canceled)78. A lignin composition characterized by at least six characteristics selected from the group consisting of:(i) lignin aliphatic hydroxyl groups in an amount up to 2 mmole/g;(ii) at least 2.5 mmole/g lignin phenolic hydroxyl groups;(iii) less than 0.40 mmole/g lignin carboxylic hydroxyl groups;(iv) sulfur in an amount up to 1% weight/weight;(v) nitrogen in an amount up to 0.5% weight/weight;(vi) 5% degradation temperature higher than 220° C.;(vii) 10% degradation temperature higher than 260° C.;(viii) less than 1% ash weight/weight;{'sub': a', 'b', 'c, '(ix) a formula of CHO; wherein a is 9, b is less than 12 and c is less than 3.5;'}(x) a degree of condensation of less than 0.9;(xi) a methoxyl content of at least 0.8;(xii) an O/C weight ratio of less than 0.4; and(xiii) a glass transition elevation between a first and a second heat cycle as measured by differential scanning calorimetry according to DIN 53765 in the range of 10 to 30° C.79. The composition of claim 78 , further characterized by at least one additional characteristic selected from the group consisting of:(i) less than 1% carbohydrates weight/weight;(ii) solubility in DMSO is >100 g/L;(iii) solubility in THF is >35 g/L;(iv) solubility in 0.1 N NaOH aqueous solution is >8 g/L;(v) less than 1% water by weight;(vi) less than 1% volatile components at 200° C. by weight;(vii) a sulfur concentration of less than 0.1% weight/weight;(viii) soluble sugar content of less than 1% weight/weight;(ix) a phosphorus concentration of less than 100 PPM; and(x) less than 0.1 times the amount of volatile sulfur compounds found in Kraft lignin.80. The composition of ...

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Номер записи: 92
12-05-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPENT PULPING LIQUOR FOR THE REMOVAL AND PRODUCTION OF A LIGNIN CONTAINING PRODUCT

Номер: US20160130752A1
Автор: ARKELL Anders, Olsson Johanna, Stigsson Lars
Принадлежит:

The present invention describes a method for the treatment of spent pulping liquor for the removal and production of organic substances rich in lignin and recovering or recycling of aqueous cooking chemicals to pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle, said method comprising passing a spent pulping liquor flow from a digester or an evaporator, DF or from any other step in between the digester and the evaporator, through a filtration step in which the flow is separated into one aqueous stream comprising cooking chemicals being recovered or recycled and one stream concentrated with the respect of organic substances; passing the stream concentrated with respect of organic substances either to a lignin depolymerisation step for the production of liquid and pumpable depolymerised lignin or passing the stream concentrated with respect to organic substances to a subsequent filtration step in which an aqueous solution is added and further treatments in order to produce a solid lignin containing product. 149-. (canceled)50. A method for the production of a stream of depolymerised lignin in liquid form by the treatment of a kraft spent cooking liquor (black liquor) comprising lignin and spent kraft cooking chemicals , said method comprising:a′) passing black liquor to one or more separation steps wherein the black liquor is divided into one or more aqueous alkaline streams comprising cooking chemicals and into one or more streams concentrated with respect to lignin;a″) recycling cooking chemicals to a pulp mill chemicals recovery cycle;b) passing or pumping a stream concentrated with respect to lignin from step a′ into a lignin depolymerisation step comprising one or more depolymerisation reactors in order to produce a stream of depolymerised lignin;c) further treating the stream of depolymerised lignin from step b) in one or more acidulation steps, extraction steps and/or separation steps in order to produce a depolymerised lignin product, substantially free from spent cooking ...

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Номер записи: 93
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Zwitterionic lignin derivatives

Номер: US20150135989A1
Автор: Sivaraman Raghu
Принадлежит: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC

Methods and compositions with anti-fouling properties that are derived from lignin are disclosed. The compositions include lignin with one or more zwitterionic functional groups. The lignin with one or more zwitterionic functional groups may be incorporated in paints and coatings to prepare biocidal coatings.

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Номер записи: 94
02-05-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING LOW AIR ENTRAINING, LOW VISCOSITY LIGNOSULFONATES

Номер: US20190127275A1
Автор: ANDRESEN Martin, FREDHEIM Guro Elise, GARGULAK Jerry, JENSEN Bjørn Arild, OLDROYD David L., PETTERSEN Hans Petter, SJÖDE Anders, SPERNES Vibeke Bogetvedt
Принадлежит: BORREGAARD AS

A method for preparing a low-air entraining, low viscosity lignosulfonate composition. The method comprises: a) applying heat to the crude lignosulfonate composition under suitable conditions to reduce sugar levels to below 10%, optionally below 5%, optionally below 3%), or optionally below 1%, on a dry basis; b) mixing a crude lignosulfonate composition with an effective amount of a source of trivalent ion to complex air entraining fatty acids and resin acids; c) lowering temperature to prevent viscosity buildup. 1. A method for preparing a storage stable lignosulfonate composition with reduced air entrainment and set retardation when used in concrete from a full sugar ammonium lignosulfonate composition , comprisinga) mixing a crude ammonium lignosulfonate solution with an effective amount of a strong base and steam to remove ammonia;b) applying heat to the crude lignosulfonate composition prepared by step a) to reduce sugar levels to below 10%, optionally below 5%, optionally below 3%, or optionally below 1%, on a dry basis, wherein the crude lignosulfonate composition is heated to an internal temperature of about 101° C. or higher;c) optionally mixing the lignosulfonate composition prepared by step b) with an effective amount of a source of trivalent ion to immobilize air entraining fatty acids and resin acids;d) optionally cooling the product of step b) or c) to prevent viscosity build-up.2. A method for preparing a low viscosity lignosulfonate composition with reduced air entrainment and set retardation when used in concrete , wherein the method comprises:a) applying heat to a crude lignosulfonate composition under suitable conditions to reduce sugar levels to below 10%, optionally below 5%, optionally below 3%, or optionally below 1%, on a dry basis, wherein the crude lignosulfonate composition is heated to an internal temperature of about 101° C. or higher;b) mixing the composition prepared by step a) with an effective amount of a source of trivalent ion to ...

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Номер записи: 95
19-05-2016 дата публикации

SOLVENT AND RECOVERY PROCESS FOR LIGNIN

Номер: US20160137680A1
Автор: Bruce David A., Klett Adam S., Thies Mark C.
Принадлежит:

Methods for obtaining purified lignin and the lignin that can be obtained by the methods are described. Methods include processing pretreated lignocellulosic biomass feedstock to recover the lignin and provide a lignin composition with a very low level of impurities such as metals and ash. In addition, the lignin recovered from the process can have a narrow molecular weight distribution and, depending upon the specific stages utilized in the process, can have a predetermined molecular weight. The process includes one or more separation stages in which a lignin-containing feedstock is mixed with a solvent solution. The mixture fractionates to form a solvent-rich liquid phase and a lignin-rich liquid phase, the lignin being partitioned across the phases according to the molecular weight of the lignin. Furthermore, the metal salts of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass feedstock also partition across the phases. 1. A method for recovering lignin comprising:combining a pretreated lignocellulosic biomass feedstock containing lignin with a solvent solution to form a mixture;following the combination, the lignin solvating into the solvent solution and the mixture separating into a first fraction and a second fraction, the first fraction comprising a solvent-rich liquid phase and the second fraction comprising a lignin-rich liquid phase, wherein the first fraction comprises a first portion of the lignin of the feedstock and the second fraction comprises a second portion of the lignin of the feedstock, the lignin of the first fraction differing from the lignin of the second fraction; andrecovering the lignin of the first fraction and/or the lignin of the second fraction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the average number average molecular weight of the first portion of the lignin differs from the average number average molecular weight of the second portion of the lignin.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first portion of the lignin has a lower average number ...

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Номер записи: 96
21-05-2015 дата публикации

METHODS FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

Номер: US20150141628A1
Автор: Bauer Timothy Allen, Belman Ziv-Vladimir, Eyal Aharon M., HALLAC Bassem, Jansen Robert, LAPIDOT Noa, LAWSON James Alan, Madsen Lee, MATIS Neta, Travisano Philip, ZVIELY Michael
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The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products. 1329-. (canceled)330. A method of producing high purity lignin from a biomass , comprising:(i) removing hemicellulose sugars from the biomass thereby obtaining a lignin-containing remainder; wherein the lignin-containing remainder comprises lignin and cellulose;(ii) contacting the lignin-containing remainder with a lignin extraction solution to produce a lignin extract and a cellulosic remainder; wherein the lignin extraction solution comprises a limited-solubility solvent, an organic acid, and water, wherein the limited-solubility solvent and water form an organic phase and an aqueous phase;(iii) separating the lignin extract from the cellulosic remainder; wherein the lignin extract comprises lignin dissolved in the limited-solubility solvent.331. The method of claim 330 , wherein the removal of the hemicellulose sugars does not remove a substantial amount of the cellulosic sugars.332. The method of claim 330 , wherein the limited-solubility solvent and the water in the lignin extraction solution is in a ratio of about 1:1 v/v.333. The method of claim 330 , further comprising purifying the cellulosic remainder to obtain cellulose pulp.334. The method of claim 333 , wherein the cellulose pulp comprises lignin in an amount up to 10% weight/weight.335. The method of claim 330 , further comprising contacting the lignin extract with a strong acid cation exchanger to remove residual cations thereby obtaining a purified lignin extract.336. The method of or claim 330 , further comprising separating the limited-solubility solvent from the lignin extract thereby obtaining high purity lignin.337. The method of claim 335 , wherein separating comprises evaporating the limited-solubility solvent ...

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Номер записи: 97
07-08-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A LIGNIN FIBER

Номер: US20140219909A1
Автор: Drougge Rickard, Gellerstedt Göran, Norberg Ida, Nordstrom Ylva, Sjöholm Elisabeth
Принадлежит: INNVENTIA AB

Disclosed is a method of producing a continuous lignin fiber from softwood and/or hardwood alkali lignin. The lignin fiber can be further treated to obtain structural carbon fiber. 1. Method of producing a continuous lignin fiber comprising the following steps ,a) providing fractionated and isolated hardwood alkali lignin or fractionated and isolated softwood alkali lignin;b) optionally adding unfractionated softwood alkali lignin and/or unfractionated hardwood alkali lignin to the fractionated hardwood alkali lignin, orc) optionally adding of unfractionated hardwood alkali lignin to the fractionated softwood alkali lignin; andd) extruding the lignin material.2. Method of producing a structural carbon fiber claim 1 , wherein a lignin fiber according to undergoes the following subsequent process steps:e) stabilizing the lignin fiber;f) carbonizing the stabilized lignin fiber.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the fractionated and isolated hardwood alkali lignin in a) amounts to 1.5-100% by weight of the total weight.4. Method according to claim 3 , wherein the fractionated and isolated hardwood alkali lignin amounts to 3-100% by weight of the total weight.5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein the fractionated and isolated hardwood alkali lignin amounts to 5-95% by weight of the total weight.6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein the fractionated and isolated hardwood alkali lignin amounts to 25-75% by weight of the total weight.7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the fractionated and isolated softwood alkali lignin in a) amounts to 50-100% by weight of the total weight.8. Method according to claim 7 , wherein the fractionated and isolated softwood alkali lignin amounts to 60-90% by weight of the total weight.9. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the fractionated and isolated softwood alkali lignin amounts to 75-85% by weight of the total weight.10. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the extrusion in d) is melt extrusion and is performed at a ...

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Номер записи: 98
09-05-2019 дата публикации

METHODS OF MAKING LOW COLOR LIGNIN

Номер: US20190135845A1
Автор: Wan Guigui, WANG Bing
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The present disclosure related to a method of producing a color stable, light colored lignin. The method includes: reacting a lignin composition with a hypochlorite composition having about 5% to about 70% available chlorine; and reacting the hypochlorite treated lignin with hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of about 5% to about 50% to produce the light colored lignin, wherein the lignin composition includes at least one of sulfonated lignin, lignosulfonate, or both. 1. A method of producing light colored lignin , the method comprising:reacting a lignin composition with a hypochlorite composition having about 5% to about 70% available chlorine; andreacting the hypochlorite-treated lignin with hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of about 5% to about 50% to produce the light colored lignin,wherein the lignin composition includes at least one of sulfonated lignin, lignosulfonate, or both.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of:(i) prior to the step of reacting the lignin composition with a hypochlorite composition, adjusting at least one of the pH to less than 7, adjusting the temperature to less than about 100° C., or both;(ii) the step of reacting the lignin composition with a hypochlorite composition includes at least one of adjusting the pH to less than 7, adjusting the temperature to less than about 100° C., or both;(iii) the step of reacting the hypochlorite treated lignin with hydrogen peroxide includes at least one adjusting the pH to greater than 7, adjusting the temperature to less than about 100° C., or both; or(iv) a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising a step of filtering the hypochlorite treated lignin to remove salts formed during the reaction.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising a step of filtering the light colored lignin to remove salts formed during the reaction.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising sparging the hypochlorite treated lignin.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least one of: ...

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Номер записи: 99
30-04-2020 дата публикации

LIGNIN PELLETS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20200131318A1
Автор: LI Hongbo, Marcoccia Bruno, PATENAUDE Eric, SANAEI Shabnam, TON-THAT Minh Tan
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Lignin pellets comprising fused lignin are described herein. The lignin pellets may further comprise a processing aid, and/or a surfactant, and/or a chemical modifying agent, and/or a compatibilizer and/or a thermoplastic polymer. An extrusion process for producing the lignin pellets and their use in the manufacture of lignin thermoplastic blend products, polyols, polyphenols, polyaromatics and polyurethanes is also disclosed herein. The extruded lignin pellet may be dry-blended with additional thermoplastic and/or additive and then directly processed using processes such as injection molding, compression molding, extrusion, extrusion coating, blowing, thermoforming, stamping, foaming, fiber drawing, calendering or rolling. 1. A lignin pellet comprising a fused lignin.2. The lignin pellet of claim 1 , wherein the pellet comprises a moisture content of less than about 5%.3. The lignin pellet of or claim 1 , wherein the lignin pellet comprises a moisture content of less than about 2%.4. The lignin pellet of any one of to claim 1 , further comprising an additive.5. The lignin pellet of claim 4 , wherein the additive is at least one of a processing aid claim 4 , a surfactant claim 4 , a chemical modifying agent claim 4 , a compatibilizer or a thermoplastic polymer.6. The lignin pellet of claim 5 , wherein the additive is a thermoplastic polymer.7. The lignin pellet of claim 5 , wherein the additive is a processing aid.8. The lignin pellet of claim 5 , wherein the additive is a processing aid and a compatibilizer.9. The lignin pellet of claim 5 , wherein the additive is a processing aid claim 5 , a compatibilizer and a thermoplastic polymer.10. The lignin pellet of any one of to claim 5 , wherein the pellet is an extruded lignin pellet.11. The lignin pellet of any one of to claim 5 , wherein the pellet is a non-porous pellet.12. The lignin pellet of any one of to claim 5 , wherein the pellet is a porous pellet.13. The lignin pellet of any one of to claim 5 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 100