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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 4697. Отображено 100.
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Process and System For Producing Liquid Fuel From Carbon Dioxide And Water

Номер: US20120201717A1
Автор: Kim-Chinh Tran, Omar Freyr Sigurbjornsson, Shwetank Singh
Принадлежит: CRI ehf

A process and system for producing high octane fuel from carbon dioxide and water is disclosed. The feedstock for the production line is industrial carbon dioxide and water, which may be of lower quality. The end product can be high octane gasoline, high cetane diesel or other liquid hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for driving conventional combustion engines or hydrocarbons suitable for further industrial processing or commercial use. Products, such as dimethyl ether or methanol may also be withdrawn from the production line. The process is emission free and reprocesses all hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel to form high octane products. The heat generated by exothermic reactions in the process is fully utilized as is the heat produced in the reprocessing of hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel.

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Номер записи: 1
31-01-2013 дата публикации

Gasification system and method

Номер: US20130028801A1
Автор: Benjamin H. CARRYER, Bruce E. McComish, Bryan C. Borum, Eric Elrod, Harold A. Wright, Mark D. Ibsen, Mark Robertson, Sim Weeks, Weibin Jiang
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

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Номер записи: 2
31-01-2013 дата публикации

Gasification system and method

Номер: US20130030062A1
Автор: Benjamin H. CARRYER, Bruce E. McComish, Bryan C. Borum, Eric Elrod, Harold A. Wright, Mark D. Ibsen, Mark Robertson, Sim Weeks, Weibin Jiang
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A system configured for the production of at least one product selected from the group consisting of syngas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, power, and chemicals, the system comprising a dual fluidized bed gasification apparatus and at least one apparatus selected from power production apparatus configured to produce power from the gasification product gas, partial oxidation reactors configured for oxidation of at least a portion of the product gas, tar removal apparatus configured to reduce the amount of tar in the product gas, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis apparatus configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products from at least a portion of the product gas, chemical production apparatus configured for the production of at least one non-Fischer-Tropsch product from at least a portion of the product gas, and dual fluidized bed gasification units configured to alter the composition of the product gas. Methods of operating the system are also provided.

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Номер записи: 3
02-05-2013 дата публикации

Processes and systems for converting synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbon product

Номер: US20130109768A1
Автор: Anne HELGESON, Charles L. Kibby, Christine M. PHILIPS, David W. Parham, Gordon R. DEPPE, Kandaswamy Jothimurugesan, Richard SASSON, Robert J. Saxton, Scott Oliver, Tapan K. Das
Принадлежит: Chevron USA Inc

Processes and systems are provided for converting synthesis gas containing a mixture of H 2 and CO to liquid hydrocarbon products having a cloud point less than about 15° C. The systems utilize at least one Fischer-Tropsch reactor containing hybrid Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with cooling and separation of reactor effluent following each reactor. The low cloud point indicates that the amount of wax in the hydrocarbon products is minimized relative to conventional Fischer-Tropsch conversion. Accordingly, more economical systems can be built and operated because equipment associated with wax removal or wax treatment can be reduced or eliminated.

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Номер записи: 4
09-05-2013 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE USE OF FISCHER-TROPSCH TAIL GAS IN A GAS TO LIQUID PROCESS

Номер: US20130116347A1
Автор: Cheeley Robert B., Meissner David C., Metius Gary E.
Принадлежит: MIDREX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

The present disclosure provides a Fischer-Tropsch tail gas recycling system, including: a Fischer-Tropsch reactor providing a source of tail gas; a first preheater for preheating the tail gas to between about 200 and 300 degrees C.; a hydrogenator for hydrogenating the tail gas; an expansion device for reducing the pressure of the tail gas to between about 2.5 and 5 bar; a second preheater for preheating a feed gas comprising the tail gas and steam to between about 500 and 600 degrees C.; and a catalytic reformer for reforming the feed gas in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalytic reformer operates at about 2 bar and about 1000 degrees C., for example. Optionally, CO2 and/or natural gas are also added to the tail gas and/or steam to form the feed gas. 1. A Fischer-Tropsch tail gas recycling system , comprising:a Fischer-Tropsch reactor providing a source of tail gas;a first preheater for preheating the tail gas;a hydrogenator for hydrogenating the tail gas;an expansion device for reducing the pressure of the tail gas;a second preheater for preheating a feed gas comprising the tail gas and steam; anda catalytic reformer for reforming the feed gas in the presence of a catalyst.2. The tail gas recycling system of claim 1 , wherein the first preheater preheats the tail gas to between about 200 and 300 degrees C. claim 1 , the expansion device reduces the pressure of the tail gas to between about 2.5 and 5 bar claim 1 , and the second preheater preheats the feed gas to between about 500 and 600 degrees C.3. The tail gas recycling system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenator converts any olefins in the tail gas to saturated hydrocarbons.4. The tail gas recycling system of claim 1 , further comprising a low pressure steam source in fluid communication with the tail gas between the expansion device and the second preheater.5. The tail gas recycling system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises nickel.6. The tail gas recycling system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 5
13-06-2013 дата публикации

Mixed oxide based catalyst for the conversion of carbon dioxide to syngas and method of preparation and use

Номер: US20130150466A1
Автор: Aghaddin Mamedov, Clark Rea, Shahid N. Shaikh, Xiankuan Zhang
Принадлежит: Saudi Basic Industries Corp

The invention relates to a catalyst and process for making syngas mixtures including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The process comprises contacting a gaseous feed mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen with the catalyst, where the catalyst comprises Mn oxide and an auxiliary metal oxide selected from the group consisting of La, Ca, K, W, Cu, Al and mixtures or combinations thereof. The process enables hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide with high selectivity, and good catalyst stability over time and under variations in processing conditions. The process can be applied separately, but can also be integrated with other processes, both up-stream and/or down-stream including methane reforming or other synthesis processes for making products like alkanes, aldehydes, or alcohols.

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Номер записи: 6
27-06-2013 дата публикации

Supplemental fuel to combustor of dual fluidized bed gasifier

Номер: US20130161563A1
Автор: Benjamin H. CARRYER, Bruce E. McComish, Bryan C. Borum, Eric R. ELROD, Harold A. Wright, Mark D. Ibsen, Mark K. Robertson, Sim Weeks, Weibin Jiang
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A method of gasification by introducing a feed material to be subjected to gasification into a dual fluidized bed gasifier comprising a pyrolyzer fluidly connected with a combustor such that a circulation stream comprising a heat transfer material can be continuously circulated between the pyrolyzer, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is reduced, and the combustor, in which the temperature of the circulation stream is increased, wherein the pyrolyzer is operable to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and wherein the combustor is operable to increase the temperature of the circulation stream via combustion of char introduced thereto with the circulation stream and at least one supplemental fuel. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

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Номер записи: 7
27-06-2013 дата публикации

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

Номер: US20130165534A1
Автор: Benjamin H. CARRYER, Bruce E. McComish, Bryan C. Borum, Eric R. ELROD, Harold A. Wright, Mark D. Ibsen, Mark K. Robertson, Sim Weeks, Weibin Jiang
Принадлежит: Rentech Inc

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

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Номер записи: 8
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Using supercritical fluids to refine hydrocarbons

Номер: US20130206645A1
Автор: Stephen Lee Yarbro
Принадлежит: Stephen Lee Yarbro

A system and method for reactively refining hydrocarbons, such as heavy oils with API gravities of less than 20 degrees and bitumen-like hydrocarbons with viscosities greater than 1000 cp at standard temperature and pressure, using a selected fluid at supercritical conditions. A reaction portion of the system and method delivers lightweight, volatile hydrocarbons to an associated contacting unit which operates in mixed subcritical/supercritical or supercritical modes. Using thermal diffusion, multiphase contact, or a momentum generating pressure gradient, the contacting unit separates the reaction products into portions that are viable for use or sale without further conventional refining and hydro-processing techniques.

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Номер записи: 9
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for the Production of Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20130210096A1
Автор: James Obern, Michael Anthony Schultz, Sean Dennis Simpson
Принадлежит: Lanzatech New Zealand Ltd

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from an industrial process selected from the group comprising steam reforming processes, refinery processes, steam cracking processes, and reverse water gas shift processes.

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Номер записи: 10
22-08-2013 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PURIFICATION OF GASES

Номер: US20130212944A1
Автор: Bradshaw Heather, Krause Outi, Ronkkonen Ella, Simell Pekka, Solla Anu, Stephenson Hazel
Принадлежит:

A zirconium-based mixed oxide or zirconium-based mixed hydroxide which is capable of (a) at least 90% v/v conversion of naphthalene at atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range 600-700° C. using a residence time of about 0.3 seconds, and/or (b) providing an initial heat of adsorption of ammonia of greater than 150 kJ/mol when measured by ammonia flowing gas microcalorimetry. Also, a method for purifying gas produced from the gasification of carbonaceous materials, comprising the step of bringing the gas into contact with such mixed oxides or mixed hydroxides. 1. A zirconium-based mixed oxide or zirconium-based mixed hydroxide which is capable of (a) at least 90% v/v conversion of naphthalene at atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range 600-700° C. using a residence time of about 0.3 seconds , and/or (b) providing an initial heat of adsorption of ammonia of greater than 150 kJ/mol when measured by ammonia flowing gas microcalorimetry.2. A mixed oxide or mixed hydroxide as claimed in which claim 1 , after hydrothermal treatment in 70% v/v steam in nitrogen at 700° C. for 85 hours claim 1 , is capable of at least 90% v/v conversion of naphthalene at atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range 600-700° C. using a residence time of about 0.3 seconds.3. A mixed oxide or mixed hydroxide as claimed in having a total pore volume as measured by nitrogen porosimetry of at least 0.25 cm/g but less than 1.0 cm/g after calcination at 800° C. for 2 hours.4. A mixed oxide or mixed hydroxide as claimed in having a total pore volume as measured by nitrogen porosimetry of greater than 0.15 cm/g but less than 1.0 cm/g after calcination at 1000° C. for 2 hours.5. A mixed oxide or mixed hydroxide as claimed in claim 1 , additionally comprising cerium and/or lanthanum.6. A mixed oxide or mixed hydroxide as claimed in comprising:(a) at least 60 wt % zirconia and/or zirconium hydroxide,(b) 10-25 wt % ceria and/or cerium hydroxide, and(c) 1-10 wt % lanthana and/or ...

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Номер записи: 11
07-11-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAR IN SYNGAS

Номер: US20130291437A1
Автор: Martella Michael Joseph, Zhang Dongke
Принадлежит: ANSAC PTY LTD

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus () for use in rarefying a syngas so as to improve a calorific value of the syngas through the reduction of a concentration of tar from the syngas. The apparatus () comprises a gasification/pyrolysis means () such as a kiln (), for generation of a flow of syngas from a raw material, and a cracking means (). The cracking means () comprising a body () having an insulated internal volume () adapted to hold a heated bed of char. The flow of syngas from the kiln () is directed through the cracking means () where it comes into contact with the heated bed of char. Heavy long-chained carbon based molecules within the syngas undergo a cracking reaction and are broken into constituent lighter carbon based molecules. The method and apparatus of the present invention provides a rarefied output flow of syngas having an improved calorific quality and a substantially reduced concentration of tar. 1. An apparatus for use in treating tar in a flow of syngas , the apparatus comprising a single stage pyrolysis means adapted to produce a flow of syngas from a raw material , the pyrolysis means being in gaseous communication with a cracking means , the cracking means having providing a flowpath between an inlet and an outlet through which the flow of syngas is caused to pass , characterized in that the flow of syngas passes along the flowpath and communicates with a carbonaceous material for undergoing a reaction to reduce a concentration of heavy long-chained carbon based molecules within the flow of syngas thereby improving a calorific value of the syngas.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the pyrolysis means comprises a kiln.3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the raw material comprises a biomass fuel.4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the carbonaceous material comprises char.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the carbonaceous ...

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Номер записи: 12
21-11-2013 дата публикации

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

Номер: US20130306913A1
Автор: Chun-zhu LI, Hongwei WU, Mohammad Asadullah, Xiaoshan WANG
Принадлежит: Curtin University of Technology

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

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Номер записи: 13
12-12-2013 дата публикации

Renewable Blended Natural Gas and Rock Wool Production from a Plasma-Based System

Номер: US20130326952A1
Автор: Juranitch James C., Juranitch Thomas R.
Принадлежит:

A method and system for cost effectively converting a feedstock using thermal plasma or other styles of gassifiers, into an energy transfer medium using a blended gaseous fuel. The feedstock can be any organic material or inorganic combination to generate a syngas. The syngas is blended with any fuel of a higher thermal content (BTU) than the syngas. The resulting blended high thermal content fuel is used on site or reinjected into the fuel supply pipe line. Rock wool and accessory heat are produced to increase the efficiency of the plant. 1. A method of extracting energy from a gassifier and delivering the energy to an energy transfer medium , the method comprising the steps of:extracting syngas from a gas product issued by the gassifier;delivering the extracted syngas to a fuel blending system; andproducing a blended fuel by mixing the syngas with a gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having a higher thermal (BTU) content than the syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is a plasma gassifier.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is an inductively heated gassifier.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gassifier is an inductively heated and plasma assisted gassifier.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein there is provided the further step of re-injecting the gas product into a gas main supply.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein there is provided the further step of delivering the gas product to a pre-gassifier to increase system efficiency.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein there is provided the further step of delivering reclaimed heat to the pre-gassifier.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the gaseous fuel includes any combination of natural gas claim 5 , butane claim 5 , propane claim 5 , pentane claim 5 , ethane claim 5 , and any other suitable gaseous fuel.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein there is further provided the step of controlling the thermal content of the blended fuel.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said step of controlling the ...

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Номер записи: 14
26-12-2013 дата публикации

Pretreatment of biomass using steam explosion methods

Номер: US20130341569A1
Автор: John T. Turner, Robert S. Ampulski, Wayne W. Simmons
Принадлежит: Sundrop Fuels Inc

An integrated plant that includes a steam explosion process unit and biomass gasifier to generate syngas from biomass. A steam explosion process unit applies a combination of heat, pressure, and moisture to the biomass to make the biomass into a moist fine particle form. The steam explosion process unit applies steam with a high pressure to heat and pressurize any gases and fluids present inside the biomass to internally blow apart the bulk structure of the biomass via a rapid depressurization of the biomass with the increased moisture content. Those produced moist fine particles of biomass are subsequently fed to a feed section of the biomass gasifier, which reacts the biomass particles in a rapid biomass gasification reaction to produce syngas components.

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Номер записи: 15
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Process for regulating joule value of offgases from plants for pig iron production or of synthesis gas

Номер: US20140007504A1
Автор: Jan-Friedemann Plaul, Robert Millner
Принадлежит: Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Austria

In a plant having integrated CO 2 removal, for pig iron production or synthesizing gas, at least part of the offgas or synthesis gas is discharged as export gas from the plant, optionally collected in an export gas container and subsequently thermally utilized in a gas turbine. The offgas from the gas turbine is fed to a waste heat boiler for generation of steam. To reduce the addition of high-grade fuel gases, at least part of the tailgas from the CO 2 removal plant is mixed into the export gas upstream of the gas turbine as a function of the joule value of the export gas after addition of the tailgas. The proportion of tailgas is increased when the joule value of the export gas goes above a predefined maximum joule value and the proportion of tailgas is reduced when the joule value of the export gas drops below a predefined minimum joule value.

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Номер записи: 16
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Gasification Method, Gasification System and Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle

Номер: US20140008913A1
Автор: AKIYAMA Tomoko, KISO Fumihiko
Принадлежит:

A method is provided for reducing an amount of steam to be introduced from the outside for a shift reaction in a coal gasification system. A coal gasification method for gasifying a fuel containing carbon, includes the steps of gasifying the fuel containing carbon by reacting the fuel with a gas containing oxygen; cooling a gas produced in the step of gasifying the fuel by spraying water into the produced gas; removing solid particles contained in the cooled produced gas; decomposing ammonia contained in the produced gas into Nand Hby bringing the produced gas, from which the solid particles have been removed, into contact with an ammonia decomposition catalyst; and converting a part of CO contained in the produced gas into COand Hby bringing the produced gas into contact with a shift catalyst. 1. A coal gasification method for gasifying a fuel containing carbon , comprising the steps of:gasifying the fuel containing carbon by reacting the fuel with a gas containing oxygen;cooling a gas produced in the step of gasifying the fuel by spraying water into the produced gas;removing solid particles contained in the cooled produced gas;{'sub': 2', '2, 'decomposing ammonia contained in the produced gas into Nand Hby bringing the produced gas, from which the solid particles have been removed, into contact with an ammonia decomposition catalyst; and'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'converting a part of CO contained in the produced gas into COand Hby bringing the produced gas into contact with a shift catalyst.'}2. The coal gasification method according to claim 1 ,wherein, in the step of cooling a gas produced in the step of gasifying the fuel by spraying water into the produced gas, an amount of the water to be sprayed is controlled to adjust a temperature of the cooled produced gas to be equal to or lower than an upper temperature limit of a filter to remove the solid particles contained in the produced gas and equal to or higher than a lowest operable temperature of the ammonia ...

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Номер записи: 17
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

Номер: US20140014878A1
Автор: Joe D. Allison, Kristi A. Fjare, Roland Schmidt, Uchenna Prince Paul
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

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Номер записи: 18
13-03-2014 дата публикации

GENERATING DEOXYGENATED PYROLYSIS VAPORS

Номер: US20140069010A1
Автор: Gorke Johnathan T., HUGHES Mark A., Jones Samuel T., Perkins Martin L., Rebacz Natalie A., Sadok Richard D., Shi Tie-Pan, Zhang Liang
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods and systems to prevent entrainment of particles of char and heat carrier with pyrolysis vapors leaving a reactor, while allowing rapid upgrading of the vapors by catalyst(s) that are held in a an upgrading reactor and protected from contact with the char. 1. A process for the production and upgrading of a pyrolysis product , comprising the steps of:(a) pyrolyzing a biomass feedstock in a first reactor comprising at least one auger that conveys the feedstock through the reactor from a first end towards a second end, wherein said pyrolyzing forms primary pyrolysis products comprising a primary gaseous product and char;(b) passing the primary gaseous product through a first outlet at or near the top of the first reactor and to a second reactor, wherein the primary gaseous product passing through the first outlet entrains less than 0.5 wt. % of the char produced by the pyrolyzing of step (a);(c) contacting the primary gaseous product with an upgrading catalyst;(d) removing the char from the first reactor via a second outlet located at or near the bottom of the first reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the primary gaseous product passes upward through a disengagement zone prior to leaving the first reactor via the first outlet claim 1 , wherein the terminal falling velocity of entrained char and heat carrier particles becomes greater than the upward local velocity of the primary gaseous product in the disengagement zone claim 1 , thereby causing at least 99.5 wt. % of the char and heat carrier particles to be retained in the first reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first outlet is located closer to the second end of the first reactor relative to the second outlet claim 1 , thereby decreasing entrainment of char in ...

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Номер записи: 19
13-03-2014 дата публикации

Generating deoxygenated pyrolysis vapors

Номер: US20140073823A1
Автор: Edgar LOTERO, Johnathan T. Gorke, Mark A. Hughes, Natalie A. Rebacz, Samuel T. Jones, Tie-Pan Shi
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors.

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Номер записи: 20
07-01-2016 дата публикации

CARBON MONOXIDE SHIFT REACTION APPARATUS AND CARBON MONOXIDE SHIFT CONVERSION METHOD

Номер: US20160002032A1
Автор: Abe Hyota, Sawata Akihiro, Seiki Yoshio, Tanaka Yukio, Yonemura Masanao
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A carbon monoxide (CO) Shift reaction apparatus and a CO shift conversion method are capable of increasing the service life of a CO shift catalyst and reducing loss of energy. The CC) shift reaction apparatus includes a plurality of CO shift reaction units in which a plurality of CO shift catalysts haying mutually different active-temperature regions are arranged in a gas flow direction. 1. A CO shift reaction apparatus comprising a CO shift reaction unit including a plurality of CO shift catalysts with mutually different active-temperature regions arranged in a gas flow direction , whereina Ni—Mo catalyst laving a first temperature region is arranged in an upstream portion of the CO shift reaction unit as the CO shift catalyst and a highly durable CO shift catalyst having a second temperature region is arranged in a downstream portion of the CO shift reaction unit as the CO shift catalyst.2. (canceled)3. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the CO shift reaction units is serially arranged.4. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to further comprising a line for circulating unreacted gas provided between the CO shift reaction units.5. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising a heat exchanger that cools gas after a shift reaction in the CO shift reaction unit to a temperature in the first temperature region.6. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the Ni—Mo catalyst includes an active component including molybdenum (Mo) as a main component and nickel (Ni) as an accessory component and is carried by one or two or more of titanium (Ti) claim 3 , zirconium (Zr) claim 3 , and cerium (Ce) that carry the active component.7. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the highly durable CO shift catalyst is a Co—Mo catalyst.8. The CO shift reaction apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the highly durable CO shift catalyst is a Ni—Mo catalyst.9. The CO ...

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Номер записи: 21
04-01-2018 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

Номер: US20180002248A1
Автор: Kelly Karen Sue, Melnichuk Larry Jack
Принадлежит:

A process to efficiently convert organic feedstock material into liquid non-oxygenated hydrocarbons in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range is disclosed. The process can utilize gaseous, liquid or solid organic feedstocks containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen. The feedstock may require preparation of the organic feedstock for the process and is converted first into a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then cleaned and conditioned and extraneous components removed, leaving substantially only the carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is then converted via a series of chemical reactions into the desired liquid hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine and may be regarded a replacement for petrol made from fossil fuels in the Cto Ccarbon backbone range. The process also recycles gaseous by-products back through the various reactors of the process to maximize the liquid hydrocarbon in the Cto Ccarbon skeleton range yield. 1. A process for producing a Cto Chydrocarbon fuel from organic material , comprising:a) applying a heat source to heat an organic feedstock and oxygen at substoichiometric conditions to a temperature sufficient for partial combustion of said organic feedstock to occur and then ceasing application of said heat source once partial combustion has commenced;b) partially combusting said organic feedstock so as to produce a synthesis gas stream, said synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;{'sub': '10', 'c) substantially removing unwanted solid and liquid matter comprising oxides, ash and hydrocarbons having a carbon skeleton of greater than Cfrom said synthesis gas stream to produce a first cleaned synthesis gas stream containing at least carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen;'}d) compressing said first cleaned synthesis gas stream and substantially removing water;e) conditioning and further cleaning the first cleaned ...

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Номер записи: 22
07-01-2016 дата публикации

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

Номер: US20160002547A1
Автор: BORUM Bryan C., CARRYER Benjamin H., ELROD Eric R., JIANG Weibin, MCCOMISH Bruce E., ROBERTSON Mark K., WEEKS Sim, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided. 1. A system for the production of synthesis gas , the system comprising:a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises at least one vessel configured for fluidization of the contents thereof via introduction thereto of a fluidization gas comprising at least one non-steam component;at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus and configured to prepare a carbonaceous material for introduction into the gasification apparatus; synthesis gas conditioning apparatus configured to produce a conditioned synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide that is different from the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the gasification product gas, to provide a conditioned synthesis gas having a reduced amount of at least one component relative to the ...

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Номер записи: 23
05-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20170002281A1
Автор: AASBERG-PETERSEN Kim, Christensen Peter Seier, Christensen Thomas Sandahl
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming in which tail gas from downstream Fischer-Tropsh synthesis is hydrogenated and then added to the autothermal reforming stage. 1. Process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising:a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock through an ATR, CPO or POx, and withdrawing a stream of hot effluent synthesis gas from the ATR, CPO or PDX,b) converting the synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,{'b': '1', 'c) passing tail gas from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis stage through a hydrogenation stage to produce a hydrogenated tail gas containing less than mol olefins, and'}d) adding the hydrogenated tail gas directly to said ATR, CPO or Pox;e) optionally recovering the liquid hydrocarbons produced.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas that has passed through at least one adiabatic pre-reforming stage.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas that has passed through at least one steam reforming stage.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas mixture resulting from dividing a raw hydrocarbon feed gas into two streams claim 1 , passing the first stream through at least one steam reforming stage to form a primary reformed gas claim 1 , using the second stream as a by-pass stream to said steam reforming stage claim 1 , and subsequently combining said primary reformed gas with the by-pass stream to form said hydrocarbon feedstock.5. Process according to claim 1 , comprising dividing a raw hydrocarbon feed gas into two streams claim 1 , by which one of the streams becomes said hydrocarbon feedstock claim 1 , and passing the other stream through at least one steam reforming stage to form a reformed gas.6. Process according to claim 3 , wherein the steam reforming stage is heat exchange reforming claim 3 , and where at least a portion ...

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Номер записи: 24
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Plasma-assisted method and system for treating raw syngas comprising tars

Номер: US20180002620A1
Автор: Andreas Tsangaris, Graeme Hay, Islam GOMAA, Marc Bacon
Принадлежит: Plasco Conversion Technologies Inc

The invention provides a system and method for conversion of raw syngas and tars into refined syngas, while optionally minimizing the parasitic losses of the process and maximizing the usable energy density of the product syngas. The system includes a reactor including a refining chamber for refining syngas comprising one or more inlets configured to promote at least two flow zones: a central zone where syngas and air/process additives flow in a swirling pattern for mixing and combustion in the high temperature central zone; at least one peripheral zone within the reactor which forms a boundary layer of a buffering flow along the reactor walls, (b) plasma torches that inject plasma into the central zone, and (c) air injection patterns that create a recirculation zone to promotes mixing between the high temperature products at the core reaction zone of the vessel and the buffering layer, wherein in the central zone, syngas and air/process additives mixture are ignited in close proximity to the plasma arc, coming into contact with each other, concurrently, at the entrance to the reaction chamber and method of using the system.

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Номер записи: 25
07-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS PRODUCTS AND POWER

Номер: US20160003480A1
Автор: BORUM Bryan C., CARRYER Benjamin H., ELROD Eric R., IBSEN Mark D., JIANG Weibin, MCCOMISH Bruce E., ROBERTSON Mark K., WEEKS Sim, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A gasification system including a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas, and power production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both. A method for operating the system is also provided. 1. A gasification system comprising:a gasifier operable to produce, from a carbonaceous feedstock, a gasification product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to produce Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and a Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the gasification product gas; andpower production apparatus configured to generate power from a second portion of the gasification product gas, at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or both.2. The system of optionally comprising conditioning apparatus configured to alter the composition of the gasification product gas claim 1 , and further comprising:(a) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; or both; and(b) a fluid connection between the gasifier and the power production apparatus; a fluid connection between the synthesis gas conditioning apparatus and the power production apparatus; or both.3. The system of further comprising product upgrading apparatus configured to alter the composition of at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products.4. The system of wherein the product upgrading apparatus is configured to provide at least one product selected from the group consisting of primarily naphtha products and primarily diesel ...

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Номер записи: 26
14-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OXIDATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS TAR

Номер: US20160010008A1
Автор: Feldmann Herman
Принадлежит:

A method is provided for removing tar from a gas by contacting a first gas containing tar with a second gas containing oxygen for time period sufficient to effect oxidation of at least a portion of the tar in the first gas, thus producing an oxidized product gas that contains less tar than the first gas. The method can also include heating a fluidized particulate material in a combustor, introducing the heated fluidized particulate material from the combustor and a biomass feedstock into a gasifier, such that heat from the heated fluidized particulate material causes the gasification of at least a portion of the biomass feedstock to form a tar-containing product gas, the first gas may contain at least a portion of the tar-containing gas, and the tar-containing gas may be extracted from the gasifier prior to contacting the first gas with the second gas. 1. A method for removing tar from a gas , the method comprising:contacting a first gas comprising tar with a second gas comprising oxygen for time period sufficient to effect oxidation of at least a portion of the tar in the first gas, thus producing an oxidized product gas that comprises less tar than the first gas.2. The method of further comprising heating a fluidized particulate material in a combustor claim 1 , introducing the heated fluidized particulate material from the combustor and a biomass feedstock into a gasifier claim 1 , wherein heat from the heated fluidized particulate material causes the gasification of at least a portion of the biomass feedstock to form a tar-containing product gas claim 1 , wherein the first gas comprises at least a portion of the tar-containing gas claim 1 , and wherein the tar-containing gas is extracted from the gasifier prior to contacting the first gas comprising tar with the second gas comprising oxygen.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluidized particulate material comprises sand.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second gas is selected from the group consisting ...

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Номер записи: 27
10-01-2019 дата публикации

A METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVING TAR

Номер: US20190010412A1
Автор: Moghtaderi Behdad, Shah Kapit
Принадлежит: University of Newcastle

The present invention provides a method () and system for the removal of tar from a synthesis gas () using a chemical loop (). A first reactor () is fed with mineral particles and the synthesis gas. The mineral particles catalyse the tar in the synthesis gas to produce a mixture comprising hydrogen and a mineral carbonate. A second reactor () is fed with oxygen and the mineral carbonate. The oxygen reacts with the mineral carbonate to produce a flue gas () comprising carbon dioxide and mineral particles, which are then separated and the mineral particles are recycled to the first reactor. 1. A method for removing tar from a synthesis gas , comprising:feeding the synthesis gas into a first reactor;feeding mineral particles into the first reactor;catalysing tar in the synthesis gas with the mineral particles to produce a mixture comprising hydrogen and a mineral carbonate;feeding the mineral carbonate into a second reactor;feeding oxygen into the second reactor to react with the mineral carbonate and produce a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and mineral particles;separating the carbon dioxide from the mineral particles; andrecycling the mineral particles to the first reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reforming carbon from the mixture.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbon is reformed in the presence of steam.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the carbon reforming step comprises directing the mixture to a first chamber and feeding steam into the first chamber.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the temperature of the steam in the first chamber is between 450° C. and 800° C.6. The method of or claim 4 , wherein the pressure of the steam in the first chamber is between 1 bar and 100 bar.7. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 4 , further comprising passing the mineral particles through a gas to reactivate the mineral particles.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the gas comprises steam.9. The method of or claim 7 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 28
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Process for converting of methane steam reforming syngas with co2

Номер: US20170015549A1
Автор: Aghaddin Kh. Mammadov, Clark David REA, Shahid Shaikh
Принадлежит: Saudi Basic Industries Corp

In an embodiment, a process of making C 2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650° C.; and converting the product syngas to C 2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H 2 :CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H 2 :CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.

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Номер записи: 29
21-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20160016793A1
Автор: Nataraj Shankar, Peng Xiang-Dong, Repasky John Michael, Wang Shoou-I
Принадлежит:

Reactive diluent fluid () is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or “syngas”) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (“PDX”) reactor () to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted () with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit () such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

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Номер записи: 30
16-01-2020 дата публикации

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION AND ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

Номер: US20200017422A1
Автор: KRAMER Andrew, LAMONT David, SEABA James
Принадлежит:

Aspects of the invention relate to improvements in the flexibility with which oxygen and hydrogen, for example from electrolysis, may be supplied to processes having both gasification and methanation steps, as well as improvements in how such processes may be operated in response to variations in carbonaceous feeds. Offsets, between the ideal quantity of hydrogen and the quantity available from a given source may be compensated for by adjusting one or more operations of the process, and in particular such operation(s) that ultimately impact the quantity of CO and/or COavailable downstream of the gasifier for conversion to methane in an RNG product stream. 1. A process for producing methane , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'in a gasifier, contacting a carbonaceous feed with an oxygen-containing gasifier feed to provide a gasifier effluent comprising CO, COand H;'}{'sub': '2', 'in a methanation reactor, reacting electrolysis hydrogen, obtained from an electrolyzer, with at least a portion of the CO and/or COin the gasifier effluent to form methane,'}{'sub': '2', 'adjusting an operation of the process, affecting a methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or a methanation reactor inlet COconcentration, in response to a makeup quantity of the electrolysis hydrogen.'}2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a methane product as claim 1 , or recovering the methane product from claim 1 , a methanation reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the operation of the process claim 1 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 1 , (i) consumes or produces CO or COin the process claim 1 , or (ii) adds or removes CO or COin the process.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the operation of the process claim 3 , affecting the methanation reactor inlet CO concentration or the methanation reactor inlet COconcentration claim 3 , is a sour shift operation that consumes CO and ...

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Номер записи: 31
16-01-2020 дата публикации

System for generating power from a syngas fermentation process

Номер: US20200017784A1
Автор: Graeme Parker, Kim OCFEMIA, Peter S. Bell, Stephen John Benstead
Принадлежит: Jupeng Bio Inc

A system and process is provided for generating power from a syngas fermentation process. The process includes contacting hot syngas having a temperature above about 1400° F. with cooled syngas to produce a pre-cooled syngas having a temperature of 1400° F. or less at an inlet of a waste heat boiler. A waste heat boiler receives the pre-cooled syngas and is effective for producing waste heat boiler high pressure steam and a cooled syngas.

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Номер записи: 32
28-01-2016 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS

Номер: US20160024405A1
Автор: KYLE RONALD
Принадлежит:

A method of converting carbon containing compounds such as coal, methane or other hydrocarbons into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a high pressure, high temperature reactor which operates upon a blend of a carbon compound including COand a carbon source, a catalyst, and steam. Microwave power is directed into the reactor. The catalyst, preferably magnetite, will act as a heating media for the microwave power and the temperature of the reactor will rise to a level to efficiently convert the carbon and steam into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for simultaneously consuming carbon dioxide and generating petroleum products , the method comprising:(a) introducing particles of a catalytic material, absorbent of microwave energy, into a higher-temperature portion of a reaction vessel;(b) introducing coal particles into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(c) introducing steam into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(d) introducing carbon dioxide into the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel;(e) irradiating the higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel with microwave energy absorbed by the catalytic material in the reactor so as to heat the catalytic material and drive an endothermic reaction of the coal and the steam, catalyzed by the catalytic material, that produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein (i) at least a portion of the hydrogen reacts with the carbon dioxide to produce water and carbon monoxide and (ii) at least a portion of the hydrogen undergoes exothermic reactions with the carbon monoxide, catalyzed by the catalytic material, to produce multiple petroleum products;(f) cooling a lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, thereby establishing a temperature gradient within the reaction vessel wherein the irradiated higher-temperature portion of the reaction vessel exhibits a higher temperature than the cooled lower-temperature portion of the reaction vessel, ...

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Номер записи: 33
17-04-2014 дата публикации

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Номер: US20140107234A1
Автор: James R. Jones, Jr., Peter G. Tiverios, Stephen H. Lucas
Принадлежит: Fulcrum Bioenergy Inc

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

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Номер записи: 34
24-04-2014 дата публикации

Biomass converter and methods

Номер: US20140110242A1
Автор: David Pehota, Robert Hawkins
Принадлежит: Canadian Agrichar Inc

A tubular reactor useful for converting biomass to char has walls projecting into its interior. The walls are hollow. Cavities in the walls are in fluid connection with the outside of the reactor by way of openings. The reactor may be deployed in a furnace chamber. Hot gases from the furnace chamber may enter the cavities through the openings to heat the walls from within. Biomass may be pyrolized as it passes along the reactor.

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Номер записи: 35
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Catalytic hot-gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors

Номер: US20210024829A1
Автор: Andrew Nolan WILSON, Braden Hamilton PETERSON, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Kimberly A. MAGRINI
Принадлежит: Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a filter element and a catalyst, where the filter element is configured to remove particulate from a stream that includes at least one of a gas and/or a vapor to form a filtered stream of the gas and/or the vapor, the catalyst is configured to receive the filtered stream and react a compound in the filtered stream to form an upgraded stream of the gas and/or the vapor, further including an upgraded compound, and both the filter element and the catalyst are configured to be substantially stable at temperatures up to about 500° C.

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Номер записи: 36
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Vapor Phase Catalytic Reactor for Upgarde of Fuels Produced by Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Номер: US20160032196A1
Автор: "OBrian Michael A.", Abdullah Zia, Benecke Herman P., Chadwell G. Bradley, Dvorsky James E., Flamberg Stephanie, Garbark Daniel B., MATHIS James E., Smith Russell K., Taha Rachid, WINECKI SLAWOMIR
Принадлежит:

Vapor phase catalytic reactors and methods for using the same for upgrade of fuels produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass are disclosed. 1103-. (canceled)104. A biofuel production system , comprising:a catalytic vapor phase reactor (VPR);a pyrolysis reactor operatively connected to the catalytic VPR;a quench system operatively connected to the catalytic VPR;a water gas shift reactor operatively connected to the quench system; anda hydrotreatment system operatively connected to the quench system.1051. The biofuel production system of claim , the pyrolysis reactor being configured to pyrolyze a biomass to produce a pyrolysis vapor and char , the system further comprising a char removal system configured to remove the char from the pyrolysis reactor.1061. The biofuel production system of claim , further comprising a heater operatively coupled to the pyrolysis reactor , the heater being configured to at least one of internally and externally heat pyrolysis reactor to a temperature between about 300° C. and about 600° C.107. The biofuel production system of claim 106 , the heater comprising one or more of a resistive heating element claim 106 , a combustor claim 106 , a heat exchanger claim 106 , or a microwave generator.1081. The biofuel production system of claim claim 106 , the catalytic VPR comprising a catalyst comprising one or more of: a granulated catalyst; a powdered catalyst; a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC); fresh FCC; spent FCC; catalyst impregnated on top of the fresh FCC; catalyst impregnated on top of the spent FCC;the granulated catalyst characterized by a granule size between about 50 μm and about 100 μm;the granulated catalyst characterized by a size distribution of granules, a substantial fraction of the size distribution being greater than about 20 μm; anda catalyst selected to catalyze at least one of: deoxygenation, cracking, water-gas shift, and hydrocarbon formation.1091. The biofuel production system of claim claim 106 , the pyrolysis ...

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Номер записи: 37
04-02-2016 дата публикации

CO SHIFT CATALYST, CO SHIFT REACTION APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING GASIFIED GAS

Номер: US20160032202A1
Автор: Abe Hyota, Higashino Koji, Sawata Akihiro, Seiki Yoshio, Tanaka Yukio, Yasutake Toshinobu, Yonemura Masanao, Yoshida Kaori
Принадлежит: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst has one of molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component and has an active ingredient having one of nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and one or two or more kinds of oxides from among titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) for supporting the active ingredient as a support. The temperature at the time of manufacturing and firing the catalyst is equal to or higher than 550° C. 1. A CO shift catalyst which reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas ,has molybdenum (Mo) or iron (Fe) as a main component,has an active ingredient having nickel (Ni) or ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory component and a complex oxide including two or more kinds from among titanium (Ti), and silica (Si), for supporting the active ingredient as a support, and formed by firing them at a temperature from 550° C. to 800° C.2. The CO shift catalyst according to claim 1 ,wherein a support amount of the main component of the active ingredient is 0.1 to 25 percent by weight, and a support amount of the accessory component is 0.01 to 10 percent by weight.3. A CO shift reaction apparatus comprising the CO shift catalyst according to .4. A method for purifying gasified gas claim 1 , comprising:a step of removing smoke and dust in gasified gas obtained by a gasification furnace by a filter;a step of clarifying the gasified gas after removal of smoke and dust by a wet scrubber apparatus;a step of removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the gasified gas after clarification; and{'sub': '2', 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a step of obtaining purified gas by performing the CO shift reaction for converting CO in the gasified gas after removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into COby using the CO shift catalyst according to .'} The present invention relates to a CO shift catalyst for converting CO in gasified gas into CO, a CO shift reaction ...

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Номер записи: 38
17-02-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT

Номер: US20220048775A1
Автор: BERENDS Robert Hugo, POST VAN DER BURG Robin Pieter
Принадлежит: TORRGAS TECHNOLOGY B.V.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product by pyrolysis or mild gasification of a solid biomass feed thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed. The solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed. The pyrolysis or mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes. 116.-. (canceled)17. A process to prepare a char product the method comprising mild gasification of a solid biomass feed ,thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed;wherein the solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed having a content of volatiles of between 50 and 75 wt %; andwherein the mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes and in the presence of oxygen and steam.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the mild gasification is performed in an elongated reactor wherein the biomass is continuously transported from a solids inlet at one end of an elongated reactor to a solids outlet at the other end of the elongated reactor.19. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the solid biomass feed is subjected to a mild gasification by contacting the solid biomass feed with an oxygen comprising gas and wherein the amount of oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.3 mass oxygen per mass biomass.20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the oxygen comprising gas is air.21. The ...

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Номер записи: 39
05-02-2015 дата публикации

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Номер: US20150034876A9
Автор: Philip Shires, Siva Ariyapadi
Принадлежит: Kellogg Brown and Root LLC

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

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Номер записи: 40
30-01-2020 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

Номер: US20200032150A1
Автор: KRESNYAK Steve, ZAHORIK Pavel
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

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Номер записи: 41
30-01-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONTINUOUS COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

Номер: US20200032152A1
Автор: MOURA BORDADO João Carlos, MOUTINHO E HENRIQUES GONCALO Paulo Eduardo DE MENESES, QUINTÃO DUARTE SILVA Francisco Diogo
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a method of optimization for continuous combustion systems, which reduces fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and particulate matter. The operating principle is based on the introduction of small amounts of hydrogen in the fuel intake duct of the system, or preferably along the continuous burning chamber, with the aim of optimizing the burning of traditional fuels, improving the parameters of the combustion reaction, the effect of the process in question will increase the temperature of the walls of the chamber, ensuring re-ignition and a more complete combustion and consequently reducing the required fuel flow feed. This optimized combustion will increase the combustion efficiency and reduce its environmental impact. 1. Method for increasing the efficiency of continuous combustion systems characterized by being non-stoichiometric and by:a. Introduction of a quantity of hydrogen, in relation to the main fuel, between 0.0001% and 1% of the total volume of gases;b. The control of the introduction of hydrogen is made in cascading and function of the contents of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide, measured continuously in the effluent gas mixture.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by the amount of hydrogen to introduce is between 0.001 and 0.1% (v/V) of the total volume of gases.3. Method according to characterized by occurring in continuous furnace.4. Method according to characterized by the hydrogen entry points in continuous firing chamber are:a. in the air fuel transport; orb. in which the temperature profile in quasi stationary state, auto ignite the hydrogen; orc. points where there is occurrence of pneumatic transport of particles only incandescent.5. Method according to where admission of hydrogen can be made discontinuously claim 1 , in one or more entry points from the continuous burning chamber claim 1 , by means of pipes fitted with non-return valve claim 1 , as well as a system of controlled supply ...

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Номер записи: 42
01-02-2018 дата публикации

FUEL CELL INTEGRATION WITHIN A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR

Номер: US20180034089A1
Автор: Barckholtz Timothy Andrew, Berlowitz Paul J., Hershkowitz Frank
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for incorporating molten carbonate fuel cells into a heat recovery steam generation system (HRSG) for production of electrical power while also reducing or minimizing the amount of COpresent in the flue gas exiting the HRSG. An optionally multi-layer screen or wall of molten carbonate fuel cells can be inserted into the HRSG so that the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells substantially fills the cross-sectional area. By using the walls of the HRSG and the screen of molten carbonate fuel cells to form a cathode input manifold, the overall amount of duct or flow passages associated with the MCFCs can be reduced. 112.-. (canceled)13. A heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”) for producing electricity using an integrated molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode , the HRSG comprising:an enclosure that forms a flow path that extends between an inlet that receives a gas flow and an outlet that exhausts at least a portion of the received gas flow;one or more heat exchangers extending into the flow path; anda fuel cell screen located within the enclosure and comprising a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells having cathode inlets, the fuel cell screen being oriented in the flow path so that the cathode inlets of the molten carbonate fuel cells receive substantially all of the received gas flow, the plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells also having a plurality of cathode outlets fluidly exposed to the flow path to discharge cathode exhaust to the flow path.14. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a duct burner located within the HRSG and upstream from the one or more heat exchangers.15. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein the fuel cell screen is located in the flow path downstream from a first heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers and upstream from a second heat exchanger of the one or more heat exchangers.16. The HRSG of claim 13 , wherein a first cross ...

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Номер записи: 43
05-02-2015 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TAR REMOVAL FROM SYNGAS

Номер: US20150037229A1
Автор: Bell Peter Simpson, Descales Bernard, Eyraud Julien, Golab Joseph, Ko Ching-Whan
Принадлежит: INEOS BIO SA

A process and apparatus are provided for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas. The process includes contacting the tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture. The gas mixture is passed through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds. In this aspect, at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas.

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Номер записи: 44
09-02-2017 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Circulating Fluidized Bed Syngas Cooling

Номер: US20170038152A1
Автор: Guan Xiaofeng, Liu Guohai, Peng WanWang, Vimalchand Pannalal
Принадлежит:

A method and apparatus for cooling hot gas streams in the temperature range 800° C. to 1600° C. using multi-stage circulating fluid bed (CFB) coolers is disclosed. The invention relates to cooling the hot syngas from coal gasifiers in which the hot syngas entrains substances that foul, erode and corrode heat transfer surfaces upon contact in conventional coolers. The hot syngas is cooled by extracting and indirectly transferring heat to heat transfer surfaces with circulating inert solid particles in CFB syngas coolers. The CFB syngas coolers are staged to facilitate generation of steam at multiple conditions and hot boiler feed water that are necessary for power generation in an IGCC process. The multi-stage syngas cooler can include internally circulating fluid bed coolers, externally circulating fluid bed coolers and hybrid coolers that incorporate features of both internally and externally circulating fluid bed coolers. 1. A multi-stage syngas cooler system for cooling high temperature syngas from a coal gasifier , the system comprising:a dense fluid bed with a cooling system in communication with an inlet syngas stream; andmultiple stages of internally circulating fluidized bed coolers in series.2. The multi-stage syngas cooler system of claim 1 , wherein the syngas is successively cooled in different stages to temperatures appropriate for generating desired steam and boiler feedwater conditions with heat transfer surfaces imbedded in fluidized and internally circulating beds.3. The multi-stage syngas cooler system of further comprising:a riser where the syngas mixes and transfer heat energy to circulating bed of solids;a disengagement section to disengage the syngas from the circulating bed of solids;an annular space for circulating solids to flow down and transfer heat to imbedded heat transfer surfaces;an aeration and seal mechanism to control the flow of circulating solids into the riser section; anda cone section that facilitates internal solids ...

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Номер записи: 45
18-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160045861A1
Автор: AASBERG-PETERSEN Kim, Christensen Peter Seier, Christensen Thomas Sandahl
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming in which tail gas from downstream Fischer-Tropsh synthesis is hydrogenated and then added to the autothermal reforming stage. 1. A method for reducing metal dusting in an apparatus , said apparatus containing an off-gas , said method comprising the removal of olefins from said off-gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein olefins are removed by hydrogenation thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is an ATR claim 1 , CPO or POx.4. A method of using a gas free of olefins for the reduction of metal dusting of the metal parts of an apparatus in direct contact with said gas.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the apparatus in direct contact with the gas is an ATR claim 4 , CPO or POx.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the gas is a tail gas from a Fischer Tropsch synthesis.7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the gas free of olefins is obtained by hydrogenation of said olefins to alkanes. This is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/129,244, filed on Jan. 31, 2014, which is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2012/061809, filed on Jun. 20, 2012, which claims priority to Denmark Application No. PA 2011 00485, filed on Jun. 29, 2011, European Application No. 11009101.4, filed on Nov. 26, 2011, and Denmark Application No. PA 2011 00947, filed on Dec. 6, 2011.The present invention relates to a process for the production of synthesis gas used for the production of hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The invention relates in particular to a process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming in which tail gas from a downstream process, in particular Fischer-Tropsh synthesis, is hydrogenated and then added to the autothermal reforming. In a more general aspect the invention encompasses the removal of olefins in a gas to reduce metal dusting of metal parts in contact with the gas, ...

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Номер записи: 46
18-02-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REFORMING HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20160046488A1
Автор: AASBERG-PETERSEN Kim, Christensen Peter Seier, Christensen Thomas Sandahl
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of synthesis gas by the use of autothermal reforming in which tail gas from downstream Fischer-Tropsh synthesis is hydrogenated and then added to the autothermal reforming stage. 1. A process for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock with reduced metal dusting in at least the burner parts of an autothermal reformer (ATR) , catalytic partial oxidation reactor (CPO) , or partial oxidation reactor (POx) , the process comprising the steps of:passing said hydrocarbon feedstock through an ATR, CPO or POx, and withdrawing a stream of hot effluent synthesis gas from the ATR, CPO or POx;passing tail gas from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis stage through a hydrogenation stage to produce a hydrogenated tail gas; andadding the hydrogenated tail gas directly to said ATR, CPO or POx.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas that has passed through at least one adiabatic pre-reforming stage.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas that has passed through at least one steam reforming stage.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feedstock is a gas mixture resulting from dividing a raw hydrocarbon feed gas into two streams claim 1 , passing the first stream through at least one steam reforming stage to form a primary reformed gas claim 1 , using the second stream as a by-pass stream to said steam reforming stage claim 1 , and subsequently combining said primary reformed gas with the by-pass stream to form said hydrocarbon feedstock.5. The process according to claim 1 , comprising dividing a raw hydrocarbon feed gas into two streams claim 1 , by which one of the streams becomes said hydrocarbon feedstock claim 1 , and passing the other stream through at least one steam reforming stage to form a reformed gas.6. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the steam reforming stage is heat exchange reforming claim 3 , and where at least a ...

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Номер записи: 47
14-02-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR REVAMPING AN AMMONIA PLANT

Номер: US20190047852A1
Автор: PACH John David, PARK Colin William
Принадлежит:

A method is described for revamping an ammonia production facility said ammonia production facility having a front end comprising one or more reformers fed with a hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate and a high-temperature shift reactor fed with a reformed gas obtained from said one or more reformers and containing a fixed bed of iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst, said front end operating at a first steam- to-carbon ratio and a first pressure drop, said method comprising the steps of (i) replacing the iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst with a low-steam water-gas shift catalyst to form a modified front end, (ii) operating the modified front end at a second steam-to-carbon ratio and a second pressure drop, wherein the second steam-to-carbon ratio is at least 0.2 less than the first steam-to-carbon ratio and the second pressure drop is less than the first pressure drop, and (iii) increasing the hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate to said one or more reformers. 1. A method for revamping an ammonia production facility ,. said ammonia production facility having a front end comprising:(a) one or more reformers fed with a hydrocarbon feedstock at a hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate; and (i) replacing the iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst with a low-steam water-gas shift catalyst to form a modified front end,', '(ii) operating the modified front end at a second steam-to-carbon ratio and a second pressure drop, wherein the second steam-to-carbon ratio is at least 0.2 less than the first steam-to-carbon ratio and the second pressure drop is less than the first pressure drop, and', '(iii) increasing the hydrocarbon feed stock feed rate to said one or more reformers., '(b) a high-temperature shift reactor fed with a reformed gas obtained from said one or more reformers and containing a fixed bed of iron-containing water-gas shift catalyst, said front end operating at a first steam-to-carbon ratio and a first pressure drop, said method ...

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Номер записи: 48
25-02-2016 дата публикации

Methanation Catalyst

Номер: US20160052837A1
Автор: Armando Borgna, Hiroyuki Kamata, Luwei Chen, Yoshinori Izumi, Zhi Qun Tian
Принадлежит: IHI Corp

The invention relates to use of a catalyst comprising particles of nickel dispersed in a porous silica matrix for catalysing a methanation reaction. There is also described a method for methanation of a feedstock at least comprising gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen, said method comprising contacting the feedstock with the catalyst.

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Номер записи: 49
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Method for Operating Fuel Gas Manufacturing Device

Номер: US20200048570A1
Автор: Hidaka ASONUMA, Takaya Kanda, Tsubasa Shimizu
Принадлежит: Osaka Gas Co Ltd

Provided is a method for operating a fuel gas manufacturing device for stopping the operation in such a manner that the operation can be immediately resumed, while keeping facilities from becoming complex. When stopping the operation while supply of source gas to a desulfurizing unit is stopped, after supply of source gas to the desulfurizing unit and discharge of fuel gas to the outside are stopped, a standby operation process is performed in which fuel gas is circulated by a circulation driving unit in such a manner that the whole amount of fuel gas passed through a moisture removing unit is circulated through a circulation gas path to return to the desulfurizing unit and the circulated fuel gas is heated by a heating unit to a set standby temperature to heat a reforming unit to a temperature that is equivalent to an operation temperature at which reforming is performed, and supply of water vapor is continued in a state where a supply amount of water vapor is at least an amount with which carbon deposition due to thermal decomposition of fuel gas can be prevented and is smaller than an amount that is supplied when reforming is performed.

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Номер записи: 50
15-05-2014 дата публикации

Method And System For Production Of Hydrogen And Carbon Monoxide

Номер: US20140130415A1
Автор: Chan Siu-wai
Принадлежит: The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York

A method for preparing a fuel using oxygen-storing compound nanoparticles is provided, in which the nanoparticles is heated at a first temperature to release an amount of oxygen, thereby producing a reduced oxide compound, and the reduced oxide compound is exposed to a gas at a second temperature to produce the fuel. The gas can include carbon dioxide and water vapor, and the fuel can include carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen. The oxygen-storing compound nanoparticles can be nano ceria or nano ceria doped with one or more metals, such as Cu and/or Zr. A system for carrying out the method is also disclosed. 1. A method for preparing a fuel from an oxygen-storing compound in the form of nanoparticles , comprising:heating the nanoparticles at a first temperature to release an amount of oxygen, thereby producing a reduced oxide compound; andexposing the reduced oxide compound to a gas at a second temperature to produce the fuel, wherein the gas is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide and water vapor.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the second temperature to be less than the first temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the first temperature to be about 700° C. or lower.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the first temperature to be about 450° C. or lower.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the first temperature to be about 150° C. to about 300° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel comprises at least one of carbon monoxide and molecular hydrogen.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-storing compound comprises cerium oxide.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-storing compound comprises cerium oxide doped with a transition metal or an oxide thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-storing compound comprises a cerium oxide doped with a rare earth metal or an oxide thereof.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the transition metal ...

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Номер записи: 51
15-05-2014 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PURIFICATION AND CONDITIONING OF CRUDE SYNGAS BASED ON PROPERTIES OF MOLTEN SALTS

Номер: US20140131621A1
Автор: Li Haibin, Liu Anqi, Wang Xiaobo, Wu Hongxiang, Zhao Zengli
Принадлежит: GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF ENERGY CONVERSION, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

A method for purification and conditioning of crude syngas based on properties of molten salts, includes removing particles at a high-temperature by enabling the high-temperature crude syngas produced by a gasification device to firstly pass through a high-temperature particle removal device to remove solid particles in the gas; removing hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen by introducing an oxidant into the crude syngas after treatment, selectively removing the hydrocarbons in the crude syngas and simultaneously utilizing high temperature produced by oxidation of the hydrocarbons to crack tar; and removing gas pollutants and conditioning by introducing the obtained crude syngas into molten salts medium, removing pollutants containing sulfur and chlorine in the crude syngas, and simultaneously adjusting the H/CO ratio of the syngas to obtain purified syngas. 1. A new method for purification and conditioning of crude syngas based on properties of molten salts , comprising the following steps:(1) removing particles at a high-temperature by enabling the high-temperature crude syngas produced by a gasification device to firstly pass through a high-temperature particle removal device to remove solid particles in the gas;(2) removing hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen by introducing an oxidant into the crude syngas after treatment in said step (1), selectively removing the hydrocarbons in the crude syngas and simultaneously utilizing high temperature produced by oxidation of the hydrocarbons to crack tar; and{'sub': '2', '(3) removing gas pollutants and conditioning by introducing the crude syngas obtained in said step (2) into molten salts medium, removing pollutants containing sulfur and chlorine in the crude syngas, and simultaneously adjusting the H/CO ratio of the syngas to obtain purified syngas.'}2. The new method for purification and conditioning of the crude syngas based on the properties of the molten salts according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidant in ...

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Номер записи: 52
03-03-2016 дата публикации

REFORMED GAS AS FUEL FOR PRIMARY REFORMER DURING STARTUP

Номер: US20160060553A1
Автор: Alhammad Ali Essa, Khurram Shehzada
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for recovery of reformed gas produced in a methanol plant during startup. In one aspect, the method for recovery of a reformed gas produced in a methanol plant during startup comprising: a) decreasing the temperature of the methanol plant reformed gas comprising (1) water in an amount no greater than 2.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the reformed gas, (2) methane in an amount that ranges from 1 wt % to 8 wt %, based on the total weight of the reformed gas, (3) hydrogen, (4) nitrogen, (5) carbon dioxide, and (6) carbon monoxide, to remove at least some of the water from the reformed gas; and b) using the water removed reformed gas as fuel in a steam reformer. 1. A method for recovery of a reformed gas produced in a methanol plant during startup comprising:a) decreasing the temperature of the methanol plant reformed gas comprising (1) water in an amount no greater than 2.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the reformed gas, (2) methane in an amount that ranges from 1 wt % to 8 wt %, based on the total weight of the reformed gas, (3) hydrogen, (4) nitrogen, (5) carbon dioxide, and (6) carbon monoxide, to remove at least some of the water from the reformed gas; andb) using the water removed reformed gas as fuel in a steam reformer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reformed gas comprises hydrogen is present in an amount ranging from 50 wt % to 92.9 wt % hydrogen based on the total weight of the reformed gas; water is present in an amount ranging from 0 wt % to 2.5 wt % based on the total weight of the reformed gas; nitrogen is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the reformed gas; carbon monoxide is present in an amount ranging from 5 wt % to 20 wt % based on the total weight of the reformed gas; carbon dioxide is present in an amount ranging from 1 wt % to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the reformed gas; and methane is present in an amount ranging from 1 ...

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Номер записи: 53
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Номер: US20180057762A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Rich Lewis L., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит:

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

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Номер записи: 54
02-03-2017 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING H2-RICH SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20170057818A1
Автор: Kuhl Olaf
Принадлежит:

A method for producing ¾-rich synthesis gas comprises the following steps: decomposing a hydrocarbon-containing fluid into an H/C-aerosol in a first hydrocarbon converter by supplying energy which is at least partly provided in the form of heat; introducing at least a first stream of the H/C-aerosol into a first sub-process which comprises the following steps: directing at least a part of the H/C-aerosol from the first hydrocarbon converter into a first C-converter; introducing COinto the first C-converter and mixing the COwith the H/C-aerosol introduced into the first C-converter; converting the mixture of H/C-aerosol and COinto a synthesis gas at a temperature of 800 to 1700° C.; mixing additional Hwith the synthesis gas for the production of H-rich synthesis gas. In a second sub-process running in parallel with the first sub-process, hydrogen Hand carbon dioxide COare produced from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, wherein at least a portion of the COproduced in the second sub-process is introduced into the first C-converter; and wherein at least a portion of the Hproduced in the second sub-process is mixed with the synthesis gas from the first C-converter. The COwhich is needed for the conversion of C in the first C-converter can thereby be provided independently of an external source, and the entire operational sequence is easily controllable. 117- (canceled)18. A method for producing H-rich synthesis gas comprising the following steps:{'sub': '2', 'b': 9', '9, 'decomposing a hydrocarbon-containing fluid into an H/C-aerosol in a first hydrocarbon converter (, ′) by supplying energy which is at least partly provided in the form of heat;'}{'sub': '2', 'introducing at least a first stream of the H/C aerosol into a first sub-process which comprises the following steps{'sub': '2', 'b': 9', '9', '14, 'directing at least a part of the H/C-aerosol from the first hydrocarbon converter (, ′) into a first C converter ().'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'b': 14', '14, 'introducing ...

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Номер записи: 55
02-03-2017 дата публикации

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20170058222A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Rich Lewis L., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит: FULCRUM BIOENERGY, INC.

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock. 1. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.3. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock , the high biogenic content fuel comprising:at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.5. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.6. A high ...

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Номер записи: 56
12-03-2015 дата публикации

BLAST FURNACE WITH TOP-GAS RECYCLE

Номер: US20150068364A1
Автор: BECERRA-NOVOA Jorge-Octavio, Duarte-Escareno Pablo-Enrique, Garza-Davila José-Carlos
Принадлежит: HYL TECHNOLOGIES, S.A. DE C.V.

A blast furnace where coke is combusted with oxygen, instead of air, and where a top gas comprising CO, CO, H, and without excess nitrogen is withdrawn from the upper part of the blast furnace, cleaned of dust, the H/CO volume ratio adjusted to between 1.5 to 4.0 in a water shift reactor, water and COare removed (increasing its reduction potential), heated to a temperature above 850° C. and fed back to the blast furnace above where iron starts melting (thereby increasing the amount of metallic iron reaching the dead-man zone and decreasing the amount of coke used for reduction). Also carbon deposit problems caused by heating the CO-containing recycled gas are minimized by on-line cleaning of the heater tubes with steam without significantly affecting the reduction potential of the recycled reducing gas. 1. Method of producing molten iron in a blast furnace to which iron ore , metallurgical coke and fluxes are charged at its upper part and molten iron and slag are tapped from its lower part , said blast furnace having a plurality of tuyeres in its lower part for introducing an oxygen-containing gas for generating heat and reducing gases by combustion of the coke within said furnace characterized by:feeding oxygen instead of air through the tuyeres of said blast furnace;{'sub': 2', '2, 'withdrawing a top gas stream comprising CO, COand H;'}cleaning the top gas stream of dust and{'sub': '2', 'adjusting the volume ratio of H/CO to the range between 1.5 to 4 by reaction with water;'}cooling said top gas stream for removing water therefrom;{'sub': 2', '2, 'removing COfrom a portion of said cooled top gas stream forming a CO-lean reducing gas stream,'}heating said reducing gas stream to a temperature above 850° C., andfeeding said hot gas stream to said blast furnace contributing to the reduction of said iron ore to metallic iron.2. Method of producing molten iron according to claim 1 , further characterized by reacting said cleaned top gas in a catalytic reactor with ...

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Номер записи: 57
17-03-2022 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS OIL AND METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Номер: US20220081620A1
Автор: Apfelbacher Andreas, Hornung Andreas, NEUMANN Johannes, OUADI Miloud
Принадлежит: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit. 1. A pyrolysis oil comprising a carbon content greater than 65% by wt. , a hydrogen content greater than 5% by wt. and an oxygen content of less than 16% by wt. , a C content of no less than 0.1 parts per trillion , and an ash content.2. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the ash content in accordance with DIN EN 14775 claim 1 , at 815 degrees Celsius is 0.005% to 0.25% by wt.3. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has not yet been subjected to further post-conditioning by distillation claim 1 , water removal claim 1 , hydrogenation claim 1 , or hydrodeoxygenation.4. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 15 mg of KOH/g.5. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 10 mg of KOH/g.6. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the acid value of the pyrolysis oil is less than 6 mg of KOH/g.7. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has a calorific value in accordance with DIN EN 14918 of greater than 30 MJ/kg.8. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis oil has a fuel value in accordance with DIN EN 14918 of between 23 and 41 MJ/kg.9. The pyrolysis oil of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 58
17-03-2022 дата публикации

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

Номер: US20220081630A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Macias E. James, Rich Lewis L., Thomson Gregor A., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит:

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

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Номер записи: 59
10-03-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, TAR CRACKERS, AND METHODS FOR GASIFYING HAVING AT LEAST TWO MODES OF OPERATION

Номер: US20160068772A1
Автор: APPEL PHILIP W., Culley Jacob M., WEIR THOMAS D.
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses, systems, tar crackers, and methods for breaking down vaporized tars in a syngas stream are described. An example system may include a gasifier comprising a combustion chamber configured to, during a startup operation, receive heated air at a first port near a bottom of the combustion chamber and to support combustion of a column of biomass feedstock in an upward direction within the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber may be further configured to receive, during normal operation, air at a second port near a top of the combustion chamber to support gasification of the column of biomass feedstock in a downward direction within the combustion chamber to provide syngas from the first port near the bottom of the combustion chamber. 1. A system comprising:a tar cracker configured to, in a first configuration, receive air at a first port, heat the air, and provide the heated air to a second port, the tar cracker further configured to, in a second configuration, receive syngas at the second port, heat the syngas to breakdown tars entrained in the syngas, and provide the syngas to the first port; anda gasifier configured to, in the first configuration, receive the heated air from the tar cracker at a gasifier port and initiate gasification using the heated air, the gasifier further configured to, in the second configuration, gasify biomass to provide the syngas from the gasifier port.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a burner configured to provide a flame to a third port of the tar cracker claim 1 , wherein the third port is connected to a main chamber of the tar cracker.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gasifier is further configured to claim 2 , in the first configuration claim 2 , provide exhaust from a second gasifier port to a flame of the burner claim 2 , wherein heat from the flame of the burner is configured to break down material in the exhaust.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a wastewater removal system configured ...

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Номер записи: 60
09-03-2017 дата публикации

System and Method for Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification

Номер: US20170066652A1
Автор: APANEL George, WRIGHT Harold A.
Принадлежит:

A system, for production of high-quality syngas, comprising a first dual fluidized bed loop having a fluid bed conditioner operable to produce high quality syngas comprising a first percentage of components other than CO and Hfrom a gas feed, wherein the conditioner comprises an outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature, and an inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature greater than the first temperature; a fluid bed combustor operable to combust fuel and oxidant, wherein the fluid bed combustor comprises an inlet connected with the outlet for a first catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner, and an outlet connected with the inlet for a second catalytic heat transfer stream of the conditioner; and a catalytic heat transfer material. 1. A method for continuous dry reforming , the method comprising:introducing a feed comprising carbon dioxide and at least one selected from methane and propane into a fluid bed conditioner operated at a conditioning temperature, wherein the fluid bed conditioner is one fluid bed of a dual fluidized bed loop and is configured to convert at least a portion of said feed into synthesis gas components;extracting a first catalytic heat transfer stream comprising a catalytic heat transfer material and having a first temperature from the fluid bed conditioner and introducing at least a portion of the first catalytic heat transfer stream and a flue gas into a fluid bed combustor, wherein the fluid bed combustor is configured to regenerate the catalyst via combustion;extracting a second catalytic heat transfer stream comprising catalytic heat transfer material and having a second temperature from the fluid bed combustor and introducing at least a portion of the second catalytic heat transfer stream into the fluid bed conditioner; andextracting synthesis gas from the fluid ...

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Номер записи: 61
29-05-2014 дата публикации

Hybrid plant for liquid fuel production

Номер: US20140148519A1
Автор: Minish M. SHAH, Raymond F. Drnevich, Shrikar Chakravarti
Принадлежит: Praxair Technology Inc

A hybrid plant and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. When a gasification unit in the hybrid plant is operating at reduced capacity or is not operational, oxygen that would have been used in the gasification unit is diverted to a light fossil fuel conversion unit containing an autothermal reformer to increase H 2 -rich syngas flow to a liquid fuel production unit and maintain liquid fuel production at near nameplate capacity.

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Номер записи: 62
29-05-2014 дата публикации

Carbon to liquids system and method of operation

Номер: US20140148520A1
Автор: Dhaval Ajit BHANDARI, Surinder Prabhjot Singh, Vitali Victor Lissianski
Принадлежит: General Electric Co

A method of operating a carbon to liquids system is provided. The method includes receiving a flow of syngas and reacting, in a reactor, the syngas and a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce a product including steam, wherein the reactor includes a polymeric material that is configured to permit the permeation of the steam therethrough. The method also includes recycling the permeated steam to a vessel positioned upstream from the reactor.

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Номер записи: 63
07-03-2019 дата публикации

Methods, Systems, And Apparatuses For Utilizing A Fischer-Tropsch Purge Stream

Номер: US20190071608A1
Автор: Golczynski Scot, II Bruce Allen, Logue
Принадлежит:

Systems, apparatuses and methods of utilizing a Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) tail gas purge stream for recycling are disclosed. One or more methods include removing an FT tail gas purge stream from an FT tail gas produced by an FT reactor, treating the FT tail gas purge stream with steam in a water gas shift (“WGS”) reactor, having a WGS catalyst, to produce a shifted FT purge stream including carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the shifted FT purge stream, producing a carbon dioxide stream and a treated purge stream. Other embodiments are also disclosed. 1. A system for producing Fischer Tropsch (“FT”) hydrocarbons , the system comprising:a. a syngas preparation unit configured to produce a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a carbonaceous feedstock, wherein the syngas preparation unit is a steam methane reformer;b. a syngas conditioning unit, fluidly connected to an output of the syngas preparation unit, configured to condition the syngas to remove a process condensate stream from the syngas and produce a conditioned syngas;c. an FT reactor, fluidly connected to an output of the syngas conditioning unit, and having an FT catalyst, configured to operate under FT conditions to receive the conditioned syngas as an input and to make FT liquid hydrocarbons, with an FT tail gas and an FT water stream as by-products;d. an FT tail gas flowline to transport the FT tail gas from the FT reactor to the syngas preparation unit for use as a feed;e. a diverting line configured to remove an FT tail gas purge stream, comprising a portion of the FT tail gas, from the FT tail gas in the FT tail gas flowline;f. a water gas shift (“WGS”) reactor fluidly connected to the diverting line to receive the FT tail gas purge stream, and having a water gas shift catalyst positioned therein, configured to convert carbon monoxide and water in the FT purge stream exposed to the water gas shift catalyst under WGS conditions at least in ...

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Номер записи: 64
15-03-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER PRODUCTION USING PARTIAL OXIDATION

Номер: US20180073430A1
Автор: Allam Rodney John, Fetvedt Jeremy Eron, Forrest Brock Alan, LU XIJIA, Palmer Miles R.
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production using partial oxidation of a solid or liquid fuel to form a partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas. This fuel gas stream can be one or more of quenched, filtered, and cooled before being directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle COstream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream can be further processed to provide the recycle COstream, which is compressed and passed through one or more recuperator heat exchangers in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems. 1. A process for the production of power using a combination of a partial oxidation (POX) system and a power production system (PPS) , the process comprising:combining a solid or liquid fuel and oxygen in a POX reactor under conditions sufficient to partially oxidize the fuel and form a POX stream comprising a fuel gas at a first temperature;removing from the POX stream comprising the fuel gas at least a portion of any solid components or gaseous components that do not form part of the fuel gas;cooling the POX stream comprising the fuel gas in a POX heat exchanger to a second, lower temperature;purifying the POX stream comprising the fuel gas by removing at least a portion of any liquid water and acid gases therefrom and thus forming a stream of the fuel gas;compressing the stream of the fuel gas to a pressure of about 12 MPa or greater;combusting the stream of the fuel gas in a PPS combustor to form a combustion product stream at a pressure of at least about 10 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800° C.;expanding the combustion product stream across a PPS turbine to generate power and form an expanded PPS combustion ...

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Номер записи: 65
24-03-2022 дата публикации

System and processes for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass

Номер: US20220089961A1
Автор: Darrell Ford, Ken Davison
Принадлежит: Iq Energy Inc

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

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Номер записи: 66
19-03-2015 дата публикации

Methods and systems for supplying hydrogen to a hydrocatalytic reaction

Номер: US20150080626A1
Автор: Andries Quirin Maria Boon, Hubert Willem Schenck, Joseph Broun Powell, Kimberly Ann Johnson, Lamar Lane Joffrion
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

A bottom fraction of a product of a hydrocatalytic reaction is gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds. In another embodiment, a product of the further processing is separated into a bottom fraction and an overhead fraction, where the bottom fraction is also gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions.

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Номер записи: 67
12-06-2014 дата публикации

Second Stage Gasifier In Staged Gasification And Integrated Process

Номер: US20140158941A1
Автор: Liu Guohai, Peng WanWang, Vimalchand Pannalal
Принадлежит: Southern Company

A second stage gasification unit in a staged gasification integrated process flow scheme and operating methods are disclosed to gasify a wide range of low reactivity fuels. The inclusion of second stage gasification unit operating at high temperatures closer to ash fusion temperatures in the bed provides sufficient flexibility in unit configurations, operating conditions and methods to achieve an overall carbon conversion of over 95% for low reactivity materials such as bituminous and anthracite coals, petroleum residues and coke. The second stage gasification unit includes a stationary fluidized bed gasifier operating with a sufficiently turbulent bed of predefined inert bed material with lean char carbon content. The second stage gasifier fluidized bed is operated at relatively high temperatures up to 1400° C. Steam and oxidant mixture can be injected to further increase the freeboard region operating temperature in the range of approximately from 50 to 100° C. above the bed temperature. 1. A second stage gasification unit useful with an integrated gasification process for low reactivity fuels having a first stage gasification unit forming a first stage syngas stream containing unwanted species in a first stage concentration , the second stage gasification unit comprising: bed material in a bed material region;', 'a freeboard region above the bed material region; and', 'an outlet for the second stage syngas stream containing the unwanted species in the second stage concentration;, 'a high temperature second stage turbulent fluidized bed gasifier having operating characteristics to promote conversion of a first stage syngas stream containing unwanted species in a first stage concentration into a second stage syngas stream containing the unwanted species in a second stage concentration, the second stage concentration of the unwanted species lower than the first stage concentration of the unwanted species, the second stage turbulent fluidized bed gasifier comprisinga ...

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Номер записи: 68
14-03-2019 дата публикации

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT AND A SYNGAS MIXTURE

Номер: US20190078031A1
Автор: BERENDS Robert Hugo, POST VAN DER BURG Robin Pieter
Принадлежит: TORRGAS TECHNOLOGY B.V.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds, (ii) continuously separating the formed char particles as the char product from the formed gaseous fraction and (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation and/or to a steam reforming to obtain the syngas mixture. The solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm. 1. A process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps:(i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100° C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles,(ii) continuously separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction, and(iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation or to a steam reforming, or both, to obtain the syngas mixture, wherein the solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and wherein the solid biomass feed is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gas temperature in step (i) is between 750 and 1000° C.3. The process according to claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 69
24-03-2016 дата публикации

BLAST FURNACE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A BLAST FURNACE

Номер: US20160083810A1
Автор: Kuhl Olaf
Принадлежит:

The present invention is directed to a blast furnace and a method for operating a blast furnace which are able to reduce the COproduction and reduce the amount of applied additives and heating material when compared to presently known metallurgical plants. This problem is solved by a process for metal production of metal ores comprising the following steps: reducing a metal ore, particularly a metal oxide; producing furnace gas containing COin a blast furnace shaft; discharging said furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft; directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a COconverter and reducing the COcontained in the furnace gas into CO in the COconverter, directing at least a portion of the CO from the COconverter into the blast furnace shaft. Besides solving the above mentioned problem, the method also produces CO as a gaseous reduction agent which may be easily introduced into the blast furnace shaft. 1. A method for processing metal ore comprising the following steps:reducing a metal ore;{'sub': '2', 'b': '2', 'producing furnace gas containing COin a blast furnace shaft ();'}{'b': '2', 'discharging said furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft ();'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'b': 4', '4, 'directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a COconverter () and reducing the COcontained in the furnace gas to CO in the COconverter ();'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 4', '2, 'directing a first portion of the CO from the COconverter () into the blast furnace shaft ();'}{'sub': '2', 'b': '4', 'claim-text': an oxidation process in a fuel cell;', 'a combustion process in a gas engine', 'a combustion process in a gas turbine;', [{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', '5', '2, '6CO+3HO→CHOH+4CO;\u2003\u2003a)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '5', '2, '6H+2CO→CHOH+3HO;\u2003\u2003b)'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', '5', '2, '2CO+4H→CHOH+HO; and\u2003\u2003c)'}], 'a biological conversion process in a bio converter carried out using microbes or ...

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Номер записи: 70
23-03-2017 дата публикации

Pyrolysis systems

Номер: US20170081591A1
Автор: Frank Reed
Принадлежит: Individual

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock.

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Номер записи: 71
12-03-2020 дата публикации

A process and relating apparatus to make pure hydrogen from a syngas originated from wastes gasification

Номер: US20200078728A1
Автор: Annarita Salladini, Elena Antonetti, Gaetano Iaquaniello
Принадлежит: Nextchem SpA

A raw syngas coming from HT gasification of organic wastes, once cooled in a proper heat recovery boiler or in a quencher is treated in a scrubbing section where, by adding an acidic solution followed by alkaline solution and by a WESP, particulate and chlorine compounds are removed and the syngas is ready for conversion, after its compression. In the conversion step CO is converted into C02 and H2 by adding steam; H2S is reduced to sulphur in a solid form, C02 is removed via cryogenic unit or an amine unit and pure H2 is produced.

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Номер записи: 72
31-03-2022 дата публикации

Production of aromatics by reverse water gas shift, fermentation and aromatization

Номер: US20220098498A1
Автор: Feugnet Frederic, JOLY Jean-Francois
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (-), a xylenes separating unit () and an isomerization unit (), and in which a pyrolysis unit () treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; an RWGS reverse water gas shift reaction section () treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section () treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water and produces ethanol; and an aromatization reaction section () converts the ethanol into a mixture of aromatic and paraffinic compounds feeding the feedstock. 1. Device for the conversion of a first hydrocarbon-based feedstock comprising aromatic compounds , comprising:{'b': ['4', '7', '22', '23', '24', '2'], '#text': 'a fractionation train (-) suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene (), one cut comprising toluene () and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () from the first hydrocarbon-based feedstock ();'}{'b': ['10', '24', '39', '40'], '#text': 'a xylenes separating unit () suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () and for producing an extract () comprising para-xylene and a raffinate () comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;'}{'b': ['11', '40', '42', '4', '7'], '#text': 'an isomerization unit () suitable for treating the raffinate () and for producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene (), which is sent to the fractionation train (-);'}{'b': ['13', '30', '31', '2', '32'], '#text': 'a pyrolysis unit () suitable for treating a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), for producing at least one pyrolysis effluent () comprising hydrocarbon-based compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms at least partially feeding the hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), and for producing a pyrolysis gas () comprising at least CO, CO2 ...

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Номер записи: 73
31-03-2022 дата публикации

Production of aromatics by pyrolysis, water gas shift and aromatization of CO2

Номер: US20220098499A1
Автор: Feugnet Frederic, JOLY Jean-Francois, LAROCHE Catherine
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (-), a xylenes separating unit () and an isomerization unit (), and in which a pyrolysis unit () treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section () suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section () suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent. 1. Device for the conversion of a first hydrocarbon-based feedstock comprising aromatic compounds , comprising:{'b': ['4', '7', '22', '23', '24', '2'], '#text': 'a fractionation train (-) suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene (), one cut comprising toluene () and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () from the first hydrocarbon-based feedstock ();'}{'b': ['10', '24', '39', '40'], '#text': 'a xylenes separating unit () suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene () and for producing an extract () comprising para-xylene and a raffinate () comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;'}{'b': ['11', '40', '42', '4', '7'], '#text': 'an isomerization unit () suitable for treating the raffinate () and for producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene (), which is sent to the fractionation train (-);'}{'b': ['13', '30', '31', '2', '32'], '#text': 'a pyrolysis unit () suitable for treating a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), for producing at least one pyrolysis effluent () comprising hydrocarbon-based compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms at least partially feeding the hydrocarbon-based feedstock (), and for producing a pyrolysis gas () comprising at least CO, CO2 and H2;'}{'b': [' ...

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Номер записи: 74
31-03-2022 дата публикации

Production of aromatics by reverse water gas shift, fermentation and recycling to pyrolysis.

Номер: US20220098624A1
Автор: Frederic Feugnet, Jean-Francois Joly
Принадлежит: IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN

Device and process for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is treated notably by means of a fractionation train (4-7), a xylene separation unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a reverse water gas shift RWGS reaction section (50) treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section (52) treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water, to produce ethanol and recycle the ethanol to the inlet of the pyrolysis unit.

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Номер записи: 75
12-03-2020 дата публикации

TEMPERATURE PROFILE IN AN ADVANCED THERMAL TREATMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

Номер: US20200080012A1
Автор: Donegan Daniel Michael
Принадлежит:

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material. 1. An advanced thermal treatment (ATT) method comprising:applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first advanced thermal treatment (ATT) process, the first ATT process resulting in a gaseous mixture;applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second ATT process, the second ATT process being applied to the gaseous mixture;wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:applying heat from the heat source to a third region to cause a third ATT process, the third ATT process being applied to the gaseous mixture;wherein the third region is located closer to the heat source than the first region and the second region is located closer to the heat source than the third region.3. The method of wherein the dwell time in the third region is longer than the dwell time in the first region and longer than the dwell time in the second region.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first region is a rotable rotatable retort and the second region is a gas enclosure claim 1 , wherein the gas enclosure is located proximate the heat source.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a heating system including the heat source and a thermally insulated chamber.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the second region is located within the thermally insulated chamber.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second ATT processes each comprise a pyrolysis process.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 76
29-03-2018 дата публикации

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthetic Gas

Номер: US20180086994A1
Автор: KRESNYAK Steve, ZAHORIK Pavel
Принадлежит:

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 1. A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas in a gasifier comprising:i) a pyrolysis zone,ii) a partial oxidation zone located vertically downstream of the pyrolysis zone,iii) a reduction zone located vertically downstream of the partial oxidation zone and comprising an downwardly angled perforated floor and a deflector located in the center of the floor;said process comprising the steps of:a) feeding the carbonaceous fuel material through the upper portion of the pyrolysis zone vertically downward towards the lower portion of the pyrolysis zone, while pyrolyzing said fuel into pyrolysis vapours comprising tar, and pyrolysis residue comprising char containing ash and carbon;b) optionally adding a first oxidant to the lower portion of said pyrolysis zone to achieve a temperature greater than 200° C.;c) directing said pyrolysis vapours to said partial oxidation (POX) zone, and directing said pyrolysis residue downwardly to the reduction zone via a separation member positioned between said pyrolysis zone and said partial oxidation zone, the separation member comprising a plurality of slanted vents;d) adding a second oxidant in the partial oxidation zone to achieve a temperature greater than 900° C. to reform said pyrolysis vapours into raw syngas containing ...

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Номер записи: 77
05-04-2018 дата публикации

Systems for recovery and re-use of waste energy in crude oil refining and aromatics complex

Номер: US20180094864A1
Автор: Hani Mohammed AL SAED, Mahmoud Bahy Mahmoud NOURELDIN
Принадлежит: Saudi Arabian Oil Co

Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for grassroots medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries to increase energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste heat sources are described. Configurations and related processing schemes of specific inter-plants and hybrid, intra- and inter-plants waste heat recovery schemes for thermal energy consumption reduction in integrated refining-petrochemical facilities synthesized for integrated medium grade crude oil semi-conversion refineries and aromatics complex for increasing energy efficiency from specific portions of low grade waste sources are also described.

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Номер записи: 78
12-05-2022 дата публикации

Fcc co-processing of biomass oil

Номер: US20220145188A1
Автор: Hyung R. Kim, Jihad M. Dakka, Xiaochun Xu
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system that include recovering an additional source of H 2 or synthesis gas from the overhead product gas stream. The additional H 2 can be used to partially hydrogenate biomass oil prior to co-processing the biomass oil in the fluid catalytic cracking system. Additionally or alternately, the additional synthesis gas can represent an additional yield of products from the process, such as an additional yield that can be used for synthesis of further liquid products.

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Номер записи: 79
14-04-2016 дата публикации

REFORMING METHANE AND HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN SYNGAS STREAMS

Номер: US20160102259A1
Автор: Bonaquist Dante P., Bool Lawrence, CHAKRAVARTI SHRIKAR, DRNEVICH RAYMOND F., Laux Stefan E.F., Thompson David R.
Принадлежит:

Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products. 1. A method of syngas treatment , comprising(A) providing a raw syngas stream obtained by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, wherein the raw syngas stream may optionally contain tars, and comprises hydrogen and CO as well as one or more light hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of methane, hydrocarbons containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; and(B) adding oxygen to the raw syngas stream while imparting heat to the raw syngas stream at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, and partially oxidizing one or more of said light hydrocarbons to increase the amounts of hydrogen and CO in the syngas while converting tars if present to lower molecular weight products including hydrogen and CO.2. A method according to wherein step (B) comprises mixing fuel and oxygen and combusting a portion of the oxygen in the mixture with said fuel to form a hot oxidant stream that has a temperature of at least 2000 F and that contains oxygen and products of said combustion claim 1 , and feeding said hot oxidant stream into said raw syngas stream.3. A method according to wherein said fuel that is mixed with oxygen and combusted to form said hot oxidant stream claim 2 , comprises gaseous byproducts formed in the production of product fuels from syngas formed in step (B).4. A method according to wherein step (B) comprises adding fuel and oxygen to said raw syngas and combusting said added fuel after it is added to said raw syngas stream.5. A method according to wherein said fuel that is added to said raw syngas comprises gaseous byproducts formed in the production of product ...

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Номер записи: 80
26-03-2020 дата публикации

SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION FROM CO2 AND H2O IN A CO-ELECTROLYSIS

Номер: US20200095124A1
Автор: Rueger Dietmar
Принадлежит:

A synthesis gas production process from COand HO with a co-electrolysis, wherein the COand CHcontent of the produced gas is reduced on the cathode side. 220246262540179. The synthesis gas production process according to claim 1 , wherein after the catalytic reactor(s) and/or the coke-filled container(s) ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 , a partial gas separation of Hor H-rich gas from the gas mixture takes place after cooling ( claim 1 , ) of the gas () claim 1 , wherein the gas () separated and enriched with His recycled to the cathode side () of the electrolysis stack ().339. The synthesis gas production process according to claim 2 , wherein as a separation device () a membrane separation plant and/or a pressure swing absorption plant is used.419232024. The synthesis gas production process according to claim 1 , wherein the preheating takes place by means of a preheater ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 , which is a component of the catalytic reactor(s) ( claim 1 ,).5. The synthesis gas production process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , after feeding to{'b': 20', '24, 'the at least one catalytic reactor (, ) favoring at least one of a reverse water-gas shift reaction R3 and a steam reforming reaction R4'}and/or{'b': 20', '24, '(ii) the at least the one coke-filled container (, ) favoring at least one of the reactions R5, R6 and R7'} [{'b': 35', '9', '35', '9, 'an all-ceramic stack () operated at temperatures higher than the stack (), wherein the all-ceramic stack () is dimensioned smaller than the first electrolysis stack () or'}, {'b': 46', '9, 'a second electrolysis stack (), operated at the same temperature level as the first electrolysis stack ().'}], 'take place, a feeding additionally takes place to'}6. (canceled)71835463418433546183444493047504646. The synthesis gas production process according to wherein prior to the feeding of the gas () to the all-ceramic stack () claim 5 , the second electrolysis stack () or any temperature increase and/or an electric heater () ...

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Номер записи: 81
08-04-2021 дата публикации

WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

Номер: US20210102131A1
Автор: OGRADY Seán
Принадлежит: PREMIER GREEN ENERGY HOLDINGS LIMITED

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system. 1. A pyrolysis conversion system comprising:a muffle furnace,a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace; a rotating retort drum drive applying rotary drive to at least one of said rotating retort drum sleeves,an in-feed auger within a tube within the inlet sleeve, and an out-feed auger within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system comprising a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system,wherein the cracking tower comprises a mixing chamber linked with, and upstream of, a residence chamber, andwherein the mixing chamber comprises a burner for heat generation and an oxidant port arranged to mix and partially consume a portion of the gas as it passes through the mixing chamber.2. The pyrolysis conversion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixing chamber is linked to the residence chamber by a choke ring having a central ...

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Номер записи: 82
02-06-2022 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND ENERGY BY STEAM/CO2 REFORMING OF WASTES

Номер: US20220169927A1
Автор: Galloway Terry R.
Принадлежит: Raven SR, Inc.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/COreformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. 1. A waste reformation system comprising:a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for producing a first stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;a waste reforming conversion system for receiving at least organic waste and for producing a second stream of synthesized hydrocarbon gas;wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is in fluid communication with the waste reforming conversion system such that a first portion of the first stream is mixed with the organic waste prior to the organic waste being received by the waste reforming conversion system; andwherein the waste reforming conversion system is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor such that the second stream is used for producing the first stream.2. The waste reformation system of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is at least one of a Fischer-Tropsch reactor claim 1 , a methanol synthesis reactor claim 1 , a methanation reactor claim 1 , and a shift converter.3. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a shift converter.4. The waste reformation system of claim 3 , further comprising a pressure shift adsorption (PSA) unit in fluid communication with the shift converter claim 3 , the PSA unit for producing hydrogen fuel.5. The waste reformation system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor is a shift converter.6. The waste ...

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Номер записи: 83
11-04-2019 дата публикации

HIGH CHARGE DENSITY METALLOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVES

Номер: US20190105641A1
Автор: HONG Suk Bong, Knight Lisa M., LEE Junghwan, Lewis Gregory J., Nicholas Christopher P., Seo Seungwan
Принадлежит:

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-16 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of: 2. The metallophosphate material of where A is potassium.3. The metallophosphate material of where E is aluminum.4. The metallophosphate material of where R is ethyltrimethylammonium cation claim 1 , ETMA.5. The metallophosphate material of where R is the diethyldimethylammonium cation claim 1 , DEDMA.6. The metallophosphate material of where R is tetraethylammonium cation claim 1 , TEA.8. The process of wherein the hydrocarbon conversion process is selected from the group consisting of cracking claim 7 , hydrocracking claim 7 , alkylation claim 7 , isomerization claim 7 , polymerization claim 7 , reforming claim 7 , hydrogenation claim 7 , dehydrogenation claim 7 , transalkylation claim 7 , dealkylation claim 7 , hydration claim 7 , dehydration claim 7 , hydrotreating claim 7 , hydrofining claim 7 , hydrodenitrogenation claim 7 , hydrodesulfurization claim 7 , methanol to olefins claim 7 , methanation claim 7 , syngas shift process claim 7 , olefin dimerization claim 7 , oligomerization claim 7 , dewaxing claim 7 , and combinations thereof. This application is a Division of copending application Ser. No. 15/588,967 filed May 8, 2017, which application claims priority from Provisional Application No. 62/341,174 filed May 25, 2016, now expired, the contents of which cited applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.This invention relates to a family of charged metallophosphate-based molecular sieves designated PST-16. They are represented by the empirical formula of:Rp+rA+mM2+xEyPOzwhere A is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is at least one quaternary ammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The PST-16 family of materials has the CGS ...

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Номер записи: 84
11-04-2019 дата публикации

HIGH CHARGE DENSITY METALLOPHOSPHATE MOLECULAR SIEVES

Номер: US20190105642A1
Автор: HONG Suk Bong, LEE Junghwan, Lewis Gregory J., Moscoso Jaime G., Nicholas Christopher P., Seo Seungwan
Принадлежит:

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-19 has been synthesized. These high charge density metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of: 2. The metallophosphate material of where E is aluminum.3. The metallophosphate material of where R is tetraethylammonium cation claim 1 , TEA.4. The metallophosphate material of where R is the triethylpropylammonium cation claim 1 , TEPA.5. The metallophosphate material of where R is the diethylmethylpropylammonium cation claim 1 , DEMPA.6. The metallophosphate material of where R is the dimethylethylpropylammonium cation claim 1 , DMEPA.7. The metallophosphate material of where R is the methyltriethylammonium cation claim 1 , MTEA.8. The metallophosphate material of where R is the dimethyldipropylammonium cation claim 1 , DMDPA.9. The metallophosphate material of with crystal dimensions less than about 5 microns and preferably less than 3 microns and more preferably less than 2 microns.11. The process of wherein the hydrocarbon conversion process is selected from the group consisting of cracking claim 10 , hydrocracking claim 10 , alkylation claim 10 , isomerization claim 10 , polymerization claim 10 , reforming claim 10 , hydrogenation claim 10 , dehydrogenation claim 10 , transalkylation claim 10 , dealkylation claim 10 , hydration claim 10 , dehydration claim 10 , hydrotreating claim 10 , hydrofining claim 10 , hydrodenitrogenation claim 10 , hydrodesulfurization claim 10 , methanol to olefins claim 10 , methanation claim 10 , syngas shift process claim 10 , olefin dimerization claim 10 , oligomerization claim 10 , dewaxing claim 10 , and combinations thereof.12. The process of wherein the separation is based on molecular size of the components claim 10 , degree of polarity of the components claim 10 , or ion exchange of the components with the material. This application is a Division of copending application Ser. No. 15/586,503 filed May 4, 2017, ...

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Номер записи: 85
28-04-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR AT LEAST PARTIAL GASIFICATION OF SOLID ORGANIC FEED MATERIAL

Номер: US20160115020A1
Автор: Bauersfeld Dirk, GAUBE Gerald
Принадлежит:

A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material, in which a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained by low-temperature carbonization from the feed material in a low-temperature gasifier and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then converted to a synthesis gas in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction. The low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with a second gas. A plant equipped for carrying out the process includes a low-temperature gasifier for obtaining the low-temperature carbonization gas from the feed material, a high-temperature gasifier for obtaining synthesis gas from the low-temperature carbonization gas, and means for admixing the low-temperature carbonization gas with the second gas. 1. A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material , in which a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained by low-temperature carbonization from the feed material in a low-temperature gasifier and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then converted to a synthesis gas in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction , characterized in that the low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with a second gas comprising a fraction of the synthesis gas , of a gas mixture derived from the synthesis gas , or a combination thereof.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the low-temperature carbonization gas is admixed with the second gas in the low-temperature gasifier or between the low-temperature gasifier and the high-temperature gasifier.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the second gas is established at least on the basis of a tar content or a temperature difference of the low-temperature carbonization gas.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the low-temperature carbonization gas in the low-temperature gasifier is obtained from the solid organic feed material by ...

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Номер записи: 86
28-04-2016 дата публикации

Organic Fuel and Waste Reformer

Номер: US20160115405A1
Автор: Berggren Mark, Carrera Stacy Lorraine, Zubrin Robert
Принадлежит: Pioneer Astronautics

This invention pertains to the non-catalytic oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to produce a gas mixture rich in hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reforming gas is used for production of methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other compounds via downstream processing catalytic gas-phase processes and electrolysis. The reforming gas may also be combusted directly for electricity generation. 1. A process for oxygenated steam reforming of organic matter to a gas product of hydrogen , carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide , and water comprising:a. Injection of oxygen and steam preheated by process waste into a reaction zone along with said organic matter;b. Operating the process at temperatures above 400 C and up to 1,500 C in the reformer section;c. Operating the process at pressures near atmospheric pressure to 200 bar in the absence of a catalyst; and,d. Partially combusting said organic matter with oxygen to generate heat that is used to reform the remainder of the organic matter in the presence of steam to form said product gas.2. The method of in which the organic matter is gas claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , or solid household wastes claim 1 , organic agriculture claim 1 , forestry claim 1 , fishing wastes claim 1 , organic construction wastes claim 1 , organic manufacturing or industrial wastes claim 1 , organic municipal or sanitary wastes claim 1 , organic medical wastes claim 1 , organic chemicals claim 1 , fuels claim 1 , organic matter from chemicals claim 1 , fuels including those derived from petroleum claim 1 , lignite claim 1 , coal claim 1 , shale claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , or mixed organic wastes including those produced at human space exploration outposts in which the organic matter fed to the reformer consists of as-is material claim 1 , a shredded claim 1 , chopped claim 1 , crushed claim 1 , or ground feed claim 1 , or feed otherwise reduced in size or compacted or pelletized to achieve the particle ...

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Номер записи: 87
17-07-2014 дата публикации

Co-Fired Syngas System

Номер: US20140196370A1
Автор: Juranitch James Charles, Tarrant Richard
Принадлежит:

A method of generating a blended syngas as a primary product from renewable feedstock, fossil fuels, or hazardous waste with the use of a gassifier arrangement. The generated syngas is blended with natural gas to form a blended fuel product that is delivered to a manufacturing facility or a natural gas power plant. 1. A method of producing a fuel , the method comprising the steps of:delivering a feedstock to a gassifier to generate a product syngas; andblending the product syngas with natural gas to form a blended syngas fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein there is provided the step of delivering the blended syngas fuel to a selectable combination of a manufacturing plant and a natural gas power plant.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to performing said step of blending there is provided the step of cleaning the product syngas.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to performing said step of blending there is provided the step of accumulating the product syngas in a buffer.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said step of accumulating comprises the steps of:first compressing the product syngas; andstoring the compressed product syngas in the buffer.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein there are provided the further steps of:releasing the compressed product syngas from the buffer; andboosting the pressure of the compressed product syngas released from the buffer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is a selectable combination of an organic compound claim 1 , a fossil fuel claim 1 , and a hazardous material.8. A method of producing a fuel claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:operating a pregassifier on a selectable combination of waste heat, syngas, a fossil fuel, and a supplemental fuel;operating a gassifier to generate a product syngas, by delivering a feedstock to the gassifier; andblending the product syngas with natural gas to form a blended syngas fuel.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein there is provided the step of delivering the ...

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Номер записи: 88
27-04-2017 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS INTO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MATERIAL

Номер: US20170114283A1
Автор: CHILKOOR SOUNDARARAJAN Laxmi Narasimhan, DEL PAGGIO Alan Anthony, Gopal Srikant, PANCHAGNULA Madhusudhan Rao, URADE Vikrant Nanasaheb
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock , said process comprising the steps of:a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition, said composition comprising one or more active metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium and iron on an oxide support, wherein the active metals are present in a partially sulfided form to the extent that the first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition contains sulfur in an amount of from 10 to 90% of a full stoichiometric amount;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines;'}c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'd) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, hydrogen and C-Cgases.'}2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the active metals are selected from one or more of cobalt claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and iron.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydroconversion catalyst is selected from sulfided catalysts comprising one or more metals from the ...

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Номер записи: 89
07-05-2015 дата публикации

Process and system for converting waste to energy without burning

Номер: US20150122243A1
Автор: Terry R. Galloway
Принадлежит: INTELLERGY Inc

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO 2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO 2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery. New methods of carbon-sequestering where the syngas produced by steam/CO 2 reforming can be used in Fischer-Tropsch processes that make high-carbon content compounds while recycling the methane and lighter hydrocarbons back to the reformer to further produce syngas at a higher H 2 /CO ratio.

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Номер записи: 90
04-05-2017 дата публикации

Sulfur-Tolerant CO Shift Conversion Catalyst and Preparation Method Thereof

Номер: US20170120226A1
Автор: Cao Yanning, Jiang Lilong, MA Yongde, WEI Kemei
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a sulfur tolerant carbon monoxide shift conversion catalyst, prepared by the following materials: magnesium source, aluminum source, oxide flux, crystal growth agent, rare earth additive, CoO, MoOand an acidic aqueous solution. A preparation method of the catalyst is provided, comprising the steps of: S1, Adding an aqueous acidic solution and a specific amount of rare earth additive to a specific amount of magnesium source, aluminum source, oxide flux and crystal growth agent, followed by kneading to produce a mixture; S2, Extruding the mixture to obtain an extruded strip product; S3, Drying the extruded strip product to give a semi-finished product; S4, Calcining the semi-finished product to obtain a catalyst carrier; S5, Impregnating the catalyst carrier with the active components CoO and MoOby an incipient-wetness impregnation method to obtain an impregnated product; and S6, Calcining the impregnated product to obtain the catalyst. The oxide flux and crystal growth agent can participate in a solid phase reaction between the magnesium source and aluminum source to form spinel structure, thereby improving the mechanical strength and stability of the spinel. The nano-sized active component can effectively improve the dispersion of the active component, and improve the catalytic activity of the granular boundary of the active component. 1. A sulfur tolerant CO shift conversion catalyst , at least prepared by the following materials: [{'sub': 2', '3, 'an aluminum source, a molar ratio of the magnesium source to the aluminum source is 0.92-1.36 wherein the magnesium source is calculated in the form of MgO and the aluminum source is calculated in the form of AlO;'}, 'an oxide flux, 1.5-3.0 parts by weight;', 'a crystal growth agent, 1.5-3.6 parts by weight;', 'a rare earth additive, 0.9-3.0 parts by weight;', 'CoO, 0.2-1.5 parts by weight;', {'sub': '3', 'MoO, 1.4-3.2 parts by weight; and'}, 'an acidic aqueous solution, 37.8-63.3 parts by ...

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Номер записи: 91
04-05-2017 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING MATERIAL TO GENERATE SYNGAS IN A MODULAR ARCHITECTURE

Номер: US20170121616A1
Автор: FRASER Gordon Gerald Donald, Houze Graham Campbell, JENSEN Robert Christian
Принадлежит: RESPONSIBLE ENERGY INC.

System for processing material to generate syngas in a modular architecture may include a plurality of primary reactor chambers and a shared secondary reactor chamber. Each primary reactor chamber includes electrodes protruding into the chamber, the electrodes operable to generate an arc capable to generate first-stage gas from breakdown of the material when electricity is applied to the electrodes. The secondary reactor chamber is operable to receive the first-stage gas generated by the plurality of primary reactor chambers and to receive water vapour. The gas generated within the plurality of primary reactor chambers combine and interact with the water vapour to form second-stage gas. Turbulence can be generated within the secondary reactor chamber to improve mixing of the first-stage gas with the water vapour. Powering of each of the primary reactor chambers can be done with a different phase of power from a multi-phase input to ensure balanced power utilization. 1. A system comprising:a plurality of primary reactor chambers operable to receive material; each of the primary reactor chambers comprising a plurality of electrodes at least partially protruding into the respective primary reactor chamber, the electrodes operable to generate an arc capable to generate first-stage gas from breakdown of the material within the respective primary reactor chamber when electricity is applied to the electrodes; anda secondary reactor chamber operable to receive the first-stage gas generated within each of the plurality of primary reactor chambers and to receive water vapour; wherein the gas generated within the plurality of primary reactor chambers combine and interact with the water vapour to form second-stage gas.2. The system according to further comprising at least one first-stage gas pipe connected between each of the primary reactor chambers and the secondary reactor chamber claim 1 , wherein the first-stage gas generated within each of the primary reactor chambers is ...

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Номер записи: 92
25-04-2019 дата публикации

Waste-to-energy conversion system

Номер: US20190119588A1
Автор: Seán O'GRADY
Принадлежит: Premier Green Energy Holdings Ltd

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system.

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Номер записи: 93
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Biomass gasifier device

Номер: US20150135594A1
Автор: Fumie Kagaya, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hisashi Kamiuchi, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Kousuke SUDA, Mitsuo Kameyama, Naoki Dowaki, Yasuie TAKEDA
Принадлежит: Japan Blue Energy Co Ltd

A gasification apparatus can produce hydrogen-containing gas from biomass with high thermal efficiency at low costs without severe trouble caused by tar generated by pyrolyzing the biomass, while maximizing the gasification rate of the tar. The gasification apparatus includes a biomass pyrolyzing zone for heating biomass in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and a gas reforming zone for heating the resulting pyrolyzed gas in the presence of steam. A plurality of preheated granules and/or lumps is moved from the gas reforming zone to the biomass pyrolyzing zone, the apparatus reforms the gas generated by pyrolyzing the biomass and pyrolyzes the biomass, using the heat of the granules and/or lumps. The biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone is provided in a single vessel, and at least one partitioning plate is provided between the biomass pyrolyzing zone and the gas reforming zone.

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Номер записи: 94
11-05-2017 дата публикации

CONVERSION OF SOLID BIOMASS INTO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MATERIALS

Номер: US20170130134A1
Автор: CHILKOOR SOUNDARARAJAN Laxmi Narasimhan, DEL PAGGIO Alan Anthony, PANCHAGNULA Madhusudhan Rao, URADE Vikrant Nanasaheb
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition, said composition comprising one or more active metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium and iron on an oxide support, wherein the one or more active metals are present in an oxidic state; b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines; c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; d) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, and C-Cgases. 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock , said process comprising the steps of:a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition, said composition comprising one or more active metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium and iron on an oxide support, wherein the one or more active metals are present in an oxidic state;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the ...

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Номер записи: 95
28-05-2015 дата публикации

Treatment of synthesis gases from a gasification facility

Номер: US20150144842A1
Автор: Christian Görsch, Doris KLOSTERMANN, Frank Hannemann, Justin Wang, Ling Xu, Manfred Schingnitz, Robert Marx, William M. Faris, Yeping Cai
Принадлежит: CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LTD, SIEMENS AG

A technology for producing synthesis gas from crude gas from various gasification processes for solid or liquid fuels. To limit the temperatures in a subsequent strongly exothermic CO shift reaction to adjust the H 2 /CO ratio, the crude gas which has been freed of dust flows through two shift reactors arranged in series. The first reactor has a specific reaction-kinetically limited catalyst and the second reactor has a conventional sour gas catalyst. The specific catalyst used in the first reactor limits the exothermic shift reaction to such an extent that the reaction temperatures in the first and second reactors remain so low to avoid thermal damage to the catalysts even without introduction of external steam, and the desired gas composition is achieved.

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Номер записи: 96
30-04-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20200131034A1
Автор: AASBERG-PETERSEN Kim, Han Pat A.
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

Method for the preparation of synthesis gas based on a combination of the ATR process or partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fee stock using oxygen from the electrolysis of water and an air separation unit to produce the synthesis gas. 1. Method for the preparation of synthesis gas comprising the steps of(a) separating atmospheric air into a separate oxygen containing stream and into a separate nitrogen containing stream;(b) preparing a separate hydrogen containing stream and a separate oxygen containing stream by electrolysis of water and/or steam;(c1) partial oxidizing or autothermal reforming in an autothermal reformer at least a part of a hydrocarbon feed stock with at least a part of the oxygen containing stream obtained by the separation of atmospheric air in step (a) and at least a part of the oxygen containing stream obtained by the electrolysis of water and/or steam in step (b) to a process gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; or(c2) gasifying coal or biomass with water and at least a part of the oxygen containing stream obtained by the separation of atmospheric air in step (a) and at least a part of the oxygen containing stream obtained by the electrolysis of water in step (b) to a process gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; and(d) introducing at least part of the separate hydrogen containing stream from step (b) into the process gas from step (c1) or (c2).2. The method of claim 1 , comprising the further step of steam reforming part or the entire hydrocarbon feed stock in indirect heat transfer relationship with part or all the process stream leaving the autothermal reforming step (c1).3. The method of claim 1 , comprising the further step of steam reforming a part of the hydrocarbon feed stock and/or a second hydrocarbon feed stock in indirect heat transfer relationship with part or all the process gas leaving the autothermal reforming step (c1) and mixing the heat exchange steam reformed process gas with ...

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Номер записи: 97
26-05-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CLEANING PRODUCER GAS USING A MICROWAVE INDUCED PLASMA CLEANING DEVICE

Номер: US20160145515A1
Автор: Brown Jeffrey Scott, Loftin Mark Oliver, Potgieter Deon John, STANZIONE Tom
Принадлежит:

A device and method for cleaning producer gas includes a filter bed housing and a microwave chamber. The filter bed housing comprises an inlet for carbon-based material and a spent carbon outlet. The microwave chamber comprises a permeable top and wave guides around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the device using magnetrons. The method comprises using the device by filling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material, introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides, passing the gas through carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet. 1. A method of cleaning gas comprising: A filter bed housing open to a microwave chamber, said filter bed housing having an inlet for carbon-based material, a spent carbon outlet and a gas inlet;', a gas permeable top,', 'a perimeter,', 'wave guides located around the perimeter through which microwaves can be introduced into the microwave chamber, and', 'a magnetron and an isolator attached to each wave guide; and, 'Said microwave chamber comprising, 'A gas outlet; and, 'Using a gas cleaning device said device comprisingFilling the filter bed housing with carbon-based material;Introducing microwaves into the microwave chamber using the magnetrons and wave guides; andPassing a gas through the gas inlet, the carbon-based material in the filter bed chamber, the microwave chamber, the gas permeable top and the gas outlet.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filling the filter bed housing using the feed auger assembly connected to the filter bed housing.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising removing spent carbon using a residue extraction auger assembly attached to the spent carbon outlet.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating a microwave field within the device using microwaves supplied by magnetrons.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising maintaining ...

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Номер записи: 98
24-05-2018 дата публикации

GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180142174A1
Автор: GRAINGER John, SMITH Geoff
Принадлежит: Sage & Time LLP

Processes and systems are provided for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas and a syngas, involving a step of pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock in a pyrolysis chamber to produce the reaction gas and a step of gasifying unconverted feedstock in the presence of a reactant to produce a syngas. 1. A process for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas , comprising the step of:i) pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock to produce a reaction gas in at least one pyrolysis chamber, wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 853° C.2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 950° C. claim 1 ,3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock comprises coal claim 1 ,4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction gas comprises methane.5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the steps of claim 1 ,ii) removing the reaction gas from the at least one pyrolysis chamber,iii) gasifying the unconverted feedstock from the at least one pyrolysis chamber to produce a syngas in at least one gasification chamber, wherein the at least one gasification chamber comprises one or more reactant injection ports for injecting reactant to enable gasification and operates at a temperature between 700-1100° C.,iv) removing the syngas from the at least one gasification chamber.6. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the syngas comprises at least one of tar claim 5 , hydrogen and carbon monoxide claim 5 ,7. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reactant comprises at least one of steam claim 5 , hydrogen claim 5 , oxygen and air.8. A process as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising a step of separating a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of at least two from the reaction gas and the syngas to form a product gas and a purified syngas respectively.9. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 99
25-05-2017 дата публикации

ULTRA-LOW WATER INPUT OIL SANDS RECOVERY PROCESS

Номер: US20170145326A1
Автор: Fraser Roydon Andrew, Ordouei Mohammad Hossein, Thé Jesse
Принадлежит: Lakes Environmental Research Inc.

A method of processing raw oil sands material that includes bitumen. The method includes, in a predistillation process, heating the raw oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C. to at least partially vaporize the bitumen, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the bitumen, and to provide coked oil sands material that includes carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The coked oil sands material is heated to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Heat energy is transferred from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to the raw oil sands material. 1. A method of processing raw oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material;', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand;, '(a) subjecting an oil sands material comprising the raw oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) heating the coked oil sands material to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases; and(c) transferring heat energy from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to at least one of the oil sands material and the intermediate dried oil sands material.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(d) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(e) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further ...

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Номер записи: 100