СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЧИСТОЙ ЖИДКОСТИИЗ ИСХОДНОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к получению чистой жидкости из исходной жидкости, в частности для получения пресной воды из соленой воды. Способ получения пресной воды из соленой воды и т.п. осуществляют посредством происходящего под разрежением в испарительном устройстве (10) испарения исходной жидкости и конденсации пара в конденсационном устройстве (23), соединенном с паровым выходом испарительного устройства (10). Испарительное (10) и конденсационное (23) устройства в отделенном друг от друга состоянии заполняют соответственно исходной и чистой жидкостями. Затем в герметично закрытых системах, содержащих рабочую камеру (9) и испарительное устройство (10) и, соответственно, рабочую камеру (27) и конденсационное устройство (23), за счет увеличения объема рабочих камер создают разрежение. При этом испарительное (10) и конденсационное (23) устройства гидравлически соединяют между собой только в находящемся под разрежением состоянии. За счет этого можно достичь высокой испарительной мощности и экономичности ...

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ ПАРНИКОВОГО ТИПА

Изобретение относится к устройствам получения чистого конденсата из морской воды для использования в качестве питьевой воды, а также для хозяйственно-бытовых нужд. Солнечный опреснитель парникового типа содержит корпус 1 в виде теплоизолированной емкости с морской водой 4, изготовленной в форме бассейна из листового полимерного материала или текстолита, и светопроницаемую крышу 5 арочной геометрии, выполненную из листового полимерного материала, на внутренней поверхности которой имеются периодические прозрачные ребра жесткости 9 с каналами прямоугольной формы 10, заполненные осушенным воздухом и заглушенные по концам. При этом на дне емкости имеется светопоглощающее покрытие 3, изготовленное из черной полимерной пленки, под которым размещен слой теплоизолятора 2, выполненного из легкого волокнистого полимерного материала типа синтепона, помещенного в водонепроницаемую полимерную оболочку. Устройство имеет прочную легкую конструкцию модульного исполнения сборно-разборного типа для транспортировки ...

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ С ПАРАБОЛОЦИЛИНДРИЧЕСКИМИ ОТРАЖАТЕЛЯМИ

Полезная модель относится к области использования энергии солнечного излучения, в частности к установкам для дистилляции воды за счет энергии солнечного излучения, например для опреснения морской воды. Заявленный солнечный опреснитель с параболоцилиндрическими отражателями (1) включает испарительную камеру в виде расположенной в фокусе отражателей (1) трубы, в нижней по потоку воды зоне (11), выполненной в виде U-образного желоба (16), закрытого сверху -образным желобом (17) с зеркальными нижними поверхностями внутренних граней (18) для конденсации пара, нижние торцы которого изнутри снабжены желобами (19) для сбора дистиллята, прикрепленными к нижним концам -образного желоба (17). Солнечный опреснитель снабжен одноосной системой слежения за Солнцем с однокоординатным датчиком (21) положения Солнца. Параболоцилиндрические отражатели (1) закреплены в эквидистантно и соосно расположенных и соединенных плоской рамой (23) кольцах (3), центры которых совпадают с фокальной линией параболоцилиндрических ...

ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ

Использование: производство пресной воды из морских, минерализованных вод и промышленных стоков. Задачей, на решение которой направлена полезная модель, является получение дистиллята с помощью более простого и надежного в эксплуатации устройства. Ожидаемый технический результат заключается в уменьшении энергозатрат на единицу объема получаемой пресной воды, упрощение и удешевление производства опреснителя, упрощение его обслуживания. Сущность: опреснитель содержит установленные на подвижной платформе воздуховод с ветродвигателем, теплообменник с емкостью для сбора конденсата и систему трубопроводов с арматурой для подачи и слива соленой и пресной воды. Ветродвигатель выполнен в виде турбины, а воздуховод выполнен в виде соосных вертикально установленных с щелевым зазором между собой полой трубы и сообщенного с атмосферой укороченного кожуха, соединенного герметично с емкостью для сбора конденсата. Кожух выполнен длиной, выбранной из соотношения 1/2÷2/3 длины воздуховода. Щелевой зазор между ...

ГЕЛИООПРЕСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА

... 1. Гелиоопреснительная установка, содержащая как минимум один вакуумный солнечный коллектор, как минимум один распылитель, многосекционный вакуумный испаритель с вертикальным расположением секций, соединенных между собой при помощи трубопроводов с естественной циркуляцией, испарительные теплообменники, выполненные в виде спиральных трубок, накопительную емкость и емкость для конденсации, отличающаяся тем, что в нижней секции вакуумного испарителя установлены индукционные нагреватели, а в верхней секции установлен вакуумный насос, между секциями испарителя установлены вентиляторы.2. Гелиоопреснительная установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что дополнительно содержит блок управления, соединенный с ветроэнергетической установкой.

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ

Изобретение относится к гелиотехнике, в частности к гелиоустановкам, преобразующим солнечную энергию в тепловую для опреснения минерализованной (морской, соленой) воды. Изобретение обеспечивает высокую и стабильную производительность опреснителя в течение всего времени эксплуатации и получение конденсата, безвредного для питья человеком. Основными элементами солнечного опреснителя являются корпус со светопропускающей поверхностью, теплоизолированная емкость с минерализованной водой, устройство для залива минерализованной воды и слива концентрированного рассола, фильтрующее устройство для очистки и обеззараживания конденсата и емкость для сбора конденсата. Достигаемый технический результат обеспечивается тем, что корпус теплоизолированной емкости с минерализованной водой выполнен из теплопроводного материала, имеющего большой коэффициент поглощения солнечного излучения и малую степень черноты, на дне корпуса теплоизолированной емкости с минерализованной водой установлен экран, материал которого ...

ГЕЛИООПРЕСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА

Использование: в теплотехнике, а именно для опреснения морской воды с использованием солнечной энергии. Сущность изобретения: предлагаемая гелиоопреснительная установка содержит солнечный коллектор и многосекционный с вертикальным расположением секций дистиллятор испарительного типа. Каждая панель коллектора по всей теплопоглощающей поверхности содержит каналы, образованные двумя параллельными пластинами, расположенными на расстоянии 3 - 10 мм друг от друга, и перегородками между ними. 5 ил.

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ

Изобретение относится к гелиотехнике, в частности к солнечным опреснительным установкам для получения дистиллированной воды. Сущность изобретения: солнечный опреснитель снабжен воздухоотводным клапаном, установленным в верхней части сборника дистиллята и системой слежения за солнцем, включающей расположенные симметрично относительно оси симметрии концентратора на верхней части центральной полости испарительной камеры, по крайней мере, три баллона с легкокипящей жидкостью, соединенные посредством трубопроводов с полостями соответствующих гидроцилиндров по числу баллонов, закрепленных со стороны их полостей на нерабочей поверхности корпуса с возможностью ориентации концентратора на опорном устройстве при перемещении штоков гидроцилиндров, жестко закрепленных на соответствующих поплавковых элементах, и юстировочные вентили, соединяющие посредством трубопроводов баллоны, а селективное покрытие выполнено в виде интерференционного покрытия двойной системы слоев с высоким и низким коэффициентом ...

ГЕЛИООПРЕСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА

Изобретение относится к теплотехнике, а именно к солнечным опреснителям соленой воды небольшой производительности, используемым в быту. Установка состоит из солнечного коллектора и многосекционного вакуумного дистиллятора. Испытательный и испарительно-конденсационные теплообменники дистиллятора выполнены в виде спиральных трубок с горизонтальным расположением витков. Откачка рассола из дистиллятора осуществляется с помощью водовоздушного эжектора. Удельная производительность установки зависит от числа используемых секций и составляет 1-3 л дистиллята в час с квадратного метра солнечного коллектора. Техническим результатом изобретения является выполнение более экономичной конструкции опреснителя при уменьшении потребляемой им электроэнергии и обеспечение более высокой надежности работы. 2 ил.

СПОСОБ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ДРЕНАЖНОГО СТОКА

Изобретение относится к сельскому хозяйству, в частности к орошаемому земледелию для утилизации минерализованного дренажного стока гидромелиоративных систем, а также для испарения сточных вод различного генезиса. Способ утилизации дренажного стока включает процесс естественного испарения дренажных вод с поверхности пруда-испарителя, разделенного на отсеки и сообщенного с подводящим коллектором. В радиальном направлении от первого отсека 1 пруда-испарителя на глубине нижнего уровня его заполнения прокладывают подпочвенные увлажнители. Над увлажнителями отсыпают земляные дамбы 3 высотой не более высоты капиллярного подъема отсыпаемого грунта. По длине дамб выполняют траншеи 4 с уложенным на их дне слоем гидрофобного материала и насыпанным поверх него слоем почвы 6, в которую высаживают саженцы солеустойчивых деревьев и/или кустарников 7. За счет создания дополнительной испаряющей поверхности и концентрации воздушного потока обеспечивается повышение эффективности процесса естественного испарения ...

СПОСОБ ОПРЕСНЕНИЯ ВОДЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ опреснения воды путем ее испарения при контакте с нагретой поверхностью, с конденсацией пара на внутренней поверхности светопрозрачного покрытия и последующим выводом конденсата, отличающийся тем, что испарение осуществляют на свободно раскачиваемой вогнутой сферической поверхности выше уровня находящейся в ней воды.2. Устройство для опреснения воды, включающее плавучее основание, закрепленное на нем куполообразное светопроницаемое покрытие, образующее камеру испарения, днище, испаритель из гигроскопического материала с теплопоглощающим покрытием, сборник конденсата и балластную емкость, отличающееся тем, что испаритель выполнен в виде вогнутой сферической поверхности, закрепленной на торообразном плавучем основании с возможностью вертикальных перемещений относительно него, и снабжен теплоизолирующим поясом, диаметр которого в горизонтальной плоскости не превышает радиуса сферической поверхности испарителя.3. Устройство по п. 2, отличающееся тем, что торообразное плавучее основание ...

Способ опреснения морской воды

Изобретение относится к способам автономного получения чистой пресной воды, путем испарения морской воды и конденсации паровоздушной смеси. Способ состоит в насыщении атмосферного воздуха водяными парами в испарителях, формировании паровоздушного потока нагнетателями, подаче насыщенного водяными парами нагретого воздуха в конденсаторы и отборе влаги. Насыщение атмосферного воздуха водяными парами в испарителях осуществляют за счет солнечной энергии. Нагнетатели питают солнечной энергией внутреннюю поверхность конденсаторов, находящихся под уровнем моря. Внутреннюю поверхность выполняют гидрофобной для создания капельной конденсации влаги, обеспечивающей повышение коэффициента теплоотдачи стенок конденсаторов и увеличения количества сконденсированной влаги. Внутри конденсаторов устанавливают турбулизаторы потока паровоздушной смеси для перемешивания паровоздушного потока и притока его к холодным стенкам конденсаторов. Стенки конденсаторов выполняют наклонными к горизонту для обеспечения ...

ЭНЕРГОНЕЗАВИСИМАЯ СОЛНЕЧНАЯ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к энергонезависимой солнечной дистилляционной системе непрерывного действия, характеризующейся тем, что она содержит в верхней части корпуса солнечного дистиллятора с светопрозрачным покрытием и заполненным соленой водой испаритель диффузионно-абсорбционной холодильной системы, состоящей из генератора пара хладагента, соединенного с ее конденсатором, размещенным в воде дистиллятора, и нагревателя паров хладагента, подключенным через контроллер заряда АКБ к фотоэлектрическим модулям, причем к испарителю в его нижней части подсоединен сборник конденсата с емкостью пресной воды, светопрозрачное покрытие дистиллятора и фотоэлектрические модули ориентированы на направление солнца, а к емкости солнечного дистиллятора подсоединен теплонакопитель с фазовым переходом вещества, например парафином, а также к энергонезависимой солнечной дистилляционной системе непрерывного действия, характеризующейся тем, что она содержит в верхней части корпуса солнечного дистиллятора с светопрозрачным ...

Устройство для получения пресной воды из атмосферного воздуха

Изобретение относится к устройствам для получения пресной воды из водяных паров, содержащихся в окружающем атмосферном воздухе, и может быть использовано для получения пресной воды преимущественно в прибрежной с морями местности. Устройство состоит из емкости с открытым верхом, погруженной в водоем с морской водой так, чтобы ее стенки выходили за поверхность воды и препятствовали попаданию внутрь емкости брызг от ее волн. Внутри емкости находится сквозной тракт для протекания морской воды, расположенный между двумя противоположными стенками емкости и размещенный так, чтобы один конец тракта находился у поверхности воды, а другой - ниже с наклоном, находящимся в пределах 20-45°. Тракт в поперечном сечении имеет форму треугольника, основание которого обращено к дну емкости, а вершина - к поверхности водоема. Длина основания треугольника меньше ширины емкости в направлении, перпендикулярном размещению тракта. Угол между боковыми ребрами треугольника лежит в пределах 90-140°. В непосредственной ...

Способ получения воды из воздуха

Изобретение относится к способам автономного получения пресной воды питьевого качества из влаги окружающего, морского, атмосферного воздуха. Способ включает забор и подачу атмосферного воздуха в генераторы энергии сжатого воздуха (1), охлаждение потока сжатого воздуха после генераторов (1) в конденсаторах (9) с осаждением и отбором влаги. Генераторы энергии сжатого воздуха (1) помещают под уровень моря и выполняют в виде компрессоров объемного действия, неподвижную часть которых закрепляют при помощи анкеров (29) к поверхности дна моря (2), а подвижную часть соединяют с буями (4). Буи имеют положительную плавучесть и являются съемниками энергии волн. Осуществляют нагрев и принудительное насыщение атмосферного воздуха влагой перед его сжатием путем пропускания, а именно барботирования атмосферного воздуха через предварительно подогретую морскую воду, расположенную в емкостях (5) внутри буев (4). Емкости (5) имеют прозрачную поверхность (6) для пропуска лучистой энергии солнца внутрь, для ...

Способ опреснения морской воды

Изобретение относится к области водоснабжения. Способ состоит в насыщении атмосферного воздуха водяными парами в испарителях (3), подаче паровоздушной смеси в конденсаторы (5) и отборе влаги (8). Насыщение атмосферного воздуха водяными парами в испарителях (3) осуществляют за счет подачи в испарители предварительно нагретой энергией солнца морской воды в капиллярах прозрачной кровли сооружений (1). Подачу нагретой морской воды в испарители осуществляют самотеком, за счет сил гравитации. Обеспечивается получение чистой, пресной воды с использованием возобновляемой энергии солнца. 1 ил.

Солнечный опреснитель

Изобретение относится к дистилляции морских, загрязненных или минерализованных вод посредством солнечной энергии. Солнечный опреснитель содержит заполненную жидкостью емкость 1 с оптически прозрачной крышкой 2, теплоприемник 3, выполненный в виде полого металлического стержня, погруженного в жидкость и оснащенного поглощающей излучение головкой 4, расположенной в зоне фокуса линзы 5. В углубление дна емкости 1 введен соляной пруд 6. В стержне выполнены нижняя опора 7 и боковые отверстия. Одно боковое отверстие 8 расположено в воздушной зоне между крышкой и уровнем 9 жидкости. Второе боковое отверстие 10 размещено вне емкости 1 и соединено с паропроводом 11 на конденсацию. Третье боковое отверстие 13 расположено в поверхностном слое жидкости и закрывается дополнительно введенным подвижным штоком 14. Линзы 5 на головке стержня выполнены в виде фоклинов. Между головкой 4 и нижней опорой 7 стержня дополнительно введена тепловая труба 15. В головке 4 стержня выполнена полость, заполненная теплоаккумулирующим ...

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ ПАРНИКОВОГО ТИПА

Солнечный опреснитель парникового типа, содержащий корпус, светопроницаемую крышу арочной геометрии, закрепленную на корпусе, теплоизолированную емкость с морской водой (соленой), размещенной внутри корпуса, отличающийся тем, что крыша выполнена из листового полимерного материала, в котором на внутренней поверхности имеются периодические прозрачные ребра жесткости с каналами прямоугольной формы, которые заполнены осушенным воздухом и по концам заглушены, при этом теплоизолированная емкость изготовлена в форме бассейна из листового полимерного материала или текстолита, который одновременно является корпусом устройства, при этом на дне емкости имеется светопоглощающее покрытие, изготовленное из черной полимерной пленки, под которой, в свою очередь, размещен слой теплоизолятора, выполненного из легкого волокнистого полимерного материала типа синтепона помещенного в водонепроницаемую полимерную оболочку.

Устройство опреснения с рекуперацией электроэнергии

Устройство опреснения с рекуперацией электроэнергии состоит в том, что для опреснения морской воды используется термоэлектрическое устройство, которое своим горячим спаем доводит до кипения морскую воду, а холодным спаем отбирает тепло у конденсируемого пара, таким образом, работая в режиме интенсификации теплопередачи при отсутствии градиента температур на спаях, с целью повышения энергетической эффективности, отличающееся тем, что энергия образующегося пара используется для частичной рекуперации электрической энергии, посредством применения электрической турбины.

Устройство опреснения на основе влажного материала

Устройство опреснения на основе влажного материала состоит в том, что для опреснения морской воды используется свойство коллоидно-пористого тела из влажного материала, состоящее в том, что в коллоидно-пористом теле, при наличии температурного градиента, перемещение влаги происходит в направлении потока теплоты, отличающееся тем, что для создания необходимого потока теплоты применяются термоэлектрические батареи.

СПОСОБ ОПРЕСНЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОЙ ВОДЫ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Способ опреснения воды состоит в том, что осуществляют испарение минерализованной воды из потока, протекающего по наклонной поверхности, и последующую конденсацию пара. Наклонную поверхность размещают в водоеме с минерализованной водой и обеспечивают поток от верхнего края этой поверхности к нижнему краю за счет свободного конвективного тепломассопереноса. Устройство для опреснения воды представляет собой камеру с воронкообразным дном, имеющим в центре отверстие для слива рассола, светопроницаемой крышей и охлаждаемой стенкой для сбора конденсата. Дно имеет светопоглощающее покрытие. Камера снабжена поплавковым средством, представляющим собой раму, охватывающую камеру и скрепленную с ней на уровне верхнего края воронкообразного дна.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДЫ ИЗ НАМОРОЖЕННОГО ЛЬДА

Устройство для получения воды из намороженного льда, включающее солнечную батарею (или солнечный термоэлектрический генератор), соединенные с повышающим трансформатором и аккумулятором, передающими электроэнергию на компрессор морозильного устройства открытого типа.

Устройство для получения дистилированной воды

Солнечный опреснитель

СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬ, содержащий емкость для опресняемой воды с прозрачной кровлей, размещенный над кровлей конденсатор с ребрами на теплообменной поверхности , ветродвигатель с вентилятором , установленные на вертикальном валу, устройства для сбора и отвода конденсата и патрубки для подачи соленой воды и слива рассола, о тличающийся тем, что, с целью повьшения его производительности , он снабжен циркуляционной трубой, установленной соосно в конденсаторе с образованием канала для восходящего потока паровоздушной смеси, и спиральной направляющей перегородкой, помещенной в канале.

Способ очистки сточных вод от синтетических поверхностно-активных веществ

Солнечный дистиллятор

ГEЛИOOПPECHИTEЛЬ

Солнечный опреснитель

Гелиоопреснитель

Солнечный опреснитель

Гелиоопреснительная установка

Изобретение относится к гелиотехнике и предназначено для получения пресной воды из соленой или морской. Целью изобретения является упрощение конструкции при одновременном снижении расхода воды на продувку. Гелиоопреснительная установка, содержащая имеющий отсек рассола (ОР) 1 и отсек соленой воды (ОСВ) 2 корпус 3 с теплопоглощающим днищем (Д) 5, наклонным прозрачным ограждением 4, полой боковой стенкой 7, и погруженный в соленую воду распределительный патрубок (П) 10, снабжена проницаемой перегородкой 14, размещенной на Д 5 корпуса 3 и отделяющей ОР 1 и ОСВ 2 друг от друга. При этом П 10 установлен в придонной зоне отсека 2 соленой воды, соединен с теплообменниками 8 и 16 подогрева соленой воды. Для предотвращения выпадения солей на Д 5 осуществляют продувку через ОР 1 сравнительно небольшого объема, а в ОСВ 2 соленая вода постоянно разбавляется за счет поступления свежей порции через П 10. 1 ил.

Гелиоэрлифтная установка

Изобретение относится к выпарным аппаратам для пищевой промышленности, основанным на использовании солнечной энергии. Цель изобретения - интенсификация процесса выпаривания продукта, например плодово-ягодных соков, путем непрерывной прогонки продукта через тепловое поле и повышение производительности установки. Установка содержит корпус 1, внутри которого размещен гелиоколктор-испаритель 3, выполненный из наклонных уходящих ломанной линией вниз желобообразных труб с щелевым вырезом по всей длине. Все трубы 4 открыты с обоих концов. Конец каждой трубы примыкает к началу трубы последующей и сообщен с ней посредством отверстия 5, расположенного над щелевым вырезом нижележащей трубы. Самая верхняя труба снабжена загрузочной воронкой 7 с соконесущей трубкой 8. К отверстию нижней трубы подведена воронка 9 отвода готовой продукции. Под крышей корпуса 1 проложена перфорированная труба 10 системы вытяжки газоконденсата. Сок подается в систему выпаривания через воронку 7 и начинает свое движение ...

Солнечная опреснительная установка

... 1. СОЛНЕЧНАЯ ОПРЕСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА, содержащая установленный на опорах гелиоопреснитель, накопитель дистиллята и сообщенный с ними трубопровод соленой воды, отличающаяся тем, что, с целью снижения материалоемкости, накопитель выполнен секционным, причем каждая секция выполнена в виде опоры гелиоопрескителя и снабжена гидравлическим коллектором соленой воды в виде перфорированной рубы, утановленной по длине секции. 2. Установка по п.1, отличающая с я тем, что каждая секция выполнена из круглой асбестоцементной трубы. (П Ф1И1 ...

Solar still based on double-walled plates

The structure for solar evaporation and condensation of water comprises bridge-connected plates (resembling corrugated board). One side of one of the plates is partly or fully open and one plate is reflective. The plates are fixed together or can be moved, the joint being sealed from ambient air.

Kapillarstrukturierte Kondensationsflächen für thermische Destillationsanlagen

Kapillarstrukturierte Kondensationsstufen (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kondensationsflächen aus einem metallischen Streckgitter (8) und einer hydrophilen temperaturfesten Folie (9) bestehen (Aufbau 1) und durch seine Kapillarwirkung das Kondensat zwischen Gitter und Folie abläuft.

ANLAGE ZUR ENTSALZUNG ODER REINIGUNG VON MEER- ODER BRACKWASSER MITTELS SOLARENERGIE

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur solarthermischen Gefrierentsalzung von Meer- oder Brackwasser

Verfahren zur Entsalzung von Meer- oder Brackwasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das Meer- oder Brackwasser durch Einsatz von Unterdruck, der durch mehrere Dampfstrahldüsen (8) erzeugt wird auf den Gefrierpunkt abkühlt und sich bildende salzfreie Eiskristalle, die auf dem Meer- oder Brackwasser aufschwimmen, im Überlauf eines Eisseparators (13) sammelt und in einer Schmelzeinheit, welche in den Eisseparator (13) integriert ist, durch die Wärme des Dampfes aus einer oder mehreren der Dampfstrahldüsen (8) schmilzt, wobei die Dampfstrahldüsen (8) die erforderliche Energie durch konzentrierende Sonnenkollektoren (2) erhalten, wobei in einem Sonnenkollektorenkreislauf Wasser durch solare Einstrahlung in Absorberrohren (3) aufgeheizt wird, der entstehende Sattdampf in einem Treibdampfkessel (4) gesammelt wird, in einem Dampftrockner (6) getrocknet wird und anschließend über eine oder mehrere Dampfstrahldüsen (8) entspannt wird, wobei das Meer- oder Brackwasser über eine Vorkühlung (12) in ...

Wasseraufbereitungsanlage

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wasseraufbereitungsanlage (1) zur Aufbereitung von Meerwasser (5), aufweisend einen hohlzylindrischen Verdunstungskörper (2) und einen hohlkegelförmigen Kondensationsdeckel (3), wobei der Kondensationsdeckel (3) mit dem Verdunstungskörper (2) strömungstechnisch verbunden ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine Kühlvorrichtung (19) zur außenseitigen Kühlung des Kondensationsdeckels (3).

Vorrichtung zum Destillieren von Seewasser

Verdunstungs-Destillation

Muster einer doppelten Verdunstungs-Destillation in freier Natur, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über einem Treibhaus-Raum ein nach unten konisch ausgearbeiteter Verdunstungs-Behälter dafür sorgt, dass sich Kondensat in einem Vorlage-Gefäß sammeln kann.

Vorrichtung zum Gewinnen von Süßwasser

Vorrichtung zum Gewinnen von Süßwasser, wobei die Vorrichtung folgendes aufweist: – eine mit einer transparenten Abdeckung (20) verschlossene oder verschließbare Gehäusewanne (10), – einen in der Gehäusewanne (10) aufgenommenen oder aufnehmbaren Verdunster (70), und – einen in der Gehäusewanne (10) aufgenommenen oder aufnehmbaren Kondensator (80); wobei die Gehäusewanne (10) aufgebaut ist aus: – zwei seitlich angeordneten Seitenwänden (60, 61), – einer ein Kopfende der Gehäusewanne (10) ausbildenden Seitenwand (50), – einem ein Fußende der Gehäusewanne (10) ausbildenden Fuß (40), – einer Gehäuseunterseite (30), wobei ferner ein Rohwasserzulauf (83) zum Zuführen von Rohwasser in das Innere der mit der Abdeckung (20) verschlossenen oder verschließbaren Gehäusewanne (10), ein Rohwasserablauf (42) zum Abführen von Rohwasser aus dem Inneren der Gehäusewanne (10) und ein Süßwasserablauf (38) zum Abführen von Süßwasser aus dem Inneren der Gehäusewanne (10) vorgesehen sind; wobei der Verdunster ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Suesswasser aus Salzwasser

Solarsystem zum Erwärmen und Speichern von Wasser

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Solarsystem zum Erwärmen und Speichern von Wasser. DOLLAR A Um bei zuverlässiger Dichtheit und einfacher Produzierbarkeit Warmwasser mit hohem Wirkungsgrad in einer konstanten, wählbaren Temperatur zur Verfügung zu stellen, wird ein Solarsystem zum Speichern und Erwärmen von Wasser vorgeschlagen, bei dem das Solarsystem einen Speicherkasten und eine in dem Speicherkasten angeordnete Folie aufweist, wobei die Folie auf dem Wasser aufschwimmt. DOLLAR A Darüber hinaus werden im Wesentlichen eine Spiegelanordnung, eine Wärmedämmung und eine Entkeimungseinrichtung vorgeschlagen.

Water purifier

METHOD & APPARATUS FOR DESALINATION

Water purifier

A water purification system includes first and second canisters 10, 12 coupled together by a conduit 14. The first canister is provided with a heating means which may be an optical lens 18 or a mirror which includes a heat conductive element 15. Impure water can be placed in the first canister 10 and heated by the sun's energy focussed onto the heat conductive element by the lens or mirror. The water vapour is contained beneath a diaphragm 13 in the first chamber and is collected by the conduit 14 and then condensed into the second canister as purified water. The second canister may be formed of terracotta clay, with the internal surfaces being glazed. The second canister may be provided with a cooling device such as cooling fins 24 disposed circumferentially round the outside of the canister 12 and extending upwardly. The device may be used in circumstances where natural disasters have occurred leading to a breakdown in conventional supplies of clean water.

Device for treating contaminated water

A device for treating contaminated water by means of an air humidification / dehumidification cycle comprises (a) a humidifying portion; (b) a blower 140 configured for blowing air via the humidifying portion; (c) a condensing portion 160 fluidly connected downstream of the humidifying portion; and (d) a pump for pumping purified water. The humidifying portion includes a shell defining a space above a surface of a contaminated waterbody. The shell is transparent for solar radiation. The condensing portion includes piping submerged into the waterbody such that condensation heat released in the piping is transferred to a bottom portion of the waterbody. Heated contaminated water from the bottom portion of the waterbody ascends to an upper portion of the waterbody and assists in the heating thereof. The waterbody can be natural, and may be selected from the group consisting of a sea, a lake, a river, an estuary and an ocean. Alternatively, the waterbody can be artificially impounded, and may ...

Solar powered zeolite water purifier.

A solar powered zeolite water purifier, has a gas tight container 1 filled with zeolite. An inlet pipe 4 is connected to the container 1 through a one way gas tight pressure operated valve 5. A partial vacuum is established in the zeolite container 1 and inlet pipe 4 by the application of a vacuum pump to pipe 7 as a once only event. The gas tight one way pressure operated valve 6 prevents air from re-entering the system, and the vacuum pump is removed. A liquid water collection tank 9 is connected to the zeolite container 1 through a gastight one way pressure operated valve 3. The zeolite inside the zeolite container 1 is heated by solar energy sufficiently to cause water to desorb, leave the zeolite container 1 via the one way gas tight pressure operated valve 3, and condense into the water collection container 9. The zeolite container 1 will cool at night, resulting in sorption of water vapour into the zeolite and boiling of the water 12 in the inlet pipe 4 due to low pressure. Water ...

Improvements in portable water-distillation apparatus

... 977,852. Portable solar stills for distilling sea water. EASTWOOD PLASTICS Ltd. Oct. 5, 1962 [Nov. 16, 1961], No. 32031/62. Divided out of 977,851. Heading B1B. In a portable solar still of the type which comprises an outer transparent waterproof shell 1, which is distended by the inflation of an inner framework of inflatable tubes 12, 13 and supports an absorbent fabric bag 2, the fabric bag is provided with a system of elastic cords 16 which are under elastic tension when the still is distended. In the event of an accidental partial deflation of the framework of tubes 12, 13, the elastic cords will contract, causing the fabric bag to collapse inwards thus ensuring that no contamination of the condensate occurs through the contact of the bag with the shell. Specifications 788,753 and 832,123 also are referred to.

Improvements in portable water-distillation apparatus

... A portable solar still of the kind described in Specification 788,753 is provided with a feed nozzle 7 which is made by moulding a pliable and elastic tubular tip 13 to the feed pocket 6, pocket and tip being made from the same material, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, and inserting into the tip a plug 14 of a harder material, e.g. "Perspex" (Registered Trade Mark), having a drilled feed passage 15, the plug being held in position frictionally by the grip of the tubular tip and having an external flange 16 abutting the mouth of the tip. The middle of the plug bulges to ensure a tight fit.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY

An apparatus for purifying a fluid

An apparatus for purifying a fluid comprises a receptacle 4a with an inlet 3a for receiving a liquid with one or more contaminants therein, e.g. seawater, the receptacle being configured to be heated to evaporate the liquid, and the receptacle has a vapour outlet 8a through which the fluid in gaseous form may pass with at least part of the contaminant(s) remaining in the receptacle. A pump 2 may deliver the liquid from a reservoir 5 to the inlet. The pump can be powered by wave energy and/or by wind energy. The liquid may be filtered 7 before delivery to the inlet, e.g. to remove material such as seaweed, fish etc. The receptacle may be heated by solar energy, e.g. by direct sunlight. An outer surface of the receptacle may be of a light absorbent material with high thermal conductivity, e.g. formed of a polymer, silicone or glass. The outer surface may be of a light absorbent dark colour, e.g. a matt black colour. The receptacle may be hemispherical in shape. The apparatus may comprise ...

Solar still assembly.

Process of cooling and dehumidification of hot air and wet like installation allowing the implementation of this process.

Solar water still.

A solar water still (10) includes an enclosure assembly (12) and an evaporation assembly (14) that float on a body of source water and that are readily collapsed and folded for storage or transport. The enclosure assembly includes a transparent conical dome (20) covering a collection reservoir (18) and an inner float ring (16). The evaporation assembly is placed in the center of the inner float ring. During operation, solar radiation induces water to evaporate from the evaporation assembly. The water vapor is then condensed and collected by the enclosure assembly.

Water purifier.

Device for heating a container by solar power.

Solar water still

Solar stills.

Solar water heater and pasteurizer

Water purifier.

Solar powered water purification system.

Solar stills

Solar water still

Device for heating a container by solar power.

Solar water heater and pasteurizer.

Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water

WATER PURIFIER

Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water

Solar stills.

Solar thermal device for producing fresh water.

Solar still assembly.

Solar-fired heater like apparatus of cooling and air-conditioning or desalination of sea water.

Process of simultaneous and profitable obtaining energy sources, fresh water and by-products starting from aqueous substances and an energy source.

Process and device for the distillation of sea water.

Solar water still.

Thermodynamic process with solar energy for desalinisation of sea water

Process of production of fresh water starting from water in charge and installation for the setting in oevre of the process

Solar distiller of purification by evaporation.

Absorber of photons.

Process and installation for the desalination of sea water.

Process and device of distribution or concentration of a solution using the calorific value of the solar radiation.

Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water.

Device for heating a container by solar power.

Process of treatment per sublimation or evaporation of a matter, device and installation for its implementation.

Improvements with the distillation of water not-saltworks starting from sea water.

Solar stills for producing fresh water

Solar water heater and pasteurizer.

Solar powered water purification system.

Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water

Solar water heater and pasteurizer.

Solar thermal device for producing fresh water.

Water purifier.

Method and plant for desalinating salt-containing water

Solar still assembly.

Solar powered water purification system.

Falling Film Evaporator

An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling the thickness of a flowing, laminar fluid film. The film flow may be gravity-induced or the result of an alternative force. The fluid is deposited on an upper end of a flow surface where a relatively thick layer of the film forms. The film flows over a fluid dispersal region where the surface area is rapidly expanding, which results in rapid thinning of the film thickness. The fluid then flows over an active region where the surface area is designed to control the fluid film thickness. For example, in some applications, it may be desirable to maintain an approximately constant film thickness as the fluid flows over the active region of the surface. The geometry of the flow surface is used to obtain the desired control over the fluid film thickness. The flow surface is the outer surface of a solid with a closed upper end and a lower end that may be open or closed. An open lower end allows for injection of a heated material, which may be used to heat the solid surface. This process may be used to heat the fluid flow surface so that evaporation of the flowing fluid results. A falling film evaporator is one application of the disclosed invention. A carbon capture system using a thin, flowing algae film is another application. Other potential uses of the invention are disclosed as well.

Water Purifying Apparatus

Provided is a water purifying apparatus capable of efficiently producing purified water from raw water. The water purifying apparatus comprises: a casing ( 11 ) having a circulation path; a splitter device ( 15 ) disposed within the casing ( 11 ) and adapted to split raw water into droplets and create a carrier airflow (A 1 ) capable of circulating along the circulation path and carrying water vapor evaporated from the droplets (D 1 ); and a condenser ( 19 ) disposed within the casing ( 11 ) at a position downstream of the splitter device ( 15 ) in a direction of the carrier airflow and adapted to condense the water vapor to create purified water. The splitter device ( 15 ) comprises a rotary shaft ( 15 a ) extending in an up-down direction of the casing ( 11 ), and a blade ( 152 A to 152 Q) radially attached to the rotary shaft ( 15 a ) and having irregularities ( 152 p, 152 q, 152 r, 152 s, 152 t ).

Fresh water recovery system

A fresh water recovery system includes a solar heated evaporator and a heat exchanger operating in a waste heat recovery mode for recovering fresh water from a salt water supply.

System and method of passive liquid purification

The present invention relates to systems and related methods of water purification by distillation that will operate in a self-contained mode using a passive heat source, such as, without limitation, solar heat, air conditioning waste heat, or waste heat from the exhaust or cooling systems of an internal combustion engine, which may be used to desalinate sea water, saline water, or saline water containing contaminants. The present invention may also be used to distil sewage water, creek water, swamp water or water containing contaminants or used to cleanse or purify water contaminated with mud, chemicals, minerals, or bacteria in a local environment.

Harvesting contaminants from liquid

Disclosed are examples of apparatuses for evaporative purification of a contaminated liquid. In each example, there is a vessel for storing the contaminated fluid. The vessel includes a surface coated with a layer of superhydrophobic material and the surface is at least partially in contact with the contaminated liquid. The contaminants do not adhere to the surface as the purified liquid evaporates, thus allowing the contaminants to be harvested.

HYBRID SOLAR DESALINATION SYSTEM

A hydro-thermal exchange unit (HTEU) for desalinating feed water in accordance with a humidification-dehumidification includes feed water, fresh water and gas conduit circuits for transporting feed water, fresh water, and gas, respectively. The unit also includes an evaporator through which a portion of the feed water conduit and the gas conduit pass. The evaporator causes evaporation of a portion of the feed water to produce vapor that is transported through the gas conduit. The unit also includes a condenser through which a portion of the gas conduit and the fresh water conduit pass. The condenser has input and output ports for coupling the gas and fresh water conduit circuits. The condenser extracts moisture from the vapor transported therethrough by the gas conduit. The extracted moisture is discharged through the fresh water conduit. The unit also includes a heat exchanger through which a portion of the fresh water conduit and the feed water conduit pass to thereby extract residual heat from the fresh water such that the residual heat heats the feed water. 1. A desalination system , comprising:saline feed water, fresh water and gas conduit circuits for transporting saline feed water, fresh water, and gas, respectively;an evaporator through which a portion of the feed water conduit and the gas conduit pass,said evaporator causing evaporation of a portion of the feed water to produce vapor that is transported through the gas conduit;a condenser through which a portion of the gas conduit and the fresh water conduit pass, said condenser having input and output ports for coupling said gas and fresh water conduit circuits;said condenser extracting moisture from the vapor transported therethrough by the gas conduit, wherein the extracted moisture is discharged through the fresh water conduit; anda heat exchanger through which a portion of the fresh water conduit and the feed water conduit pass to thereby extract residual heat from the fresh water such that the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SALT PRODUCTION

A method of producing one or more precipitable substances such as salt (NaCl) from a feed liquid source (such as sea water) in a precipitation apparatus, the method involving steps of providing a first solar energy treatment arrangement having at least one treatment panel construction having an upper solar energy transmission wall capable of passing solar energy to a treatment member located beneath the upper solar energy transmission wall, the or each treatment panel construction being arranged to receive liquid from the feed liquid source, the solar radiation energy concentrating the precipitable substance or substances in the treatment liquid within the or each said treatment panel construction, the method further sensing via a sensor the density of the treatment liquid discharged from the first solar energy treatment arrangement, returning the liquid discharged from the first solar energy treatment apparatus to an inlet region of the first solar energy treatment apparatus if the sensed density is below a first predetermined density level, passing liquid discharged from said first solar energy treatment arrangement to a final solar energy treatment arrangement having at least one final treatment panel construction having an upper solar energy transmission wall capable of passing solar energy radiation to a treatment member, distributing treatment liquid across a surface region of the treatment member whereby a precipitable substance is precipitated onto the surface region and subsequently removing the precipitable substance. 1. A method of producing a precipitable substance from a feed liquid source , said method including the steps of:(i) providing a treatment panel construction having an upper solar energy transmission wall capable of passing solar radiation to a treatment member located beneath said upper solar energy transmission wall;(ii) supplying liquid from said feed liquid source to one region of said treatment member and distributing said liquid across ...

RECOVERY OF HIGHER ALCOHOLS FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

This invention is directed to methods for recovery of C3-C6 alcohols from dilute aqueous solutions, such as fermentation broths. Such methods provide improved volumetric productivity for the fermentation and allow recovery of the alcohol. Such methods also allow for reduced energy use in the production and drying of spent fermentation broth due to increased effective concentration of the alcohol product by the simultaneous fermentation and recovery process which increases the quantity of alcohol produced and recovered per quantity of fermentation broth dried. Thus, the invention allows for production and recovery of C3-C6 alcohols at low capital and reduced operating costs. 17-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 24 , wherein the gases comprise carbon dioxide.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least about 75% of the carbon dioxide is removed during the step of removing.11. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least about 85% of the carbon dioxide is removed during the step of removing.12. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least about 90% of the carbon dioxide is removed during the step of removing.13. (canceled)14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step of removing comprises reducing pressure to a pressure of between about 1 psia and about 10 psia.15. (canceled)16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the removed carbon dioxide is conducted to a fermentation unit for pH control claim 8 , vented claim 8 , or combinations thereof.17. The method of claim 8 , further comprising treating the gases to remove the C3-C6 alcohol and venting the gases.1823-. (canceled)24. A method to produce a C3-C6 alcohol from a fermentation medium comprising microorganisms claim 8 , gases and the C3-C6 alcohol claim 8 , comprising:a. culturing a microorganism in a fermentation medium to produce the C3-C6 alcohol;b. removing at least a portion of the gases from the fermentation medium;c. distilling the portion of the fermentation medium to form a vapor phase comprising water and ...

Solar Water Still

Embodiments of a system and method for a solar water still that receives a flow of water from a raw, non-potable water source and removes impurities from the water are disclosed. An exemplary solar water still system receives the raw water, distributes the raw water along an interior surface heated by exposure to the sun such that a portion of the distributed raw water evaporates into a space contained within the system, provides for the water vapor to contact a surface of an inner component cooled by the raw water source, and collects purified condensate resulting from the water vapor having come in contact with the cool surface of the inner component. 1. A system for generating and collecting potable water from a non-potable water source , the system comprising:an upper interior space and a lower interior space;an inner column component for directing water from a water source into the upper interior space, wherein the inner column component passes through the lower interior space; andone or more distribution slits for providing passage of the water from the upper interior space into the lower interior space;wherein when the water passes into the lower interior space a portion of the water is allowed to wet an interior surface of an outer housing component that has been warmed relative to the temperature of the water by virtue of exposure to a thermal energy source;wherein a portion of the water that is allowed to wet the interior surface of the outer housing component evaporates into the lower interior space; andwherein a portion of the water that evaporates into the lower interior space condenses on an exterior surface of the inner column component.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a collection component positioned at a lower end of the inner column component configured to receive condensed water that runs down the exterior surface of the inner column component.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a photovoltaic panel for providing an energy ...

LEVERAGE OF WASTE PRODUCT TO PROVIDE CLEAN WATER

Systems for efficient generation of clean water from non-potable water leverage heat provided by concentrated solar power or waste heat is co-located at a source of non-potable water for efficient, low-cost operation based on steam provided by the source of heat. A process of using such systems operated by the steam provided and the non-potable water, is disclosed, to generate clean water and concentrate water. 1. A system comprising:a solar-powered thermal heating device configured to transfer heat from captured solar power to a steam source;a humidification/dehumidification device configured to distill non-potable water into clean water;a steam supply line connecting the steam source to the humidification/dehumidification device;a non-potable water source connected to the humidification/dehumidification device by a non-potable water supply line;a clean water reservoir connected to the humidification/dehumidification device by a clean water outlet line;a concentrate water reservoir connected to the humidification/dehumidification device by a concentrate water outlet line.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the humidification/dehumidification device further comprises at least one of a controller claim 1 , a pump claim 1 , and a blower.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one of a controller claim 2 , a pump claim 2 , and a blower are powered by a solar-powered photovoltaic device.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a high-temperature fluid storage device configured to transfer heat from a fluid of the solar-powered thermal heating device to the steam source via a heat exchanger.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the humidification/dehumidification device comprises:a condensation chamber;an evaporation chamber;a heat transfer wall between the condensation chamber and the evaporation chamber.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein:the steam supply line is connected to the condensation chamber;the non-potable water supply line is connected to the ...

Thermodynamic Balancing of Combined Heat and Mass Exchange Devices

A carrier-gas mixture is directed through a fluid flow path in a combined heat and mass transfer device, which can be operated at sub-atmospheric pressure. Heat and mass are transferred from or to the carrier-gas mixture via interaction with a liquid composition that includes a vaporizable component in a liquid state to substantially change the content of the vaporizable component in the carrier-gas mixture via evaporation or condensation. The mass flow rate of the carrier-gas mixture is varied by extracting or injecting the carrier-gas mixture from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path, and/or the mass flow rate of the liquid composition is varied by extracting or injecting the liquid composition from at least one intermediate location in the fluid flow path; and the flow of the carrier-gas mixture or the liquid composition is regulated to reduce the average local enthalpy pinch in the device.

PURIFICATION OF WATER BY HEATING WITH SUNLIGHT, VIA OPTICAL CABLE

Device for purifying water, including a hollow structure in turn including a first space, includes a supply opening for water to be purified and a boiling device for such water, arranged to heat the water to the boiling point using energy from focused sunlight supplied via a supply device for sunlight to a heating location in the first space; a condenser for condensing water vapour from the boiling device; and a conduit device for water vapour, arranged to bring water vapour from the first space to the condenser. The heat exchanger is arranged to transfer thermal energy from either hot water vapour which has been boiled off in the boiling device or condensed water which is still warm and originates from such vapour, to water to be purified and which is to be introduced into the first space through the supply opening. A method for purifying water is also described. 122-. (canceled)23200300400500. Device (;;;) for purifying water , comprising a hollow structure in turn comprising{'b': 210', '310', '410', '420', '510', '311', '411', '421', '511', '10, 'a first space (;;;;), comprising a supply opening for water to be purified and a boiling device (;;;) for such water, arranged to heat the water to the boiling point using energy from focused sunlight which is supplied via a supply device () for sunlight to a certain heating location in the first space;'}a condenser for condensing water vapour from the boiling device; and{'b': 243', '343', '442', '446', '542', '233', '333', '433', '433', '533', '10', '11', '13', '14', '311', '411', '421', '511, 'i': a', 'b, 'a conduit device (;;,;) for water vapour, arranged to bring water vapour from the first space to the condenser, wherein a heat exchanger (;;;;) is arranged to transfer thermal energy from either hot water vapour which has been boiled off in the boiling device or condensed water which is still warm and originates from such vapour, to water to be purified and which is to be introduced into the first space through the ...

PURIFICATION OF WATER BY HEATING WITH SUNLIGHT, VIA OPTICAL CABLE

Method and device () for purifying and bringing water up from a water body (), the device including: 115-. (canceled)1610050. Device () for purifying water and transporting the purified water from its original location as a part of a body () of non-purified water and up from said water body , which device comprises an elongated , hollow structure , which structure can be placed in an upright operating position in which the structure is essentially vertically arranged and in turn comprises{'b': 110', '112', '111', '12, 'a first space (), comprising a supply opening () for water to be purified and a boiling device () for such water, arranged to heat the water to the boiling point using light supplied through an optical fiber () to a certain heating location in the first space;'}{'b': '133', 'a condenser () for condensing water vapour from the boiling device;'}{'b': 131', '134', '132, 'a container () for condensed water which is connected to the condenser, comprising an outlet () arranged below a liquid level () in the container during operation of the device; and'}{'b': '120', 'a conduit device () for water vapour, connecting the upper part of the first space to the condenser so that the first space freely communicates with the container for condensed water; characterised in that the first space is arranged to freely communicate with the water body when the structure is in its operating position and at least partly immersed into the water body, in that the structure, apart from the supply opening and the outlet for condensed water, is arranged to be closed during operation, and in that the outlet of the container during operation in the said operating position is arranged above the heating location.'}1710013350. Device () according to claim 16 , characterised in that the condenser () during operation is arranged to be immersed into the water body () claim 16 , and in that it is arranged to cool the water vapour using the surrounding water in the water body. ...

Water Supply Systems

A water supply system, the system comprising: an evaporation station, the evaporation station comprising a water inlet, an air conduit, and a water evaporation system coupled to the water inlet and to the air conduit for converting water from the water inlet into water vapour and for providing the water vapour onto the air conduit to provide humidified air; a condensation station having an air inlet to receive the humidified air, a water outlet, and a water condensation system coupled to the air inlet and to the water outlet to extract water from the humidified air and provide the extracted water to the water outlet; a pipe coupled between the air conduit of the evaporation station and air inlet of the condensation station; and a system for driving an airflow through the air conduit of the evaporation station past the water evaporation system to enhance the spray evaporation.

SEAWATER, BRINE OR SEWAGE SOLAR DESALINATION PLANT, AND DESALINATION METHOD

A tent or covering with a pyramid-shaped structure, with an inner dark-coloured sheet and an outer transparent sheet, installed on a supporting base anchored to the ground or on floats on the surface of the sea, wherein in the apex of the pyramid there are included vaporizers with micronebulisers for nebulising the water to be treated, a device for capturing humid air through a continuous or sectioned condensation column and for subsoil distillation and heat dissipation in the smaller, water-collecting tank and recirculation of the air devoid of humidity into the enclosure. In addition, it includes a computerised control system of the processes includes controls of the air and nebulised water flow rates and of the working regime of the facility. 1. A seawater , brine or sewage solar desalination plant comprising a closed enclosure bounded by a transparent shell and with a dome , triangular cupola or pyramidal upper area , installed on a supporting base anchored to the ground or on floats on the surface of the sea , that includes vehiculation means for carrying the air inside the enclosure , heated by solar energy , towards the top of the enclosure , vaporising means close to said top including a number of micronebulisers of the water to be treated , means for collecting the humid air resulting from the evaporation towards a condensation and distillation column communicating with a tank in the subsoil or below sea level , wherein the condensation and the heat dissipation are completed , and means for recirculating the collected humid air , discharged of water , towards the interior of the enclosure.2. A desalination plant according to wherein said vehiculation means for carrying hot air towards the top of the enclosure comprise a sunlight-capturing surface claim 1 , formed by a surface inside the enclosure that is parallel to the outer transparent shell and spaced therefrom claim 1 , bounding an ascending sloping space.3. A desalination plant according to wherein ...

Water purification systems and methods

Systems, components, and methods for water purification are described. In an example, a system may comprise an array of light-focusing elements, a heat exchanger device, a turbine generator, or other components and can be configured to use a source of light (e.g., sunlight) to filter water from a water source and to generate electricity. The electricity may be looped back into the system to further produce filtered water.

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO REFURBISH THE NON-CONVECTIVE ZONE IN A SALINITY GRADIENT SOLAR POND

A Salinity Gradient Solar Pond (SGSP) has saturated salt water in the bottom zone of the pond and nearly fresh water at the top zone, with a gradient zone between the top and bottom. Due to this salinity stratification the upward diffusion of salt is a natural consequence in SGSP's. Controlling the salinity gradient in SGSP systems is vital to their reliable operation. The method for controlling the salinity gradient disclosed in this application, coined the “Pond Rolling Method” by the authors, rapidly drains the pond's non-gradient zones, refurbishes the gradient, and restores the non-gradient zones of the SGSP system, in a manner that minimizes land use, water and heat loss. The salt in the pond is allowed to diffuse upward over time and, on condition as needed to restore the gradient, the Pond Rolling Method is used to completely rebuild the gradient and the SGSP zones. 1. A method to refurbish a non-convective zone in a salinity gradient solar pond comprising the steps of:draining an upper convective zone and a lower convective zone from a salinity gradient solar pond utilizing a plurality of transfer units,storing the upper convective zone and the lower convective zone in a corresponding zone of at least one surrounding ponds;refurbishing the non-convective zone of the salinity gradient solar pond; andreturning the upper convective zone and the lower convective zone from at least one surrounding pond to the salinity gradient solar pond via the plurality of transfer units.2. The method of further comprising the step of:conditioning a lower part of the refurbished non-convective zone to enable a preferred gradient interface between the lower convective zone and the non-convective zone once the hot lower convective zone is returned to the pond under repair and partially mixes with the cooler, refurbished non-convective zone.3. The method of further comprising the step of:designing the SGSP array modularity to minimize the requisite freeboard in the ponds and ...

RENEWABLE DESALINATION OF BRINES

Separation systems and processes using osmotically driven membrane systems are disclosed and generally involve the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. These systems and processes involve the integration of the osmotically driven membrane systems, such as forward osmosis, with renewable energy sources, such as solar thermal power plants or geothermal installations for the recovery of draw solutes. 1. A system for osmotic extraction of a solvent from a first solution , comprising: a first chamber having an inlet fluidly coupled to a source of the first solution;', 'a second chamber having an inlet fluidly coupled to a source of a concentrated draw solution; and', 'a semi-permeable membrane system separating the first chamber from the second chamber and configured for osmotically separating the solvent from the first solution, thereby forming a second solution in the first chamber and a dilute draw solution in the second chamber;, 'a forward osmosis unit comprisinga source of thermal energy from a renewable energy source; and a first inlet fluidly coupled to an outlet of the second chamber of the forward osmosis unit for receiving the dilute draw solution therefrom;', 'a second inlet for receiving the source of thermal energy;', 'a first outlet fluidly coupled to the second chamber of the forward osmosis unit for introducing the concentrated draw solution to the forward osmosis unit; and', 'a second outlet for outputting the solvent., 'a separation system in fluid communication with the forward osmosis unit and the source of thermal energy and configured to separate the dilute draw solution into the concentrated draw solution and a solvent stream, the separation system comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the forward osmosis unit comprises a plurality of semi-permeable membrane systems.3. The system of claim 1 , ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SORBTION DISTILLATION

A system and method for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor valves, a plurality of hollow tubes, a plurality of channels adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a porous media, a hygroscopic material, and a plurality of graphite flakes, and wherein each vapor valve connects a bed to either the condenser or the evaporator. The method utilizes a number of open-cycle adsorption stages operate in an alternating cycle of forcing and relaxing, whereby both the latent heat of vaporization and the latent heat of adsorption are multiply reused to distill water. 1. A distillation system , comprising:a heat source; a plurality of beds; and', 'an evaporator and a condenser are operatively connected to a first bed of the plurality of beds and a second bed of the plurality of beds;, 'a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprisingwherein each bed comprises at least a first and a second vapor valve, at least one hollow tube, at least one channel adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a porous media, a hygroscopic material, and a plurality of graphite flakes, andwherein the first vapor valve connects the bed the condenser and the second vapor valve connects the bed to the evaporator.2. The distillation system of claim 1 , wherein each evaporator and condenser is located between the first bed and second bed of each of the respective stage.3. The distillation system of claim 1 , wherein the hollow tubes are comprised of at least one material selected from the group of copper claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , or steel claim 1 , the porous media is comprised of silica gel claim 1 , and the hygroscopic material is ...

APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF DISTILLED WATER AND HOT WATER

A hot water and distillation apparatus configured to simultaneously produce distilled water and hot water is disclosed. The hot water and distillation apparatus comprises a hot water tank, a condensation and evaporation chamber, an (feed water) evaporation tray provided in the condensation and evaporation chamber, a heat source thermally connected to the evaporation tray. The hot water and distillation apparatus is configured to condensate evaporated feed water from the evaporation tray by means of heat exchange between the hot water tank and a condensation surface. The condensation surface is provided at the outside surface of the hot water tank. The heat source is thermally connected to the evaporation tray. The hot water and distillation apparatus comprises a distillate collection member configured to collect distillate. The hot water tank, the evaporation tray and the distillate collection member are provided in the condensation and evaporation chamber. 1. A hot water and distillation apparatus configured to simultaneously produce distilled water and hot water , wherein the hot water and distillation apparatus comprises:a hot water tank;a condensation and evaporation chamber;an evaporation tray provided in the condensation and evaporation chamber;a heat source thermally connected to the evaporation tray, wherein the hot water and distillation apparatus is configured to condensate evaporated feed water from the evaporation tray by means of heat exchange between the hot water tank and a condensation surface, wherein the condensation surface is provided at the outside surface of the hot water tank, wherein the heat source is thermally connected to the evaporation tray, wherein the hot water and distillation apparatus comprises a distillate collection member configured to collect distillate, wherein the hot water tank, the evaporation tray and the distillate collection member are provided in the condensation and evaporation chamber.2. The hot water and distillation ...

Anti-Blocking Seawater Desalination Device Based on Graphene Filtering

The invention relates to an anti-blocking seawater desalination device based on graphene filtering, comprising heating device, solar heat-collecting device, fresh water condensation heat-exchange device and thermal-expansion and cold-shrinkage control valve mechanism; the heating device can fully heat and distill seawater, the sprayed seawater is distilled by graphene heat-conduction layers to improve the distillation efficiency and avoiding blocking; the distilled water vapor enters into fresh water condensation heat-exchange device to exchange heat with seawater, increasing the seawater temperature, making full use of the heat in water vapor, and increasing water vapor condensation speed; the distilled concentrated seawater enters into the thermal-expansion and cold-shrinkage control valve mechanism, the flow of seawater entering into the heating device is controlled by the concentrated seawater temperature, when the temperature is too high, the flow of the seawater entering into the heating device increases, and when the temperature is too low, the flow decreases. 12134. An anti-blocking seawater desalination device based on graphene filtering , comprising heating device () , solar heat-collecting device () , fresh water condensation heat-exchange device () and thermal-expansion and cold-shrinkage control valve mechanism ();{'b': 106', '1', '209', '2', '14', '105', '1', '210', '15, 'heat-conduction fluid outlet () on the solar heat-collecting device () and heating inlet () on the heating device () are connected through heat-conduction fluid introduction pipeline (), heat-conduction fluid inlet () on the solar heat-collecting device () and heating outlet () are connected through heat-conduction fluid discharge pipeline ();'}{'b': 2', '305', '3', '8', '308', '3', '5', '10, 'the top of the heating device () and fresh water inlet () on the fresh water condensation heat-exchange device () are connected through a vapor connection pipeline (), and fresh water outlet () ...

ADAPTER FOR CONNECTING AT LEAST TWO PLASTIC BOTTLES

The invention relates to an adapter () for connecting at least two plastic bottles (A, B), preferably PET bottles, the screw connections () of which are screwable into corresponding threaded receptacles () of the adapter (). In order to produce a compact water purifying or water treatment system, a first flow path (D) is formed in the adapter (), which flow path establishes a flow connection for water vapour from a first threaded receptacle () to a second threaded receptacle (), wherein a plastic bottle (A) filled at least partly with waste water is insertable into the first threaded receptacle () and an empty plastic bottle (B) is insertable into the second threaded receptacle (), wherein a second flow path (K) for collecting and discharging condensed water out of the empty plastic bottle (B) is formed in the adapter (). 1. An adapter for connecting at least two plastic bottles , preferably PET bottles , the screw connections of which are screwable into corresponding threaded receptacles of the adapter , wherein a first flow path (W) is formed in the adapter , which flow path establishes a flow connection for water vapour from a first threaded receptacle to a second threaded receptacle , wherein a plastic bottle (A) filled at least partly with waste water is insertable into the first threaded receptacle and an empty plastic bottle (B) is insertable into the second threaded receptacle , and a second flow path (K) for collecting and discharging condensed water out of the empty plastic bottle (B) is formed in the adapter.2. The adapter according to claim 1 , wherein the adapter is formed in a substantially tubular manner and comprises respective threaded receptacles at opposite ends whose axes coincide.3. The adapter according to claim 2 , wherein the adapter comprises an annular shoulder in the interior claim 2 , on which rest the plastic bottles (A claim 2 , B) which are inserted into the adapter claim 2 , wherein a cylindrical collar is integrally formed on the ...

Photovoltaic Distiller for the Recycling of Greywater to Potable Water

A low to medium output solar fluid evaporation/distillation system is described that is practical to manufacture using current photovoltaic solar panels or enhanced photovoltaic panels designed exclusively for this application. The system works in conjunction with a water feed in system that provides a minimum quality of water or other fluid to the distillation chamber. The system utilizes a warming envelope and can have optimized dielectric mirrors designed to enhance the water purity and increase output. 1. An apparatus for the distillation of greywater that includes a photovoltaic component comprising:said photovoltaic component transforms a portion of received solar energy to electrical energy;a distillation chamber having a parabolic cross section;a mesh or envelope; anda plurality of tubes;wherein the plurality of tubes are located within the distillation chamber, the distillation chamber being constructed to allow for the capture of distilled water as a result of said photovoltaic component, and the distilled water being water distilled from greywater that passes through the mesh or envelope.2. The apparatus of further comprising a dielectric mirror that is optimized for 254 nm ultraviolet light.3. The apparatus of further comprising a photovoltaic panel as glazing.4. The apparatus of wherein the dielectric mirror is located underneath the photovoltaic panel.5. The apparatus of further comprising an insulation layer located underneath the mesh or envelope.6. The apparatus of wherein manifolds connect the plurality of tubes.7. A solar distiller that includes a photovoltaic component comprising:said photovoltaic component transforms a portion of received solar energy to electrical energy;a parabolic concentrator; anda greywater tube;wherein the parabolic concentrator is shaped to reflect incoming full spectrum solar energy on to the greywater tube, the greywater tube being constructed so that greywater from a home can flow through the tube, the greywater tube ...

System and method of desalinating seawater

Saline water from a body of water is desalinated using a water purification system. Chambers of a plurality of tanks are filled with a volume of saline water. The saline water is heated to increase a pressure and produce water vapor within the chamber of each tank. A condensation valve disposed within a condensing tube is moved to an open position such that the water vapor is released into a respective condensing tube. The water vapor is condensed to provide potable water.

SOLAR POWERED VACUUM ASSISTED DESALINATION SYSTEM

A water sanitizing system is disclosed and includes an inner chamber and an outer chamber disposed at least partially around the inner chamber. A lens concentrates solar energy applied to a liquid within the inner chamber. A vacuum source in communication separately with the inner chamber and the outer chamber. The vacuum source controls a pressure within the inner chamber separately from the outer chamber for controlling conversion of liquid within the inner chamber to a gas. The outer chamber, also under vacuum, is an insulative layer to prevent heat loss. 1. A water sanitizing system comprising:an inner chamber including a water inlet, a gas outlet and a discharge;an outer chamber disposed at least partially around the inner chamber;a lens for concentrating solar energy on contents within the inner chamber, wherein lens concentrates solar energy applied to a liquid within the inner chamber; anda vacuum source in communication separately with the inner chamber and the outer chamber, the vacuum source controlling pressure within the inner chamber separately from the outer chamber for controlling conversion of liquid within the inner chamber to a gas.2. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner chamber and the outer chamber include transparent portions and the lens concentrates and directs solar energy through the transparent portions.3. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the lens comprises a Fresnel lens.4. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 3 , further including Fresnel linear mirrors disposed within the outer chamber for focusing solar energy on the inner chamber.5. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the lens comprises a parabolic trough solar concentrator.6. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the lens comprises a portion of the outer chamber.7. The water sanitizing system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the lens comprises a linear heliostat solar ...

AN IMPROVED SOLAR WATER DISTILLATION MODULE

An improved solar water distillation system including: a flow system for collecting one or more condensate streams from an input treatment liquid; and an input treatment liquid separator within the flow system adapted to collect excess input treatment liquid from the flow system separate from the one or more condensate streams. The treatment liquid is maintained separate to the condensate streams to substantially minimise cross-contamination of the one or more condensate streams. 118-. (canceled)19. An improved solar water distillation module substantially minimising cross-contamination of an input stream of a treatment liquid and a plurality of condensate streams , including:an elongate planar frame assembly defining a perimeter having a top end and a bottom end and side portions, and leg supports supporting the frame assembly at an angle to the horizontal defining a top end and a bottom end thereof, and at an angle to the vertical;a disbursement header mounted to the planar frame assembly located close to the top end, the disbursement header having a reservoir for receiving treatment liquid from a treatment liquid source;an elongate base tray mounted to the planar frame assembly having a planar upper surface and opposite facing surface, wherein the upper surface is heat conductive and adapted to reflect solar energy;a porous material sheet overlaying the planar upper surface of the base tray, wherein a top end portion of the porous material is in fluid communication with the reservoir of the disbursement header, and wherein the porous material sheet is adapted to draw liquid from the reservoir of treatment liquid and distribute the treatment liquid over the area defined by the upper surface of the base tray;an upper solar energy transmission wall attached to the planar frame extending over and spaced from the upper surface of the elongate base tray, the upper solar energy transmission wall formed of substantially clear or translucent plastic material having an ...

Solar thermal membrane distillation system for drinking water production

A solar distillation device includes a feed water chamber having an open interior feed water compartment and a feed water inlet to the feed water compartment. A distillate chamber has a top and sides and an open interior distillate compartment, and a distillate water outlet in liquid communication with the distillate compartment. The top, the rear wall, and the sides of the distillate chamber includes a solar radiation transmissive portion. A distillation membrane separates the feed water compartment from the distillate compartment, and has a feed water facing surface and a distillate facing surface. The membrane can include a porous hydrophobic material, and the distillate surface of the distillation membrane can be black. The transmissive portion allows solar radiation to pass through the top, the rear wall, and the sides of the distillate chamber and strike the distillation membrane.

SEMICONDUCTOR CHILLING MULTILAYER COMBINED BUFFER SOLAR POWERED PHOTOVOLTAIC DISTILLER

The present invention relates to a semiconductor chilling multilayer combined buffer solar powered photovoltaic distiller, comprises a machine frame, a first water tank for storing water to be distilled, a water pump, a heat collector, a steam pump, a condensation pipe, a second water tank for storing desalinated water, a PLC controller and a solar panel. The heat collector comprises an outer glass case and an inner glass case. The first water tank is connected to one end of the chamber of the inner glass case. The other end of the inner glass case is connected to the buffer tank. The steam pump is connected to the buffer tank. The steam pump, the condensation pipe fixedly mounted on the support plate and the water tank fixedly mounted on the base plate are connected in series. A semiconductor chilling plate and an electric heater are alternately disposed between the condensation pipe and the support plate. The structure is reasonable, having the advantages of simple, convenient to use, high energy utilization rate, does not rely on external power supply etc. can effectively solve the problem of traditional water resource treatment having big energy consumption, and the equipment and site being not movable. 1. A semiconductor chilling multilayer combined buffer solar powered photovoltaic distiller , comprises a machine frame , a first water tank for storing water to be distilled , a water pump , a heat collector , a steam pump , a condensation pipe , a second water tank for storing desalinated water , a PLC controller and a solar panel; the machine frame comprises a base plate , a support plate and a support pole; the two ends of the support plate are hinged to the base plate and the support pole respectively; an adjustment plate having a plurality of grooves is fixedly mounted on the base plate , a free end of the support pole is abut against the groove;the heat collector is fixedly mounted on the support plate; the heat collector comprises an outer glass case and ...

GIGACUBES SOLAR STILL

A solar still that collects and focuses sunlight to convert to steam filthy water and condense the steam in a versatile multipurpose cube casing; the solar still's cube casing is also a building block to build horizontal or vertical structures while simultaneously purifying water; the Gigacubes solar still also builds floating structures, all while cleaning itself with the sun's heat, storing the clean water, heating air or water, and seamlessly interfacing with additional blocks; it performs these tasks while purifying water, providing flotation to a community, and cleaning itself; the Gigacubes solar still also grows plants and entire gardens with soil to provide a low maintenance source of local organic fresh produce in areas that would not otherwise be hospitable to plants on account of being devoid of clean or fresh water. 1. A building system comprisingcubes with solar stills that harness sunlight when assembled in both a horizontal and vertical configuration so communities can build horizontal structures like sidewalks and vertical structures like home walls and fences while also purifying water and without the need for electricity or moving parts;cubes with solar stills that simultaneously purify water, store purified water, float in the water they are purifying and assemble together to form pontoons, walls, bridges and floating communities;cubes with solar stills that are self-cleaning and can be either stationary next to polluted water sources that they purify or that can be mobile and float in water;cubes with solar stills that allow purified water to collect in a single location below them when stacked horizontally or vertically;cubes with solar stills that affix themselves to each other and to other panels and boxes with reversible hinges on their edges.2. A set of shapes comprisingbasic mathematically defined solar stills in cube shapes that are a building block for artificial intelligence and other computational tools to calculate the optimal ...

A METHOD FOR STORING ENERGY AND GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER AND A DEVICE FOR STORING SOLAR ENERGY AND GENERATING ELECTRIC POWER

A method for storing solar energy and generating electric power comprising the steps of utilizing a solar powered water treatment device () to convert non-potable water () into distillate () and concentrate (), storing the distillate and the concentrate in a distillate storage tank () and a concentrate storage tank () respectively and feeding the distillate from the distillate storage tank and the concentrate from the concentrate storage tank to a salient gradient power device () to generate electric power. 1. A method for storing energy and generating electric power comprising the steps of:feeding non-potable water to a water treatment device,converting in the water treatment device the non-potable water into distillate and concentrate,storing at least part of the distillate from the water treatment device in a distillate storage tank,storing the concentrate from the water treatment device in a concentrate storage tank,feeding the distillate from the distillate storage tank and the concentrate from the concentrate storage tank to a salient gradient power device to generate electric power, using a solar power system to generate electric power and to heat distillate from a water treatment device,', 'the distillate being distilled water,', 'using the heated distillate in the water treatment device to convert the non-potable water into distillate and concentrate,', 'feeding at least part of the distillate water treatment device to the solar power system,', 'using a part of the electric power generated by the solar power system and the salient gradient power device as a sole source of electric power to operate the water treatment device and the salient gradient power device,', 'feeding at least part of the electric power generated by the solar power system and the salient gradient power device to an electric power grid., 'wherein the method also comprises the steps of2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein it comprises the step of using at least part of the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DESALINATING SEAWATER

Saline water from a body of water is desalinated using a water purification system. Chambers of a plurality of tanks are filled with a volume of saline water. The saline water is heated to increase a pressure and produce water vapor within the chamber of each tank. A condensation valve disposed within a condensing tube is moved to an open position such that the water vapor is released into a respective condensing tube. The water vapor is condensed to provide potable water. 1. A method of desalinating saline water from a body of water , the method comprising:filling chambers of a plurality of tanks with a volume of saline water;heating the saline water to increase a pressure and produce water vapor within the chamber of each tanks;moving a condensation valve to an open position such that the water vapor is released into a respective condensing tube; andcondensing the water vapor to provide potable water.2. A method claim 1 , as set forth in claim 1 , wherein moving a condensation valve to an open position is further defined as moving a condensation valve to an open position such that the water vapor is released into a respective condensing tube as all other valves are in a closed position.3. A method claim 2 , as set forth in claim 2 , further comprising:moving the condensation valve to a closed position;moving an outlet valve of at least one of the tanks to an open position when the condensation valve is in the closed position such that water from the at least one of the tanks flows to a subsequent tank through the respective condensing tube.4. A method claim 3 , as set forth in claim 3 , further comprising:moving the outlet valve to a closed position; andmoving a purge valve to an open position when the outlet valve is in the closed position such that water from the at least one of the tanks flows to at least one of the body of water and a preceding tank.5. A method claim 4 , as set forth in claim 4 , further comprising:sensing a value in at least one of the tanks; ...

OCEAN DESALINATION PLANT

The present application discloses a desalination plant that desalinates ocean water. A water gate of the desalination plant is opened to allow salt water from an ocean to flow into an isolated salt water zone. Once desired amount of salt water enters the desalination plant, the water gate is closed to prevent both further salt water from flowing into and the isolated salt water from flowing out of the isolated salt water zone. An isolation wall prevents the isolated salt water from flowing into a desalted water zone. The isolated salt water in the isolated salt water zone is heated by using sunlight and electric heating elements to be vaporized. The sunlight entering the isolated salt water zone is reflected on multiple reflective surface to further heat the isolated salt water. The vaporized water flows towards the desalted water zone, and subsequently cools down to condense into desalted water. The desalted water in the desalted water zone flows through an exit pipe and is collected at a reservoir. 1. A desalination plant configured to desalinate salt water from an ocean using solar energy comprising:a roof;a water gate connected to the roof;a base portion connected to the water gate; and wherein the isolation wall is configured to prevent the salt water from flowing from a first side of the isolation wall to a second side of the isolation wall,', 'wherein an isolated salt water zone is formed on the first side of the isolation wall,', 'wherein a desalted water zone is formed on the second side of the isolation wall,', 'wherein the water gate is configured to switch between an open state and a closed state,', 'wherein the water gate in the open state is configured to allow salt water to flow from the ocean into the isolated salt water zone,', 'wherein the water gate in the closed state is configured to prevent the salt water from flowing into the desalination plant,', 'wherein isolated salt water is isolated from the ocean and contained in the isolated salt water ...

Modular water purification device

A water purification device comprising a pre-purified water reservoir for storing pre-purified water, a water vapor chamber for receiving water vapor generated from heating the pre-purified water in the pre-purified water reservoir, a condensation chamber for receiving the water vapor and condensing the water vapor into purified water, and a Peltier device comprising a hot side and a cold side. The hot side of the Peltier device heats the pre-purified water into water vapor and the cold side of the Peltier device condenses the water vapor into purified water.

Microgrid powered self-water producing interconnected greenhouses

Certain embodiments may provide a method for controlling a desalination system. The method may include performing a desalination procedure with salt-water in a desalination compartment of the desalination system. The method may also include extracting brine and freshwater from the desalination procedure. The method may further include directing the brine to a brine treatment compartment of the desalination system, and the freshwater to a firewater container. In addition, the method may include performing a brine treatment procedure in the brine treatment compartment. Further, the method may include collecting concentrated brine from the brine treatment compartment.

Assembly and Method for Treating Raw Water

An assembly and a method for treating raw water wherein the raw water is heated on the heating side of a heat pump and at least partially evaporated into an air stream. At least part of the raw water evaporated into the air stream is separated in a suitable device. In addition, the heat pump is provided with heat on the cooling side by means of heated raw water that has not been evaporated into the air stream, and the heat pump has a thermal coupling in a coldest section of its cooling side, in order to provide cooling for external applications. 1. An assembly for treating a raw water havinga heat pump having a heating side and a cooling side and designed to heat the raw water on the heating side;a vaporizer which is designed to vaporize the heated raw water partly into an air stream; anda device which is connected downstream of the vaporizer and is suitable for separating out at least in part the raw water present in the air stream,wherein the heat pump is designed to be supplied with heat on the cooling side via heated raw water that has not been vaporized into the air stream; andwherein the heat pump, in a coldest subregion of the cooling side, has a thermal coupling which is suitable for providing cooling for external applications.2. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a compressing means is connected upstream of the device that is suitable for separating out the raw water present in the air stream claim 1 , which compressing means is suitable for compressing the air stream.3. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the device that is suitable for separating out the raw water present in the air stream comprises a carrier assembly having a number of carriers.4. The assembly as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the carriers are porously knitted flexible plastic tubings that have been subjected to a heat treatment for mechanical stabilization.5. The assembly as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the carriers are porous flexible tubings having an interior and a ...

New Device of Wastewater Treatment using Renewable Energy

Treatment of wastewater and particularly relates to a technique for wastewater treatment using renewable energy (RE) which is sole solar energy (SE). In bench scale experiment, a device is constructed to consist of two fixed upper and lower glass Petri dishes. Another device consists of plastic containers and both devices with the same volume of wastewater in the upper and distilled water in the lower container. The first device is placed on the bench beside a window to be exposed to sunlight at room temperature and the other device is put outdoors under direct sunlight during daytime. A build-up of small circular water droplets starts to appear on the external bottom of upper container. Water droplets are allowed to fall freely in the lower container, pH of droplets water is about 7.1. Yield of freshwater is at a rate of approximately 300 ml freshwater from 400 ml wastewater per 48 hours. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. A method to detect the rate of extraction of freshwater from wastewater with time factor using the device of . A volume of 60 ml wastewater claim 1 , can be increased or decreased claim 1 , is put in the upper plate and 20 ml distilled water claim 1 , can be increased or decreased claim 1 , in the lower plate. The device is exposed to sunlight claim 1 , but not to direct sunrays claim 1 , at room temperature and observed for 48 hours. The obtained waste debris in the upper plate and droplets of water which is collected from the lower surface of the upper dish.4. A device for treatment of wastewater comprising:an upper glass plate, wherein the upper glass plate is inverted upside-down facing upwards; anda lower glass plate, wherein the lower glass plate is facing upwards;wherein the upper glass plate is seated on the lower glass plate under non-direct sunlight at room temperature;wherein a diameter of the upper glass plate is greater than a diameter of the lower glass plate such that the upper glass plate is seated on the lower glass plate;wherein ...

Method of Wastewater Treatment using Renewable Energy

Treatment of wastewater and particularly relates to a technique for wastewater treatment using renewable energy (RE) which is sole solar energy (SE). In bench scale experiment, a device is constructed to consist of two fixed upper and lower glass Petri dishes. Another device consists of plastic containers and both devices with the same volume of wastewater in the upper and distilled water in the lower container. The first device is placed on the bench beside window to be exposed to sunlight at room temperature and the other device is put outdoors under direct sunlight during daytime. A build-up of small circular water droplets starts to appear on the external bottom of upper container. Water droplets are allowed to fall freely in the lower container, pH of droplets water is about 7.1. Yield of freshwater is at a rate of approximately 300 ml freshwater from 400 ml wastewater per 48 hours.

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS AND THIN PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR SOLAR APPLICATIONS

According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of solar thermal collectors, solar heating systems, and thin plate heat exchangers and absorbers. The thin plate heat exchangers and absorbers may be used for solar applications and/or non-solar applications. In an exemplary embodiment, a photovoltaic thermal collector generally includes a photovoltaic panel, a first layer, and a second layer. The first layer is configured such that thermal energy is transferable from the photovoltaic panel to the first layer. The second layer includes edges sealed to edges of the first layer. A permeable core is disposed between the first and second layers. In operation, a heat transfer fluid may flow through the permeable core, whereby thermal energy is transferable from the first layer to the heat transfer fluid. 1. A photovoltaic thermal collector comprising:a photovoltaic panel;a first layer configured such that thermal energy is transferable from the photovoltaic panel to the first layer;a second layer including edges sealed to edges of the first layer;a permeable core disposed between the first and second layers, whereby a cavity is maintained between the first and second layers that allows fluid flow between the first and second layers;an inlet for allowing a heat transfer fluid to enter the photovoltaic thermal collector and flow through the permeable core, whereby thermal energy is transferable from the first layer to the heat transfer fluid; andan outlet for allowing the heat transfer fluid to exit the photovoltaic thermal collector.2. The photovoltaic thermal collector of claim 1 , wherein the permeable core comprises a fan fold mesh layer.3. The photovoltaic thermal collector of claim 2 , wherein:a seal is between the first and second layers; andthe fan fold mesh layer includes fold lines and edges; andthe edges of the fan fold mesh layer touch edges of the seal between the first and second layers parallel to the fold lines to thereby inhibit the fan fold ...

LIQUID-DISTILLING DEVICE

A liquid distiller device. The device includes a dome impermeable to steam, configured to host the liquid to be distilled in an inferior part of its volume; a heat pump arranged in the interior of the dome and provided with a condenser which releases heat and an evaporator which absorbs heat, respectively conforming a hot part and a cold part of the heat pump; a radiator connected to the hot part of the heat pump, suitable for evaporating the liquid to be distilled; a condenser deposit connected to the cold part of the heat pump and suitable for condensing the evaporated liquid and collecting the distillate and; a collector tube, connected to the condenser deposit for the exit of the distillate. 12-. (canceled)3. A liquid distiller device , comprising: a dome which is transparent and impermeable to steam , the dome configured to host a liquid to be distilled in an inferior part of its volume; a heat pump arranged in the interior of the dome and provided with a condenser which releases heat and an evaporator which absorbs heat, respectively conforming a hot part and a cold part of the heat pump;', 'a radiator connected to the hot part of the heat pump, suitable for evaporating the liquid to be distilled;', 'a condenser deposit connected to the cold part of the heat pump and suitable for condensing the evaporated liquid and collecting the distillate and;', 'a collector tube, connected to the condenser deposit for the exit of the distillate, wherein the dome of the liquid distiller device exhibits an inferior opening conforming an access to its interior for the liquid to be distilled, and can be arranged on the surface where it is required to operate., 'the dome further comprising4. The liquid distiller device claim 3 , according to claim 3 , wherein the surface where it is required to operate is selected from saltwater claim 3 , non-drinkable water claim 3 , or any other liquid.5. A process for obtaining distilled liquids using the liquid distiller device of claim 3 , ...

System and method for sorbtion distillation

A system for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor valves, a plurality of hollow tubes, a plurality of channels adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a thermally conductive water vapor adsorbent, and wherein each vapor valve connects a bed to either the condenser or the evaporator.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS SALT EXTRACTION FROM BRINE

A water evaporation system includes an evaporation module configured to evaporate water from a brine; a support module attached to the evaporation module and configured to support the evaporation module above the brine; and an inlet configured to add a crystal growth inhibitor to the brine. 1. A water evaporation system comprising:an evaporation module configured to evaporate water from a brine;a support module attached to the evaporation module and configured to support the evaporation module above the brine; andan inlet configured to add a crystal growth inhibitor to the brine.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a brine container for holding the brine,wherein the support module has a first end located into the brine.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the first end is attached to the brine container.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the inlet is configured to release the crystal growth inhibitor into the brine container.5. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:a stirring device configured to stir the brine with the crystal growth inhibitor within the brine container.6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising:a pump that pumps the crystal growth inhibitor to the inlet.7. The system of claim 6 , further comprising:a processor attached to the pump and to a brine concentration sensor,wherein the processor is configured to start and stop the pump and the stirring device to continuously mix the brine with the crystal growth inhibitor.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the support module includes a porous material that makes the brine to move up to the evaporation module.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the evaporation module comprises:a brine evaporation interface layer;a heat source layer; andan insulation layer,wherein water is evaporated from the brine at the brine evaporation interface layer,wherein the heat source layer transfers heat to the brine evaporation interface layer for the evaporation process, andwherein the insulation layer prevents ...

Latent Heat and Crystalline Water Combination Power and Desalination Plant

(A) The inventions field is innovations in renewable energy production and desalinization. (B) The technical problems the invention addresses are: i. Solar systems require cells to harvest energy. Large-scale solar farms often pose significant environmental hazard, and require real estate to harbor them. ii. Evaporative desalinization plants require significant amounts of energy to produce clean product. 1. The invention would provide clean usable renewable solar energy harvested from surface water and potable water processed simultaneously by a cold crystalline desalinization process. NOT APPLICABLENOT APPLICABLENOT APPLICABLEThe invention is intended for use in the field of both renewable energy and sustainable desalinated water production. The renewable energy source is solar energy that has been absorbed by the ocean. The energy is transferred via refrigerant to do work. The source of desalinated water is salt water that undergoes phase change following the heat energy being harvested.Prior cold desalinization was deemed inefficient due to energy required to freeze raw materiel and difficulty separating crystal from brine.The invention and general idea of the process consists of the following: A reversible refrigeration cycle contains the evaporation and condensing coils within the walls of heat transfer tanks. The evaporation tank contains a screw or scrape to remove small ice crystals from the walls. Heat energy enters the refrigerant. Ice crystals are formed and pushed upward. Exiting the tank they are loosened slightly by vibration pushed out and rinsed with clean water at freezing and vacuum filtered. Brine is recovered for processing.Heat exits the refrigerant into working solution to power turbine or otherwise produce useable energy.The invention is intended to be used in a coastal region. It may be used anywhere there is access to water. It may have applications for industrial cooling towers or any water-cooled process. The invention harnesses solar ...

BILAYERED STRUCTURES FOR SOLAR STEAM GENERATION

The present disclosure is directed to steam generation through the efficient harvesting of solar energy. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to bilayered structures that are cost-effective, scalable and/or biodegradable that provide high steam-generation efficiency. 1. A composition comprising cellulose and at least one nanomaterial.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cellulose is nanocellulose.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the nanocellulose is selected from the group consisting of cellulose nanofibers claim 2 , microfibrillated cellulose claim 2 , nanocrystalline cellulose claim 2 , bacterial nanocellulose and combinations thereof.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the nanocellulose is bacterial nanocellulose.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , molybdenum disulfide claim 1 , polydopamine claim 1 , functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and combinations thereof.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the nanomaterial is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide claim 5 , reduce graphene oxide claim 5 , polydopamine claim 5 , and combinations thereof.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is biodegradable.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial is polydopamine.9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial is selected from the group consisting of graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide and a combination thereof.10. A method for the preparation of potable water claim 1 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'placing the composition according to in water;'}exposing the composition to radiation thereby generating steam; and,condensing the steam thereby preparing potable water.11. A method for generating steam claim 1 , the method ...

PROCESS FOR SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION

The present invention relates to a process for solar thermal energy production in which switching between daytime and nighttime operation is possible, and also to a device for solar thermal energy production. The present invention relates, in particular, to the use of the process and of the device for producing drinking water or service water. 1. A process for solar thermal energy production in which switching between daytime and nighttime operation is possible ,the process comprising, in the daytime operation,feeding heat energy by solar thermal power to a solar liquid which is continuously present and is heated,taking off a part of the solar liquid heated in the feeding as heating medium,storing a remaining part of the solar liquid heated in the feeding in a storage device, anddisplaying a colder solar liquid from the storage device by the part of the heated solar liquid that is to be stored,and, in the nighttime operation,introducing the same solar liquid in the daytime operation which is continuously present into the storage device in such a manner thatthe heated solar liquid obtained in the storing is displaced from the storage device andis withdrawn as heating medium.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solar liquid comprises substantially water.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solar liquid has a salinity in the range from 0.5% to 30.0%.4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solar liquid is contaminated by suspended matter.5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the solar liquid is contaminated by microorganisms.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solar liquid claim 1 , during the heating by solar thermal power claim 1 , is heat-insulatingly covered from the surroundings in such a manner that energy input into the solar liquid by radiation is possible.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a fill height of the storage device can be controlled.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a fill ...

Floating salt farm

The present invention, the floating salt farm, is a system situated at offshore locations for producing crystallized salt and bittern through the evaporation of seawater. The energy storage tank, which is a floating salt farm component, is a storing component for accumulating electricity generated from various energy sources. A plurality of photovoltaic panels is fixed on the buoyant foundation situated at offshore locations or a barge, which is a movable structure. 1. A system situated at an offshore location for producing crystallized salt and bittern , the system comprising: at least one offshore structure or support structure installed onshore, connected to the buoyant foundation, for reinforcement; and', 'a motor propeller installed or a towboat connected to the buoyant foundation, for movement; and, 'a buoyant foundation being situated on the surface of a body of seawater, the buoyant foundation comprising a seawater tank for extracting the seawater at the offshore location;', an evaporator plate for capturing the crystallized salt which is produced and the surface of the evaporator plate being a sieve surface;', 'an evaporator tank opening for releasing water vapor which is produced, to the atmosphere; and', 'at least one wind propeller for supplying breeze; and, 'an evaporator tank for evaporating the seawater which is pumped from the seawater tank to produce the crystallized salt and the bittern, the evaporator tank comprising, 'a heating tank for supplying heating energy to the evaporator tank;', 'a deposit tank for detaching the bittern attached to the crystallized salt which is pumped from the evaporator tank, the deposit tank comprising a flooring with an angled slope;', 'a storage tank for drying and storing the crystallized salt which is pumped from the deposit tank and storing the bittern which is pumped from the evaporator tank and the deposit tank, the storage tank comprising a flooring with an angled slope, a heater and at least one wind propeller ...

Gravity power and desalination technology system

A gravity power and desalination technology system is provided, including a heat storage apparatus, an inner tube portion, a hot-air and vapor generator, and venting holes, a corrugated tube portion, an outer tube portion, an updraft wind power generator, and an artificial hydro power generator. The heat storage apparatus is provided in a lower portion and configured. The inner tube portion has an inner vent portion inside and disposed vertically over the heat storage apparatus. The hot-air and vapor generator is disposed between the heat storage apparatus and the inner tube portion. The venting holes are bored through the inner tube portion obliquely outwards. The corrugated tube portion is provided on a top portion of the outer tube portion. The updraft wind power generator and the artificial hydro power generator are installed in the lower portions of the inner vent portion and the outer vent portion, respectively.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR UTILIZING HEAT IN A PLANT OR ANIMAL GROWING DEVICE, AND GREENHOUSE

A method for utilizing heat in a plant or animal growing device includes circulating a heat transfer fluid through a circuit forming a closed fluid loop, heating, via a heat source, the heat transfer fluid in the fluid circuit to a temperature within an efficient operating range of a first heat unit, supplying heat from the heat transfer fluid to a first heat unit, the first heat unit cooling down at least part of the heat transfer fluid to a temperature within an efficient operating range of at least one additional heat unit connected in serial arrangement with the heat source and the first heat unit, supplying heat from the heat transfer fluid from the first heat unit to the additional heat unit, the additional heat unit cooling down at least part of the heat transfer fluid, and returning the cooled down part of the heat transfer fluid from the additional heat unit to the heat source in the fluid circuit. 1. A method for utilizing heat in a plant or animal growing device , comprising:circulating a heat transfer fluid through a circuit forming a closed fluid loop;heating, via a heat source, the heat transfer fluid in the fluid circuit to a temperature within an efficient operating range of a first heat unit;supplying heat from the heat transfer fluid to a first heat unit, the first heat unit cooling down at least part of the heat transfer fluid to a temperature within an efficient operating range of at least one additional heat unit connected in serial arrangement with the heat source and the first heat unit;supplying heat from the heat transfer fluid from the first heat unit to the additional heat unit, the additional heat unit cooling down at least part of the heat transfer fluid; andreturning the cooled down part of the heat transfer fluid from the additional heat unit to the heat source in the fluid circuit.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:a heat fluid outlet temperature of one of the respective heat unit and the heat source equals a heat fluid ...

SOLAR STILL SYSTEM AND RELATED SOLAR DRIVEN IRRIGATION APPARATUS

The present invention is related to a solar driven irrigation apparatus for converting contaminated water contained in a contaminated water body into distilled water and using said distilled water for irrigating the vegetation grown on the said irrigation apparatus, the solar driven irrigation apparatus comprising a cover in the form of a geometrical projection comprising a wall, an opening, a semi-permeable mesh, a soil layer and a chamber. The present invention also related to a process for irrigating natural vegetation using the solar driven irrigation apparatus. 1. A solar driven irrigation apparatus for converting contaminated water contained in a contaminated water body into distilled water and using said distilled water for irrigating the vegetation grown on the said irrigation apparatus , the solar driven irrigation apparatus comprising a cover in the form of a geometrical projection comprising a wall , an opening , a semi-permeable mesh , a soil layer and a chamber , wherein:the wall is adapted to be in thermal communication with the external environment for capturing solar heat and in optical communication with the opening for allowing passage of solar rays from the external environment to the opening; the top of the wall is covered by a semi-permeable mesh which itself supports a soil layer and the vegetation to be irrigated,the opening is adapted to be in optical communication with the wall and the surface of the contaminated water body for allowing passage of the solar rays from the wall to the surface of the contaminated water body for heating the contaminated water to form a vapor, and adapted to be in fluid communication with the surface of the contaminated water body and the chamber for allowing passage of the vapor from the surface of the contaminated water body inside the chamber;the chamber is defined by the wall, the chamber being adapted to be in fluid communication with the opening for receiving the vapor formed and allowing the vapor to pass ...

Immiscible Liquid Mediated Humidification / Dehumidification Systems and Methods

Apparatuses for removal of solids from water comprising a heater for heating an immiscible liquid (IL), a humidifier having porous sheets allowing direct contact between the IL and water, thereby separating the solids by evaporating the water into cool dry air flowing past the porous sheets, and a dehumidifier comprising porous sheets that allow direct contact between the cool IL and hot moist air flowing past the porous sheets, thereby condensing fresh water from the moist air. Also disclosed are methods for removal of solids from water by heating an IL, distributing the IL to porous sheets in a humidifier, distributing water with dissolved solids to the porous sheets, separating the solids from the water by evaporating the water into dry air flowing past the porous sheets, and condensing fresh water by flowing the moist air past porous sheets in a dehumidifier having cool IL distributed to the porous sheets. 1. An apparatus comprising:a heater for heating a liquid heat transfer media that is immiscible with water;a humidifier section comprising at least one first porous sheet allowing contact between the heated liquid heat transfer media and the water such that the water evaporates into dry air flowing past the at least one porous sheet, thereby producing moist air, cool heat transfer media and separated solids;a dehumidifier section comprising at least one second porous sheet for allowing contact between the cool liquid heat transfer media and the moist air flowing past the at least one second porous sheet such that fresh water condenses from the moist air producing dry air and hot liquid heat transfer media.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flow rates of air claim 1 , liquid heat transfer media claim 1 , and the water in the humidifier section are adjusted to completely evaporate the water.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the humidifier section and the dehumidifier section comprise multiple stages claim 1 , and the flow rates of air claim 1 ...

Solar Still Apparatus

There is provided a solar still apparatus for converting contaminated water contained in a contaminated water body into distillate water, the contaminated water body having a water surface, the solar still apparatus comprising a cover in the form of a geometrical projection comprising a wall, an opening and a chamber, wherein the wall is adapted to be in thermal communication with the external environment for capturing solar heat and in optical communication with the opening for allowing passage of solar rays from the external environment to the opening; the opening is adapted to be in optical communication with the wall and the surface of the contaminated water body for allowing passage of the solar rays from the wall to the surface of the contaminated water body for heating the contaminated water to form a vapor, and adapted to be in fluid communication with the surface of the contaminated water body and the chamber for allowing passage of the vapor from the surface of the contaminated water body inside the chamber; and the chamber is defined by the wall, the chamber being adapted to be in fluid communication with the opening for receiving the vapor formed and condensing the vapor for forming condensed distillate water therefrom. 1. A solar still apparatus for converting contaminated water contained in a contaminated water body into distillate water , the contaminated water body having a water surface , the solar still apparatus comprising a cover in the form of a geometrical projection comprising a wall , an opening and a chamber , wherein:the wall is adapted to be in thermal communication with the external environment for capturing solar heat and in optical communication with the opening for allowing passage of solar rays from the external environment to the opening;the opening is adapted to be in optical communication with the wall and the surface of the contaminated water body for allowing passage of the solar rays from the wall to the surface of the ...

Solar Still System And Related Water Transportation Apparatus

There is provided a water transportation system comprising evaporation zones for converting water into water vapour; condensation zones for condensing the water vapour into condensed water, the condensation zones being in fluid communication with the evaporation zones; water vapour conduits adapted to enable the fluid communication of the water vapour between the evaporation zones and the condensation zones; condensed water conduits adapted to enable the fluid communication of condensed water between the condensation zones and the evaporation zones; wherein the evaporation zones and the condensation zones alternate in position along a water transportation path between a water source site and a water destination site for enabling the transport of water from the water source site to the water destination site through alternating processes of evaporation-condensation and condensation-evaporation of the water. 2. The water transportation system as claimed in wherein the water vapour conduits and the condensed water conduits have respectively lower ends in proximity of the water source site and upper ends in a direction opposite to the water source site claim 1 , and wherein the water vapour conduits upper ends are connected to the condensed water conduits upper ends forming the condensation zones and the water vapour conduits lower ends are connected to the condensed water conduits lower ends forming the evaporation zones.3. The water transportation system as claimed in wherein the water transportation path has a water path axis defined by a straight line between the water source site and the water destination site claim 2 , and wherein the evaporation zones are substantially at a same height with respect to each other from the water path axis and the condensation zones are substantially at same height with respect to each other from the water path axis.4. The water transportation system as claimed in wherein the water source site is located in a water body having a ...

INFLATABLE NON-IMAGING SOLAR CONCENTRATOR BASED CONCENTRATING HYBRID SOLAR THERMAL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM POWERED WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM

An inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator based concentrating solar thermal and photovoltaic system powered water desalination system comprises a concentrating electricity and heat cogeneration subsystem, a battery storage subsystem, a thermal storage subsystem with electric heater, a thermal power regeneration subsystem, and a water distillation system with electric heater. The inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator makes the concentrating system substantially low cost, and the hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic panels used to construct the cogeneration receiver make the system ultra-high efficient. The cogenerated thermal energy is stored in a thermal storage and the cogenerated electric energy is stored in a battery storage to heat the stored thermal energy to pre-set high temperature for thermal power regeneration. The thermal energy after thermal power generation is used to desalinize water with assistance of electric heater powered by the stored electricity. An extra conventional photovoltaic system is added to compensate the concentrating hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic system. 2. (canceled)3. The inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator based concentrating hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic subsystem of claim 1 , wherein said inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator is mounted on said thermal energy and electric power cogeneration receiver assembled with the hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic panels claim 1 , both said inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator and said thermal energy and electric power cogeneration receiver assembled with the hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic panels are mounted on said two axis tracker.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The inflatable non-imaging solar concentrator based concentrating hybrid solar thermal and photovoltaic system powered water desalination system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal power generation subsystem is connected to the water distillation ...

BORON CARBIDE BILAYER FOAM SOLAR EVAPORATOR AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THEREOF

The present invention provides a solar absorber incorporated bilayer foam solar evaporator for seawater and wastewater purification including a plurality of solar absorbers partially incorporated into a porous polymer framework and partially forming a thermal insulation layer proximal to solar irradiation. In particular, low-cost commercially available BC powders are embedded into a porous polymer foam in a one-pot method to form a scaffold of boron carbide bilayer foam (BCBF) with good hydrophilic wettability, heat-shielding, and solar-thermal conversion. The boron carbide bilayer foam (BCBF) of the present invention enables a high cost-performance seawater desalination and wastewater purification at a high evaporation rate of 2.8 kg/m/h with 93% solar evaporation efficiency under 1 sun illumination (or 1 kW/m). The present invention thereby provides an excellent and cost-effective solar evaporator tool for industrial-level water purification. Following the present method to prepare the BCBF solar evaporator, the fabrication cost can be as low as 3.6 $/m. 1. A solar absorber incorporated bilayer foam solar evaporator for seawater and wastewater treatment comprisinga porous polymer framework; and{'sup': '2', '#text': 'a plurality of hydrophilic solar absorbers partially incorporated into the porous polymer framework and partially forming a thermal insulation layer while the porous polymer framework incorporated with the hydrophilic solar absorbers providing a highly wettable structure to facilitate water transportation under solar irradiation of at least 1 kW/min ambient air.'}2. The solar absorber incorporated bilayer foam solar evaporator of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymer framework comprises one or more polymers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) claim 1 , polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) claim 1 , polyurethane (PU) and melamine.3. The solar absorber incorporated bilayer foam solar evaporator of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of solar absorbers is selected from boron ...

SOLAR DESALINATOR

A solar desalinator that converts contaminated water to potable water includes a cylindrical solar collector, a trough-shaped parabolic mirror, and a condenser. The solar collector is positioned within the trough-shaped parabolic mirror, and the parabolic mirror focuses the Sun's rays onto the solar collector, heats the water, and converts the water to steam. The steam is fed to the condenser where the steam is condensed to recover potable water. The solar collector includes an inner conduit surrounded by an outer shell with a vacuum in the anger space between. Energy absorbing material in the form of dark metal is positioned in the inner conduit. A residue bulb is attached at the contaminated water inlet to collect residue left by the creation of the steam. 1. A solar desalinator for removing contaminants from contaminated water to produce potable water comprising:a. a source of contaminated water; i. an inner conduit having in internal wall defining a volume, a center line, a collector inlet for receiving the contaminated water, and a collector outlet for delivering steam;', 'ii. an outer shell surrounding the inner conduit defining an annular vacuum space between the inner conduit and the outer shell;', 'iii. a stopper positioned adjacent the collector outlet capable of blocking water from the collector outlet but transmitting steam to the collector outlet; and', 'iv. a heat absorbing material positioned within the inner conduit;, 'b. a solar collector for receiving the contaminated water comprisingc. a parabolic mirror configured as a trough, extending parallel to the solar collector, and having a focal line coincident with the center line of the inner conduit; andd. a condenser for receiving the steam the collector outlet of the inner conduit and condensing the steam into potable water.2. The solar desalinator of claim 1 , wherein the heat absorbing material is a dark metal.3. The solar desalinator of claim 2 , wherein the heat absorbing material is in the form ...

SYSTEM FOR DISTILLING ETHANOL USING AN AIR-COOLED CONDENSER

The present invention is directed towards a system for condensing ethanol during the distillation stage of ethanol production by using an air-cooled condenser. Typically ethanol producing facilities use water-cooled condensers to cool the vaporized ethanol into liquid ethanol. However this water-cooled condenser uses about 50% of the water used in the cooling tower and requires replacement. Due to growing concerns and scrutiny of water usage in the ethanol producing industry air-cooled condensers in the distillation step of ethanol production can significantly conserve water. 1. A system for distilling ethanol in an ethanol production facility comprising:a rectifier configured to heat ethanol, said rectifier having an inlet flow supply line positioned at the bottom of said rectifier for receiving said ethanoland an ethanol vapor outlet flow line configured to output a source of ethanol vapor;an air cooled condenser, wherein the air used to cool the air-cooled condenser is at a temperature of 78° C. or less, said air cooled condenser including a plurality of individual condenser modules, each of which has cooling coils and a condenser inlet flow supply line configured to receive said ethanol vapor from said ethanol vapor outlet flow line, said cooling coils in fluid communication with the condenser inlet flow supply line;at least one air blower configured to be positioned below said cooling coils for directing air over the cooling coils to remove heat therefrom;wherein said air cooled condenser is configured to condense said ethanol vapor to liquid ethanol during a distillation step by passing said ethanol vapor through said air-cooled condenser cooling coils thereby eliminating the need to cool said ethanol vapor with a water cooled condenser to reduce the use of water in the ethanol production facility by more than 25%; anda storage medium for storing the liquid ethanol.2. A system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a dehydration system for receiving the ...

DESALINATION SYSTEM

A heating system for use in the solar powered heating of water. In one embodiment, the heating system is used in conjunction with a solar water farm to desalinate water. The water farm can be utilized on a variety of scales and can be applied to agricultural farms for large scale reclamation of deserts. 1. A method for heating water , the method comprising: the outer box with an optically transparent cover;', a plurality of flow tubes that extend through two walls of the inner box, each flow tube having an internal volume that is in fluid communication with the outer box;', 'a thermal packing material disposed in spaces between each flow tube;, 'an inner box disposed within the outer box, the inner box comprising'}], 'introducing water into an outer box of a heating system, the heating system comprisingcirculating water from the outer box, through the flow tubes;heating the inner box by permitting sunlight to pass through the optically transparent cover of the outer box such that the inner box, including the thermal packing material and the plurality of flow tubes, is heated;removing heated water from the outer box through an outlet port.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a pump that circulates water through the hollow flow tubes3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the step of circulating water is performed by an electric pump.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the thermal packing material comprises sand.5. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein the sand is black sand.6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner box has an open top that is in fluid communication with the outer box.7. A heating system comprising:an outer box with an optically transparent cover; a plurality of flow tubes that extend through two walls of the inner box, each flow tube having an internal volume that is in fluid communication with the outer box;', 'a thermal packing material disposed in spaces between each flow tube., 'an inner box ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WATER RECLAMATION

A system for processing wastewater includes a wastewater source, a biomass burner, and a first heat exchanger. The biomass burner is configured to receive biomass from a biomass source, combust the biomass to produce heat and ash, receive a thermal transfer fluid, and heat the thermal transfer fluid using the heat produced from the combustion of the biomass. The first heat exchanger is configured to heat the wastewater to produce steam. The first heat exchanger includes a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet, a second outlet, and a third outlet. The first inlet is configured to receive the wastewater from the wastewater source. The second inlet is configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the biomass burner. The first outlet is configured to discharge the steam. The second outlet is configured to discharge the thermal transfer fluid. 1. A system for processing wastewater , the system comprising:a wastewater source;a biomass burner configured to receive biomass from a biomass source, combust the biomass to produce heat and ash, to receive a thermal transfer fluid, and to heat the thermal transfer fluid using the heat produced from the combustion of the biomass; and a first inlet configured to receive the wastewater from the wastewater source;', 'a second inlet configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the biomass burner;', 'a first outlet configured to discharge the steam;', 'a second outlet configured to discharge the thermal transfer fluid; and', 'a third outlet configured to discharge blow-by water separated from the wastewater within the first heat exchanger;, 'a first heat exchanger configured to perform a processing operation that includes heating a volume of the wastewater to produce steam, the first heat exchanger comprisingwherein the thermal transfer fluid does not contact any of the wastewater, the steam, and the blow-by water; andwherein a volume of the blow-by water discharged from the third outlet throughout the processing ...

SOLAR HUMIDIFIER IN A HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION TYPE DESALINATION SYSTEM

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a solar humidifier. The solar humidifier includes a solar collector comprises perforations, wherein the solar collector exhibits an absorptance in the range of 0.70 to 0.95 when dry. The solar humidifier also includes a frame on which the solar collector is mounted, wherein the frame provides at least one opening for supplying brine to a surface of the solar collector. The solar humidifier further includes a collection box, wherein the collection box includes an interior volume and is enclosed on a side by the solar collector. 1. A solar humidifier , comprising:a solar collector including perforations, wherein said solar collector exhibits an absorptance in the range of 0.70 to 0.95 when dry; anda frame on which said solar collector is mounted, wherein said frame provides at least one opening for supplying brine to a surface of the solar collector; anda collection box, wherein said collection box includes an interior volume and is enclosed on a side by said solar collector.2. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , wherein a first air flow path is coupled to said collection box and a condenser.3. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , wherein said solar collector is fabric.4. The solar humidifier of claim 3 , wherein said fabric is microfiber.5. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , wherein said solar collector is characterized as black in color.6. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , further comprising an air mover coupled to said interior volume of said collection box.7. The solar humidifier of claim 6 , wherein said air mover is a fan.8. The solar humidifier of claim 6 , wherein said air mover is solar powered.9. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , wherein said frame includes a longitudinal opening extending a length of said frame.10. The solar humidifier of claim 1 , wherein said perforations are 0.001 meters to 0.005 meters in longest linear dimension.11. A system for solar desalination of brine claim 1 , comprising:a first brine ...

APPARATUS FOR MEMBRANE DISTILLATION USING SOLAR ABSORBER AND HEAT PUMP

The present disclosure to an apparatus for membrane distillation using a solar absorber and a heat pump, in which in the implementation of a membrane distillation process for producing treated water using a temperature difference between raw water and a coolant, raw water is heated using the solar absorber with improved heat collection efficiency, and through this, the treated water production efficiency of the membrane distillation process is improved. 1. An apparatus for membrane distillation using a solar absorber and a heat pump , comprising:a raw water circulation pipe that circulates raw water in a raw water tank;a solar heat absorbing device provided on one side of the raw water circulation pipe to heat the raw water in the raw water circulation pipe;a raw water tank that receives the raw water heated by the solar heat absorbing device through the raw water circulation pipe and supplies the raw water to a membrane distillation module;the membrane distillation module that produces treated water from the raw water through a membrane distillation process;a coolant tank that supplies a coolant to the membrane distillation module and collects the treated water produced by the membrane distillation module; andthe heat pump that heats the raw water and cools down the coolant when a temperature difference between the raw water in the raw water tank and the coolant in the coolant tank is smaller than a reference value.2. The apparatus for membrane distillation using a solar absorber and a heat pump according to claim 1 , wherein a raw water storage channel is provided in part of the raw water circulation pipe claim 1 , and the solar heat absorbing device is provided on the raw water storage channel claim 1 , andthe solar heat absorbing device includes a metal plate provided on the raw water storage channel to transfer solar heat absorbed by the solar absorber to the raw water in the raw water storage channel, and the solar absorber provided on the metal plate to ...

WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

The water desalination system using geothermal energy includes a plurality of stepped evaporation trays. Salt water flows into the uppermost tray and cascades to each successively lower tray to overflow from the lowermost tray when all trays are full. Two sloped glass panels pass solar energy therethrough to heat the water. Condensation collects on the inner panel and runs down the panel to collect in a trough at the lower edge. The desalinated water then flows to a collection tank. Additional heat energy is provided by a working fluid (e.g., air) that is pumped to subterranean levels where significant geothermal heat is produced. The heated air is then circulated around the evaporation trays to enhance evaporation. The required energy for the operation of the system may be provided by solar cells and wind energy. Mirrors and functionally graded material further increase the efficiency of the desalination system. 1. A water desalination system using geothermal energy , comprising:a sloped evaporator tray housing;an plurality of successively stepped evaporator trays disposed within the housing, the evaporator trays ranging from an uppermost tray to a lowermost tray, each successively lower tray receiving overflow from the tray immediately above;a lower glass panel disposed above the evaporator trays and housing, the glass panel having a slope substantially parallel to the slope of the housing;a closed geothermal heat exchange system extending from the housing to a subterranean depth and back to the housing; anda heat exchange fluid circulating within the heat exchange system.2. The water desalination system using geothermal energy according to claim 1 , wherein:the evaporator tray housing is formed substantially of functionally graded material; andthe heat exchange system has at least one pipe disposed within the housing and beneath the evaporator trays.3. The water desalination system using geothermal energy according to claim 1 , further comprising:a catch basin ...

Solar-Thermal Water Purification by Recycling Photovoltaic Reflection Losses

Techniques for solar thermal water purification by recycling photovoltaic reflection losses are provided. In one aspect, a solar thermal water purification system includes: a water purification component for desalinating salt water, the water purification component having multiple stages through which the salt water passes, and condensers in each of the stages; and a photovoltaic component configured to heat the salt water prior to the salt water entering a first stage of the water purification component, wherein desalinated water evaporates and condenses in each of the stages to be collected as pure water. A system using reverse osmosis and a heat-driven water pump is also provided. Methods for water purification are also provided. 1. A solar thermal water purification system , comprising:a water purification component for desalinating salt water, the water purification component having multiple stages through which the salt water passes, and condensers in each of the stages; anda photovoltaic component configured to heat the salt water prior to the salt water entering a first stage of the water purification component, wherein desalinated water evaporates and condenses in each of the stages to be collected as pure water.2. The solar thermal water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising:a conduit, connected to the water purification component, through which the salt water can be introduced to the first stage of the water purification component.3. The solar thermal water purification system of claim 2 , wherein the photovoltaic component comprises at least one photovoltaic panel which is curved to reflect solar radiation incident on the photovoltaic panel to a radial focal point that extends perpendicular to a direction of curvature of the photovoltaic panel claim 2 , and wherein the conduit is present at the radial focal point.4. The solar thermal water purification system of claim 3 , wherein the photovoltaic component comprises at least one mirror ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS CONTACTING TUNNEL DESALINATION

An exemplary water treatment unit comprises a horizontal tunnel comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a basin portion disposed below a dewvaporation portion, a center divider disposed in the basin portion so as to create a liquid flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet, a heat transfer wall disposed above the center divider so as to create an air flow path substantially parallel to the liquid flow path and extending from the inlet to the outlet, a first continuous longitudinal pump disposed in the horizontal tunnel and configured to wet the heat transfer wall with liquid disposed in the basin portion, and a heating mechanism configured to increase the temperature of air disposed between the air inlet and the air outlet. 1. A water treatment unit , comprising:a horizontal tunnel comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a basin portion disposed below a dewvaporation portion;a center divider disposed in the basin portion so as to create a liquid flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet;a heat transfer wall disposed above the center divider so as to create an air flow path substantially parallel to the liquid flow path and extending from the inlet to the outlet;a first continuous longitudinal pump disposed in the horizontal tunnel and configured to wet the heat transfer wall with liquid disposed in the basin portion; anda heating mechanism configured to increase the temperature of air disposed between the air inlet and the air outlet.2. The water treatment unit of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer wall comprises two substantially parallel planes and a plurality of horizontal chambers disposed therebetween.3. The water treatment unit of claim 2 , wherein the heat transfer wall is disposed at an angle.4. The water treatment unit of claim 3 , further comprising a second continuous longitudinal pump claim 3 ,wherein the first continuous longitudinal pump is disposed on an evaporation side of the heat transfer wall, andwherein the second continuous longitudinal ...

EVAPORATION UNIT AND SYSTEM

An evaporation unit for evaporating liquid from a solution, comprising: a plurality of evaporation elements extending radially outwardly from a common central axis, the evaporation elements being configured for rotation about the central axis; and a liquid discharge system for distributing the liquid onto the evaporation elements to promote evaporation. 1. An evaporation unit for evaporating liquid from a solution , comprising:a plurality of evaporation elements extending radially outwardly from a common central axis, the evaporation elements being configured for rotation about the central axis; anda liquid discharge system for distributing the liquid onto the evaporation elements to promote evaporation.2. An evaporation unit according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporation elements are generally planar and formed of a flexible material extending between rigid support members.3. An evaporation unit according to claim 2 , wherein the flexible material is a woven polyester material.4. An evaporation unit according to claim 1 , wherein the evaporation elements are fixed to each other to form a rotating assembly.5. An evaporation unit according to claim 4 , wherein the rotating assembly is mounted on bearings and free to rotate with air movement.6. An evaporation unit according to claim 4 , further comprising a brake to restrict rotational speed of the rotating assembly.7. An evaporation unit according to claim 4 , wherein the rotating assembly rotates about a fixed central shaft.8. An evaporation unit according to claim 7 , wherein the fixed central shaft is secured to an external frame claim 7 , the external frame having upright members positioned beside the unit and a horizontal member extending therebetween claim 7 , the fixed central shaft being coupled to the horizontal member.9. An evaporation unit according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid discharge system includes distribution arms extending outwardly from the central axis.10. An evaporation unit according to ...

Systems and methods for distillation of water from seawater, brackish water, waste waters, and effluent waters

The present invention relates to water purification using solar energy. More specifically, systems and methods according to the present invention collect solar energy to heat non-potable water in a super-insulated structure. Compressed heated air is injected to evaporate water vapor out of brackish water, saltwater, or dirty water, thereby creating saturated air. The saturated air is drawn through a cooling tower and distilled water is precipitated. The systems and methods employ heat recovery and recycling processes to maximize energy efficiency.

PORTABLE AND STATIONARY DISTILLATION UNIT FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF DISTILLED WATER AND SALT, ENHANCHED BY SOLAR COLLECTORS

The invention describes a new and simple method of construction of a stationary distillation unit and of a small portable distillation unit. The evaporation pans are made of simple materials and are covered with a transparent film. Additionally in the small portable unit its evaporation pan has a double bottom, which receives hot water. By connection of the evaporation pan with the solar collectors () its productive ability significantly increases. The portable and stationary desalination units of the invention use solar power exclusively and simultaneously produce two products: distilled water and salt. The exploitation of solar radiation occurs both in the part of the unit covered by the transparent film as well as in the use of hot water produced by the solar collector connected to it, thus speeding up the evaporation of sea water. The transparent film, besides helping increase and hold the heat inside the production space, also protects the production space from pollutants in the environment, and as a result the products do not need further processing before being sent to consumption. Besides the fact that each unit can be used as an autonomous production unit of distilled water and salt, the units can also function as sub-units of a production line of an unlimited number of sub-units, where their combined use functions as a large production unit of distilled water and salt. 1. A portable water distillation unit comprising:i. A double-bottom evaporation pan that is to be filled with sea water, comprising an open, upper pan where sea water is to be put and a closed, bottom pan that is defined by the two bottoms, wherein the bottom of the upper evaporation pan forms the top of the double bottom, in which evaporation pan the hot water circulates and the heat is transferred to the bottom of the evaporation pan and the sea water it holds; said portable double-bottom evaporation pan can be used as an autonomous unit for the production of distilled water and salt or as ...

WOOD-BASED SOLAR THERMAL DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION AND USE THEREOF

Solar thermal devices are formed from a block of wood, where the natural cell lumens of the wood form an interconnected network that transports fluid or material therein. The block of wood can be modified to increase absorption of solar radiation. Combining the solar absorption effects with the natural transport network can be used for various applications. In some embodiments, heating of the modified block of wood by insolation can be used to evaporate a fluid, for example, evaporating water for extraction, distillation, or desalination. In other embodiments, heating of the modified block of wood by insolation can be used to change transport properties of a material to allow it to be transported in the interconnected network, for example, heating crude oil to adsorb the oil within the block of wood. 120-. (canceled)21. A method comprising:(a) cutting a block of natural or lignin-reduced natural wood to have a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and an internal fluidic transport network comprised of microstructures of natural wood between the first and second surfaces;(b) forming a solar absorption layer on at least the first surface of the wood block; and(c) forming a plurality of artificial holes extending from the first surface to the second surface.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein (c) comprises forming each artificial hole to have a diameter of 100 μm to 5 mm.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein:the cutting of (a) is such that the wood block has cellulose-based lumen extending along a tree growth direction that is parallel to at least one of the first and second surfaces, orthe cutting of (a) is such that the wood block has cellulose-based lumen extending along a tree growth direction that is at a non-zero angle with respect to at least one of the first and second surfaces.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein (b) comprises carbonizing at least the first surface of the wood block to form the solar absorption layer.25. The method of ...

COMPLEXED NANOPARTICLE MATERIAL, COMPOSITION AND USE COMPRISING THE SAME FOR HEATING LIQUID

The present invention relates to complexed nanoparticle materials including metal sub-nanoparticles and chalcopyrite nano cores. The metal sub-nanoparticles are distributed on the surfaces of chalcopyrite nano cores. The complexed nanoparticle materials have improved light absorption property because the surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticle to effectively convert light into thermal energy. The complexed nanoparticle materials further include dispersants which are attached on the surface of the complexed nanoparticle materials. A solvent mixture with similar polarity can be separated by adding the complexed nanoparticle materials with dispersants, and then irradiating sunlight through a focusing component to the solvent mixture. 1. A complexed nanoparticle material , comprising:a plurality of chalcopyrite nano cores; anda plurality of metal sub-nanoparticles distributed on surfaces of the chalcopyrite nano cores.2. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 1 , further comprising dispersants attached on a surface of the complexed nanoparticle material.3. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 2 , wherein the dispersants are at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate claim 2 , aminosilanes claim 2 , mercapto silanes claim 2 , and thioglycolic acid.4. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 2 , wherein the dispersants are at least one selected from the group consisting of oleylamine claim 2 , oleic alcohol claim 2 , and oleic acid.5. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 1 , wherein the metal sub-nanoparticles are inlaid on the surfaces of the chalcopyrite nano cores.6. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 1 , wherein the metal sub-nanoparticles absorb visible light of a wavelength of from 500 nm to 600 nm.7. The complexed nanoparticle material according to claim 1 , wherein the metal sub-nanoparticles are at least one selected from the group consisting of ...

COOLING AND DESALINATION SYSTEM

A cooling and desalination system includes a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system and an ejector cooling cycle (ECC) system. The HDH system includes a heater for heating saline water, a humidifier for humidifying a carrier gas using the saline water, and a dehumidifier for dehumidifying the carrier gas to obtain desalinated water. The ECC system includes a generator for generating a primary flow of a refrigerant, an evaporator for cooling and providing a secondary flow of the refrigerant, an ejector for the primary flow and the secondary flow to pass through to obtain a super-heated stream, and a condenser. The heater and the generator are configured to connect to a heat source. The ECC system and the HDH system are connected at the condenser for heat exchange between the super-heated stream and the saline water to pre-heat the saline water.

Systems and Methods for Recovering Lithium from Brines Field

Systems and methods using solar evaporation to preconcentrate lithium containing brines to at or near lithium saturation, followed by a separation processes to separate lithium from impurities. A separated impurity stream is recycled to a point in the evaporation sequence where conditions are favorable for their precipitation and removal or disposed in a separate evaporation pond or reinjected underground, while a lower impurity stream is transferred to one or more of the removal location, to a subsequent pond in the sequence, or to a lithium plant or concentration facility. Further concentration of lithium by evaporation can then take place because impurities are removed thus eliminating lithium losses due to co-precipitation and achieving significantly higher concentrations of lithium.

Seawater desalination system

A seawater desalination system includes an evaporation tank, a heat absorption device, a first pipeline, a second pipeline, a condenser, a third pipeline, a water tank and a solar cell panel. A first closed cavity for containing seawater is provided in the evaporation tank. A first and a second through hole are provided in an inner side wall of the first closed cavity. The heat absorption device is provided in the evaporation tank, and a light inlet of the heat absorption device is opposite to the light absorption surface. A first end of the first pipeline is connected to a liquid supply device of seawater, and a second end thereof is connected to the first through hole. A first end of the second pipeline is connected to the second through hole, a second end thereof is connected to the condenser. The condenser is connected to the water tank.

Vacuum Membrane Desalination System

A desalination system employs vacuum to evaporate heated water through a separator material. The evaporated water is then passed through a heat exchanger wherein the heat is exchanged with an inflow of water to the system to heat the incoming water and greatly increase the overall system efficiency. The incoming water heated in the heat exchanger may then be passed to a heater to further heat the water before being provided to an evaporator. A vacuum is drawn across a separator material in the evaporator to produce evaporated water vapor that is purified. This water vapor is then provided to the heat exchanger, wherein the water vapor is condensed and the incoming water is heated. An ozone disinfecting system may produce ozone that is mixed with the condensed water to produce a purified and disinfected water that is suitable for consumption. 1. A desalination system comprising:a) a heater;b) an evaporator; i) an inlet for an inlet flow of water;', 'ii) an inlet for water vapor;, 'c) a heat exchanger comprisingd) an evaporator;e) a separator membrane that is liquid impermeable;f) a vacuum pump that produces a vacuum across the separator membrane;wherein the inlet flow of water is heated in the heat exchanger by the water vapor to form a first heated water and wherein the water vapor is condensed in the heat exchanger to form purified condensed water.wherein the heater receives said first heated water from the heat exchanger and heats the first heated water to produce a second heated water;wherein the evaporator receives the second heated water;wherein the separator separates the second heated water from the water vapor.2. The desalination system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet flow of water is salt water.3. The desalination system of claim 1 , further comprising a filtration system that filters contaminates from the inlet flow of water to produce filtered water that is supplied to the heat exchanger.4. The desalination system of claim 1 , wherein the heater is a solar ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT

There is provided a process and system for treating produced water. The process combines a vacuum tank process, an adsorption-desorption process, a heat-exchanger process, a membrane distillation-crystallization process. Also, the process may involve membrane separation and column distillation processes. The process allows for some level of efficiency with regard to energy consumption and operational and maintenance costs. 1. A process for treating produced water , comprising:(a) heating produced water to a temperature of about 60 to 90° C.;(b) submitting the heated produced water to a vacuum tank process to obtain water vapor and a mixture of brine and oil;(c) submitting the water vapor to adsorption and desorption processes in an adsorption-desorption unit having one or more columns;(d) submitting the water vapor from step (c) to a heat-exchange process to obtain the treated water, wherein heat is exchanged between the water vapor and the mixture of brine and oil from step (b); and(e) submitting the mixture of brine and oil obtained from step (d) to a membrane distillation process to obtain treated water and a mixture of brine and oil, the treated water being combined with the treated water obtained at step (d).2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(f) submitting the mixture of brine and oil from step (e) to a crystallization process to obtain a mixture of water and oil vapors and salt; and(g) submitting the mixture of water and oil vapors to a column distillation process to obtain water vapor and residual oil, wherein the water vapor is combined with the water vapor obtained at step (c).3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(f1) submitting the mixture of brine and oil from step (e) to a membrane separation process to obtain brine and residual oil, optionally the separation process comprises using a ceramic membrane; and(f) submitting the brine from step (f1) to a crystallization process to obtain water vapor and salt, wherein the water vapor is ...

ATMOSPHERIC WATER GENERATOR SYSTEM AND METHOD

Systems and methods are disclosed which enable an atmospheric water generator to measure a variety of water quality parameters throughout its subsystems and conduits, and implement corresponding response protocols when the measurements deviate from their normal ranges. The ranges may be reprogrammable locally at the generator or remotely from the generator. The response protocols may include self-cleaning regimes to help quickly and efficiently bring deviant measurements back into their normal ranges. Generator notification, alarm and shutdown protocols may be implemented when the measurements reach unsafe values, in order to protect the consumer and ensure their ongoing confidence in the quality of the water dispensed from the generator. Subsystems are also described which improve the operational efficiency of the generator, keep the cold dispensing line clear of bacteria, and maximize the useful life of UV bulbs within the water collection and cold storage tanks. 126-. (canceled)27. An atmospheric water generator for operating in an environment with ambient air and generating potable water therefrom , the atmospheric water generator comprising:(a) a water production element configured to transform water vapor from the ambient air to liquid water;(b) a collection tank for collection and storage of the liquid water;(c) a dispense outlet section for outputting dispensed volumes of the liquid water;(d) two or more water quality meters disposed in water-measurement communication between the collection tank and water outlet section; and (i) compare measured values from each water quality meter to corresponding programmed acceptable ranges, thereby identifying any measured value falling outside of its respective programmed acceptable range;', '(ii) determine which one or more of at least two distinct response protocols is to occur based on which measured value falls outside of its corresponding programmed acceptable range; and', '(iii) cause the atmospheric water ...

Household solar still with easy operation and maintenance and enhanced output

The invention discloses the design of an improved household solar still with enhanced output and high recovery. The output and recovery are enhanced by (i) aligning the top glass and basin so as to maximize the input solar radiation, (ii) using North-South reflectors in V trough configuration to further raise the incident radiation, (iii) employing metallic condensers on sides to maximize condensation efficiency, (iv) using suitably heated and cooled saline water by taking advantage of ambient temperature differential during a day and using such water as feed water and condenser water respectively. Use of detachable top glass assembly and teflon cork at the bottom allow for easy cleaning of the interior of the still and discharge of concentrate, respectively. The still is also demonstrated to be useful for other applications where, besides producing distilled water, the concentrate is a more value added product than the feed.

LIQUID PURIFICATION METHODS AND APPARATUS

Liquid purification methods and apparatus are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a frame to define an interior space, the frame having an inner surface in contact with air of the interior space; a barrier positioned between a body of liquid and the interior space; and an absorber suspended from the frame to transfer liquid from the body of liquid into the interior space via an opening in the barrier. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a frame to define an interior space, the frame having an inner surface in contact with air of the interior space;a bather positioned between a body of liquid and the interior space; andan absorber suspended from the frame to transfer liquid from the body of liquid into the interior space via an opening in the barrier.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the barrier comprises insulation material.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorber comprises:a wicking section to be placed in the body of liquid; andan evaporation section to be placed in the interior space.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the absorber is to transfer the liquid from the wicking section to the evaporation section via capillary action.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a controller to control movement of the absorber into the body of liquid in response to an indication that the absorber is to be cleaned.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir to store condensation formed on the inner surface of the frame.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a controller to convey a message to an extraction entity in response to an indication that a reservoir is to be emptied claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is to collect condensation from the inner surface.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a flotation structure.9. A method claim 1 , comprising:positioning a first section of an absorber within an interior space of a structure, the interior space defined by a frame of the structure and a barrier positioned above a ...

Electric Water Desalination Assembly

An electric water desalination assembly for desalinating water without burning fossil fuels includes an evaporator and a renewable electrical power generation system. The renewable electrical power generation system is electrically coupled to the evaporator for providing power to the evaporator. The evaporator is fluidly coupled to a source of salt water for boiling the salt water into desalinated steam. Additionally, the evaporator is fluidly coupled to the water desalination system for processing the desalinated steam into freshwater. Additionally, the water desalinating system is fluidly coupled to a freshwater distribution system. In this way the freshwater distribution system receives freshwater from the water desalination system. 1. An electric water desalination assembly being configured to use renewable source of electrical energy to desalinate sea water for producing drinking water , said assembly comprising:an evaporator having a fluid input, a steam input and a power input, said steam input being fluidly coupled to a household heating system, said fluid input being fluidly coupled to a source of salt water wherein said evaporator is configured to boil the salt water into desalinated steam when said evaporator is turned on, said evaporator including an electric boiler;a renewable electrical power generation system, said renewable electrical power generation system being electrically coupled to said power input of said evaporator for providing power to said evaporator; anda water desalination system being configured to desalinate sea water, said water desalination system having an inlet circuit and an outlet circuit, said steam input of said evaporator being fluidly coupled to said inlet circuit wherein said water desalination system is configured to receive the desalinated steam from said evaporator, said outlet circuit being fluidly coupled to a freshwater distribution system wherein said freshwater distribution system is configured to receive freshwater ...

Apparatus and method for establishing and growing vegetation in arid environments

A method and apparatus for cultivating vegetation at an arid location includes rooting immature vegetation in a mat combined with a super absorbent polymer (“SAP”) and, in embodiments, fertilizer, sand, and/or soil; placing the mat at the arid location; covering the mat with a perforated, transparent or semi-transparent cover; collecting urine in a water purification system; and providing purified water extracted from the urine to the mat. A water barrier can be placed below the mat. The cover can be placed on or suspended above the mat. SAP, seeds, and/or additional water barriers can be placed between mats in a stack. The opacity of the cover can be increased to emulate shade from natural vegetation. A water distribution system can be included for continued support of the vegetation, and can include a water reservoir and/or at least one solar still.

SUPERHYDROPHOBIC COATED MICRO-POROUS CARBON FOAM MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR SOLAR-THERMAL DRIVEN DESALINATION

A solar membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing comprising a light transmitting wall. A solar distillation membrane is positioned in the housing to receive solar radiation transmitted through the light transmitting wall. The solar distillation membrane includes a porous graphitic foam and a coating of a hydrophobic composition on the surface and pores of the graphitic foam. A water chamber within the housing is provided for retaining water adjacent to the solar distillation membrane. A vapor chamber is provided for collecting water vapor distilling through the solar distillation membrane. A condenser is provided for condensing distilled water vapor from the vapor chamber into liquid water. A separation membrane and a method of solar distillation are also disclosed. 1. A solar membrane distillation apparatus , comprising:a housing comprising a light transmitting wall;a solar distillation membrane positioned in the housing to receive solar radiation transmitted through the light transmitting wall, the solar distillation membrane comprising a porous graphitic foam and a coating of a hydrophobic composition on the surface and pores of the graphitic foam;a water chamber within the housing for retaining water adjacent to the solar distillation membrane;a vapor chamber for collecting water vapor distilling through the solar distillation membrane;a condenser for condensing distilled water vapor from the vapor chamber into liquid water.2. The solar membrane distillation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the membrane surface is superhydrophobic.3. The solar membrane distillation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the solar distillation membrane is tubular and has an open interior claim 1 , the open interior of the tubular distillation membrane forming the water chamber.4. The solar membrane distillation apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the condenser comprises a feed water heat exchange conduit for receiving feed water and exchanging heat with the water vapor to condense the ...

MULTILAYER BODY, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed is a multilayer body, comprising a base () and a carbon material layer () on the base (), wherein the base () is water-permeable, and the carbon material comprises one or more of the following materials: graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, a chemical function group-modified graphene and carbon nanotubes. Further disclosed are a method for preparing the multilayer body, the use of the multilayer body, and a light-absorbing device containing the multilayer body. 190-. (canceled)91. A multilayer body , comprising a base body and a black-colored layer disposed on the base body , wherein:the base body comprises a water absorbent material with capillary pores and a material with low thermal conductivity; andthe material with low thermal conductivity is wrapped by the water absorbent material with capillary pores and/or the material with low thermal conductivity is penetrated by the water absorbent material with capillary pores.92. The multilayer body of claim 91 , the black colored layer has a convex surface.93. The multilayer body of claim 92 , wherein the area of the convex surface of the black colored layer is 1.2 times of the projection area of the convex surface.94. The multilayer body of claim 92 , wherein the convex surface is an arc surface claim 92 , a conical surface or a folded surface.95. The multilayer body of claim 91 , wherein the material with low thermal conductivity has a thermal conductivity of less than 1 W/(m·K).96. The multilayer body of claim 91 , wherein the water absorbent material with capillary pores is porous cellulose or hydrophilic fibers.97. The multilayer body of claim 91 , the base body comprises a polystyrene foam penetrated by a cotton wick.98. The multilayer body of claim 91 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:the base body is liquid permeable;the base body is hydrophilic;the black colored layer is liquid permeable;the black colored layer is gas permeable;when said multilayer body is placed on the surface of ...

Systems and methods for distillation of water from seawater, brackish water, waste waters, and effluent waters

The present invention relates to water purification using solar energy. More specifically, systems and methods according to the present invention collect solar energy to heat non-potable water in a super-insulated structure. Compressed heated air is injected to evaporate water vapor out of brackish water, saltwater, or dirty water, thereby creating saturated air. The saturated air is drawn through a cooling tower and distilled water is precipitated. The systems and methods employ heat recovery and recycling processes to maximize energy efficiency. 1. A system for purifying water , comprising:a solar energy collection device, collecting solar energy and heating a heat transfer fluid in a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger receiving and heating non-potable water; a distillation tower, receiving the heated non-potable water;', 'a high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) blower, compressing intake air to form compressed air having a temperature of between about 208° F. and about 210° F., and injecting the compressed air into the distillation tower to form saturated air and a concentrated effluent in the distillation tower, wherein the compressed air enters the distillation tower via a plurality of microbubble nozzles located at a vertical midpoint of a water column comprising the heated non-potable water and the concentrated effluent;', 'a cooling tower, receiving the saturated air from the distillation tower and comprising a plurality of cooling coils, the plurality of cooling coils cooling the saturated air to form distilled water and cool, dry air;', 'a reheat tower, receiving at least a portion of the cool, dry air from the cooling tower, heating the portion of the cool, dry air to form preheated air, and providing the preheated air to the HVLP blower as at least a portion of the intake air;', 'a heat recovery means for recovering at least a portion of waste heat generated by the system; and', 'a chiller, chilling a fluid used by the cooling coils of the cooling tower, ...

HIGHLY EFFICIENT SEA WATER EVAPORATOR, AND EVAPORATION ROPE MODULE

High efficiency seawater evaporation apparatus comprises showering unit installed at the saltpan; and evaporation rope module wherein multiple evaporation ropes are collected in group by the holder and the respective evaporation modules are extended along the upper and lower direction in the state each other separated in a predetermined interval and wherein, when the seawater is supplied to the respective evaporation ropes by the showering unit, the seawater may flow down along the surface of the respective evaporation ropes and the evaporation of the seawater may be accelerated. 1. High efficiency seawater evaporation apparatus comprising:showering unit installed at the saltpan;and evaporation rope module wherein multiple evaporation ropes are collected in group by the holder and the respective evaporation modules are extended along the upper and lower direction in the state each other separated in a predetermined interval;and wherein, when the seawater is supplied to the respective evaporation ropes by the showering unit, the seawater may flow down along the surface of the respective evaporation ropes and the evaporation of the seawater may be accelerated.2. The high efficiency seawater evaporation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the respective evaporation rope modules are arranged in the saltpan in order to be located along the length and breadth direction at the state of securing a predetermined space and the respective evaporation rope modules are arranged in the saltpan as the cubic form claim 1 , and while the seawater is flowing down along the respective evaporation rope module of the evaporation rope module claim 1 , the water vaporization rate of the seawater may be accelerated.3. The high efficiency seawater evaporation apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the support frame is installed in the saltpan claim 2 , the support frame includes a plurality of the support post which are installed at the saltpan along the upper and lower direction and a plurality of the ...

WATER TREATMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A SOLAR EVAPORATOR

A water treatment assembly is provided. The assembly includes a source generating a flow to be purified; a solar evaporation unit; a transfer duct; a heating device of the transfer duct; and a mechanical ventilation device provided to ensure a forced air circulation in the solar evaporation unit. 112-. (canceled)13. A water treatment assembly , comprising:a source generating a flow to be purified, the flow to be purified comprising a majority of water, the flow to be purified also comprising at least one compound to be separated from the water;a solar evaporator for the flow to be purified, the solar evaporator configured for evaporating the water from the flow to be purified and condensing the evaporated water into a purified water flow, the solar evaporator comprising at least one basin for receiving the flow to be purified having an upward opening and a translucent roof covering the opening;a transfer duct connecting the source to the solar evaporator, the transfer duct provided to transfer the flow to be purified from the source to the solar evaporator;a heater of the transfer duct; anda mechanical ventilator provided to ensure a forced air circulation in the solar evaporator.14. The assembly as recited in wherein the ventilator is arranged to ensure a recirculation rate inside the solar evaporator making it possible to obtain a ratio between the mass of the evaporated water and the mass of circulating dry air greater than 0.012.15. The assembly as recited in wherein the heater comprises at least one mirror provided to concentrate solar radiation on the transfer duct.16. The assembly as recited in wherein the duct comprises a segment on which the solar radiation is concentrated by the mirror claim 15 , the segment having a first diameter claim 15 , the mirror having a second diameter comprised between 5 and 100 times the first diameter.17. The assembly as recited in wherein the heater is configured for heating a segment of the duct in which the flow to be ...

WATER DISTILLATION SYSTEM

A water distillation system including a reservoir unit configured to reserve a second liquid of higher concentration than the first liquid; a pipe including a first end communicated with the first liquid and a second end communicated with the second liquid in the reservoir unit; a semipermeable membrane fitted on the pipe to separate the first liquid and the second liquid, so that the first liquid is mixed into the second liquid through the semipermeable membrane and led to the reservoir unit by osmotic action; and a distillation unit configured to distill the second liquid in the reservoir unit by solar energy. 1. A water distillation system for generating distilled water from a first liquid composed of seawater or fresh water , comprising:a reservoir unit configured to reserve a second liquid of higher concentration than the first liquid;a pipe including a first end communicated with the first liquid and a second end communicated with the second liquid in the reservoir unit;a semipermeable membrane fitted on the pipe to separate the first liquid and the second liquid, so that the first liquid is mixed into the second liquid through the semipermeable membrane and led to the reservoir unit by osmotic action; anda distillation unit configured to distill the second liquid in the reservoir unit by solar energy.2. The water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein the distillation unit comprises an enclosed space forming structure configured to form an enclosed space and a water collection unit configured to collect distilled water generated by evaporation of the second liquid in the enclosed space.3. The water distillation system according to claim 2 , wherein the enclosed space is formed so as to cover an upside of the reservoir unit.4. The water distillation system according to claim 2 , wherein the enclosed space forming structure comprises a vertically sloped surface at a bottom surface thereof claim 2 , andthe water distillation system further comprises ...

Methods and devices comprising solar power for water purification

The invention disclosed herein comprises novel methods and devices for water purification. The invention comprises the use of solar powered water purification units comprising, wherein said units may be portable, and comprise a vapor condensing unit, a water collection unit, a filter, a water inlet, and a vaporization unit. The water purification units comprise components for collecting solar energy, including but not limited to solar panels. The devices may optionally include an inflatable component enabling the device to be used on water as well as on solid surfaces.

SOLAR-POWERED HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION DESALINATION SYSTEM

The solar-powered humidification-dehumidification desalination system includes a supply of saline/brackish water passing through a dehumidifier/condenser. The saline/brackish water is preheated in the dehumidifier/condenser due to the condensation process. A plurality of humidifying stages includes respective humidifiers and respective solar collectors. The solar collectors heat air, and the heated air passes through respective humidifiers to evaporate the preheated saline/brackish water, separating pure water from the brine. The humid air is reheated and recirculated through the humidifying stages and the dehumidifier, and the desalinated water from the dehumidifier via condensation is collected to and processed. The system recirculates the brine successively from each humidifier to the next for more efficient evaporation and less energy consumption. 1. A solar-powered humidification-dehumidification desalination system , comprising:a reservoir of saline water;a plurality of humidifiers disposed in successive stages from a first stage to a last stage, each of the humidifiers having a solar collector for heating air and a sprayer for spraying the saline water into the heated air, whereby pure water evaporates from the saline water to form heated humidified air;a dehumidifier stage for condensing water vapor from the heated humidified air;a system of air conduits connecting the humidifier stages and the dehumidifier stage, the system of air conduits being configured to circulate air from the first humidifier stage through the last humidifier stage to produce successive stages of the heated humidified air, and from the last humidifier stage to the dehumidifier for condensation of desalinated water from the heated humidified air, and back to the first stage humidifier to recycle the air; anda system of saline water conduits connecting the humidifier stages and the reservoir of saline water, the system of saline water conduits being configured to circulate the saline ...

SOLAR STILL COUNTERCURRENT FLOW SYSTEM AND APPARATUS

A solar distillation system includes a solar collector located adjacent to a condenser, the condenser located at an angle with respect to the condenser. The solar distillation system further includes a 2effect and an insulated portion located between the condenser and the 2effect. The solar collector, the condenser, the insulated portion, and the 2effect function to desalinate and purify saltwater or brackish water flowing through the solar distillation system. 1. A solar distillation system , comprising:a solar collector located adjacent to a condenser, said condenser located at an angle with respect to said condenser;{'sup': 'nd', 'a 2effect; and'}{'sup': nd', 'nd, 'an insulated portion located between said condenser and said 2effect, wherein said solar collector, said condenser, said insulated portion, and said 2effect function to desalinate and purify saltwater or brackish water flowing through said solar distillation system.'}2. The solar distillation system of further comprising a return duct that returns cold air from a top of said condenser to a base of an inclined thin film with said solar collector.3. The solar distillation system of wherein said 2effect comprises a shape of a pyramid.4. The solar distillation system of further comprising:{'sup': st', 'nd, 'a 1effect that absorbs energy during the day and utilizes a heat exchanger for a condensing process, wherein said energy gained from said heat exchanger is transferred to said 2effect as a heat source to produce evaporation for condensate during night hours.'}5. The solar distillation system of further comprising a return duct that returns cold air from a top of said condenser to a base of an inclined thin film with said solar collector claim 4 , wherein said return duct facilitates a natural claim 4 , buoyancy-driven convection through said 1effect to provide consistent and smooth air flow and more uniform and consistent temperature performance in said solar collector and said condenser.6. The solar ...

SOLAR STILL PYRAMID

Disclosed herein is a pyramidal structure for distilling water and for collecting rainwater. The structure has five or less faces, including the base, and has a means for centralizing condensate. 1. A pyramid water distillation device comprising ,an upward facing apex comprising edges and faces, the faces having an inside and an outside, the edges and faces configured to create an enclosure, the upward facing apex configured to enclosea downward facing vertex configured for directing condensate to a central reservoir and the central reservoir located near the center of the trough and', 'located directly beneath the downward facing vertex:, 'the trough containing the central reservoir'}, 'a trough having containment walls,'}2. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of utility reservoirs configured for collecting water that drips from the inside or the outside of the faces of the upward facing apex.3. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 2 , wherein the faces of the upward facing apex have flaps at the bottom of the faces configured for directing water into the utility reservoirs.4. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , further comprising a splash guard configured to prevent splashing.5. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the downward facing vertex is directly below the upward facing vertex.6. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the trough and the central reservoir are detachable and can be removed.7. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the edges are comprised of collapsible rods.8. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the faces of the upward facing apex are generally translucent.9. The p pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the faces of the upward facing apex are generally transparent.10. The pyramid water distillation device of claim 1 , wherein the central reservoir is configured as a ...

Passive Solar Water Distiller

A passive solar water distiller is an apparatus that utilizes sunlight to maximize the output of clean water with increased surface area for evaporation and condensation and effective means to retain and store heat. The apparatus includes a retaining basin, a plurality of evacuated tubes, a vapor-enhancing system, a plurality of transparent condensing covers, and a gutter system. The retaining basin houses contaminated water. The plurality of evacuated tubes heats the contaminated water within the retaining basin with solar energy. The vapor-enhancing system facilitates the vaporization of the contaminated water, leaving the contaminants within the retaining basin. The vapor-enhancing system also stores heat so that the apparatus is able to release heat and operate during nighttime hours or while there is a lack of direct sunlight. The plurality of transparent condensing covers increases the surface area for condensate of clean water to drip into the gutter system for collection. 1. A passive solar water distiller comprises:a retaining basin;a plurality of evacuated tubes;a vapor-enhancing system;a plurality of transparent condensing covers;a gutter system;the retaining basin comprise a basin rim and a basin lateral wall;the vapor-enhancing system comprises a supporting plate and a plurality of fluid-transferring heat pipes;the retaining basin being terminally positioned to the plurality of evacuated tubes;the retaining basin being in fluid communication with the plurality of evacuated tubes;a main gutter frame of the gutter system being connected onto the basin rim;the plurality of transparent condensing covers being positioned adjacent the main gutter frame, opposite to the retaining basin;the plurality of transparent condensing covers being serially distributed across the main gutter frame;the supporting plate being internally mounted against the basin lateral wall;each of the plurality of fluid-transferring heat pipes being hermetically connected through the ...

HOT AIR FLOW-CIRCULATION WITHIN A SOLAR DESALINATION SYSTEM

A method for circulating hot air in a solar desalination system includes providing a desalination structure having an air flow path defined between an external surface layer and an internal surface layer. A return flow conduit provides an internal fluid flow path. Saline water is pumped through a center column in a direction from the base towards the peak. The saline water is delivered through a nozzle that extends through a sidewall of the center column to provide a mist within the desalination structure exterior of the center column. An air flow within the air flow path is heated to form a hot air supply. The mist is heated with the hot air supply to form an evaporated fluid. A diverted portion of the hot air supply is delivered into the return flow conduit and mixed with an ambient air to form and heat the air flow. 1. A method for circulating hot air in a solar desalination system , the method including: an inclined outer surface with a base that is larger in diameter than a peak, the inclined outer surface having an external surface layer that is transparent, and an internal surface layer that is dark in color, with an air flow path defined between the external surface layer and the internal surface layer providing an external fluid flow path from the base towards the peak;', 'a return flow conduit, the return flow conduit providing an internal fluid flow path in a direction from the peak towards the base; and', 'a center column having an internal bore and located along an axis of the desalination structure;, 'providing a desalination structure, the desalination structure havingpumping a saline water through the center column in a direction from the base towards the peak;delivering the saline water through a nozzle that extends through a sidewall of the center column to provide a mist within the desalination structure exterior of the center column;heating an air flow from a base within the air flow path to form a hot air supply;heating the mist with the hot air ...

Control of hot air flow circulation within a solar desalination system

Methods and systems for circulating hot air in a solar desalination system include a desalination structure having an air flow path defined between an external surface layer and an internal surface layer. A return flow conduit has a fan, a check valve, and a control valve. Saline water is delivered through a nozzle to provide a mist. An air flow within the air flow path is heated to form a hot air supply. The mist is heated with the hot air supply to form an evaporated fluid. The fan is operated to divert a diverted portion of the hot air supply into the return flow conduit to be mixed with an ambient air to form and heat the air flow. The volume of the diverted portion can be controlled with the control valve. The check valve prevents ambient air from entering the return flow conduit at a base end.

SOLAR POWERED WATER DESALINATOR AND METHOD

A water desalinator that employs the use of solar concentration, evaporation and humidification, mimicking the natural hydrological cycle in a closed, modular vessel to produce freshwater from salt, brackish, brines and seawater, and a concentrate stream for further processing. Feed water is received and stored in a basin. Surface humidity is generated by the evaporation of basin water. A lens is used to focus sunlight, tracked the suns path based on biomimicry of a sunflower, on a thermal conductor. The thermal conductor has a rounded side-profile and generates a variable temperature across its radius. Water is pumped from the basin to a sprinkler head to be dripped or sprayed on the thermal conductor to generate water vapour. This water vapour consequently mixes with the air in the reaction vessel to increase system humidity. Humid air is removed from the reaction vessel and condensed in a condenser. Accordingly, the salinity concentration of input water is reduced from the output of the reaction vessel. Multiple reaction vessels or concentrators may be used in tandem to achieve improved performance. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method of solar concentration , evaporation and humidification , the method comprising:receiving salty water from an input source;storing the salty water in a reaction vessel having a basin;evaporating at least a portion of the salty water from the surface of the basin to rise to the top of the reaction vessel;pumping the salty water from the basin to a thermal conductor to be vapourized, heated using a lens, and', 'said thermal conductor has a variable temperature across radial distances from its center;', 'outputting the air from the top of the reaction vessel to a condenser; and', 'condensing the air in a condenser into a distillate form., 'wherein said thermal conductor is18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lens is a fresnal lens.19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising repositioning the lens in dependence on the relative ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SORBTION DISTILLATION

A system for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor valves, a plurality of hollow tubes, a plurality of channels adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a thermally conductive water vapor adsorbent, and wherein each vapor valve connects a bed to either the condenser or the evaporator. 1. A distillation system , comprising: a plurality of operatively connected beds; and', 'an evaporator and a condenser operatively connected to a first bed of', 'the plurality of beds and a second bed of the plurality of beds;, 'a plurality of operatively connected open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprisinga switchable heat source configured to provide heat to one of the plurality of operatively connected beds in one of the plurality of operatively connected open-cycle adsorption stages only during a first operating phase; anda switchable heat exhaust configured to remove heat from another of the plurality of operatively connected beds in one of the plurality of operatively connected open-cycle adsorption stages only during the first operating phase;wherein each bed comprises at least a first, second, and third vapor valve, at least one hollow tube, at least one channel adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a thermally conductive water vapor adsorbent, andwherein the first vapor valve connects the bed to the condenser, the second vapor valve connects the bed to the evaporator, and the third vapor valve connects a volume inside the hollow tubes of the first bed with a volume inside the hollow tubes of the second bed.2. The distillation system of claim 1 , wherein each evaporator and condenser is shared between the first bed and ...

PREPARATION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE AEROGEL BEADS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Graphene oxide aerogel beads (GOABs) are formed that have a core/shell structure where a smooth shell covers a multi-layer core. The smooth shell and the layers of the multilayer core comprise graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. The GOABs can include a phase-change material encapsulated within the multi-layer core. The GOABs can be combined or decorated with FeOnanoparticles or MoSmicroflakes for various applications. The GOABs are formed from aqueous slurries of graphene oxide that is extruded as drops into an aqueous solution of a coagulant where GOABs are formed. The GOABs are washed and freeze dried, after which, the GOABs can be reduced as desired by chemical or thermal means. Impregnation can be carried out with the phase-change material. 1. Graphene oxide aerogel beads (GOABs); comprising a core/shell structure having a smooth shell and a multi-layer core , where the smooth shell and the layers of the multilayer core comprise graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide and where the layers of the multilayer core are separated by about 1-50 μm.2. The GOABs according to claim 1 , wherein the GOABs are 0.1 to 10 mm average diameter.3. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising a phase-change material encapsulated within the multi-layer core.4. The GOABs according to claim 3 , wherein the phase-change material is a wax.5. The GOABs according to claim 4 , wherein the wax is tetradecanol.6. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising FeOnanoparticles.7. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising MoSmicroflakes.8. A method of preparing GOABs according to claim 1 , comprising:providing an aqueous slurry of graphene oxide;extruding drops into a coagulation bath containing an aqueous solution of a coagulant wherein the GOABs are formed;separating the GOABs from the coagulation bath;washing the GOABs with water;freeze drying the GOABs; and, optionally,reducing the graphene oxide of the GOABS.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the ...

Solar Desalination System

A single-phase fluid (SPF) storage is introduced for desalination of high-salt water using thermal energy from a concentrated solar power (CSP) unit. The SPF having a specific volumetric enthalpy higher than that of water at critical point in the operating ranges from 20 to 300 bar in pressure and 190 to 400 C in temperature is used as a new type of thermal energy storage (TES) medium and heat transfer fluid (HTF). It produces wet steam of a quality required by the desalination unit generating both steam for utilization of latent heat and condensate for sensible heat when its pressure is reduced to lower operating pressures. With a MED-TVC unit by using the steam as motive steam, the capacity of the CSP unit and SPF storage can be reduced as much as the energy recycled in the desalination unit. 1. A solar desalination system comprising:a. a concentrated solar power (CSP) unit for supplying thermal energy to heat a single-phase fluid (SPF) as a thermal energy storage (TES) medium and heat transfer fluid (HTF);b. a storage tank for storing said SPF to save thermal energy from said CSP unit;c. an expander for generating electricity;d. a thermal desalination unit for producing fresh water from high-salt water by a desalination operation;e. a condensate tank for storing the condensate water from said SPF; andf. a condensate pump for pressurizing said condensate water to an operating pressure of said SPF;wherein the solar desalination system generates both steam for utilization of latent heat and steam condensate for sensible heat upon depressurization from said SPF.2. The solar desalination system of claim 1 , wherein said SPF is produced in single-phase by once-through generation from said condensate water at operating pressures between 20 bar and 300 bar and at operating temperatures between 190° C. and 400° C. above the saturation liquid line in a pressure enthalpy diagram for water.3. The solar desalination system of claim 2 , wherein said SPF is defined as the fluid ...

DISTILLATION APPARATUS

A modular distillation apparatus including at least one heat exchanger that preheats contaminated liquids; a heater that heats the contaminated liquid from the heat exchanger; an evaporator condenser adapted o boil the contaminated liquid coming out of the heater to produce water vapor and contaminant concentrate, and condenser the water vapor into distilled water; a vacuum chamber capable of operating at below atmospheric pressure, the vacuum chamber housing the evaporator condenser and including at least one partition to separate the distilled water from the contaminate concentrate; a vapor compressor operably associated with the vacuum chamber to receive water vapor from the evaporator condenser in the vacuum chamber and pump the water vapor at pressure back through the evaporator condenser, wherein the heat exchanger recovers sensible heat from outgoing condensed distilled water and contaminant concentrate recycled from the vacuum chamber. 1. A distillation apparatus for producing distillate from a contaminated liquid , comprising:a vacuum chamber and associated vacuum pump for creating a vacuum therein;an evaporator-condenser positioned within said vacuum chamber, said evaporator-condenser having a plurality of plates, each of said plurality of plates having a first surface for facilitating evaporation of the contaminated liquid into a vapor, and a second surface for facilitating condensation of a compressed vapor into a distillate;at least one partition positioned within said vacuum chamber for separating the distillate from the contaminated liquid;a vapor compressor for receiving the vapor from said vacuum chamber at a first temperature and pumping the compressed vapor back into said vacuum chamber at a higher temperature;at least one heat exchanger that recovers sensible heat from at least one of the distillate and a concentrate pumped from said vacuum chamber and preheats incoming contaminated liquid using the recovered heat; anda start-up heater for ...

Dewatering Method Using a Wicking Material

A wet material having at least a liquid portion is dewatered by providing one or more wicking members of wicking material arranged to transfer moisture passively by wicking therethrough from a contacting portion in contact with the wet material to an evaporating portion where the transferred liquid portion is arranged to be evaporated. In some embodiments conductive elements are included in the wicking member to assist in distributing heat across the wicking member which enhances the evaporation of moisture transferred therethrough from the wet material. In yet further embodiments, a condenser member is provided in proximity to the evaporating portion of the wicking member so as to be arranged to condense and collect at least some of the liquid portion evaporated from the wicking member. 1. A method of dewatering a wetted material comprising at least a liquid portion , the method comprising:providing a wicking member comprising a wicking material having wicking properties so as to be arranged to transfer moisture passively by wicking therethrough from a contacting portion to an evaporating portion; the liquid portion is arranged to be transferred from the wetted material primarily by wicking upwardly through the wicking member; and', 'the transferred liquid portion is arranged to be evaporated from the evaporating portion., 'positioning the wicking member with the contacting portion in contact with the wetted material and the evaporating portion above the contacting portion such that2. The method according to including penetrating the contacting portion of the wicking member downwardly into the wetted material.3. The method according to including arranging the evaporating portion of the wicking member to protrude substantially vertically upward from the wetted material.4. The method according to including transferring the liquid portion from the wetted material solely by passive wicking upwardly through the wicking member.5. The method according to including ...

ENHANCED EVAPORATION SYSTEM

An evaporation system including a reservoir, for receiving a liquid mixture to be reduced through evaporation; and a tray, for being received in the reservoir, the tray defining a heating chamber into which the liquid from the reservoir may flow, the heating chamber configured to heat the liquid therein to increase evaporation of the liquid. 1. An evaporation system including:a reservoir, for receiving a liquid mixture to be reduced through evaporation; anda tray, for being received in the reservoir, the tray defining a heating chamber into which the liquid from the reservoir may flow, the heating chamber configured to heat the liquid therein to increase evaporation of the liquid.2. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises a saline solution.3. The evaporation system of claim 2 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises water including salts in solution and in solid state.4. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid mixture comprises a mixture of water and organic matter.5. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir comprises a dam claim 1 , a tank claim 1 , a pool or a natural system that can contain water.6. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is outdoors.7. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir has a surface area of more than 1 claim 1 ,000 m.8. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the heating chamber is configured to heat the liquid therein using solar radiation.9. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the solar radiation heats the liquid directly.10. The evaporation system of claim 1 , wherein the heating chamber comprises a solar thermal collector configured to heat the liquid.11. The evaporation system of claim 10 , wherein the solar thermal collector is submerged in the liquid claim 10 , to heat the liquid directly.12. The evaporation system of claim 10 , wherein the solar thermal collector comprises a surface of the heating chamber.13. The ...

WATER DESALINIZATION SYSTEMS

A water purifying and desalination system includes solar concentrators that receive a sunlight and direct the sunlight toward many locations. Heat collection elements positioned at the of locations absorb and convert a solar radiation into thermal energy. Some of heat collection elements include perforations to facilitate a state change in a heat-transfer fluid having a high salinity. A condenser condenses a portion of the heat-transfer fluid using a portion of the heat-transfer fluid as its coolant. 1. A purifying water system comprising:a plurality of solar concentrators that receive a sunlight and direct the sunlight toward a plurality of locations by bending a plurality of rays of the sunlight and focusing the plurality of rays of the sunlight onto a plurality of locations;a plurality of heat collection elements positioned at the plurality of locations having an outer surface conditioned to absorb and convert a solar radiation at a plurality of wavelengths below three one-millionth of a meter to a thermal energy;the heat collection elements are positioned to induce a state change in a heat-transfer fluid having a salinity of about three and one-half percent; anda condenser that condenses a portion of the heat-transfer fluid from a gaseous state to a liquid state using a portion of the heat-transfer fluid as a coolant; andwhere the plurality of heat collection elements is partially enclosed by the plurality of solar concentrators; andwhere at least one of the heat collection elements include a chamber having plurality of perforations that facilitate a transfer of a dry steam to the condenser.2. The system of where the plurality of solar concentrators comprises a plurality of parabolic troughs.3. The system of where the plurality of solar concentrators comprises a plurality of Fresnel collectors.4. The system of where the heat collection elements comprise a plurality of chambers in a sieve communication with one another.5. The system of where the plurality ...

Desalination or water purification means, extremely low cost construction and operation

A very low pressure and entirely mechanical sea water desalination means is disclosed, which may be built and operated at a fraction of the current costs for the desalination of sea water. The said means can also be used to purify polluted or otherwise impure water. Arrays of the means are scalable from a very small facility up to the largest facility which may be possibly constructed and operated. The operation of the means relies on the presence of sunlight and ambient heat, and therefore will be very inexpensive to operate in desert and tropical regions of the world; and slightly more expensive to operate in cooler regions of the world, yet still substantially less expensive than the existing systems. The entire purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of potable water made from sea water or other polluted sources to a level which is comparable to or less than the cost of such water received from traditional local fresh-water sources. 1a rigid sluiceway, an impervious riffled-top flexible belt inside the rigid sluiceway made up of many rigid metal segments, the sluiceway being very long and angled downward at a computed angle, from the top of the sluiceway where seawater or other impure water is introduced and flows by gravity downward as it is evaporated by the heat of the sun (or lightly assisted by a heated wire, flaps, or fans) to the bottom, where the flexible belt becomes concave and brine and solids are disposed of and returning to the top from underneath; anda glass triangular roof over the rigid sluiceway; and the whole sluiceway and roof encircled along its entire length by a glass tube; the open area at the top collecting heat from sunlight and collecting evaporative steam from the flowing seawater or other impure water; and around and underneath the sluiceway the evaporative product condenses and falls as water; and the trough underneath collects the purified water which flows by gravity into a storage means for distribution; anda simple ...

Method for improving critical heat flux

Methods and systems are disclosed which utilize liquid-philic surfaces and liquid-phobic surfaces to more safely and efficiently boil liquids and/or condense vapors. The methods and systems generally utilize two separated surfaces for nucleate boiling, where one of the surfaces is liquid-philic and the other is liquid-phobic. The methods and systems can utilize a condensing surface for condensing vapors, where the condensing surface can have liquid-philic regions and liquid-phobic regions.