Method and device for reducing NO¶x¶ in exhaust gases from automotive internal combustion engines

Redox catalyst for nitrogen oxides in internal combustion engines

Electrical ignition device for regeneration of a particulate trap

Abstract of the Disclosure An ignition system is disclosed for regenerating a particulate trap (40-400 cells per lineal inch) used to filter the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the particulate trap having an entrance face for receiving a gaseous flow therethrough. The system comprises: (a) flow guide means effective to direct a gaseous flow to such entrance face during filtration and during regeneration of the trap; (b) an open cell ceramic foam body (10-30) cells per lineal inch) extending across such flow guide means and having (i) a radially outer ring exit surface in contact with the radially outer portion of the entrance face, and (ii) an entrance throat remote from the particulate trap, the open cell foam body being effective to siphon off an ignitable collection of particulates from the exhaust gas during filtration; and (c) electrically energized resistance heating means stationed in a radially central portion of the open cell body adjacent to the entrance throat effective to heat the body during regeneration to a temperature effective to ignite the ignitable collection. The foam body is preferably shaped in a frustro conical configuration having a neck to for said entrance throat at one end and an opposite end having a base perimeter defining the outer periphery of the ring surface; the neck of the foam body preferably has cast-in-place therein electrical resistance heating wires; the cross-sectional area of the neck is no greater than 20% of the cross-sectional area of the trap entrance face.

Redox catalysis of NOx in internal combustion engines

The invention discloses internal combustion engines, particularly compression ignition engines such as diesel engines, having reduced nitrogen oxide emissions with concurrent reductions in particulate emissions. The invention provides a catalyst impregnated prechamber insert (30) which operates in the fuel rich environments of internal combustion engines to reduce nitrous oxides.

Uncooled oilless internal combustion engine having uniform gas squeeze film lubrication

Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus for providing a gas phase film lubricaiton between a reciprocal piston and a cylinder of an uncooled oilless internal combustion engine; the piston is effective to drive a rotary crankshaft in response to an expanding gas charge. The apparatus comprises: (a) means connecting the crankshaft to said piston for transferring reciprocal thrust into rotary thrust, such means aligning the piston concentrically within the cylinder wall to limit the imposition of side loads on said piston (i.e., less than 80 psi); (b) interfacing walls on the piston and cylinder (i) sized to provide a predetermined annular gap therebetween at ambient conditions that has a radial dimension in the range of .001 ? .0005 inches, (ii) consisting of matched materials that prevent closure of the gap due to thermal expansion under the maximum temperature differential to be experienced between the piston and cylinder wall, and (iii) are preshaped to anticipate any thermal growth of the interfacing walls for maintaining the annular gap substantially constant at elevated temperatures.

Piston arrangement

Low energy regeneration system for particulate trap for an internal combustionengine

Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine which emits hydrocarbons and particulates is disclosed. The apparatus is for use with an engine having a primary exhaust conduit, a flow divider defining parallel exhaust conduits connected to the primary exhaust conduit, and a pair of particulate traps, one each disposed in each of the parallel exhaust conduits and each of said traps having a frontal face exposed to the exhaust gas flow and one of the parallel exhaust conduits. The apparatus comprises (a) a heat exchange means disposed in the primary exhaust conduit for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases for promoting partial condensation of hydrocarbons; (b) syphon means to conduct a separate syphoned flow of exhaust gas from the primary exhaust conduit around the heat exchanger to the frontal face of each of the traps; (c) a pair of valves, each responsive to a pressure differential between the primary exhaust conduit and a different parallel exhaust conduit to separately control each flow of the exhaust gas through said syphon means; (d) flow control means for selectively promoting pressure differential between one of the parallel exhaust conduits and a primary exhaust conduit while dissipating any significant pressure difference between the primary exhaust conduit and the other parallel exhaust conduit; and (e) means to augment the heat of the syphoned exhaust gas to facilitate ignition of the collected particles at the frontal face of a trap exposed to such exhaust gas.

Carbon ignition temperature depressing agents and method of regenerating an automotive particulate trap utilizing said agent

ABSTRACT A carbon ignition temperature depressing agent is disclosed along with a method of regenerating an automotive particulate trap using the ignition temperature depressing agent. The agent is effective to promote oxidation of on-board collected carbonaceous particles extracted from the automobile exhaust. The agent comprises (a) an organometallic compound that upon heating (the combustion process of the engine) forms a readily reducible metal oxide which when finely divided promotes a carbonaceous ignition temperature in the range of as low as 450°F and up to as low as 675°F, and (b) an aerosol-promoting liquid carrier effective to form a fine mist with the organometallic compound when sprayed, the carrier having a boiling point in the range of 176-302°F (80-150°C). The organometallic compound is one or more metal octoates having the metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel and cerium. The organometallic compounds are readily soluble and stable in the fuel supply used with an internal combustion engine such as an automotive diesel engine. The mixture is used in a volume amount of 10-50 milliliters per gallon of fuel or the organometallic compound is present in an amount of at least .15-.5 gm/gal of fuel. The organometallic compound is proportioned to the carrier in a ratio of 1:2 to 1:10. The aerosol-promoting liquid carrier is selected from the group consisting of hexane, pentane and toluene and is effective to promote a droplet size for said mixture when sprayed of substantially less, on average, of one micron.

Carbon ignition temperature depressing agents and method of regenerating an automotive particulate trap utilizing said agent

ABSTRACT A carbon ignition temperature depressing agent is disclosed along with a method of regenerating an automotive particulate trap using the ignition temperature depressing agent. The agent is effective to promote oxidation of on-board collected carbonaceous particles extracted from the automobile exhaust. The agent comprises (a) an organometallic compound that upon heating the combustion process of the engine) forms a readily reducible metal oxide which when finely divided promotes a carbonaceous ignition temperature in the range of as low as 450°F and up to as low as 675°F, and (b) an aerosol-promoting liquid carrier effective to form a fine mist with the organometallic compound when sprayed, the carrier having a boiling point in the range of 176°F to 302°F (80°C to 150°C). The organo-metallic compound is one or more metal octoates having the metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel and cerium. The organometallic compounds are readily soluble and stable in the fuel supply used with an internal combustion engine such as an automotive diesel engine. The mixture is used in a volume amount of 10-50 milliliters per gallon of fuel or the organometallic compound is present in an amount of at least .15-.5 gm/gal of fuel. The organometallic compound is proportioned to the carrier in a ratio of 1:2 to 1:10. The aerosol-promoting liquid carrier is selected from the group consisting of hexane, pentane and toluene and is effective to promote a droplet size for said mixture when sprayed of substantially less, on average, of one micron.

Uncooled oilless internal combustion engine having uniform gas squeeze film lubrication

Method for eliminating bearing assembly hoot noise

A method for eliminating hoot noise in a bearing assembly ( 12 ) of an idler or tensioner pulley ( 10 ) includes applying a three component dry lubricating compound onto steel contact surfaces of the inner and outer raceways ( 14, 16 ) on which the ball bearings ( 20 ) ride, curing the compound to bond it to the contact surfaces, and pressure rolling the lubricating compound onto the surfaces. Pressure rolling fills voids ( 22 ) in the contact surfaces with particles of the lubricating compound and smoothes the surfaces thereby reducing friction. The dry lubricating compound has a very strong affinity for oil to attract and hold oil to provide an oil film which prevents metal to metal contact thereby eliminating hoot noise.

Method of making wear resistant ferrous based parts

Coating cylinder bores with ultra thin solid lubricant phase