REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT AUTOTHERMAL GAS-PHASE DEHYDROGENATIONS

A reactor ( 1 ) in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream ( 2 ) by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream ( 3 ) to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith ( 4 ), wherein the interior of the reactor ( 1 ) is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor ( 1 ) and is gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region A having one or more catalytically active zones ( 5 ), in which in each case a packing composed of monoliths ( 4 ) stacked on top of one another, next to one another and above one another and before each catalytically active zone ( 5 ) in each case a mixing zone ( 6 ) having solid internals are provided, and an outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, is proposed.

DEVICE COMPRISING A PRESSURE-BEARING DEVICE SHELL AND AN INTERIOR SCAFFOLDING SYSTEM

An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and. refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors. 1. An apparatus , comprising:at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell; andat least one modular framework system comprising two different types of framework elements and being arranged within the apparatus shell;wherein multiple transverse elements form at least one prism or one cylinder and multiple lateral elements project into the interior of the prism or cylinder;wherein the multiple transverse elements and the multiple lateral elements can be inserted into one another and/or can be connected with the aid of one or more connecting elements;wherein a material of the framework elements comprises a ceramic fiber composite material.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one modular framework system is self-supporting.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the framework elements comprises an oxidic fiber composite material.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the transverse elements take the form of corrugated claim 1 , angled claim 1 , or flat sheets or of cylindrical shells claim 1 , andthe lateral elements take the form of corrugated or flat sheets.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus has multiple layers formed from transverse elements and arranged one on top of another.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein multiple parallel transverse elements or transverse elements in the form of concentric elliptical arcs in a radial direction are used claim 1 , and in a top view these are arranged as concentric polygons claim 1 , or concentric ellipses.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , ...

Photoreactor

The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

Method and device for carrying out endothermic gas phase-solid or gas-solid reactions

The present invention relates to a process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions, wherein the endothermic reaction is conducted in a production phase in a first reactor zone, the production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections/or in the form of a fluidized bed, and the product-containing gas stream is drawn off from the production zone in the region of the highest temperature level plus/minus 200 K and the product-containing gas stream is guided through a second reactor zone, the heat recycling zone, which at least partly comprises a fixed bed, where the heat from the product-containing gas stream is stored in the fixed bed, and, in the subsequent purge step, a purge gas is guided through the production zone and the heat recycling zone in the same flow direction, and, in a heating zone disposed between the production zone and the heat recycling zone, the ...

CONVERSION OF EXPLOSIVE GAS MIXTURES

A process for controlled conversion of at least two gases which form ignitable and/or explosive mixtures with one another, in which the gases are absorbed either separately or together in a carrier liquid which is inert in relation to the gases; the carrier liquid with the absorbed gases is fed to a degasser which comprises a closed degassing vessel (2) which comprises at least one feed line for the gas-laden carrier liquid (1) and at least one gas outlet (3) at its upper end, and also one or more drains for the carrier liquid below the feed line for the carrier liquid and in each case connected to a drain pipe (4), and in such a manner that the liquid flow rate in the degassing vessel (2) is less than 0.2 m/s, the gas mixture is removed from the carrier liquid in the degasser and, after leaving the degasser and optional drying, is reacted in a reaction zone; characterized in that the drain pipes (4) are designed as a closed riser line up to a height level between the exit cross section ...

Conversion of explosive gas mixtures

A process for controlled conversion of at least two gases which form ignitable and/or explosive mixtures with one another, in which the gases are absorbed either separately or together in a carrier liquid which is inert in relation to the gases; the carrier liquid with the absorbed gases is fed to a degasser which comprises a closed degassing vessel (2) which comprises at least one feed line for the gas-laden carrier liquid (1) and at least one gas outlet (3) at its upper end, and also one or more drains for the carrier liquid below the feed line for the carrier liquid and in each case connected to a drain pipe (4), and in such a manner that the liquid flow rate in the degassing vessel (2) is less than 0.2 m/s, the gas mixture is removed from the carrier liquid in the degasser and, after leaving the degasser and optional drying, is reacted in a reaction zone; characterized in that the drain pipes (4) are designed as a closed riser line up to a height level between the exit cross section ...

INTEGRATED PROCESS OF PYROLYSIS, ELECTRODE ANODE PRODUCTION AND ALUMINUM PRODUCTION AND JOINT PLANT

An integrated process contains the following steps of: (i) pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to carbon and hydrogen, (iia) removal of at least a part of the produced carbon in step (i) and at least partly further processing of said carbon into a carbon containing electrode, and (iib) removal of the hydrogen produced in step (i) and at least partly using said hydrogen for providing energy, preferably electric energy or heat, for the electrode production in step (iia). A joint plant is also useful, which contains (a) at least one reactor for a pyrolysis process, (b) at least one reactor for the production of electrodes for an aluminum process, (c) a power plant and/or at least one gas-fired burner, and optionally, (d) at least one reactor for the electrolysis for producing aluminum.

Method for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material

A method can be used for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material. The method involves: (i) filling an upper lock-hopper with granular material and/or emptying a lower lock-hopper, (ii) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas, and (iii) filling the reaction chamber containing a descending moving bed from the upper lock-hopper and/or emptying the reaction chamber into the lower lock-hopper. The pressure equalization between the reaction chamber and lock-hopper is achieved with product gas. The method then involves: (iv) optionally, relieving the lock-hoppers and conveying the product gas flow into the product line, and (v) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas.

Reactor for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation

A reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism wherein the interior of the reactor is divided by a cylindrical or prismatic gastight housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, in which in each case a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided, and an outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, wherein the inner region A is insulated from the outer region B of the reactor by means of a microporous high-performance insulation material having a thermal conductivity 1 at temperatures up to 700° C. of less than 0.05 W/m*K is proposed.

Device comprising a pressure-bearing device shell and an interior scaffolding system

An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Solids-packed apparatus for performance of endothermic reactions with direct electrical heating

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing apparatus for conducting endothermic reactions having an upper (3), middle (1) and lower (3) apparatus section, where at least one pair of electrodes (4, 5) in a vertical arrangement is installed in the middle section (1) and all electrodes are disposed in an electrically conductive solid-state packing (26), the upper and lower apparatus sections have a specific conductivity of 105 S/m to 108 S/m, and the middle apparatus section is electrically insulated against the solid-state packing, wherein the upper and lower apparatus sections are electrically insulated from the middle apparatus section, the upper electrode is connected via the upper apparatus section and the lower electrodes via the lower apparatus section or the electrodes are each connected via one or more connecting elements (10, 16) that are in electrical contact with these sections and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the upper and lower electrode to the cross-sectional area of the respective current-conducting connecting element or, without use of a connecting element, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower electrode to the cross-sectional area of the respective current-conducting apparatus section is 0.1 to 10.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde over silver-containing knits

In a process for producing C1-C10 aldehydes by oxidative dehydrogenation of C1-C10 alcohols over a shaped catalyst body obtainable by three-dimensional shaping and/or arranging in space of silver-containing fibers and/or threads, the average diameter or the average diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross section of these silver-containing fibers and/or threads is in the range from 30 mum to 200 mum.

Process for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in an indirectly heated rotary drum reactor

A process can be used for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800° C. The heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon. The rotary drum reactor contains (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall, and (C) an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair. The at least one electrode pair is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

PROCESS FOR WORKUP OF A STREAM COMPRISING BUTENE AND/OR BUTADIENE

The invention relates to a process for workup of a stream () comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising: 19.-. (canceled)101. A process for workup of a stream () comprising butene and/or butadiene , butane , hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide , comprising the following steps:{'b': 1', '5', '9', '7, '(a) absorption of the stream () with a mixture () comprising 80to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to obtain a stream () comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and butane, with or without carbon dioxide, and a stream () comprising hydrogen and/or nitrogen and butane,'}{'b': 9', '13', '9', '17', '15, '(b) extractive distillation of the stream () with a stream () comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to separate the stream () into a stream () comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and a stream () comprising essentially butane, with or without carbon dioxide,'}{'b': 17', '23', '21, '(c) distillation of the stream () into a stream () comprising essentially N-methylpyrrolidone and water, and a stream () comprising butene and/or butadiene.'}11115. The process according to claim , wherein the stream () is condensed to remove carbon dioxide.12123. The process according to claim , wherein at least a portion of the stream () removed in step (c) is recycled into the absorption and/or into the extractive distillation.131. The process according to claim , wherein the absorption in step (a) is performed at a bottom temperature in the range from 30 to 160° C. , a top temperature in the range from 5 to 60° C. and a pressure in the range from 2 to 20 bar.141351. The process according to claim , wherein the absorption in step (a) is performed in a column () to which the stream () the stream () are added in countercurrent.15111913. The process according to claim , wherein the extractive ...

Process for production of synthesis gas

Process for the production of synthesis gas (3), in which methane and carbon dioxide (2) are introduced into a reaction space (R) and reacted in the presence of a solid (W) at elevated temperatures to give hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Methane and carbon dioxide are passed through a carbon-containing granular material (W) and reacted in a high-temperature zone (H).

Compact Total evaporator and Device For Carrying Out the Controlled Drying, Evaporation and/or Reaction of a Number of Fluids

A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

GAS-TIGHT, HEAT-PERMEABLE MULTILAYER CERAMIC COMPOSITE TUBE

Described herein is a gaslight multilayered composite tube having a heat transfer coefficient of >500 W/m2/K which in its construction over the cross section of the wall of the composite tube includes as an inner layer a nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic surrounded by an outer layer of oxidic fiber composite ceramic, where this outer layer has an open porosity of 5%<ε<50%, and which on the inner surface of the composite tube includes a plurality of depressions oriented towards the outer wall of the composite tube. Also described herein is a method of using the multilayered composite tube as a reaction tube for endothermic reactions, jet tubes, flame tubes or rotary tubes.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenations

A reactor in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith is disclosed herein. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region, having one or more catalytically active zones. In each case, a packing composed of monoliths may be stacked on top of one another, next to one another, and above one another and before each catalytically active zone. Also in each case, a mixing zone having solid internals and an outer region arranged coaxially to the inner region are provided.

Treatment of water with hypobromite solution

A process of producing ultrapure water includes passing a water stream through a plurality of treatment stages in which inorganic and organic species which are present in the water are separated from the water stream; and adding an aqueous hypobromite solution to the water stream in at least one of the stages.

Compact total evaporator and device for carrying out the controlled drying, evaporation and/or reaction of a number of fluids

A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

Method and apparatus for purifying exhaust gases

In a method for purifying exhaust gases in particular from lean-burn internal combustion engines having an exhaust-gas converter with a heat exchanger and catalysts arranged in inflow and/or outflow passages, the heat exchanger exhaust gas which flows in is heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas which flows. The incoming exhaust gas enters the inflow passages without encountering any obstacle susceptible to blockages, and flows through the inflow passages to a diversion region. Heat is fed to the exhaust gas by means of a burner. The burner is operated with fuel, air and engine exhaust gas in such a way that it supplies either an oxidizing or a reducing exhaust gas. Burner exhaust gas is admixed to the gas which emerges from the inflow passages and, together with this gas, enters the outflow passages, where nitrogen oxides are removed from it by a deNOxing catalyst present in the outflow passages.

Continuous process for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenations

The invention relates to a process for the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as a monolith to give a reaction gas mixture and regeneration of the catalyst in a reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism, wherein the reactor is operated alternately in the production mode of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation and in the regeneration mode.

ELECTRICALLY HEATED, HYBRID HIGH-TEMPERATURE METHOD

A method of continuously performing one or more heat-consuming processes, where at least one heat-consuming process is electrically heated. The maximum temperature in the reaction zone of the heat-consuming process is higher than 500° C., at least 70% of products of the heat-consuming process are continuously processed further downstream and/or fed to a local energy carrier network, and the electrical energy required for the heat-consuming process is drawn from an external power grid and from at least one local power source. The local power source is fed by at least one local energy carrier network and by products from the heat-consuming process. The local energy carrier network stores natural gas, naphtha, hydrogen, synthesis gas, and/or steam as energy carrier, and has a total capacity of at least 5 GWh. The local energy carrier network is fed with at least one further product and/or by-product from at least one further chemical process. 114-. (canceled).15. A method of continuously performing at least one heat-consuming chemical process of a chemical site obtaining hydrogen , the method comprising:drawing electrical energy required for at least one heat-consuming process from an external power grid and from at least one local power source,feeding the at least one local power source from at least one local energy carrier network, to an extent of at least 50% of annual energy demand of the at least one local power source,feeding said at least one local power source with hydrogen that comes directly from the at least one heat-consuming process, to an extent of not more than 50% of annual energy demand of the at least one local power source,storing hydrogen from the at least one heat-consuming process as an energy carrier in the at least one local energy carrier network, andfeeding a local hydrogen network with hydrogen from at least one further chemical process;wherein the at least one heat-consuming process is electrically heated, the maximum temperature in a ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING EXHAUST GASES

In a method for purifying exhaust gases in particular from lean-burn internal combustion engines having an exhaust-gas converter with a heat exchanger and catalysts arranged in inflow and/or outflow passages, the heat exchanger exhaust gas which flows in is heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas which flows. The incoming exhaust gas enters the inflow passages without encountering any obstacle susceptible to blockages, and flows through the inflow passages to a diversion region. Heat is fed to the exhaust gas by means of a burner. The burner is operated with fuel, air and engine exhaust gas in such a way that it supplies either an oxidizing or a reducing exhaust gas. Burner exhaust gas is admixed to the gas which emerges from the inflow passages and, together with this gas, enters the outflow passages, where nitrogen oxides are removed from it by a deNOxing catalyst present in the outflow passages.

OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF METHANOL TO FORMALDEHYDE OVER SILVER-CONTAINING KNITS

In a process for producing C 1 -C 10 aldehydes by oxidative dehydrogenation of C 1 -C 10 alcohols over a shaped catalyst body obtainable by three-dimensional shaping and/or arranging in space of silver-containing fibers and/or threads, the average diameter or the average diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross section of these silver-containing fibers and/or threads is in the range from 30 μm to 200 μm.

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT AN AUTOTHERMAL GAS-PHASE DEHYDROGENATION

A reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism wherein 111-. (canceled)12. A reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith , wherethe interior of the reactor is divided by a cylindrical or prismatic gastight housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor intoan inner region A having one or more catalytically active zones, in which a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided, andan outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, anda heat exchanger is provided at one end of the reactor connected to the housing G,with one or more feed lines for the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated,with one or more feed lines which can be regulated independently of one another, where each feed line supplies one or more distribution chambers, for the oxygen-comprising gas stream into each of the mixing zones andwith a discharge line for the reaction gas mixture of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation, wherethe outer region B is supplied with a gas which is inert under the reaction conditions of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation andthe hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated is introduced via a feed line into the heat exchanger, is heated in the heat exchanger by means of the reaction gas mixture in countercurrent by indirect heat exchange and conveyed further to the end of the reactor opposite the heat exchanger, redirected there, introduced via a flow equalizer into the inner region A and mixed with the oxygen-comprising gas stream in the mixing zones, whereupon the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation takes place in the ...

Parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product

The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400° C. and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas).

Process for workup of a stream comprising butene and/or butadiene

The invention relates to a process for workup of a stream (1) comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising: (a) absorption of stream (1) with a mixture (5) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to obtain a stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, and a stream (7) comprising hydrogen and/or nitrogen and butane, (b) extractive distillation of stream (9) with a stream (13) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to separate the stream (9) into a stream (17) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and a stream (15) comprising essentially butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, (c) distillation of stream (17) into a stream (23) comprising essentially N-methylpyrrolidone and water, and a stream (21) comprising butene and/or butadiene.

COMPACT TOTAL EVAPORATOR AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE CONTROLLED MIXING, EVAPORATING AND/OR REACTION OF A NUMBER OF FLUIDS

A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes. 110-. (canceled)11. A device for mixing and for evaporating , and/or for the reaction of , a plurality of fluids , wherein a mixing , evaporating and/or reacting region is formed by the annular gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections , which are heated electrically and/or by means of a heat transfer medium , and the plurality of fluids are supplied distributed across the circumference , and/or length , together or successively , such that the plurality of fluids mix with one another , the supply or removal of heat and the mixing location being selected such that the plurality of fluids either do not evaporate , or evaporate before , during or after being mixed.12. The device according to claim 11 , wherein the plurality of fluids are distributed successively among different flow channels intersecting downstream claim 11 , which are integrated into one or both of the opposing walls of the nested tubes claim 11 , such that the plurality of fluids are only mixed at the intersecting points of these channels.13. The device according to claim 11 , wherein at least regions of the flow channels in the annular chamber between the inner and outer tubes are provided with a catalyst for a reaction to be performed.14. The device according to claim 11 , wherein at least regions of the annular gap between the inner and outer tubes is provided with ...

Process for producing synthesis gas and electrical energy

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas, in which carbon and hydrogen are obtained from hydrocarbon by thermal decomposition. At least a portion of the carbon obtained by the thermal decomposition is reacted, and at least a portion of the hydrogen obtained is reacted with carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift reaction to give carbon monoxide and water. Carbon obtained by the thermal hydrocarbon decomposition is used as fuel in a power plant operation wherein the carbon is combusted to produce electrical power, and carbon dioxide formed in the combustion of the carbon is used in the reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Gas-tight, heat-permeable multilayer ceramic composite tube

The present invention relates to a gastight multilayer composite tube having a heat transfer coefficient of >500 W/m2/K and comprising at least two layers, namely a layer of nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic and a layer of oxidic fiber composite ceramic, a connecting piece comprising at least one metallic gas-conducting conduit which in the longitudinal direction of the composite tube overlaps in a region at least two ceramic layers, where the one ceramic layer comprises a nonporous monolithic ceramic and the other ceramic layer comprises a fiber composite ceramic, and also the use of the multilayer composite tube as reaction tube for endothermic reactions, radiation tubes, flame tubes or rotary tubes.

Reactor for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation

A reactor includes an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream using an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is gastight in the circumferential direction, into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, each having a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided and into an outer region, which is supplied with an inert gas, arranged coaxially to the inner region. A heat exchanger is connected to the housing at one end of the reactor.

PHOTOREACTOR

The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M 1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M 2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M 2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M 2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

Process for producing synthesis gas

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas (5) in which hydrocarbon (2) is decomposed thermally in a first reaction zone (11) to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen formed is passed from the first reaction zone (Z1) into a second action zone (Z2) in order to be reacted therein with carbon dioxide (4) to give water and carbon monoxide. The characteristic feature here is that energy required for the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon is supplied to the first reaction zone (Z1) from the second reaction zone (Z2).

REACTOR FOR CARRYING OUT AN AUTOTHERMAL GAS-PHASE DEHYDROGENATION

A reactor includes an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream using an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is gastight in the circumferential direction, into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, each having a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided and into an outer region, which is supplied with an inert gas, arranged coaxially to the inner region. A heat exchanger is connected to the housing at one end of the reactor. 2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the gas which is inert under the reaction conditions of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation is steam.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the gas which is inert under the reaction conditions of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation is passed as a purge gas stream at a mass flow of from ⅕ to 1/100 claim 1 , based on the mass flow of the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream under a slight gauge pressure of from 2 to 50 mbar claim 1 , based on the pressure in the inner region A claim 1 , through the outer region B claim 1 , preferably by introducing the purge gas stream via one or more feed lines into the outer region B of the reactor at one end of the reactor and conveying it further into the inner region A of the reactor at the opposite end of the reactor claim 1 , in particular via one or more connecting line(s) which are advantageously arranged at an angle other than 90° to the feed line for the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated.4. The reactor according to ...

Method for the parallel production of hydrogen and carbon-containing products

The invention relates to a process for parallel preparation of hydrogen and one or more carbonaceous products, in which hydrocarbons are introduced into a reaction space (R) and decomposed thermally to carbon and hydrogen in the presence of carbon-rich pellets (W). It is a feature of the invention that at least a portion of the thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition is introduced into the reaction space (R) by means of a gaseous heat carrier.

Parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product

The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400° C. and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas).

TREATMENT OF WATER WITH HYPOBROMITE SOLUTION

A process of producing ultrapure water includes passing a water stream through a plurality of treatment stages in which inorganic and organic species which are present in the water are separated from the water stream; and adding an aqueous hypobromite solution to the water stream in at least one of the stages.

Method for performing endothermic processes

The invention relates to a method of carrying out heat-consuming processes, wherein the total energy required averaged over a year for the heat-consuming process originates from at least two different energy sources, where one of the energy sources is an electric energy source whose power varies in the range from 0 to 100% of the total power required, and three different energy modes can individually provide the total power required for the heat-consuming process: (i) exclusively electric energy, (ii) a mixture of electric energy and at least one further nonelectric energy source or (iii) exclusively nonelectric energy, where the changeover time in which the change from one energy mode to another energy mode is completed is not more than 30 minutes.

Integrated, continuous method for the production of molecular single-component percursors having a nitrogen bridging function

The invention relates to a method for the regeneration of a reactor and the use of said method for the improved performance of production processes for desired products.

Method for producing synthesis gas

A method for producing synthesis gas may involve introducing a hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas and a carbon dioxide-containing converter gas into a first reaction zone where hydrogen present in the hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas reacts at least partly with carbon dioxide to form water, which reacts thermally with hydrocarbon to form synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The method may further involve introducing an oxygen-containing gas in a second reaction zone, and using the oxygen-containing gas and some hydrogen from the first reaction zone to produce thermal energy. Still further, the method may involve supplying the thermal energy produced in the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone.

METHOD FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER PURIFICATION

The present invention relates to a process for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream by bringing the stream to be purified into contact with a heterogeneous photocatalyst with irradiation with light, where the bringing into contact takes place in the presence of at least one compound dissolved in the stream and comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof, and to the use of a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream, where, in the stream to be purified, at least one compound comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof is present in dissolved form.

CONTINUOUS SILAZANE CLEAVAGE METHOD

The invention relates to a continuous silazane cleavage method, especially for use in the production of molecular precursors for non-oxidic inorganic ceramics.

METHOD FOR THE PARALLEL PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON-CONTAINING PRODUCTS

The invention relates to a process for parallel preparation of hydrogen and one or more carbonaceous products, in which hydrocarbons are introduced into a reaction space (R) and decomposed thermally to carbon and hydrogen in the presence of carbon-rich pellets (W). It is a feature of the invention that at least a portion of the thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition is introduced into the reaction space (R) by means of a gaseous heat carrier. 1. A process for parallel preparation of hydrogen and a carbonaceous product , comprising introducing hydrocarbons into a reaction space and thermally decomposing the hydrocarbons to carbon and hydrogen in the presence of carbon-rich pellets ,wherein at least a portion of thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition is provided by a gaseous heat carrierthe thermal energy is produced outside the reaction space and the gaseous heat carriers thus heated then introduced into the reaction space,the gaseous heat carrier for the hydrocarbon decomposition reaction is inert the gaseous heat carrier constitutes a product in the hydrocarbon reaction, or both, andthe gaseous heat carrier releases heat to the reactant in the reaction space.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous heat carrier inert to the hydrocarbon reaction claim 1 , the heat carrier which constitutes a product of the hydrocarbon reaction claim 1 , or both claim 1 , are heated by hot gas which is produced by oxidation or partial oxidation of hydrocarbons claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , or both claim 1 , for which at least one selected from the group consisting of air claim 1 , oxygen-enriched air claim 1 , and oxygen of technical grade purity is an oxidizing agent.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , or both is the gaseous heat carrier.45-. (canceled)6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition and heat ...

CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT AUTOTHERMAL GAS-PHASE DEHYDROGENATIONS

The invention relates to a process for the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as a monolith to give a reaction gas mixture and regeneration of the catalyst in a reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism, wherein the reactor is operated alternately in the production mode of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation and in the regeneration mode. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as a monolith to give a reaction gas mixture and regenerating the catalyst in a reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism , whereinthe interior space of the reactor is divided by means of a cylindrical or prismatic gastight housing G arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor intoan inner region A which has one or more catalytically active zones arranged after one another and in which a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and after one another is provided in each catalytically active zone and a mixing zone having fixed internals is provided before each catalytically active zone andan outer region B arranged coaxially with the inner region A, anda heat exchanger is provided at one end of the reactor next to the housing G,with one or more feed lines for the hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be dehydrogenated,with one or more feed lines for the oxygen-comprising gas stream in each of the mixing zones, where each feed line supplies one or more distributor chambers, andwith a discharge line for the reaction gas mixture of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation, wherethe outer region B is supplied with a gas which is inert under the reaction conditions of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation andthe hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream to be ...

SOLIDS-PACKED APPARATUS FOR PERFORMANCE OF ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS WITH DIRECT ELECTRICAL HEATING

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing apparatus for conducting endothermic reactions having an upper (), middle () and lower () apparatus section, where at least one pair of electrodes () in a vertical arrangement is installed in the middle section () and all electrodes are disposed in an electrically conductive solid-state packing (), the upper and lower apparatus sections have a specific conductivity of 105 S/m to 108 S/m, and the middle apparatus section is electrically insulated against the solid-state packing, wherein the upper and lower apparatus sections are electrically insulated from the middle apparatus section, the upper electrode is connected via the upper apparatus section and the lower electrodes via the lower apparatus section or the electrodes are each connected via one or more connecting elements () that are in electrical contact with these sections and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the upper and lower electrode to the cross-sectional area of the respective current-conducting connecting element or, without use of a connecting element, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower electrode to the cross-sectional area of the respective current-conducting apparatus section is 0.1 to 10. 1. An electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing apparatus having an upper apparatus section , a middle apparatus section and a lower apparatus section , where at least one pair of electrodes in a vertical arrangement is installed in the middle apparatus section and all electrodes are disposed in an electrically conductive solid-state packing , the upper and lower apparatus sections each have a specific conductivity of 10S/m to 10S/m , and the middle apparatus section is electrically insulated against the electrically conductive solid-state packing ,wherein the upper and lower apparatus sections are electrically insulated from the middle apparatus section,an upper electrode is connected via the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas, in which carbon and hydrogen are obtained from hydrocarbon by thermal decomposition. At least a portion of the carbon obtained by the thermal decomposition is reacted, and at least a portion of the hydrogen obtained is reacted with carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift reaction to give carbon monoxide and water. Carbon obtained by the thermal hydrocarbon decomposition is used as fuel in a power plant operation wherein the carbon is combusted to produce electrical power, and carbon dioxide formed in the combustion of the carbon is used in the reverse water-gas shift reaction. 15. A process for producing synthesis gas () , said process comprising:{'b': '2', 'obtaining carbon and hydrogen from a hydrocarbon material () by thermal decomposition,'}{'b': 8', '4, 'oxidizing at least a portion of the carbon () obtained by said thermal decomposition and reacting at least a portion of the hydrogen obtained with carbon dioxide () by a reverse water-gas shift reaction to give carbon monoxide and water,'}{'b': 8', '8', '17', '4', '8, 'wherein, in said oxidizing at least a portion of the carbon () obtained by said thermal decomposition, said at least a portion of the carbon () is used as fuel in a power plant operation (D) in order to produce electrical power (), and carbon dioxide () formed in said oxidizing at least a portion of the carbon () is used in the reverse water-gas shift reaction.'}217. The process according to claim 1 , wherein thermal energy required for synthesis gas production is generated by oxidation of hydrogen and/or by means of electrical power ().3513. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising converting said synthesis gas () to methanol and/or dimethyl ether and/or hydrocarbons ().412. The process according to claim 3 , wherein waste heat () generated in the conversion of said synthesis gas is used in processing (B) of carbon dioxide for said reverse water-gas shift reaction ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT ENDOTHERMIC GAS PHASE-SOLID OR GAS-SOLID REACTIONS

The present invention relates to a process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions, wherein the endothermic reaction is conducted in a production phase in a first reactor zone, the production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections/or in the form of a fluidized bed, and the product-containing gas stream is drawn off from the production zone in the region of the highest temperature level plus/minus 200 K and the product-containing gas stream is guided through a second reactor zone, the heat recycling zone, which at least partly comprises a fixed bed, where the heat from the product-containing gas stream is stored in the fixed bed, and, in the subsequent purge step, a purge gas is guided through the production zone and the heat recycling zone in the same flow direction, and, in a heating zone disposed between the production zone and the heat recycling zone, the heat required for the endothermic reaction is introduced into the product-containing gas stream and into the purge stream or into the purge stream, and then, in a regeneration phase, a gas is passed through the two reactor zones in the reverse flow direction and the production zone is heated up; the present invention further relates to a structured reactor comprising three zones, a production zone containing solid particles, a heating zone and a heat recycling zone containing a fixed bed, wherein the solid particles and the fixed bed consist of different materials. 1: A process for conducting endothermic gas phase or gas-solid reactions , the process comprising:conducting an endothermic reaction in a production step in a first reactor zone, a production zone, which is at least partly filled with solid particles, where the solid particles are in the form of a fixed bed, of a moving bed and in sections or in the form of a fluidized bed, anddrawing off a product-containing gas stream ...

PROCESS FOR UTILIZING BLAST FURNACE GASES, ASSOCIATED GASES AND/OR BIOGASES

The invention relates to a process for utilizing a hydrocarbon-comprising and/or carbon dioxide-comprising coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas, wherein hydrocarbon-comprising and/or carbon dioxide-comprising coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas is introduced into a reaction space and the multicomponent mixture comprised in the coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas is converted in a high-temperature zone at temperatures of more than 1000° C. and in the presence of a carrier into a product gas mixture which comprises more than 95% by volume of CO, CO, H, HO, CHand Nand optionally into a carbon-comprising solid which is deposited to an extent of at least 75% by weight, based on the total mass of the carbon-comprising solid, on the carrier where the flow velocity of the gas mixture of coproduct gas, accompanying gas and/or biogas in the reaction zone is less than 20 m/s. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for utilizing a gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4', '2, 'contacting the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide with a carrier in a reaction space having high temperature zone at a temperature ranging from 1,100 to 1,400° C. to produce a synthesis gas that contains more than 95% of a mixture of CO, CO, H, HO, CHand N, and'}cooling the synthesis gas at >200 K/s;wherein the carrier is conveyed through the reaction space on a moving bed and the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide is conveyed in countercurrent to the carrier at a flow velocity of less than 20 m/s;wherein the synthesis gas is conveyed in countercurrent to the moving bed and is cooled by contact with the moving bed, andwherein the gaseous starting material containing hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide is a coproduct gas, an accompanying gas, and/or a biogas.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the flow velocity of the gaseous starting material ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING AN ELECTRIDE COMPOUND

A process for preparing an electride compound, comprising (i) providing a precursor compound comprising an oxidic compound of the garnet group; (ii) heating the precursor provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature of the precursor above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor, obtaining the electride compound. 115.-. (canceled)16. A process for preparing an electride compound , comprising(i) providing a precursor compound of the electride compound, wherein the precursor compound comprises an oxidic compound of the garnet group;(ii) heating the precursor compound provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature of the precursor compound above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor compound, obtaining the electride compound.17. The process of claim 16 , wherein according to (ii) claim 16 , heating the precursor compound under plasma forming conditions comprises heating the precursor compound in an electric arc.18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the oxidic compound of the garnet group according to (i) comprises aluminum and/or calcium.19. The process of claim 16 , wherein at least 90 weight-% of the precursor compound consist of an oxidic compound of the garnet group.20. The process of claim 16 , wherein providing the precursor compound according to (i) comprises(i.1) preparing a mixture comprising a source of calcium, a source of aluminum, and water;(i.2) optionally subjecting the mixture prepared in (i.1) to a hydrothermal treatment;(i.3) calcining the mixture prepared in (i.1), optionally the mixture obtained from (i.2), obtaining the precursor compound.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the source of calcium is one or more of a calcium oxide claim 20 , a calcium hydroxide claim 20 , a hydrated calcium oxide claim 20 , and a calcium carbonate claim 20 , and the source of aluminum is one or more of an aluminum hydroxide including one or more of gibbsite claim 20 , hydrargillite claim ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for the production of synthesis gas (), in which methane and carbon dioxide () are introduced into a reaction space (R) and reacted in the presence of a solid (W) at elevated temperatures to give hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Methane and carbon dioxide are passed through a carbon-containing granular material (W) and reacted in a high-temperature zone (H). 1. The process for producing synthesis gas , comprising introducing methane and carbon dioxide into a reaction chamber and reacting methane and carbon dioxide in said reaction chamber in a carbon-containing solid bed to give hydrogen and carbon monoxide , wherein said carbon-containing solid bed is guided through said reaction chamber as a moving bed , and the synthesis gas formed in said reaction chamber is led in countercurrent to the moving bed and is cooled by direct heat exchange with the carbon-containing solid.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that methane and carbon dioxide are reacted at temperatures between 800 to 1600° C. and more preferably between 900 and 1400° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing solids of said carbon-containing solid bed are carbon-containing granules comprising at least 80% by weight carbon and having a grain size of 0.1 to 100 mm.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen/carbon ratio of the gaseous reactants is set specifically such that carbon is formed in the reaction chamber or removed from the carbon-containing solid.7. The process according claim 1 , wherein at least some of the thermal energy required for synthesis gas production is generated in the reaction chamber and/or introduced into the reaction chamber via a hot gas.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing solid as a moving bed is guided continuously through the reaction chamber.9. (canceled)10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas formed in the reaction chamber is ...

GAS-TIGHT, HEAT-PERMEABLE MULTILAYER CERAMIC COMPOSITE TUBE

The present invention relates to a gastight multilayer composite tube having a heat transfer coefficient of >500 W/m/K and comprising at least two layers, namely a layer of nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic and a layer of oxidic fiber composite ceramic, a connecting piece comprising at least one metallic gas-conducting conduit which in the longitudinal direction of the composite tube overlaps in a region at least two ceramic layers, where the one ceramic layer comprises a nonporous monolithic ceramic and the other ceramic layer comprises a fiber composite ceramic, and also the use of the multilayer composite tube as reaction tube for endothermic reactions, radiation tubes, flame tubes or rotary tubes. 1: A multilayer composite tube having a heat transfer coefficient of >500 W/m/K and comprising at least two layers , the at least two layers comprising a layer of nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic and a layer of oxidic fiber composite ceramic.2: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein a total wall thickness made up of the at least two layers is from 0.5 mm to 50 mm.3: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein an internal tube diameter of the composite tube is from 20 mm to 1000 mm.4: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein the composite tube has an open porosity of ε<5%.5: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the layer of fiber composite ceramic is less than 25% of a total wall thickness.6: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein a modulus of elasticity of the nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic is greater than a modulus of elasticity of the oxidic fiber composite ceramic.7: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein a thermal conductivity of the nonporous monolithic oxide ceramic is greater than a thermal conductivity of the oxidic fiber composite ceramic.8: The multilayer composite tube according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidic ...

COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING AN ELECTRIDE COMPOUND

A process for preparing a composite material comprising an electride compound and an additive, said process comprising (i) providing a composition comprising the additive and a precursor compound of the electride compound, wherein the precursor compound comprises an oxidic compound of the garnet group, and wherein the additive has a boiling temperature which is higher than the melting temperature of the precursor compound; (ii) heating the composition provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive, obtaining the composite material. 120-. (canceled)21. A process for preparing a composite material comprising an electride compound and an additive , said process comprising(i) providing a composition comprising the additive and a precursor compound of the electride compound, wherein the precursor compound comprises an oxidic compound of the garnet group, and wherein the additive has a boiling temperature which is higher than the melting point of the precursor compound;(ii) heating the composition provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature above the Hüttig temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive, obtaining the composite material.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , heating the composition under plasma forming conditions comprises heating the composition in an electric arc claim 21 , wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , the composition provided in (i) is heated to a temperature above the Tamman temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive claim 21 , preferably Wherein according to (ii) claim 21 , the composition provided in (i) is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the precursor compound and below the boiling temperature of the additive.23. The ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas () in which hydrocarbon () is decomposed thermally in, a first reaction zone () to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen formed is passed from the first reaction zone (Z) into a second action zone (Z) in order to be reacted therein with carbon dioxide () to give water and carbon monoxide. The characteristic feature here is that energy required for the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon is supplied to the first reaction zone (Z) from the second reaction zone (Z). 1. A process for producing synthesis gas , said process comprising:thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon in a first reaction zone to hydrogen and carbon, andpassing the hydrogen formed from the first reaction zone into a second reaction zone in order to be reacted therein with carbon dioxide by a reverse water-gas shift to give water and carbon monoxide,wherein energy required for the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon is supplied to the first reaction zone from the second reaction zone.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein thermal energy is generated in the second reaction zone by oxidation of hydrogen and/or by electrical power.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrocarbon which is undecomposed or incompletely decomposed in the first reaction zone is passed into the second reaction zone and reacted therein with water to give hydrogen and carbon dioxide.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first and the second reaction zones are connected by means of a moving bed which consists of solid granular material and moves from the second reaction zone to the first.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein solid granular material is circulated.6. The process according to claim 4 , wherein gas leaving the second reaction zone is conducted in countercurrent to the moving bed and is cooled in direct heat exchange therewith.7. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the hydrocarbon is conducted into the first ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS

A method for producing synthesis gas may involve introducing a hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas and a carbon dioxide-containing converter gas into a first reaction zone where hydrogen present in the hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas reacts at least partly with carbon dioxide to form water, which reacts thermally with hydrocarbon to form synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The method may further involve introducing an oxygen-containing gas in a second reaction zone, and using the oxygen-containing gas and some hydrogen from the first reaction zone to produce thermal energy. Still further, the method may involve supplying the thermal energy produced in the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone. 110-. (canceled)11. A method for producing synthesis gas , the method comprising:introducing a hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas and a carbon dioxide-containing converter gas into a first reaction zone where hydrogen in the hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas reacts at least partly with carbon dioxide to form water, which reacts thermally with hydrocarbon to form synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen;introducing an oxygen-containing gas in a second reaction zone;producing thermal energy from the oxygen-containing gas and some of the hydrogen from the first reaction zone; andsupplying the thermal energy produced in the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone.12. The method of comprising executing a fixed bed comprising a granular solid as a moving bed that is moved from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone.13. The method of comprising recycling the granular solid.14. The method of comprising:running a gas emerging from the second reaction zone counter-current to the moving bed and thus cooling the gas emerging from the second reaction zone with the moving bed in direct heat exchange; andrunning the hydrocarbon-containing coke oven gas and the carbon dioxide-containing converter gas counter-current to ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

The present invention relates to a method for carrying out endothermic reactions comprising the method steps of: 1. A method for carrying out an endothermic reaction , comprising:a) externally heating at least two reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes are arranged vertically in a heating chamber, and each of the reaction tubes is at least partially packed with a fluidizable material,b) introducing at least one gaseous reactant into the reaction tubes,c) forming a fluidized bed in the reaction tubes, each fluidized bed having an L/D ratio between the length L of the fluidized bed and the diameter D thereof from 3 to 30,{'b': 1', '1, 'd) carrying out an endothermic reaction in the reaction tubes at a first temperature (T) and a first pressure (P), wherein the reaction volume is distributed over at least two of the reaction tubes, to obtain a reaction product, and'}e) discharging the reaction product from the reaction tubes,wherein the reaction tubes can be combined to form groups which independently of one another are alternately operated in a production mode and/or in a regeneration mode or are idle.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the endothermic reaction is heterogeneously catalyzed and the fluidizable material is a fluidizable catalyst useful for the endothermic reaction.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:{'b': 2', '2, 'f) regenerating the catalyst at a second temperature (T) and a second pressure (P) using a suitable regeneration gas (R).'}4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein f) is carried out wholly or partially in parallel with b) claim 3 , c) claim 3 , d) and e).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the number of reaction tubes in production mode is variable and one or more reaction tubes are brought on- or offline according to demand for the endothermic reaction.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous reactant and the regeneration gas are introduced into the respective reaction tubes at at ...

Method for performing endothermic processes

The invention relates to a method of carrying out heat-consuming processes, wherein the total energy required averaged over a year for the heat-consuming process originates from at least two different energy sources, where one of the energy sources is an electric energy source whose power varies in the range from 0 to 100% of the total power required, and three different energy modes can individually provide the total power required for the heat-consuming process: (i) exclusively electric energy, (ii) a mixture of electric energy and at least one further nonelectric energy source or (iii) exclusively nonelectric energy, where the changeover time in which the change from one energy mode to another energy mode is completed is not more than 30 minutes.

PARALLEL PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN, CARBON MONOXIDE AND A CARBON-COMPRISING PRODUCT

The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400° C. and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas). 1: A process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen , carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product , wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the hydrogen-comprising gas mixture formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400° C. and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.2: The process according to claim 1 , wherein from 10 to 40% of the hydrogen-comprising gas mixture claim 1 , based on the total hydrogen-comprising gas mixture formed in the reaction claim 1 , is taken off from the reaction zone of the thermal decomposition.3: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process heat required for the reaction of hydrogen and/or methane with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is introduced to an extent of at least 80% by the hydrogen-comprising gas mixture fed in.4: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-comprising gas mixture comprises more than 80% by volume of hydrogen.5: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the efficiency claim 1 , i.e. the ratio of the total heat of reaction taken up by the thermal decomposition and the RWGS reaction to the total quantity of heat supplied to the process claim 1 , of the heat integration is greater than 84%.6: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary reaction of carbonization makes up less than 0.001% based on the total amount of carbon dioxide converted ...

DEVICE AND USE OF THE DEVICE FOR PREHEATING AT LEAST ONE FLUID

An apparatus () and the use thereof for preheating at least one fluid are proposed. The apparatus () has a solid heating body (). Channels () for passage of the fluid are formed in the heating body (). The heating body () is heatable. The heating body () is designed to heat the fluid to a target temperature within a target time, wherein the target temperature is at least a temperature at which a predetermined chemical reaction of the fluid takes place with a predetermined conversion within a predetermined time. The target time is shorter than the predetermined time. The heating body (), for preheating of the fluid, is heated to the target temperature and the fluid is passed through the channels () within the target time. 117.-. (canceled)18. A process comprising preheating at least one fluid in an apparatus , wherein the apparatus has a solid heating body , wherein channels for passage of the fluid have been formed in the heating body , wherein the heating body is heatable , wherein the heating body is designed for heating of the fluid to a target temperature within a target time , wherein the target temperature is at least one temperature at which a predetermined chemical conversion of the fluid takes place with a predetermined conversion within a predetermined time , wherein the target time is less than the predetermined time , wherein the heating body , for preheating of the fluid , is heated to the target temperature and the fluid is guided through the channels within the target time , wherein the heating body is connected to a reaction section for performance of the predetermined conversion of the preheated fluid.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the difference between the target temperature and the temperature at which the predetermined reaction of the fluid takes place with the predetermined conversion rate within the predetermined time is from −200 K to +200 K.20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the target time is 0.1 ms to 150 ms. ...

Gastæt, flerlaget kompositrør

Method and system for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material

The present invention relates to a method for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material, said method comprising the steps of (i) Filling a upper lock-hopper with granular material and/or emptying a lower lock-hopper, (ii) Purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas, (iii) Filling the reaction chamber comprising a descending moving bed from the upper lock-hopper and/or emptying the reaction chamber into the lower lock-hopper, wherein the pressure equalization between the reaction chamber and lock-hopper is achieved with product gas, (iv) optionally Relieving the lock-hoppers and conveying the product gas flow into the product line and (v) Purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation

Continuous silazane cleavage method

The invention relates to a continuous silazane cleavage method, especially for use in the production of molecular precursors for non-oxidic inorganic ceramics.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenation

The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a horizontal cylinder for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenbation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas flow (2) by means of an oxygen-containing gas flow (3), with a reaction mixture being obtained, on a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a monolith (4), characterized in that the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable cylindrical or prismatic housing G, which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1), gastight in the circumferential direction and open at both end faces thereof, into an inner area A, having one or a plurality of catalytically active zones (5), in which are provided a packing of monoliths (4) stacked on, adjacent, and above one another, and, in front of each catalytically active zone (5), a mixing zone (6) having fixed installations, and an outer area B disposed coaxially to the inner area A.

Device and use of the device for preheating at least one fluid

The invention relates to a device (10) and to the use thereof for preheating at least one fluid. The device (10) has a solidly formed heating body (12). Channels (16) are formed in the heating body (12) for directing through the fluid. The heating body (12) can be heated. The heating body (12) is designed for heating the fluid to a target temperature within a target time, wherein the target temperature is at least one temperature at which a predetermined chemical reaction of the fluid occurs with a predetermined amount of conversion within a predetermined time. The target time is less than the predetermined time. The heating body (12) is heated for preheating the fluid to the target temperature and the fluid is directed through the channels (16) within the target time.

Method for performing endothermic processes

The invention relates to a method for performing endothermic process, characterized in that the annual average total energy required for the endothermic process originates from at least two different energy sources. One of the energy sources is an electrical energy source, the power of which varies between 0 and 100% of the required total power, and three different energy modes individually can provide the total required power for the endothermic process: (i) exclusively electrical energy, (ii) a mixture of electrical energy and at least one additional non-energy source, or (iii) exclusively non-electrical energy. The transition time in which the change from one energy mode to another energy mode is completed 30 minutes at most.

Procedure to perform endothermic processes

Procedimiento para realizar un proceso endotérmico, caracterizado porque la energía total requerida para el proceso endotérmico proviene de al menos dos fuentes de energía diferentes en promedio durante el año, siendo una de las fuentes de energía una fuente de energía eléctrica cuya producción varía entre el 0 y el 100 % de la producción total requerida, y en donde el excedente de electricidad, que se define como dicha electricidad, se ofrece en el mercado eléctrico muy por debajo de sus costos de producción o a precios más bajos en relación con su contenido energético que para un combustible fósil con el mismo poder calorífico, o gratis o incluso a precios negativos, se usa sin almacenamiento intermedio o suavizado/compensación previa en una central eléctrica en el proceso endotérmico, y tres modos de energía diferentes pueden proporcionar individualmente toda la potencia requerida para el proceso endotérmico: (i) exclusivamente energía eléctrica, (ii) una mezcla de energía eléctrica y al menos otra fuente de energía no eléctrica o (iii) energía exclusivamente no eléctrica, con un cambio en las fuentes de energía/modos de energía mientras se realiza el proceso endotérmico y el tiempo de transición en el que el cambio de un modo de energía a otro modo de energía toma un máximo de 30 minutos, en donde la fuente de energía no eléctrica se alimenta de procesos oxidativos y la energía térmica extraída con potencia variable en el tiempo de la fuente de energía eléctrica se proporciona para el proceso endotérmico mediante procesos inductivos o resistivos, procesos de plasma, calentamiento por elementos de calentamiento/superficies de contacto eléctricamente conductoras o por microondas, en donde las dos o más fuentes de energía están conectadas en serie o en paralelo. Procedure to carry out an endothermic process, characterized in that the total energy required for the endothermic process comes from at least two different energy sources on average during the year, one of ...

Compact total evaporator

Method for the parallel production of hydrogen and carbon-containing products

The invention relates to a method for the parallel production of hydrogen (3) and of one or a plurality of carbon-containing products (8). In the method, hydrocarbons (2) are introduced into a reaction chamber (R) and are thermally decomposed into carbon and hydrogen in the presence of a carbon-rich granulated material (W). The invention is characterised in that at least a portion of the thermal energy necessary for the decomposition of the hydrocarbons is introduced into the reaction chamber (R) via a gaseous heat transfer medium.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenations

The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a horizontal cylinder for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenbation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas flow (2) by means of an oxygen-containing gas flow (3), with a reaction mixture being obtained, on a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a monolith (4), characterized in that the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable cylindrical or prismatic housing G, which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1), gastight in the circumferential direction and open at both end faces thereof, into an inner area A, having one or a plurality of catalytically active zones (5), in which are provided a packing of monoliths (4) stacked on, adjacent, and above one another, and, in front of each catalytically active zone (5), a mixing zone (6) having fixed installations, and an outer area B disposed coaxially to the inner area A.

Compact fixed bed reactor for catalytic reactions with integral heat exchange

Method and device for the purification of exhaust gases

The invention relates to a method for the purification of exhaust gases that contain combustible and NOx-containing exhaust gas components, especially gases originating from lean-mix internal combustion engines, in an exhaust gas converter (1) that comprises at least one heat exchanger (12) with catalysts (15, 33) arranged in the inflow (6) and/or outflow channels (7) thereof. According to the inventive method, exhaust gas (2) flowing into the device is heated up in heat exchange with outflowing exhaust gas and heat is supplied to the exhaust gas. The incoming exhaust gas (2) enters, without deflection and danger of congestion caused by flow obstacles, the inflow channels (6) of the heat exchanger (12) and flows through these channels until it reaches a deflection area (9). Heat in the form of burner exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust gas by means of an electrically heated burner (19) that is disposed in the deflection area (9) and that is provided with at least one catalyst (31, 32). The burner exhaust gas is admixed to the gas issued from the inflow channels (6), enters the outflow channels (7) together with said gas and is purified from nitrogen oxides by means of a denitrification catalyst (33).

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation

The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a cylinder or prism for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a gas flow (2) containing hydrocarbons by means of a gas flow (3) containing oxygen so as to obtain a reaction gas mixture, on a heterogeneous catalyst, which is designed as a monolith (4), the interior of the reactor (1) being divided by a circular cylindrical or prismatic gas-tight housing (G) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) into an inner region (A) having one or more catalytically active zones (5), in each of which a respective packing of monoliths (4) stacked one on the other, one next to the other, and one behind the other and, before each catalytically active zone (5), a respective mixing zone (6) having fixed installations are provided, and an outer region (B) arranged coaxial with the inner region (A), said reactor being characterized in that the inner region (A) is insulated from the outer region (B) of the reactor by means of a microporous high-performance insulating material (15) having a thermal conductivity value (λ) less than 0.05 W/m*K at temperatures up to 700 °C.

Method for performing endothermic processes

The invention relates to a method for performing endothermic process, characterized in that the annual average total energy required for the endothermic process originates from at least two different energy sources. One of the energy sources is an electrical energy source, the power of which varies between 0 and 100% of the required total power, and three different energy modes individually can provide the total required power for the endothermic process: (i) exclusively electrical energy, (ii) a mixture of electrical energy and at least one additional non-energy source, or (iii) exclusively non-electrical energy. The transition time in which the change from one energy mode to another energy mode is completed 30 minutes at most.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING EXHAUST GASES

Procedure for oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to give formaldehyde in silver-containing knitwear

Procedimiento para la preparación de formaldehído mediante deshidrogenación oxidativa de metanol en un cuerpo moldeado de catalizador que puede obtenerse mediante conformación tridimensional y/o disposición en el espacio de fibras y/o hilos que contienen plata, caracterizado porque el diámetro promedio o la longitud diagonal promedio de una sección transversal esencialmente rectangular o cuadrada de estas fibras y/o hilos que contienen plata se encuentra en el intervalo de 30 μm a 70 μm, la densidad del cuerpo moldeado de catalizador se encuentra en el intervalo de 2 g/cm3 a 4 g/cm3. Procedure for the preparation of formaldehyde by oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol in a molded catalyst body that can be obtained by three-dimensional conformation and / or arrangement in the space of fibers and / or threads containing silver, characterized in that the average diameter or the average diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross-section of these fibers and / or threads containing silver is in the range of 30 μm to 70 μm, the density of the catalyst molded body is in the range of 2 g / cm 3 to 4 g / cm3.

Process for producing synthesis gas

The invention relates to a method for generating syngas (5). Hydrocarbon (2) is thermally decomposed into hydrogen and carbon in a first reaction zone (Z1), and hydrogen produced in the process is conducted from the first reaction zone (Z1) to a second reaction zone (Z2) in order to react the hydrogen with carbon monoxide (4) in the second reaction zone so as to produce water and carbon monoxide. The invention is characterized in that the energy required for the thermal hydrocarbon decomposition in the first reaction zone (Z1) is supplied from the second reaction zone (Z2).

Parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon-comprising product

The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400°C and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas).

Continuous silazane cleavage method

Reactor for endothermic high-temperature reactions

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor (1) zur Durchführung einer endothermen Reaktion, insbesondere Hochtemperaturreaktion, bei der aus einem Einsatzgas (E) ein Produktgas (P) gewonnen wird, wobei der Reaktor (1) einen Reaktorinnenraum (10) umgibt, wobei der Reaktor (1) dazu konfiguriert ist, in einer Reaktionszone (12) des Reaktorinnenraumes (10) ein Reaktorbett (120) aufweisend eine Vielzahl an Feststoffpartikeln (F) bereitzustellen, wobei der Reaktor (1) weiterhin dazu konfiguriert ist, das Einsatzgas (E) in die Reaktionszone (12) zu führen, wobei der Reaktor (1) zum Heizen des Einsatzgases (E) dazu ausgebildet ist, die Feststoffpartikel (F) in der Reaktionszone (12) zu heizen, so dass das Einsatzgas (E) in der Reaktionszone (12) durch Übertragung von Wärme der Feststoffpartikel (F) auf das Einsatzgas (E) auf eine Reaktionstemperatur heizbar ist, um als Edukt an der endothermen Reaktion zur Erzeugung des Produktgases (P) teilzunehmen, und wobei der Reaktorinnenraum (10) weiterhin eine erste Wärmeintegrationszone (11) aufweist, in der Wärme des in der Reaktionszone (12) erzeugten Produktgases (P) auf in die Reaktionszone (12) zu führende Feststoffpartikel (F) des Reaktorbetts (120) übertragbar ist, und wobei weiterhin der Reaktorinnenraum (10) eine zweite Wärmeintegrationszone (13) aufweist, in der Wärme von aus der Reaktionszone (12) kommenden Feststoffpartikeln (F) des Reaktorbetts (120) zum Vorheizen des Einsatzgases (E) auf das Einsatzgas (E) übertragbar ist. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren, bei dem ein erfindungsgemäßer Reaktor (1) verwendet wird.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydration

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A REACTOR (1) IN THE FORM OF A HORIZONTAL CYLINDER (3) FOR CARRYING OUT AUTOTHERMAL GAS PHASE DEHYDRATION OF A HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING GAS FLOW (2) WITH AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS FLOW (3), YIELDING A REACTION GAS MIXTURE, AT A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST DESIGNED AS A MONOLITH (4), WHEREIN THE INNER CHAMBER OF THE REACTOR (1) IS DIVIDED BY A REMOVABLE, CIRCULAR CYLINDRICAL OR PRISMATIC HOUSING G, WHICH IS DISPOSED IN THE LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION OF THE REACTOR (1) AND IS GAS-TIGHT IN THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTION, INTO AN INNER AREA A HAVING ONE OR MORE CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE ZONES (5), IN EACH OF WHICH A PACKAGE OF MONOLITHS (4) STACKED ON EACH OTHER, ADJACENT TO EACH OTHER, AND ARRANGED ONE BEHIND THE OTHER IS PROVIDED, A MIXING ZONE (6) HAVING FIXED INSTALLED FIXTURES BEING PROVIDED IN FRONT OF EACH ACTIVE ZONE (5), AND INTO AN OUTER AREA B DISPOSED COAXIALLY TO THE INNER AREA A, AND WHEREIN A HEAT EXCHANGER (12) CONNECTED TO THE HOUSING G IS PROVIDED AT AN END OF THE REACTOR, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT AN INERT GAS IS SUPPLIED TO THE OUTER AREA B. (FIGURE 1)

Method for the production of synthesis gas and of electrical energy

Photoreactor

The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gas currents, comprising a pipe which the current to be treated flows through. At least one light source, at least one planar means M1 and at least one planar means M2 are arranged inside said pipe, wherein M1 has at least one photocatalytically active material and M2 reflects the light radiation emitted from the at least one light source. The reflective surface of the at least one means M2 and the inner wall of the pipe together form an angle that is greater than or equal to 0°, such that the light emitted from the light source is reflected from the at least one means M2 onto the photocatalytically active material. The invention further relates to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gas currents by irradiation of light in the reactor according to the invention.

Gastight, heat permeable, ceramic and multilayered composite tube

The present invention relates to a gas-tight multilayer composite tube with a heat transfer coefficient of > 500 W/m2/K, which in its structure has, as an inner layer over the cross section of the wall of the composite tube, a non-porous monolithic oxide ceramic, which is enclosed by an outer layer of oxidic fibre-composite ceramic, this outer layer having an open porosity of 5% < e < 50%, and which has on the inner surface of the composite tube multiple depressions directed towards the outer wall of the composite tube, and also relates to the use of the multilayer composite tube as a reaction tube for endothermic reactions, radiant tubes, fire tubes or rotary tubes.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde over silver-containing knits

A process for preparing C1-C10-aldehydes by oxidative dehydrogenation of C1-C10-alcohols over a shaped catalyst body obtainable by three-dimensional forming and/or arrangement in the space of silver-containing fibres and/or filaments, characterized in that the mean diameter or the mean diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross section of these silver-containing fibres and/or filaments is in the range from 30 µm to 200 µm.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation

The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a cylinder or prism for carrying out autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a gas flow (2) containing hydrocarbons by means of a gas flow (3) containing oxygen so as to obtain a reaction gas mixture, on a heterogeneous catalyst, which is designed as a monolith (4), the interior of the reactor (1) being divided by a circular cylindrical or prismatic gas-tight housing (G) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) into an inner region (A) having one or more catalytically active zones (5), in each of which a respective packing of monoliths (4) stacked one on the other, one next to the other, and one behind the other and, before each catalytically active zone (5), a respective mixing zone (6) having fixed installations are provided, and an outer region (B) arranged coaxial with the inner region (A), said reactor being characterized in that the inner region (A) is insulated from the outer region (B) of the reactor by means of a microporous high-performance insulating material (15) having a thermal conductivity value (λ) less than 0.05 W/m*K at temperatures up to 700 °C.

Process for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in an indirectly heated rotary drum reactor

The present invention is directed towards a process for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800°C, whereas the heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon, wherein said rotary drum reactor contains of the following elements: (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall (C) with an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair, wherein at least one electrode is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

Reactor for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenation

The invention relates to a reactor (1) in the form of a horizontal cylinder for carrying out autothermal gas phase dehydrogenbation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas flow (2) by means of an oxygen-containing gas flow (3), with a reaction mixture being obtained, on a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of a monolith (4), characterized in that the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable cylindrical or prismatic housing G, which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1), gastight in the circumferential direction and open at both end faces thereof, into an inner area A, having one or a plurality of catalytically active zones (5), in which are provided a packing of monoliths (4) stacked on, adjacent, and above one another, and, in front of each catalytically active zone (5), a mixing zone (6) having fixed installations, and an outer area B disposed coaxially to the inner area A.

Method for producing synthesis gas

The invention relates to a method for producing synthesis gas (5), wherein a hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas (2) and a carbon-dioxide-containing converter gas (4) are introduced into a first reaction zone (Z1) and hydrogen, contained in the hydrocarbon-containing coke-oven gas (2), is at least partially reacted with carbon dioxide in order to form water and the water is thermally reacted with the hydrocarbon in order to produce synthesis gas, which contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In a second reaction zone (Z2), an oxygen-containing gas (3) is introduced and thermal energy is produced by means of said oxygen-containing gas and part of the hydrogen from the first reaction zone (Z1), wherein the thermal energy produced in the second reaction zone (Z2) is supplied to the first reaction zone (Z1).

A process for recovering h2

The present invention relates to processes for recovering H 2 from converting NH 3 in an apparatus, the processes comprising one or more process stages, and an apparatus for these processes.

A process for recovering h2

The present invention relates to processes for recovering H₂ from converting NH₃ in an apparatus, the processes comprising one or more process stages, and an apparatus for these processes.

Vorrichtung zur reinigung von abgasen

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von abgasen

Solids-packed apparatus for performance of endothermic reactions with direct electrical heating

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing device for performing endothermic reactions having an upper (3), middle (1) and lower (3) device section, wherein at least one vertically disposed electrode pair (4, 5) is fitted in the middle section (1) and all electrodes are arranged in an electrically conducting solid packing (26), the upper and lower device sections have a specific conductivity of 10

Method and reactor for preparing nitric oxide

The invention relates to a method for the production of nitric oxide from a gaseous reactant mixture containing oxygen and nitrogen in a reactor comprising a reaction zone (1) with a heat input device (2) and at least two regenerator zones (3, 4, 5, 6), each regenerator zone having a low temperature section on one end and a high temperature section at the other end of the regenerator zone, the high temperature sections being fluidically connected to the reaction zone (1), the method comprising the steps of: e) supplying heat through the heat input device (2) to the reaction zone (1) until a temperature of from 1500°C to 2500°C is reached in the reaction zone (1); f) passing the reactant mixture through a first regenerator zone (3) into the reaction zone (1) in which the reactant mixture reacts to form a product mixture, passing the product mixture from the reaction zone (1) through a second regenerator zone (4) and withdrawing at least part of the product mixture from the second regenerator zone (4); g) reversing the direction of flow and passing the reactant mixture through the second regenerator zone (4) into the reaction zone (1) in which the reactant mixture reacts to form a product mixture, passing the product mixture from the reaction zone (1) through the first regenerator zone (3) and withdrawing at least part of the product mixture from the first regenerator zone (3); and h) reversing the direction of flow and periodically repeating steps b) and c); wherein the high temperature sections of the regenerator zones (3, 4, 5, 6) comprise a plurality of channels with a hydraulic diameter of 0.5 mm to 5 mm each, the inner walls of which are made of oxide ceramics.

Umsetzung explosionsfähiger gasgemische

Use of carbonaceous carrier material in bed reactors

The present invention provides a process of producing hydrogen comprising introducing methane and/or other light hydrocarbons into a reaction chamber and reacting said gases in said reaction chamber in a bed of solid carbonaceous materials to give hydrogen, wherein said carbonaceous materials are macro-structured carbonaceous materials, wherein the porosity of the carbonaceous material is in the range of 30 to 70 vol.-% and the carbonaceous material contains a content of carbon of 99 wt.-% to 100 wt.-% and a content of alkaline-earth metals, transition metals and metalloids of 0 and 1 wt.-% in relation to the total mass of the solid carbonaceous material, wherein the iron content is between 0 and 0.5 wt.-%, the magnesium content is between 0 and 0.005 wt.-%, the manganese content is between 0 and 0.01 wt.-%, the silicon content is between 0 and 0.01 wt.-% and the nickel content is between 0 and 0.025 wt.-%. In addition, the present invention provides the use of said carbonaceous materials as carrier material in bed reactors.

Device comprising a pressure-bearing device shell and an interior scaffolding system

The present invention relates to a device comprising at least one pressure-bearing device shell and at least one modular scaffolding system made of ceramic fibre composite materials and arranged inside the device shell and a modular lining device comprising refractory bricks in addition to the modular scaffolding system, and to the use of this device for high-temperature reactors, in particular electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Vorrichtung aus einem drucktragenden vorrichtungsmantel und einem innenliegenden gerüstsystem

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung aus mindestens einem drucktragenden Vorrichtungsmantel und mindestens einem innerhalb des Vorrichtungsmantels angeordneten, modularen Gerüstsystem aus keramischen Faserverbundwerkstoffen und eine modulare Auskleidungsvorrichtung beinhaltend neben dem modularen Gerüstsystem Feuerfeststeine, sowie die Verwendung dieser Vorrichtung für Hochtemperaturreaktoren, insbesondere elektrisch beheizte Hochtemperaturreaktoren.

Mit feststoff gepackte vorrichtung zur durchführung von endothermen reaktionen mit direkter elektrischer beheizung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrisch beheizbare gepackte drucktragende Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von endothermen Reaktionen mit einem oberen (3), mittleren (1) und unteren (3) Vorrichtungsabschnitt, wobei im mittleren Abschnitt (1) mindestens ein vertikal angeordnetes Elektrodenpaar (4,5) eingebaut ist und alle Elektroden in einer elektrisch-leitenden Feststoff-Packung (26) angeordnet sind, die oberen und unteren Vorrichtungsabschnitte eine spezifische Leitfähigkeit von 10 5 S/m bis 10 8 S/m aufweisen, und der mittlere Vorrichtungsabschnitt gegen die Feststoff-Packung elektrisch isoliert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der obere und untere Vorrichtungsabschnitt gegen den mittleren Vorrichtungsabschnitt elektrisch isoliert ist, die obere Elektrode über den oberen Vorrichtungsabschnitt und die untere Elektrode über den unteren Vorrichtungsabschnitt angeschlossen sind oder die Elektroden jeweils über ein oder mehrere an diesen Abschnitten elektrisch kontaktierte Verbindungselemente (10, 16) angeschlossen sind und das Verhältnis der Querschnittsflächen der oberen und unteren Elektrode zur Querschnittsfläche des jeweiligen stromleitenden Verbindungselements oder, ohne Verwendung eines Verbindungselements, das Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche der oberen und unteren Elektrode zur Querschnittsfläche des jeweiligen stromleitenden Vorrichtungsabschnitts 0,1 bis 10 beträgt.

Dispositivo de embalaje sólido para llevar a cabo reacciones endotérmicas con calentamiento eléctrico directo

Dispositivo de presión empaquetado y calentable eléctricamente para llevar a cabo reacciones endotérmicas, que tiene unas secciones de dispositivo superior (3), media (1) e inferior (2), estando al menos un par de electrodos (4, 5) dispuestos verticales en la sección media y estando todos los electrodos dispuestos en una empaquetadura de material sólido eléctricamente conductora (26), presentando las secciones superior e inferior del dispositivo una conductividad específica de 105 S/m a 108 S/m, y estando la sección central del dispositivo aislada eléctricamente de la empaquetadura de material sólido, caracterizado porque las secciones superior e inferior del dispositivo están aisladas eléctricamente de la sección central del dispositivo, el electrodo superior está conectado a través de la sección del dispositivo superior y el electrodo inferior a través de la sección del dispositivo inferior, o cada uno de los electrodos está conectado a través de uno o más elementos de conexión (10, 16) puestos en contacto eléctricamente en estas secciones, y la relación entre el área de la sección transversal de los electrodos superior e inferior y el área de la sección transversal de los respectivos elementos de conexión conductores de corriente o, sin usar un elemento de conexión, la relación entre el área de la sección transversal de los electrodos superior e inferior y el área de la sección transversal de la respectiva sección del dispositivo conductor de corriente es de 0,1 a 10.

Solids-packed apparatus for performance of endothermic reactions with direct electrical heating

The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing device for performing endothermic reactions having an upper (3), middle (1) and lower (3) device section, wherein at least one vertically disposed electrode pair (4, 5) is fitted in the middle section (1) and all electrodes are arranged in an electrically conducting solid packing (26), the upper and lower device sections have a specific conductivity of 10

Kompakter festbettreaktor für katalytische reaktionen mit integriertem wärmeaustausch

Umsetzung explosionsfähiger gasgemische

Verfahren zur kontrollierten Umsetzung von mindestens zwei Gasen, die miteinander zündfähige und/oder explosive Gemische bilden, bei dem man die Gase entweder getrennt oder gemeinsam in einer in Bezug auf die Gase inerten Trägerflüssigkeit aufnimmt; die Trägerflüssigkeit mit den aufgenommenen Gasen einem Entgaser zuführt, der einen geschlossenen Entgasungstopf (2) umfasst, der mindestens eine Zuleitung für die gasbeladene Trägerflüssigkeit (1) und mindestens eine Gasabführung (3) an seinem oberen Ende sowie einen oder mehrere Abflüsse für die Trägerflüssigkeit unterhalb der Zuleitung für die Trägerflüssigkeit und jeweils verbunden einem Abflussrohr (4) enthält, und zwar in einer Weise, dass die Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit im Entgasungstopf (2) kleiner als 0.2 m/s ist, das Gasgemisch in dem Entgaser von der Trägerflüssigkeit abtrennt und nach Austritt aus dem Entgaser und gegebenenfalls erfolgter Trocknung in einer Reaktionszone zur Reaktion bringt; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abflussrohre (4) bis zu einem Höhenniveau zwischen dem Austrittsquerschnitt der Gasabführung aus dem Entgasungstopf (2) und dem untersten Niveau der Reaktionszone als geschlossene Steigleitung ausgebildet sind und in diesem Niveaubereich ein Druckausgleich zwischen Gasabführung (3) und Abflussrohren (4) erfolgt. Beschrieben werden ausserdem eine geeignete Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie spezielle Verwendungen der Vorrichtung.

Omsætning af eksplosive gasblandinger

Umsetzung explosionsfähiger gasgemische

A tube furnace for the use in a sintering and/or debinding process

The present invention relates to the use of a tube furnace in a sintering and/or debinding process, wherein the tube furnace comprises a tube (T) comprising an oxide ceramic matrix composite (OCMC). In addition, the present invention relates to a tube furnace for the use in a sintering and/or debinding process, wherein the tube furnace comprises a tube (T) comprising an oxide ceramic matrix composite (OCMC). Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of the inventive tube furnace in a process for the treatment of at least one three-dimensional green body (GB).

Gasdichtes, wärmedurchlässiges, keramisches und mehrlagiges verbundrohr

Integrated process of pyrolysis, electrode anode production and aluminum production and joint plant

The present invention relates to an integrated process containing the following steps (i) pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to carbon and hydrogen, (iia) removal of at least a part of the produced carbon in step (i) and at least partly further processing of said carbon into a carbon containing electrode, (iib) removal of the hydrogen produced in step (i) and at least partly use said hydrogen for providing energy, preferably electric energy or heat, for the electrode production in step (iia). In addition, the present invention relates to a joint plant containing (a) at least one reactor for pyrolysis process, (b) at least one reactor for the production of electrodes for an aluminum process, (c) a power plant and/or at least one gas-fired burner and optionally (d) at least one reactor for the electrolysis for producing aluminum.

Apparatus composed of a pressure-rated apparatus shell and an internal framework system composed of ceramic fiber composite materials

The present invention relates to a device comprising at least one pressure-bearing device shell and at least one modular scaffolding system made of ceramic fibre composite materials and arranged inside the device shell and a modular lining device comprising refractory bricks in addition to the modular scaffolding system, and to the use of this device for high-temperature reactors, in particular electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Umsetzung explosionsfähiger gasgemische

Verfahren zur kontrollierten Umsetzung von mindestens zwei Gasen, die miteinander zündfähige und/oder explosive Gemische bilden, bei dem man die Gase entweder getrennt oder gemeinsam in einer in Bezug auf die Gase inerten Trägerflüssigkeit aufnimmt; die Trägerflüssigkeit mit den aufgenommenen Gasen einem Entgaser zuführt, der einen geschlossenen Entgasungstopf (2) umfasst, der mindestens eine Zuleitung für die gasbeladene Trägerflüssigkeit (1) und mindestens eine Gasabführung (3) an seinem oberen Ende sowie einen oder mehrere Abflüsse für die Trägerflüssigkeit unterhalb der Zuleitung für die Trägerflüssigkeit und jeweils verbunden einem Abflussrohr (4) enthält, und zwar in einer Weise, dass die Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit im Entgasungstopf (2) kleiner als 0.2 m/s ist, das Gasgemisch in dem Entgaser von der Trägerflüssigkeit abtrennt und nach Austritt aus dem Entgaser und gegebenenfalls erfolgter Trocknung in einer Reaktionszone zur Reaktion bringt; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abflussrohre (4) bis zu einem Höhenniveau zwischen dem Austrittsquerschnitt der Gasabführung aus dem Entgasungstopf (2) und dem untersten Niveau der Reaktionszone als geschlossene Steigleitung ausgebildet sind und in diesem Niveaubereich ein Druckausgleich zwischen Gasabführung (3) und Abflussrohren (4) erfolgt. Beschrieben werden ausserdem eine geeignete Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie spezielle Verwendungen der Vorrichtung.

Gasdichtes, wärmedurchlässiges, keramisches und mehrschichtiges verbundrohr

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein gasdichtes mehrschichtiges Verbundrohr mit einem Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient von > 500 W/m 2 /K welches in seinem Aufbau über den Querschnitt der Wand des Verbundrohres als innere Schicht eine unporöse monolithische Oxid-Keramik aufweist, welche von einer äußeren Schicht aus oxidischer Faserverbundkeramik umschlossen wird, wobei diese äußere Schicht eine offene Porösität von 5% < ε < 50 % aufweist und welches an der inneren Oberfläche des Verbundrohres mehrere zur Außenwand des Verbundrohres gerichtete Vertiefungen aufweist, sowie die Verwendung des mehrschichtigen Verbundrohres als Reaktionsrohr für endotherme Reaktionen, Strahlrohre, Flammrohre oder Drehrohre.

Vorrichtung zum erhitzen eines einsatzstoffes

Es wird eine Vorrichtung (110) zum Erhitzen eines Einsatzstoffes vorgeschlagen. Die Vorrichtung (110) umfasst eine Mehrzahl von elektrisch leitfähigen Rohrleitungen (114) zur Aufnahme des Einsatzstoffs. Die Rohrleitungen (114) sind parallel von dem Einsatzstoff durchfließbar angeordnet. Die Vorrichtung (110) weisen mindestens eine Strom- und/oder Spannungsquelle (126) auf, welche eingerichtet ist einen elektrischen Strom in den Rohrleitungen (114) einzuprägen, welcher die Rohrleitungen (114) durch Joulesche Wärme, welche bei Durchgang des elektrischen Stromes durch leitendes Rohrmaterial entsteht, zum Erhitzen des Einsatzstoffes erwärmt. Jede der Rohrleitungen (110) weist ein erstes Ende (116) und ein zweites Ende (118) auf. An dem ersten Ende (116) und dem zweiten Ende (118) ist mindestens ein elektrischer Isolator (132) angeordnet, so dass die jeweilige Rohrleitung (114) und mindestens eine zuführende Rohrleitung (120) und mindestens eine abführende Rohrleitung (122) galvanisch voneinander getrennt sind. Die einzelnen Rohrleitungen (114) sind in einer Reihenschaltung elektrisch miteinander verschaltet.

Integrated process of pyrolysis, electrode anode production and aluminum production and joint plant

Reaktor für endotherme hochtemperaturreaktionen

Use of carbonaceous carrier material in bed reactors

The present invention provides a process of producing hydrogen comprising introducing methane and/or other light hydrocarbons into a reaction chamber and reacting said gases in said reaction chamber in a bed of solid carbonaceous materials to give hydrogen, wherein said carbonaceous materials are macro-structured carbonaceous materials, wherein the porosity of the carbonaceous material is in the range of 30 to 70 vol.-% and the carbonaceous material contains a content of carbon of 99 wt.-% to 100 wt.-% and a content of alkaline-earth metals, transition metals and metalloids of 0 and 1 wt.-% in relation to the total mass of the solid carbonaceous material, wherein the iron content is between 0 and 0.5 wt.-%, the magnesium content is between 0 and 0.005 wt.-%, the manganese content is between 0 and 0.01 wt.-%, the silicon content is between 0 and 0.01 wt.-% and the nickel content is between 0 and 0.025 wt.-%. In addition, the present invention provides the use of said carbonaceous materials as carrier material in bed reactors.

Reaktor für endotherme hochtemperaturreaktionen

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor (1) zur Durchführung einer endothermen Reaktion, insbesondere Hochtemperaturreaktion, bei der aus einem Einsatzgas (E) ein Produktgas (P) gewonnen wird, wobei der Reaktor (1) einen Reaktorinnenraum (10) umgibt, wobei der Reaktor (1) dazu konfiguriert ist, in einer Reaktionszone (12) des Reaktorinnenraumes (10) ein Reaktorbett (120) aufweisend eine Vielzahl an Feststoffpartikeln (F) bereitzustellen, wobei der Reaktor (1) weiterhin dazu konfiguriert ist, das Einsatzgas (E) in die Reaktionszone (12) zu führen, wobei der Reaktor (1) zum Heizen des Einsatzgases (E) dazu ausgebildet ist, die Feststoffpartikel (F) in der Reaktionszone (12) zu heizen, so dass das Einsatzgas (E) in der Reaktionszone (12) durch Übertragung von Wärme der Feststoffpartikel (F) auf das Einsatzgas (E) auf eine Reaktionstemperatur heizbar ist, um als Edukt an der endothermen Reaktion zur Erzeugung des Produktgases (P) teilzunehmen, und wobei der Reaktorinnenraum (10) weiterhin eine erste Wärmeintegrationszone (11) aufweist, in der Wärme des in der Reaktionszone (12) erzeugten Produktgases (P) auf in die Reaktionszone (12) zu führende Feststoffpartikel (F) des Reaktorbetts (120) übertragbar ist, und wobei weiterhin der Reaktorinnenraum (10) eine zweite Wärmeintegrationszone (13) aufweist, in der Wärme von aus der Reaktionszone (12) kommenden Feststoffpartikeln (F) des Reaktorbetts (120) zum Vorheizen des Einsatzgases (E) auf das Einsatzgas (E) übertragbar ist. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren, bei dem ein erfindungsgemäßer Reaktor (1) verwendet wird.