БИОРАЗРУШАЕМАЯ ЧАСТИЦА, ВЕЩЕСТВО ДЛЯ ВАСКУЛЯРНОЙ ЭМБОЛИЗАЦИИ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОРАЗРУШАЕМЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

Изобретение относится к медицине, а именно к эндоваскулярной хирургии, и раскрывает биоразрушаемую частицу для эмболизации и способ получения стерилизованной биоразрушаемой частицы. Биоразрушаемая частица включает блоксополимер, получаемый путем сополимеризации биоразрушаемого сополимера, образованного из гидроксикарбоновых кислот a1 и a2, гомополимеры которых имеют температуру стеклования не менее 40°C не более -40°C соответственно, водорастворимого полимера, включающего аминогруппу, гидроксильную или карбоксильную группу у каждого из обоих концов указанного водорастворимого полимера, и поливалентного соединения, включающего дикарбоновую кислоту, ее галогенангидрид, кислотные ангидриды или сложный эфир. Способ включает стадию сополимеризации биоразрушаемого сополимера, водорастворимого полимера и поливалентного соединения для получения блоксополимера, стадии грануляции, нанесения покрытия и радиационного облучения вышеуказанной биоразрушаемой частицы. Группа изобретений позволяет получать ...

СПОСОБ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЯ БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу модифицирования биоразлагаемого полимера или сополимера. Описан способ модифицирования полимера или сополимера, имеющих общую структуру одного или нескольких повторяющихся звеньев (1), где n представляет собой целое число, m представляет собой целое число в диапазоне от 0 до 6, a R выбирают из водорода, замещенных или незамещенных C1-C20 алкила, С3-С20 циклоалкила, С6-С20 арила, С7-С20 аралкила и С7-С20 алкарила, где данные группы могут включать линейные или разветвленные алкильные фрагменты; при этом необязательные один или несколько заместителей выбирают из группы, состоящей из групп гидрокси, алкокси, линейного или разветвленного алк(ен)ила, арилокси, галогена, карбоновой кислоты, сложного эфира, карбокси, нитрила и амидо, включающий введение полимера или сополимера в контакт с циклическим органическим пероксидом в условиях, при которых, по меньшей мере, некоторое количество упомянутого пероксида разлагается. Также описаны модифицированные полимер ...

ГЕТЕРОТЕЛЕХЕЛАТНЫЙ БЛОК-СОПОЛИМЕР И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Описывается новый гетеротелехелатный блок-сополимер, который представлен формулой I, в которой R1 и R2, соединенные вместе, означают этилендиоксигруппу (-O-CH(R')-СН2-О, в которой R' означает атом водорода или C1-6-алкил), которая может быть замещена C1-6-алкилом, или в сочетании друг с другом означают оксогруппу (=O), L означает группу (а), в которой R3 и R4 независимо означают атом водорода, С1-10-алкил, арил или арил-С1-3-алкил и r означает целое число от 2 до 5, m означает целое число от 2 до 10000, n означает целое число от 2 до 10000, p означает целое число от 1 до 5, q означает целое число от 0 до 20, Z означает, когда q равно нулю, атом водорода, щелочной металл, ацетил, акрилоил, метакрилоил, циннамоил, паратолуолсульфонил, 2-меркаптопропионил или 2-аминопропионил, или аллил, или винилбензил, в то время как, когда q является целым числом от 1 до 20, Z означает С1-6-алкоксикарбонил, карбокси-, меркапто- или аминогруппу. Описанные выше олигомер или полимер образуют высокомолекулярную ...

ЖЕВАТЕЛЬНАЯ РЕЗИНКА С УЛУЧШЕННЫМ ВЫСВОБОЖДЕНИЕМ ИНГРЕДИЕНТОВ ЖЕВАТЕЛЬНОЙ РЕЗИНКИ

Настоящее изобретение относится к кондитерской промышленности. Жевательная резинка содержит традиционные ингредиенты жевательной резинки и, по крайней мере, один биологически разлагаемый сополимер полиэфира, полученный путем полимеризации двух или нескольких циклических сложных эфиров посредством размыкания кольца. Указанный, по крайней мере, один биологически разлагаемый сополимер полиэфира имеет молекулярную массу менее чем 150000 г/моль. Жевательная резинка, в основном, не содержит биологически неразлагаемых полимеров. Кроме того, изобретение предусматривает гуммиоснову, которая является еще одним самостоятельным объектом изобретения. В результате получают полностью биоразлагаемую жевательную резинку с улучшенным высвобождением ингредиентов и устойчивостью ее к воздействию мягчителей, эмульгаторов и ароматизаторов. 2 н. и 36 з.п. ф-лы, 14 ил., 2 табл.

Испытание качества полимеризуемой молочной кислоты и способ его осуществления

Настоящее изобретение относится к получению молочной кислоты, являющейся полимеризуемым материалом, из углеводсодержащих материалов посредством ферментации последующей очистки от ферментируемых сред. Описан способ получения полимеризуемой молочной кислоты из ферментируемых сред, включающий следующие стадии; отделение имеющейся биомассы и любых твердых веществ от ферментируемой среды по меньшей мере в две последовательные стадии; снижение значения pH до значений 2,2-2,4 путем добавления и примешивания концентрированной серной кислоты в раствор молочной кислоты из ферментируемой среды без биомассы; отделение раствора молочной кислоты от ферментируемой среды без биомассы посредством применения хроматографии псевдодвижущегося слоя (SMB); очистка отделенного раствора молочной кислоты с помощью первой стадии ионного обмена; концентрирование раствора молочной кислоты, очищенного на первой стадии ионного обмена, с помощью первой стадии одно- или многоступенчатого выпаривания; дополнительная очистка ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОРАЗЛАГАЕМЫХ МЕЖМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКИХ СЛОЖНЫХ ДИЭФИРОВ АЛЬФА-ГИДРОКСИКАРБОНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ, СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИЛАКТИДА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭТИХ СПОСОБОВ

Изобретение относится к способу получения биоразлагаемого межмолекулярного циклического сложного диэфира альфа-гидроксикарбоновой кислоты. Способ заключается в подаче смеси материалов в очистительное устройство, снабженное колонной с разделительной стенкой, разделении смеси материалов и извлечении очищенного сложного диэфира. Указанное очистительное устройство включает следующие компоненты: дефлегматор, выпускное отверстие, массообменную насадку, колонну с разделительной стенкой, разделенную на две зоны вертикальной разделительной стенкой, дополнительную массообменную насадку, испаритель и выпускное отверстие со стороны сборника. Отношение длины колонны с разделительной стенкой к общей длине очистительного устройства составляет от 0,5 до 0,9. Способ позволяет достичь простого и эффективного отделения диэфира от смесей материалов при получении диэфира с высокой чистотой материала и/или оптической чистотой. 4 н. и 15 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил., 9 пр.

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ ПОЛИГЛИКОЛИДА И ЕГО СОПОЛИМЕРОВ С ВЫСОКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ ГЛИКОЛИДА

Изобретение относится к способу очистки полигликолида и сополимеров лактида и гликолида. Предложен способ очистки полигликолида и его сополимеров с высоким содержанием гликолида, в котором очистка полимеров проводится методом переосаждения из 10-15 мас.% раствора в диметилсульфоксиде, полученного при 140-180 °С в условиях интенсивного перемешивания, с последующим осаждением полимера в 5-10-кратный избыток осадителя, который относится к классам низкокипящих алифатических спиртов С1-С4, циклических простых и линейных сложных эфиров, кетонов с высокой растворяющей способностью применительно к гликолиду и лактиду. Технический результат – разработка способа очистки полигликолида и его сополимеров, позволяющего добиться высокой степени очистки полимеров без использования специфических реагентов. 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА МОЛОЧНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЛИМЕРОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ОСТАТОЧНЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР

... 1. Способ термической стабилизации полимера, содержащего остатки Sn(II), Sb(III), Pb(II), Bi(III), Fe(II), Ti(II), Ti(III), Mn(II), Mn(III) или Ge(II)-содержащего катализатора, путем обработки полимера при температуре выше его температуры плавления пероксидом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из пероксидов кетонов, органических гидропероксидов, перкислот, перекиси водорода и их смесей, при котором вышеуказанный пероксид используют в количестве меньшем, чем 0,2 мас.%, исходя из массы полимера, и при котором молярное отношение пероксидных функциональных групп вышеуказанного пероксида (р) к металлу (М) находится в интервале от 1 до 100; при этом вышеуказанный металл М выбран из группы, состоящей из Sn(II), Sb(III), Pb(II), Bi(III), Fe(II), Ti(II), Ti(III), Mn(II), Mn(III) и Ge(II). ! 2. Способ по п.1, где полимер получают с помощью полимеризации одного или нескольких мономеров, димеров и/или олигомеров, применяя Sn(II), Sb(III), Pb(II), Bi(III), Fe(II), Ti(II), Ti(III), Mn(II), Mn(III) или Ge ...

СПОСОБ ДОБЫЧИ ГАЗООБРАЗНЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ И/ИЛИ ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ИЗ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ПЛАСТОВ

Способ и каталитическая система для получения полимеров и блок-сополимеров

СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОГО СЛОЖНОГО ДИЭФИРА 2-ГИДРОКСИАЛКАНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЗ ПАРА

... 1. Способ удаления циклического сложного диэфира 2-гидроксиалкановой кислоты из пара, содержащего указанный сложный диэфир, в котором пар приводят в контакт с водным раствором, так что сложный диэфир растворяется в указанном растворе, отличающийся тем, что раствор является щелочным раствором.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что сложный диэфир является лактидом, а гидроксиалкановая кислота является молочной кислотой.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что pH раствора поддерживают выше 10.4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что pH щелочного раствора поддерживают в требуемом интервале pH путем добавления основания.5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что основание представляет собой гидроксид металла.6. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что основание добавляют непрерывно.7. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что количество основания, добавляемого в раствор, регулируют автоматически в зависимости от значения pH раствора.8. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что температуру раствора поддерживают ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ (СО)ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЛАКТИДА И ГЛИКОЛИДА

... 1. Применение каталитической системы, образованной (a) полимерным катализатором (1) на основе сильнокислотной ионообменной смолы и (b) (со)олигомеризационной добавкой общей формулы (2) R1-E-R2 (2) в которой Е представляет собой элемент 16-ой группы; R1 представляет собой атом водорода или дейтерия; R2 представляет собой атом водорода или дейтерия или группу в формуле -E14(R14)(R'14)(R''14); E14 является элементом 14-ой группы; R14, R'14, R''14 представляют собой, независимо, атом водорода; атом дейтерия; один из следующих замещенных или не замещенных радикалов - алкил, циклоалкил или арил, и в котором указанный заместитель или заместители выбраны из галогена, гидроксила, алкила, алкоксила, циклоалкила, циклоалкоксила, арила, арилокси, карбоксила, алкоксикарбонила, циклоалкоксикарбонила и арилоксикарбонила, для (со)олигомеризации лактида и гликолида с раскрытием цикла. 2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что количество мономера по отношению к (со)олигомеризационной добавке находится ...

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО НЕТКАНОГО ПОЛИМЕРНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ДЛЯ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ

Изобретение относится к химии, более конкретно, к области полимерных материалов медицинского назначения. Предложен способ изготовления композиционного нетканого полимерного материала для регенерации костной ткани, согласно которому гранулы поли(L-лактида) растворяют в трихлорметане с получением полимерного раствора с концентрацией 3 мас.%, после чего полученный полимерный раствор выдерживают в течение 48 ч при нормальных условиях, затем в полимерный раствор добавляют 30 об.% ацетона от объема указанного раствора и 10-30 мас.% порошка гидроксиапатита от массы поли(L-лактида), полученную смесь гомогенизируют в ультразвуковой ванне до однородного состояния и далее используют для электроспиннинга электродом-фильерой в виде иглы и осаждающим электродом в виде крутящегося вала при расстоянии между иглой и осаждающим электродом 180 мм, скорости расхода смеси 6 мл/ч, напряжении 20 кВ, внутреннем диаметре иглы 0,413 мм и скорости вращения крутящегося вала диаметром 100 мм 50 об/мин. Изобретение ...

BIOLOGISCH ABBAUBARE BZW. KOMPOSTIERBARE HOT MELT-KLEBSTOFFE, ENTHALTEND POLYESTER AUF BASIS VON MILCHSÄURE

MESO-LACTID UND VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunstharzen

Process for the preparation of a polylactone of a poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylic acid

A polylactone derived from a polyl- alpha -hydroxyacrylic acid is produced in improved yield, at lower cost and in conventional reaction apparatuses by a special process which comprises the following steps: (A) reaction of an alpha -ss-dichloropropionic ester with a basic substance in a molar ratio in the range from 1 : 1.9/n to 1 : 3.0/n, where n is the acid number of the basic substance, in an aqueous reaction medium; (B) mixing the resulting solution of a salt of alpha -chloroacrylic acid with an acidic substance in an equivalent ratio of from 1 : 0.02 to 1 : 3.0, where this ratio is that of acidic substance to basic substance, and (C) polymerisation of the resultant reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 40@ to 200@C.

Hochfeste Fasern aus Copolymeren von L-Lactid, E-Caprolacton, und Trimethylencarbonat und daraus hergestellte resorbierbare medizinische Gegenstände

Verfahren zur Herstellung hochmolekularer Kondensationsprodukte

Beschichtetes Katgut Nahtmaterial

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Prozessdämpfen bei der Polylactidherstellung

MISCHPOLYMERISATE AUS LACTIDEN UND GLYKOLIDEN UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYESTERN MIT FREIEN SÄUREFUNKTIONEN ENTLANG DER KETTE

POLYMERISATE, VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG UND IHRE VERWENDUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON POLYURETHANEN

PIVALOLACTON-RANDOM-PFROPFMISCHPOLYMERISATE

PREPARATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS

... 1,235,938. Organolithium adducts. PHILLIPS PETROLEUM CO. 1 Nov., 1968 [2 Nov., 1967 (2); 2 May, 1968], No. 51893/68. Heading C2J. [Also in Division C3] Adducts are prepared by reacting lithium with trans-stilbene in a tetrahydrofuran/diethyl ether solvent or with methyl naphthalene in diethyl ether followed by addition of isoprene and solubilization of the reaction product with butadiene.

PRODUCTION OF POLYLACTONES

... 1275081 Cross-linked polylactones GAF CORP 22 May 1969 [5 June 1968] 26179/69 Heading C3R Polylactones are cross-linked by heating, preferably at 100-250‹ C., with 0À5% to 10% by weight based on the polylactone of a free radical initiator, the precursor polylactone being a homopolymer of branched lactone monomers, a copolymer of mixed branched lactone monomers, a copolymer of branched lactone monomers and unbranched lactone monomers, or a copolymer of mixed unbranched lactone monomers, the copolymers having unbranched lactone moieties containing not less than 5 mole per cent of any lactone comonomer. The branched lactones are of the formula wherein Q 2 is -O-, -S-, or -CRR 1 -; the R's are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, aryl and aryloxy; m and n are integers from 1 to 10; and m + n is at least 3; the total number of non-hydrogen R's being from 1 to 4, and the unbranched lactones are of the formula wherein Q 1 is -O-, -S-, or - ...

Catalyzed polymerization of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LACTONE BLOCK OR GRAFT COPOLYMERS

... 1325378 Lactone block or graft copolymerization PHILLIPS PETROLEUM CO 10 Dec 1970 [10 Dec 1969] 58732/70 Heading C3P Block or graft copolymers are obtained by treating a polymer containing an alkali metal atom linked thereto a group with an oxygen-containing compound to form groups and contacting a lactone monomer therewith, wherein a compound containing at least two iso(thio)cyanate groups is added at any stage after addition of the oxygen-containing compound but before recovery of the product copolymer, and the oxygen-containing compound is an oxirane, epoxyaldehyde, epoxyketone, aldehyde, ketone, polyaldehyde or lactone. In Examples, styrene-butadiene twoblock copolymers are formed in the presence of n-butyl lithium, cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran and the products contacted with #- caprolactone (as oxygenated compound and monomer, in separate quantities or a single batch), ethylene oxide/#-caprolactone, or the lactone of 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid/ethylene oxide and ...

POLYESTERS

A coated medical device

Lactic acid polymer

A polymer is comprises derived from (i) lactic acid or lactide, (ii) isosorbide, and (iii) a polycarboxylic acid, wherein the lactic acid/lactide component (i) forms mopre than 50% by weight of the polymer. The polymer results in a polymer having a higher glass transition temperature.

POLYMERS FOR INJECTION MOLDING OF ABSORBABLE SURGICAL DEVICES

Polyurethane and method of producing same

The invention provides a polyurethane comprising (a) organic diisocyanate units and (b) polycaprolactone polyol units having a narrow molecular weight distribution in which the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight is in the range of from 1.1 to 2.0 and the average molecular weight is 500 to 5,000, the units (a) and (b) being connected linearly through urethane linkages. The invention also provides a process for producing such polyurethanes.

Lactone stabilization

A stabilized lactone composition comprises (a) an a -substituted b -lactone of from 4-10 carbon atoms of formula wherein R is alkyl and R1 is hydrogen or alkyl and (b) from 0.001% mole-0.5% mole based on the total composition of an addition compound of boron trihalide and an organic non-ionizable Lewis base suitably an organic compound of formula (R11)3E wherein E is nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony and each R11 is hydrogen or a C1- 20 hydrocarbon group with the proviso that two R11 together may form a divalent hydrocarbon moiety of from 4-20 C. atoms, an ether, aldehyde or ketone. An example describes compositions containing a ,a -dimethyl-b -propiolactone and one of the following; BF3(C6H5)3P, BF3 (C6H5)3N, BF3.(C2H5)2O.

CONDENSATION POLYMERS

Non-ionic PVP-PLA block copolymers and pharmaceutical compositions derived therefrom

Improvements in and relating to foamed polymers

Foamed polymers of oxyalkylene-carboxyalkylenes (produced by reaction of a polyfunctional focal compound, a lactone and a 1, 2-epoxide as described and claimed in Specification 880,923 are prepared by reacting the oxyalkylenecarboxyalkylene polymers with water and a substantial molar excess, preferably 100-700% by weight, of polyisocyanate. A considerable number of isocyanates, including higher functional polyisocyanates, are specified. The rigidity of the foam produced depends on the molecular weight of the oxyalkylene-carboxyalkylene polymer employed, viz. polymers of molecular weight 100-1600 for semi-rigid foams, for flexible, open-cell foams the polymer should be substantially linear and have a molecular weight of 1600-2800, and for flexible, closed-cell foams the polymer should be branched and have a molecular weight of 3500-6000. A specified blend has 70 to 95% of a linear oxyalkylene-carboxyalkylene polymer having an average molecular weight of 1600-2800 and 30 to 50% of a branched ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC A CIDS

PH-RESPONSIVE BIOLOGICAL DEGRADABLE ONES POLYMILCHSÄUREDERIVATE, POLYMERMICELLEN FORMING, AND THEIR USE TO THE SUPPLY OF BADLY WATER-SOLUBLE MEDICINE MATERIALS

QUICK DRYING COATING MEANS

CONTAINER IMPLANT

COMPOSITION ON BASIS OF ALIPHATIC POLYESTER RESIN AND MOLDED ARTICLE

HIGH-STRENGTH BIOABSORBABLE MATERIALS, POLYGLYKOLSÄURE CONTAINING

DEGRADABLE POLYMERS IMPLANTIERBARE MEDICAL DEVICES WITH A CONTINUOUS PHASE AND A DISCRETE PHASE

USE OF A VERY MUCH PROPERTY BLOOD-COMPATIBLE AND BIOLOGICAL DEGRADABLE ONE POLYMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE MODIFICATION BIOLOGICAL OF DEGRADABLE ONES OF POLYMERS

VERFAHREN ZUR REINIGUNG ZYKLISCHER DIESTER DER MILCHSÄURE

TIFF 00000042.TIF 293 208 TIFF 00000043.TIF 293 208 ...

SEVERAL TIMES RADIAL BYPASS POLYMER AND POROUS FILM USING OF IT

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NEUEN, UNSYMMETRISCH SUBSTITUIERTEN 1,4-DIOXAN- 2,5 -DIONEN

PRODUCTION OF POLYMILCHSAEURE AND COPOLYMERS FROM IT.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION POLYMERS OF A LACTIDS.

THERMAL REPRINT FOIL.

CHIRURGISCHES NAHTMATERIAL MIT VERBESSERTEN VERKNOTUNGSEIGENSCHAFTEN UND ABSORBIERBARE BESCHICHTUNGSZUBEREITUNG HIEFUR

SPRAYING PROCEDURE USING A GAS FLOW FOR THE PRODUCTION BIOLOGICAL OF DEGRADABLE FIBRILLEN

PROCEDURE AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE REDUCTION OR AVOIDANCE OF THE POST OFFICE-OPERATIONAL ADHESION FORMATION

BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADABLE COPOLYMERS AND PLASTIC ARTICLES FROM BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADABLE ONE 3-HYDROXYHEXANOAT COPOLYMERS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NANOKOMPOSITPOLYESTER

DIAMIDO ALKOXIDES AS POLYMERIZATION STARTERS

SULFONATE GROUPS ABSTENTION POLYESTERPOLYOLE

POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURE WITH THE MONO AND DI FUNCTIONAL INITIATORS FOR THE PRODUCTION FAST OF CRYSTALLIZATIONS POLYLACTON POLYMERS USES

Procedure for degassing of β-Lactonpolymerisaten

SURGICAL SEAM MATERIAL WITH IMPROVED INTERLOCKING CHARACTERISTICS AND ABSORB-CASH COATING PREPARATION HIEFUER

DEGRADABLE POLYMER COMPOSITION

PRODUCTION OF A MAKROMANOMERS

PROCEDURE FOR MODIFYING MEDICAL MATERIAL ON THE BASIS OF LAKTATPOLYMER

COMPOSITION the POLY (3-HYDROXYALKANOATE) CONTAINS

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS

Against self polymerization stabilized Lactonpräparat

FUSIONSTABLE LACTIDPOLYMERGEWEBE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION

Absorbable polymer blend compositions having enhanced nucleation rates

Novel absorbable, semi-crystalline, polymer blend compositions are disclosed exhibiting enhanced crystallization and nucleation rates. Also disclosed are medical device constructs, such as fibers made from such blends. The blends have a first absorbable polymeric component having a first molecular weight distribution and a second absorbable polymeric component which has an ultrahigh molecular weight distribution. The first and second polymeric components may be the same polymer.

A PROCESS FOR PREPARING A POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND

RANDOM COPOLYMERS OF P-DIOXANONE, LACTIDE AND/OR GLYCOLIDE AS COATING POLYMERS FOR SURGICAL FILAMENTS

Biodegradable Branched Polylactide Derivatives Capable of Forming Polymeric Micelles, and the Preparation Method and Use

Block copolymers of polycaprolactone and poly (propylene fumarate)

Furanone-initiated polymers

Polymers initiated with furanones and compositions containing such polymers are suitable for use in making textiles, medical devices, delivery agents, packaging materials, coatings for such items, and the like.

POLYMERS FOR DELIVERING PEPTIDES AND SMALL MOLECULES IN VIVO

CONTINUOUS RELEASE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS

Biodegradable chewing gum and method manufacturing such chewing gum

Biodegradable polyhydric alcohol esters

Biodegradable phase separated segmented multi block co-polymers

CHEWING GUM HAVING IMPROVED RELEASE OF CHEWING GUM INGREDIENTS

Polylactone polymers prepared from monol and diol polymerization initiators possessing two or more carboxylic acid groups

The present invention is directed to a novel polymerization process for making novel absorbable, linear polylactone polymers prepared using novel polymerization initiators to achieve rates of mechanical property loss or of absorption of articles made from the polymers that are at least about 1.2 times faster than the rates of mechanical property loss of polymers made by similar processes utilizing conventional initiators. The novel polymerization initiators include monols or diols possessing at least one primary alcohol group and two or more carboxylic acid groups. The invention also is directed to absorbable polylactone polymers prepared by processes of the present invention and to medical devices made from such polymers.

Systems and processes for polymer production

Disclosed are compositions, systems and methods related to a polypropiolactone composition comprising polypropiolactone polymers. Such polymers include polypropiolactone chains of Formula (I): [Formula should be inserted here] where ...

Phase-separated biocompatible polymer compositions for medical uses

Hydroxamate-initiated polymers

HYDROXAMA TE-INITIA TED POLYMERS Abstract Polymers initiated with hydroxamates and compositions containing such polymers 5 are suitable for use in making medical devices, delivery agents, coatings for such items, and the like.

Polymeric biomaterials derived from monomers comprising hydroxyacids and phenol compounds and their medical uses

The present invention provides new classes of phenolic compounds derived from hydroxyacids and tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and the biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomelic hydroxyarid-phenolic compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbability and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications., such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric hydroxy acid-phenolic compounds and biocompatible polymers.

Continuous process for the manufacture of lactide and lactide polymers

Biodegradable and compostable food packaging unit from a moulded pulp material with a cellulose-base laminate layer, and method for manufacturing such food packaging unit

The present invention relates to a biodegradable food packaging unit (2) from a moulded pulp material and a method for manufacturing such biodegradable packaging unit. The packaging according to the invention comprises a food receiving or carrying compartment having a food contact surface, wherein the moulded pulp material comprises an amount of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester; wherein the food contact surface comprises a cellulose-based laminate layer (10); and wherein the food packaging unit is a compostable food packaging unit. In a preferred embodiment the amount of biodegradable aliphatic polyester is in the range of 0.5-20 wt. %, more preferably in the range of 1-15 wt. %.

A process for the production of a condensation product of a carboxylic acid

Bioadhesive compounds and methods of synthesis and use

The invention describes new synthetic medical adhesives and antifouling coatings which exploit the key components of natural marine mussel adhesive proteins.

Branched poly (hydroxy acid) and production process thereof

Process for manufacturing a polymer by polycondensation of a hydroxy acid, said polymer comprising at least 80% by weight of units that correspond to the hydroxy acid, according to which at least one polyfunctional reactant capable of giving rise to the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network is mixed with the hydroxy acid, and according to which the mixture is subjected to temperature and pressure conditions and for a duration which are all suitable for giving rise to the formation of the network. Poly(hydroxy acid) (PHA) obtainable by such a process.

Polylactic acid-based resin composition and method for manufacturing the same

As pellets suddenly soften by crystallization heat at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature due to the characteristics of polylactic acid and a blocking phenomenon occurs, there is a need for inhibiting the blocking phenomenon. It is thus an object of the present invention to improve productivity of a polylactic acid resin and a polylactic acid-based resin composition comprising polylactic acid as a main component by inhibiting the blocking phenomenon. Aiming at solving above problems, in the present invention, a resin composition comprising polylactic acid or a blend of polylactic acid and another resin obtained by manufacturing the polylactic acid by polymerization or blending the polylactic acid and the another resin after manufacturing the polylactic acid is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of the glass transition temperature of polylactic acid ±10° C. for 15 minutes or more before a drying and crystallization treatment.

Terpolymers as pressure-sensitive adhesives

Disclosed herein are terpolymers that can function as pressure-sensitive adhesives. The disclosed articles comprise the terpolymers adhered to a release liner. The disclosed implant devices comprise the pressure-sensitive adhesive terpolymer adhered to a surface thereof. The pressure-sensitive adhesive terpolymer can promote adhesion of the implant device to a location in a subject.

Catalytic systems for immortal ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates

The present invention discloses new catalyst systems based on complexes of divalent metals supported by chelating phenoxy ligands for immortal ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates.

Thermoplastic Composition

The invention relates to a composition containing a particulate solid, a plastic material and a compound obtained/obtainable by a process comprising (i) reacting at a temperature of 120° C. or less, or 100° C. or less a hydroxycarboxylic acid and a lactone; and (ii) optionally reacting the product of (i) with a C 1-50 carboxylic acid. The invention further relates to novel compounds, and the use of the compound as a dispersant in a plastic material.

Polymers bearing pendant pentafluorophenyl ester groups, and methods of synthesis and functionalization thereof

A one pot method of preparing cyclic carbonyl compounds comprising an active pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group is disclosed. The cyclic carbonyl compounds can be polymerized by ring opening methods to form ROP polymers comprising repeat units comprising a side chain pentafluorophenyl ester group. Using a suitable nucleophile, the pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group can be selectively transformed into a variety of other functional groups before or after the ring opening polymerization.

Biodegradable endoprostheses and methods for their fabrication

Biodegradable endoprostheses are formed from amorphous polymers having desirable biodegradation characteristics. The strength of such amorphous polymers is enhanced by annealing to increase crystallinity without substantially increasing the biodegradation time.

Method for producing polyesters and co-polyesters from lactones

The invention relates to a method for producing polyesters and co-polyesters from lactones

BONDING AGENT AND DEVICE FOR USE IN MICROFLUIDICS

Disclosed embodiments concern a microfluidic device comprising a bonding agent and two or more components. In particular disclosed embodiments, the microfluidic device is made out of the disclosed bonding agent. Also disclosed are embodiments of a method for making a microfluidic device, wherein the method includes using the disclosed bonding agent to couple two or more components together. 4. The device of where the bonding agent is selected from polycaprolactone claim 1 , polycaprolactone diol claim 1 , polycaprolactone triol claim 1 , polycaprolactone-block-polytetrahydrofuan-block polycaprolactone claim 1 , poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone claim 1 , poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) methyl ether claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. (canceled)6. The device of where the bonding agent is a thin film.79-. (canceled)10. The device of where the first component and the second component independently are selected from a lamina claim 1 , a microchip claim 1 , a port claim 1 , a valve claim 1 , and a portable detector.1114-. (canceled)15. The device of where the first component and/or the second component comprises at least one channel.1624-. (canceled)2627-. (canceled)2930-. (canceled)32. The device of where the hydrophilic substrate is paper.3334-. (canceled)35. A method of making the device of where the at least one channel is defined to have a particular pattern by adding a solution of the bonding agent in a manner that defines the boundary of the particular pattern.36. A method of making the device of where the hydrophilic substrate is coated with the bonding agent.37. The method of where the hydrophilic substrate is exposed to a radiation source claim 36 , which provides energy sufficient to penetrate the hydrophilic substrate and melt or substantially soften the bonding agent claim 36 , which is exposed to define the at least one channel.39. The method of where the first component and the second component independently are selected from a ...

Unsaturated Polyester Resins Modified by Substitution, with Lactic Acid, of an Acid and Alcohol Component of the Polyester

The invention relates to an unsaturated polyester resin comprising a) a lactic acid-modified unsaturated polyester and b) a copolymerizable comonomer, with replacement, with lactic acid, in the composition of an initial polyester, of: i) up to 90 mol % of phthalic anhydride of the acid component of the initial polyester, the acid component comprising from 80 to 20 mol % of maleic anhydride (MA) or fumaric acid, and from 20 to 80 mol % of phthalic anhydride (PA), the polyol component of the initial polyester comprising from 50 to 100 mol % of propylene glycol (PG) and from 0 to 50 mol % of a polyol among ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG) and/or 1,3-butylene glycol and/or 1,4-butanediol and/or neopentyl glycol (NPG), ii) up to 100% of a polyol from DPG and DEG, present in an initial overall molar amount ranging up to 50% of the polyol component of the initial polyester and also comprising PG, with the acid component of the initial polyester being maleic anhydride (MA) or fumaric acid, optionally in the presence of up to 20 mol % of the phthalic anhydride (PA) acid component, and in this case with the initial phthalic anhydride (PA) also being up to 100% replaced with lactic acid and with the molar ratio of lactic acid relative to the acid component, without including the lactic acid, of said polyester a) being at most 1.75. The invention also relates to a thermosetting composition comprising the resin and to the uses of these resins and thermosetting compositions in moulding compositions or in general-purpose compositions.

Microorganisms and methods for the production of caprolactone

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing caprolactone pathways having at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a butadiene pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce caprolactone. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce caprolactone by culturing a non-naturally occurring microbial organism containing caprolactone pathways as described herein under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce caprolactone.

Method for producing polylactic acid

To provide a method capable of producing stereocomplex polylactic acid, the method being capable of using carbon neutral materials that are not competitive from foods, such as saccharides, without the use of a method for designing optical resolution, which requires complicated operations and high cost and is difficult to perform mass production. The production method of the present invention comprises: a step of reacting glycerin with sodium hydroxide in high-temperature and high-pressure water to produce a racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution; a step of separating sodium from the racemic sodium lactate aqueous solution to recover racemic lactic acid; a step of dimerizing the racemic lactic acid to produce a lactide mixture containing meso lactide and racemic lactide; a step of separating meso lactide from the mixture to recover racemic lactide; and a step of polymerizing the racemic lactide with a salen-metal complex as a catalyst to produce stereocomplex polylactic acid.

Process for production of poly(lactic acid)-type resin, and poly(lactic acid)-type prepolymer

A method of producing a poly(lactic acid) resin includes carrying out direct polycondensation using lactic acid as a main raw material to prepare a crystallized prepolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 25,000, an enthalpy of fusion ΔHm of 50 to 65 J/g and an acid value A mol/ton satisfying (1) below: 450/(Mw/10,000−0.14)<A<950/(Mw/10,000−0.14)   (1) (wherein Mw represents weight average molecular weight of the crystallized prepolymer); and subjecting the crystallized prepolymer to solid-phase polymerization.

Condensation and washing device, polymerisation device and method for cleaning process steam during the production of polylactide

The present invention relates to a condensation and washing device with which in particular the process vapours which occur during the production of polylactide can be processed and cleaned. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a polymerisation device for the production of polylactide and also to a method for processing process vapours which occur during the production of polylactide; possibilities for use of both the condensation and washing devices and of the method are likewise mentioned.

Manufacture of polylactide-based articles by rotational molding

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing polylactide-based articles by rotational moulding and also to the articles obtained by the method. 1. A process for the manufacture of a polylactide-based article by rotational molding , comprising the following stages:a) placing at least polylactide in a mold,b) subjecting the polylactide to a rotational molding which comprises heating to a temperature of between 150° C. and 230° C.,c) cooling the mold and/or the article obtained,d) removing the article from the mold.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the cooling of the mold and/or of the article obtained in stage (c) is carried out in just one stage down to a temperature of between ambient temperature and a temperature of less than 100° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the cooling of the mold and/or of the article obtained in stage (c) comprises the following stages:i) cooling down to a temperature of between 100° C. and 150° C.,ii) maintaining at this temperature for 1 to 60 minutes,iii) cooling down to a temperature of between ambient temperature and a temperature of less than 100° C.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , characterized in that the cooling in stage (i) takes place down to a temperature of between 100° C. and 130° C.5. The process as claimed in or claim 3 , characterized in that stage (ii) takes place for 1 to 30 minutes.6. The process as claimed in to claim 3 , characterized in that the polylactide is in the form of particles having a size of between 20 μm and 2000 μm claim 3 , preferably between 50 μm and 1000 μm and more preferably between 100 μm and 800 μm.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , characterized in that the polylactide is in the form of microgranules or in the form of powder or of a mixture of microgranules and powder.8. The process as claimed in to claim 6 , characterized in that the polylactide is PLLA claim 6 , PDLA and/or a mixture of PLLA and PDLA.9. The process ...

Biodegradable resin composition

The present invention is a biodegradable resin composition comprising a sparingly hydrolyzing biodegradable resin (A) and an ester decomposition promoter (B), the ester decomposition promoter (B) being a copolymerized polyester that contains a segment (X) of a sparingly hydrolyzing polyester and a segment (Y) of an easily hydrolyzing polyester at a weight ratio of 10/90<X/Y<75/25. The biodegradable resin composition of the present invention features excellent biodegradability as well as excellent transparency.

TRICYCLO COMPOUND-POLYMER CONJUGATE

A tricycle compound-polymer conjugate including a conjugate comprising a tricyclo compound and an alkyl substituted polylactide compound is provided. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the conjugate is also provided. 1. A conjugate comprising a tricyclo compound and an alkyl substituted polylactide compound.5. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein n is 1 to 75.6. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein n is 1 to 50.7. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Rand Rare hydrogen; and Rand Rare lower alkyl.8. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 4 , wherein m is from 0 to 20.9. The conjugate of claim 8 , wherein m is from 0 to 12.10. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Zis —CH; Rand Rare hydrogen; Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 4 , wherein m is from 0 to 20; and X is hydrogen.11. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Zis —CH; Rand Rare hydrogen; Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 4 , wherein m is from 0 to 12; and X is —C(O)—CH═CH.12. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Zis —CH—O—Z; Rand Rare hydrogen; Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 4 , wherein m=0 or m=5; and X is hydrogen.13. The conjugate of claim 4 , wherein Zis —CH—O—Z; Rand Rare hydrogen; Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 4 , wherein m=0 or m=5; and X is —C(O)—CH═CH.15. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein n is 1 to 75.16. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein n is 1 to 50.17. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein p is 1 to 250.18. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein Rand Rare hydrogen; and Rand Rare lower alkyl.19. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein Y is —O—(CH—CH—O)—CH.20. The conjugate of claim 14 , wherein Rand Rare —(CH)—CH claim 14 , wherein m is from 0 to 20.21. The conjugate of claim 20 , wherein m is from 0 to 12.22. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate is injectable.23. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate is formulated for parenteral administration.24. The conjugate of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate is formulated for eye local administration.25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a conjugate ...

Novel sustained release polymer

A polymer and a method for its preparation are provided. The polymer comprises poly(lactide), poly(lactide/glycolide) or poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid) segments bonded by ester linkages to both ends of an alkanediol core unit. The polymer is for use in a controlled release formulation for a medicament, preferably leuprolide acetate. The controlled release formulation is administered to a patient as a subcutaneous depot of a flowable composition comprising the polymer, a biocompatible solvent, and the medicament. Controlled release formulations comprising the polymer release leuprolide for treatment of prostate cancer patients over periods of 3-6 months.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING POLYLACTIC ACID-BASED RESIN MICROPARTICLES, POLYLACTIC ACID-BASED RESIN MICROPARTICLES AND COSMETICS

A process of producing polylactic acid-based resin microparticles includes a dissolving process that forms a system, which can cause phase separation into two phases of a solution phase mainly composed of polylactic acid-based resin (A) and a solution phase mainly composed of polymer (B) different from polylactic acid-based resin, by dissolving the polylactic acid-based resin (A) and the polymer (B) different from polylactic acid-based resin in an ether-based organic solvent (C), an emulsion-forming process that forms an emulsion by applying a shear force to the system, and a microparticle-forming process that precipitates polylactic acid-based resin microparticles by contacting the emulsion with a poor solvent which has lower solubility of the polylactic acid-based resin (A) than the ether-based organic solvent (C). 115-. (canceled)16. A process of producing polylactic acid-based resin microparticles comprising:a dissolving process that forms a system, which can cause phase separation into two phases of a solution phase mainly composed of polylactic acid-based resin (A) and a solution phase mainly composed of polymer (B) different from polylactic acid-based resin, by dissolving said polylactic acid-based resin (A) and said polymer (B) different from polylactic acid-based resin in an ether-based organic solvent (C);an emulsion-forming process that forms an emulsion by applying a shear force to said system; anda microparticle-forming process that precipitates polylactic acid-based resin microparticles by contacting said emulsion with a poor solvent which has lower solubility of said polylactic acid-based resin (A) than said ether-based organic solvent (C).17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein said ether-based organic solvent (C) has a boiling point of 100° C. or higher.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein said ether-based organic solvent (C) is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.19. The process according to claim 16 , wherein said polymer (B) ...

POLYLACTIC ACID BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND PREPARATION METHODS THEREOF

Disclosed are a polylactic acid block copolymer and a preparation method thereof. The polylactic acid block copolymer comprises block A and block B, and is presented as B-b-A-b-B triblock structure, wherein the block A is a cyclic aromatic polyester oligomer block, and the block B is a polylactic acid block. The polylactic acid block copolymer is obtained by ring-opening copolymerization of a cyclic aromatic polyester oligomer and a lactide. Disclosed are another polylactic acid block copolymer and a preparation method thereof. The polylactic acid block copolymer comprises block A and block B, and is presented as B-b-A-b-B triblock structure, wherein the block A is an aromatic polyester block with two hydroxyl end groups, and the block B is a polylactic acid block. The polylactic acid block copolymer is obtained by ring-opening copolymerization of an aromatic polyester with two hydroxyl end groups and a lactide. 2. A method for making polylactic acid block copolymer , wherein comprises the following steps:{'sub': '2', 'Step (1): under N, an intermediate is obtained by reacting a cyclic aromatic polyester oligomer with 1,1,6,6-tetra-n-butyl-1,6-distanna-2,5,7,10-tetraoxacyclodecane in a first type of solvent; wherein the cyclic aromatic polyester oligomer is one or more selected from the group consisting of cyclic polyethylene terephthalate, cyclic poly ethylene isophathlate, cyclic poly ethylene 1,4-naphthalate, cyclic poly ethylene 1,5-naphthalate, cyclic poly ethylene naphthalate, cyclic poly butylene terephthalate, cyclic poly butylene isophathlate, cyclic poly butylene 1,4-naphthalate, cyclic poly butylene 1,5-naphthalate, cyclic poly butylene naphthalate, cyclic poly trimethylene terephthalate, cyclic poly trimethylene isophathlate, cyclic poly trimethylene 1,4-naphthalate, cyclic poly trimethylene 1,5-naphthalate, cyclic poly trimethylene naphthalate, cyclic poly 1,6-hexylene terephthalate, cyclic poly 1,6-hexylene isophathlate, cyclic poly 1,6-hexylene 1,4- ...

Cleaning device for separating dilactide from mixtures, polymerisation device, method for separating dilactide from mixtures and use thereof

The present invention relates to a device for separating a biodegradable, intermolecular cyclic diester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid from material mixtures which contain in addition the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid of the diester corresponding thereto. In particular, the diester is thereby dilactide and the acid lactic acid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for separating dilactide from material mixtures, which is based on a modified, distillative method. In addition, the present invention describes a polymerisation device, in particular for preparing polylactide. Likewise, purposes of use of both the devices and of the method are indicated.

Photodegradable Polycaprolactone Fumarate Block Copolymers

A polycaprolactone fumarate copolymer useful as a material for a biocompatible scaffold for tissue engineering applications is disclosed. The copolymer includes at least one caprolactone unit, at least one fumarate unit, and at least one third unit selected from the group consisting of acrylate units and styrenic units. A linking moiety forms a link between the third unit and at least one caprolactone unit or at least one fumarate unit. The linking moiety can be photodegradable. In one form, the third unit includes at least one methyl methacrylate unit. The copolymer can be used to form the wall of a nerve conduit.

Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyester for Use in Nonwoven Webs

A method for forming a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester suitable for use in fibers is provided. In one embodiment, for example, an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is melt blended with an alcohol to initiate an alcoholysis reaction that results in a copolyester having one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the alcoholysis conditions (e.g., alcohol and copolymer concentrations, catalysts, temperature, etc.), a modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting aliphatic-aromatic polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers also have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

Compositions for Grafting Fragrance Substances

This disclosure relates to composition for grafting fragrance substances, as well as related articles, consumer products, and methods. 1. A composition , comprising:a fragrance;a coupling agent;a polymerizable prepolymer;a graft initiator; anda catalyst.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent is a silane of formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'Si—RRRR\u2003\u2003(I),'}{'sub': 1', '1', '10', '2', '10', '2', '3', '4', '1', '10', '1', '10', '6', '30, 'in which Ris C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl, and each of R, R, and R, independently, is C-Calkyl, C-Calkoxy, or C-Caryl.'}3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein Ris vinyl and each of R claim 2 , R claim 2 , and Ris methoxy.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.1 ppm to 5000 ppm of the coupling agent.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable prepolymer comprises a polyalkylene prepolymer claim 1 , a urethane prepolymer claim 1 , an acrylic prepolymer claim 1 , an epoxy prepolymer claim 1 , a bisphenol A prepolymer claim 1 , a silicone prepolymer claim 1 , a polyester prepolymer claim 1 , a polyalkylene glycol prepolymer claim 1 , a polycarbodiimide prepolymer claim 1 , a polydiene prepolymer or a phenolic prepolymer.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the prepolymer comprises an isobutylene/butylene copolymer.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from 2 wt % to 50 wt % of the prepolymer.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the graft initiator comprises a salt of Ag claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , or Cu claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the graft initiator comprises silver perchlorate.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm of the graft initiator.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a peroxide claim 1 , a peracid claim 1 , a perbenzoate claim 1 , a metabisulfite claim 1 , a persulfate claim 1 , or ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING POLYMER MICROPARTICLES BY SPRAY PROCESS

The present invention relates to a method for preparing polymer microparticles by a spray process, wherein a polymer solution obtained by dissolving a polyester-based polymer in ethylene carbonate (hereinafter, referred to as “EC”), which is a solvent, is sprayed at a low temperature hydrocarbon or alcohol solution, thereby preparing frozen EC/polymer microparticles, the frozen EC/polymer microparticles are dissolved in a salt aqueous solution, thereby dissolving and removing EC, and the residual EC in water is removed by washing. 1. A method for preparing biodegradable polymer microparticles , comprising:{'sub': 5', '10, 'spraying a polymer/EC solution obtained by dissolving a biodegradable polyester polymer in ethylene carbonate (EC) onto a hydrocarbon solution of 5 to 10 carbons (Cto C) at −20° C. to 0° C. or an alcohol solution selected between methanol or ethanol, thus obtaining frozen polymer/EC microparticles;'}dissolving and eliminating the EC by inputting the polymer/EC microparticles; andwashing the remaining EC with water so as to eliminate the remaining EC, thus preparing biodegradable polymer microparticles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable polyester polymer is a polymer selected among Polylactic acid (PLA) claim 1 , Polyglycolic acid (PGA) claim 1 , Poly(D claim 1 ,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) claim 1 , Polycaprolactone (PCL) claim 1 , poly(valerolactone) claim 1 , poly(hydroxybutyrate) and poly(hydroxy valerate) and has a weight average molecular weight of 10 claim 1 ,000 to 250 claim 1 ,000.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable polyester polymer is dissolved in the ethylene carbonate (EC) until it has 1 to 25% (w/v).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of pentane claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , heptane claim 1 , octane claim 1 , nonane claim 1 , decane and petroleum ether.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the salt aqueous solution is NaCl of 5 to 30% (w/v) or ...

Novel Method for Purifying Polyesters

The invention relates to a method for purifying a polyester including impurities, said impurities including at least 0.1% by weight of a polyester or of residual monomer(s), including at least one step of: (ii) adding, to the polyester in a solvent, a functionalized material selected between a PAMAM dendrimer and a resin functionalized by one or more primary and/or secondary amine functions. Said method enables a low level of residual monomer(s) to be obtained while providing economically and environmentally advantageous reaction conditions. 1. Process for purification of polyester containing impurities , these impurities containing at least 0.1% residual monomer(s) by weight of polyester , comprising at least the step of:(ii) adding to the polyester in a solvent a functionalised material chosen from a PAMAM dendrimer and a resin functionalised by a primary and/or secondary amine function or functions2. Process according to additionally comprising the steps of:(iii) eliminating the functionalised material;(iv) eliminating the solvent.3. Process according to one of or claim 1 , in which the polyester is chosen from a polycaprolactone (PCL) claim 1 , a lactic acid polymer (PLA) claim 1 , a lactic and glycolic acid polymer (PLGA) and a glycolic acid polymer (PGA).4. Process according to one of to claim 1 , in which the polyester is a lactic acid polymer (PLA) or a lactic acid and glycolic acid polymer (PLGA).5. Process according to one of to claim 1 , in which the functionalised material is a resin claim 1 , preferably a resin functionalised by a primary amine function or functions.6. Process according to claim 5 , in which the functionalised resin used in step (ii) has the formula (I){'br': None, 'S-L \u2003\u2003(I)'}{'sub': 1', '15, 'in which L is a linear or branched Cto Calkyl chain or an aralkyl chain, in which one or more carbon atoms are replaced by a nitrogen atom,'}given that two successive carbon atoms cannot both be replaced by a nitrogen atom, andgiven ...

Calorimetric Crystallization Method for Evaluation of Monomer Purity

The present invention is directed to devices and methods for monitoring the purity of monomers, adjusting the polymerization conditions, and consequently improving a polymerization reaction process. In one method, monomer purity is estimated using an on-line evaluation by raising the temperature of the monomer formulation having a defined melting point to a first elevated temperature at least 20° C. above a preset melting point for a selected monomer formulation; cooling the monomer formulation at a controlled cooling rate in the range from about 0.5 to 50° C. per minute; measuring at least one critical property selected from the group consisting of a) crystallization peak temperature at the onset of crystallization, b) an area under the crystallization peak, which represents the heat or enthalpy of crystallization, ΔHc and combinations thereof, comparing the at least one of the selected critical properties measures relative to such properties for standard setting monomer formulations. 1. A method for on-line evaluation of monomer formulation purity comprising the steps of:a) Raising the temperature of the monomer formulation having a defined melting point to a first elevated temperature at least 20° C. above a preset melting point for a selected monomer formulation;b) Cooling the monomer formulation at a controlled cooling rate in the range from about 0.5 to 50° C. per minute;c) Measuring at least one critical property selected from the group consisting of a) crystallization peak temperature at the onset of crystallization, b) an area under the crystallization peak, which represents the heat or enthalpy of crystallization, ΔHc and combinations thereof;d) Comparing the at least one of the selected critical properties measures relative to such properties for standard setting monomer formulations; ande) Estimating the purity of the sample monomer formulation, wherein lower values for the temperature of the crystallization peak temperature or a smaller crystallization ...

BLOCK COPOLYMERS OF CYCLIC ESTERS AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING SAME

Novel processes of preparing block polyester copolymers while precisely controlling the stereoconfiguration (e.g., tacticity), chemical composition and/or length of each unit (block) are provided. Block polyester copolymers featuring desirable combinations of two or more blocks featuring different stereoconfiguration (e.g., tacticity), chemical composition and/or length, including triblock, tetrablock and higher block copolymers are also provided. A novel family of organometallic magnesium complexes and uses thereof in preparing polyesters and block polyester copolymers are also provided. 1. A process of ring opening polymerization of a cyclic ester , the process comprising contacting a plurality of monomers of said cyclic ester with a catalyst system comprising an organometallic magnesium complex , said organometallic magnesium complex comprising a Mg—X unit and a divergent {ONNN} ligand in coordination with said Mg—X.2. The process of claim 1 , being for preparing a polyester.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said cyclic ester is a lactide.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein X is other than alkoxy or aryloxy.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein X is selected from halo and amine.7. The process of claim 4 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris a bulky rigid alkyl.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said polymer is a block copolymer comprising a plurality of units claim 1 , at least two of said units independently comprise a plurality of polymerized monomers of a cyclic ester claim 1 , at least one unit of said at least two units comprises a plurality of polymerized monomers of a first cyclic ester claim 1 , and at least one another unit of said at least two units comprises a plurality of polymerized monomers of a second cyclic ester claim 1 , said second cyclic ester differing from said first cyclic ester by a stereoconfiguration and/or a chemical composition claim 1 , the process comprising:sequentially contacting a plurality of monomers of said first cyclic ester and ...

CURABLE ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF

A solvent-less hybrid curable composition is prepared from grafting polyesters or polyamides onto a (meth)acrylic copolymer backbone. Besides the many benefits of a solvent-less system, the hybrid curable composition forms strong adhesion to polar substrates, widens the use temperatures, and enables faster processing speeds than conventional hybrid curable compositions. The solvent-less hybrid curable composition forms an optically clear single phase that is suitable as tapes and labels, or in electronic, optoelectronic, OLED and photovoltaic devices, and the like. 1. A solvent-less , curable composition comprising , a hybrid copolymer having a random copolymer of meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone A and a plurality of oligomeric arms of polyesters B grafted onto the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone , (A1) a (meth)acrylic monomer,', '(A2) a copolymerizable hydroxyl group containing monomer; and, 'wherein the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone is a reaction product ofwherein the polyester B is grafted at the hydroxyl group onto the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone.2. The solvent-less claim 1 , curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer is a linear or branched aliphatic alkyl(meth)acrylate having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.3. The solvent-less claim 2 , curable composition of claim 2 , wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer is selected form the group consisting of a methyl methacrylate claim 2 , n-butylacrylate claim 2 , iso-butylacrylate claim 2 , 2-ethyl hexylacrylate claim 2 , isobutyl methacrylate claim 2 , and methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate.4. The solvent-less claim 1 , curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the copolymerizable hydroxyl group containing monomer is a hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with lactone adduct claim 1 , or adducts with lactone in the ethoxylated or propoxylated derivative of hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate claim 1 , hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate claim 1 , ...

LAMINATING ADHESIVES USING POLYESTER FROM TRANSESTERIFICATION OF POLYLACTIC ACID WITH NATURAL OILS

A specific mixture of polyols, at least one of which contains the transesterification product of the polymer polylactic acid with natural oils. The mixture of polyols can be used as one component of a two-component adhesive for laminating flexible packaging. The other component comprises an isocyanate-functionalized compound. The two components are combined before use and the resulting adhesive can be used to bond films to form a flexible packaging material. 1. An isocyanate reactive component for reaction with an isocyanate functionalized component to form a two-component laminating adhesive , comprising:a transesterification product of a reaction mixture comprising polymeric polylactic acid and at least one natural oil; anda high OH functionality polyol product.2. The isocyanate reactive component of wherein the reaction mixture comprises polymeric polylactic acid claim 1 , at least one natural oil and a diol having a molecular weight of about 50 to about 2000 daltons.3. The isocyanate reactive component of wherein the reaction mixture comprises:polylactic acid present in an amount of from 50 to 85 weight percent based on a total weight of the reaction mixture;at least one natural oil present in an amount of from 13 to 30 weight percent based on the total weight of the reaction mixture;a diol present in an amount of from 2 to 36 weight percent based on the total weight of the reaction mixture; andoptionally, a transesterification catalyst.4. The isocyanate reactive component of having a renewable content in the range of at least 70%.5. The isocyanate reactive component of having a viscosity of 3 claim 1 ,000 to 20 claim 1 ,000 cps at 25° C.6. The isocyanate reactive component of any of wherein the high OH functionality polyol product has at least about two primary hydroxyl groups and at least about two secondary hydroxyl groups.7. The isocyanate reactive component of wherein the natural oil is castor oil and/or soybean oil.8. A two-component adhesive for ...

Recombinant yeast cells producing polylactic acid and uses thereof

The present invention relates to a recombinant yeast cell comprising a gene encoding a protein exhibiting lactyl-CoA synthase activity and a gene encoding a protein exhibiting lactyl-CoA polymerase activity, said recombinant cell having the ability of producing polylactic acid (PLA), and the uses thereof.

POLYLACTIC POLYESTER RESIN, AQUEOUS POLYLACTIC POLYESTER RESIN DISPERSION, AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR AQUEOUS POLYLACTIC POLYESTER RESIN DISPERSION

A polylactic polyester resin having a chemical structure represented by Formula (1), an acid value of 300 to 2,500 eq/10g, a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 50,000, and a lactic acid content percentage of not less than 40 weight %, 1. A polylactic polyester resin having a chemical structure represented by Formula (1) , an acid value of 300 to 2 ,500 eq/10g , a number average molecular weight of 2 ,000 to 50 ,000 , and a lactic acid content percentage of not less than 40 weight % ,{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', 'p', 'q', 'r, 'Z—(O—(CHCHO)—(CO—Y—O)—X)\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein Z is an r-valent organic group, Y is —CH(CH)—, or a mixture of —CH(CH)— and a C2-10 linear or branched alkylene group, and X is a residue of a polybasic acid having 2 or more carboxyl groups, or hydrogen; each of X, Y, and Z may be one kind or a mixture of a plurality of different kinds; and p, q, and r are 0 or a positive integer, p has an average value of not less than 0.5, q has an average value of not less than 5, and r has an average value of not less than 3 and not more than 15.'}2. The polylactic polyester resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula (1) claim 1 , —(CO—Y—O)— is a random copolymer mainly formed of D-lactic acid residue or 6-hydroxycaproic acid residue claim 1 , or both claim 1 , and L-lactic acid residue; and the content percentage of L-lactic acid residue in the —(CO—Y—O)— is not more than 90 weight %.3. The polylactic polyester resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula (1) claim 1 , Z is a residue of polyhydric alcohol having r or more hydroxyl groups.4. The polylactic polyester resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula (1) claim 1 , Z is a polyglycerin residue and/or a sorbitol residue.5. The polylactic polyester resin according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula (1) claim 1 , X is a residue of one member claim 1 , or residues of two or more members selected from the group consisting of ...

SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

A method for preparing a film of solid polymer electrolyte, including: (i) providing a composition including, in one or more solvents, at least one (co)polymer of at least one cyclic monomer selected from lactones and cyclic carbonates with five to eight ring members; the (co)polymer or (co)polymers having free terminal hydroxyl functions; at least one crosslinking agent, at least one ionic conductive salt; and optionally, in the case of a crosslinking agent bearing at least one photosensitive reactive function, at least one photoinitiator compound; (ii) forming a dry film from the composition, in conditions unfavourable to crosslinking of the (co)polymer or (co)polymers; and (iii) bringing the film into conditions favourable to crosslinking of the (co)polymer or (co)polymers to form the film of solid polymer electrolyte. Also disclosed is a film of solid polymer electrolyte and use thereof in an electrochemical system, in particular in a lithium battery. 125-. (canceled)26. A method for preparing a film of solid polymer electrolyte , comprising:(i) providing a composition, comprising, in one or more solvents:at least one (co)polymer of at least one cyclic monomer selected from lactones and cyclic carbonates with five to eight ring members; said (co)polymer or (co)polymers having free terminal hydroxyl functions;at least one organic molecule, called “crosslinking agent”, bearing at least two reactive functions, said molecule being able to allow, under the action of external stimulation, crosslinking of said (co)polymer or (co)polymers by reaction with the hydroxyl functions of said (co)polymer or (co)polymers;at least one ionic conductive salt; andoptionally, in the case of a crosslinking agent bearing at least one photosensitive reactive function, at least one photoinitiator compound;(ii) forming a dry film from said composition, in conditions unfavourable to crosslinking of said (co)polymer or (co)polymers; and(iii) bringing said film into conditions favourable to ...

METHOD FOR MOLDING PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMER AND MOLDED BODY

A method for molding capable of molding a piezoelectric polymer into polymer piezoelectric materials having various shapes is provided. A vibration generator using a polymer piezoelectric material and a speaker capable of generating a high sound pressure and achieving flat sound pressure-frequency characteristics are provided. A material formed from a piezoelectric polymer is molded at a temperature not less than the glass transition temperature and less than the crystallization temperature of the piezoelectric polymer and is then heat-treated at a temperature not less than the crystallization temperature of the piezoelectric polymer. A vibration generator comprising a piezoelectric portion formed from a piezoelectric polymer; a first electrode disposed on a first main surface of the piezoelectric portion; and a second electrode disposed on a second main surface of the piezoelectric portion, which has a piezoelectric modulus of 0.5 pC/N or more and satisfies at least one of the following (a) to (c): 1. A method for molding a piezoelectric polymer , wherein a material formed from a piezoelectric polymer is molded by using a vacuum molding method at a temperature not less than the glass transition temperature and less than the crystallization temperature of the piezoelectric polymer and is then heat-treated at a temperature not less than the crystallization temperature of the piezoelectric polymer.2. (canceled)3. The method for molding according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum molding is performed while the material formed from a piezoelectric polymer is being pushed in by an auxiliary plug.4. The method for molding according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric polymer is polylactic acid or a copolymer containing lactic acid as a constituent unit.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the molding temperature is about 50 to 105° C.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is not less than the crystallization temperature ...

THERMAL PROCESSING OF POLYMER SCAFFOLDS

Methods are disclosed including thermally processing a scaffold to increase the radial strength of the scaffold when the scaffold is deployed from a crimped state to a deployed state such as a nominal deployment diameter. The thermal processing may further maintain or increase the expansion capability of the scaffold when expanded beyond the nominal diameter. 119.-. (canceled)21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising crimping the scaffold from the processed state to a crimped state over a delivery balloon having a nominal diameter.22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the thermal processing increases the crest angles of the rings.23. The method of claim 20 , wherein a diameter of the scaffold is fixed during the thermal processing which causes the crest angles to increase as the arc length decreases.24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the scaffold is made of a PLA polymer and the temperature is 70 to 90° C. and the time is 5 to 15 min.25. The method of claim 20 , further comprising disposing the scaffold over a tubular mandrel prior to the thermal processing claim 20 , wherein the scaffold diameter decreases to the outer diameter of the mandrel during the thermal processing.26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the thermal processing decreases an arc length of each ring.27. The method of claim 20 , wherein crest angles are less than 100° in the fabricated state and the temperature claim 20 , time claim 20 , scaffold diameter decrease claim 20 , or any combination thereof are selected such that the crest angles are 100° to 150° in the processed state.28. The method of claim 20 , wherein a thickness of the scaffold is 75 to 100 microns in the fabricated state and increases 10 to 30% during the thermal processing.29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the thermal processing is performed during a coating process.30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the fabricated state is an as-cut scaffold.31. The method of claim 20 , wherein a width of the scaffold decreases during ...

Process for Making Chemical Derivatives

Process and methods for making glycolic acid chemical intermediates and derivatives from biomass are described herein. 1. A continuous biorefinery process for the production of glycolide from a genetically engineered PHA biomass comprising ,a) culturing the genetically engineered PHA biomass to produce polyglycolide;b) heating the polyglycolide with a catalyst to produce a glycolide monomer component; andc) recovering the glycolide monomer, wherein the biomass is from a recombinant host selected from a plant crop, bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is dried prior to heating.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heating is pyrolysis claim 1 , torrefaction or flash pyrolysis.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of catalyst is about 5% to about 15%.5. A method of producing a glycolide component product from a genetically modified polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biomass claim 1 , comprising:heating the biomass optionally in the presence of a catalyst to release a glycolide component from the PHA, wherein the glycolide component yield is about 70% based on one gram of glycolide component per gram of polyhydroxyalkanoate, wherein the biomass is from a recombinant host selected from a plant crop, bacteria, a yeast, a fungi, an algae, a cyanobacteria, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the biomass is dried prior to heating.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the host is bacteria.8Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes eutrophusRalstonia eutrophaBacillusAlcaligenes latus, Azotobacter, Aeromonas, Comamonas, Pseudomonads, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, KlebsiellaSynechococcus, SynechococcusSynechocystisThermosynechococcus elongatusChlorobium tepidum Chloroflexusauranticus, Chromatium tepidum, Chromatium vinosum Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodobacter capsulatusRhodopseudomonas palustris.. The method of claim 7 , wherein the bacteria is selected ...

Method for synthesizing polylactide via living ring-opening polymerization

A method for synthesizing polylactide (PLA). The method employs RCOOCG, a nontoxic carboxylate of cyclic guanidine (CG), as a catalyst and non-toxic organic alcohol R′OH as an initiator to catalyze/initiate a living ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA). The method includes: 1) adding monomer LA, the catalyst RCOOCG, and the initiator R′OH to a reaction still, where an initial molar ratio of the monomer to the catalyst is [LA] 0 /[RCOOCG] 0 =1000-1500:1, an initial molar amount [R′OH] 0 of the initiator R′OH is determined by a number average molecular weight (M n ) of a target product PLA; 2) removing air in the reaction still, sealing the reaction still after a pressure in the reaction still is constant at between 1.0 and 0.1 torr; stirring and heating the reaction still in 30 to 40 minutes to a temperature between 95 and 96° C.; and allowing reactants in the reaction still to polymerization.

METHOD FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND/OR THERMAL PROCESSES

In a method for performing a reaction in a housing that has at least one feed point, at least one catalyst is mixed into the reactant, as a result of which the product reacts up to a desired degree of conversion. 110-. (canceled)11. A method for feeding a reagent and a catalyst to a reaction zone comprising the steps of:providing a reaction zone;feeding an amount of catalyst to the reaction zone with a first amount of reagent; andthereafter adding, in one or more subsequent steps at different time intervals, additional reagent to the reaction zone.12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the first amount of reagent is mixed with the catalyst before addition into the reaction zone.13. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the additional reagent is added to the reaction zone at separate feed points which are spatially separated.14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein a back mixing is impeded by providing internals on a shaft or a housing of the reaction zone between the separate feed points.15. The method as claimed in claim 11 , including adding an initiator to the reaction zone to initiate the reaction. In a method for performing mechanical, chemical and/or thermal processes in a reagent and/or product in a housing which has at least one feed point, where at least one catalyst is mixed into the reagent, as a result of which the product undergoes reaction up to a desired degree of conversion.Such devices are performed, for example, in mixer-kneaders. These serve highly diverse purposes. The first which may be mentioned is evaporation with solvent recovery, which proceeds batchwise or continuously and also frequently under vacuum. For example distillation residues, and in particular toluene diisocyanates, are treated hereby, but also production residues having toxic or high-boiling solvents from the chemical industry and pharmaceutical production, wash solutions and paint sludges, polymer solutions, elastomer solutions from solvent polymerization, ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF LACTIDE FROM LACTIC ACID

The present invention provides a method of producing D-type lactide from liquid D-type lactic acid, and a method for producing D-type polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 50,000˜20,000 g/mol from the produced D-type lactide. The method of the present invention is advantageous in that D-type lactide can be obtained at a high yield by a simple method, compared to the conventional production methods. Consequently, production cost of D-type polylactic acid that is finally obtained from D-type lactide can be reduced. 1. A method of producing D-type lactide , comprising the steps of:(a) converting liquid D-type lactic acid into D-type polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 600˜1200 g/mol at a temperature of about 130˜150° C. and a pressure of about 10˜200 torr;(b) converting the D-type polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 600˜1200 g/mol into gas stream by heating D-type polylactic acid in the presence of a zinc oxide catalyst at a temperature of about 230˜240° C. and at a pressure of 200 torr;(c) cooling the gas stream at a temperature of about −78˜10° C. to separate unreacted lactic acid from a mixture; and(d) mixing the mixture with water to separate D-type lactide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide catalyst exists in an amount of about 0.01˜1.5% by weight claim 1 , based on D-type polylactic acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a carrier gas is added and the retention time is controlled from about 5˜10 sec in step (b).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the carrier gas includes a nitrogen gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture and water are mixed at a volume ratio of about 1:0.5˜5 and at a temperature of about 5˜30° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unreacted lactic acid separated in step (c) is recycled to step (a) to create a continuous cycle.7. A method of producing D-type polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 50 claim ...

Thin Film Cell Encapsulation Devices

Thin film devices, e.g., multilayer thin film devices, that encapsulate cells for transplantation into a subject are provided. Also provided are methods of using and methods of preparing the subject devices. The thin film devices include a first porous polymer layer and a second porous polymer layer that define a lumen therebetween and encapsulate a population of cells within the lumen. The thin film devices can promote vascularization into the lumen of the device via the pores in the first polymer layer and/or second polymer layer; limit foreign body response to the device; limit ingress of cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines into the lumen via the first and the second polymer layers; and release from the first polymer layer and/or the second polymer layer molecules secreted by the population of cells. 133.-. (canceled)34. A device for transplanting a plurality of cells into a subject , said device comprising:(a) a lumen for enclosing a plurality of cells;(b) a biocompatible polymer surrounding said lumen and comprising a plurality of pores,wherein, when said lumen contains insulin-secreting cells, said insulin-secreting cells maintain a glucose stimulation index (GSI) for at least 20 days in vitro of at least 75% of a GSI as measured from Day 1 by a glucose stimulation assay.35. The device of claim 34 , wherein said glucose stimulation assay comprises: (i) incubating said insulin-secreting cells in 5 mM glucose; (ii) incubating said insulin-secreting cells in 15 mM glucose; and (iii) measuring a level of insulin secreted from said insulin-secreting cells in step (i) and step (ii).36. The device of claim 35 , wherein said GSI is a ratio of said level of insulin secreted from said insulin-secreting cells in step (i) to said level of insulin secreted from said insulin-secreting cells in step (ii).37. The device of claim 34 , wherein said insulin-secreting cells are MIN6 cells.38. The device of claim 34 , wherein said plurality of cells claim 34 , when present in ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER

A method for producing a polymer, including: (i) bringing a compressive fluid and raw materials containing a ring-opening polymerizable monomer into contact with each other at a mixing ratio represented by the following formula, to thereby allow the ring-opening polymerizable monomer to carry out ring-opening polymerization: 1>{Mass of the raw materials/(Mass of the raw materials+Mass of the compressive fluid)}≧0.5. 2. The method according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 3', '3, 'wherein the compressive fluid has a density of from 0.23 g/cmto 0.83 g/cm.'}3. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the bringing makes the ring-opening polymerizable monomer melt.4. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the ring-opening polymerization is conducted in the presence of an organic catalyst free from a metal atom.5. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein a polymerization rate of the ring-opening polymerizable monomer is 98 mol % or higher.6. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight of 12,000 or greater.7. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the compressive fluid comprises carbon dioxide.8. The method according to claim 4 ,wherein the organic catalyst is a basic nucleophilic nitrogen compound.9. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the ring-opening polymerizable monomer is a monomer having a ring structure comprising an ester bond therein.10. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein a lower limit of a temperature during the ring-opening polymerization in the bringing is lower than a melting point of the ring-opening polymerizable monomer by 50° C., andan upper limit of the temperature during the ring-opening polymerization in the bringing is higher than the melting point of the ring-opening polymerizable monomer by 50° C.11. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein an upper limit of a temperature during the ring-opening polymerization in the bringing is 100° C. The present invention relates to a method for producing a ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR

A piezoelectric actuator is provided, including a vibration plate, a piezoelectric layer, a plurality of individual electrodes arranged in two arrays, first and second common electrodes which have first and second facing portions facing parts of the individual electrodes and first and second connecting portions connecting the first and second facing portions respectively, and first and second wiring portions which are arranged on the vibration plate and which are connected to the first and second common electrodes respectively via first and second connecting wirings, wherein one of the first connecting wirings connects the first connecting portion and one of the first wiring portion while striding over the second connecting portion. 1. A piezoelectric actuator comprising:a piezoelectric layer;a common electrode arranged on an upper surface of the piezoelectric layer;two individual electrode arrays, each of the two individual electrode arrays including a plurality of individual electrodes aligned in an array direction; andtwo common traces connected to the common electrode and extending in the array direction.2. The piezoelectric actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the two individual electrode arrays are arranged between the two common traces in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the array direction.3. The piezoelectric actuator according to further comprising a first connecting trace connecting the two common traces.4. The piezoelectric actuator according to claim 3 , wherein the first connecting trace extends in the array direction.5. The piezoelectric actuator according to further comprising a second connecting trace connecting the two common traces.6. The piezoelectric actuator according to claim 5 , wherein the first connecting trace is located at one side claim 5 , of the two individual electrode arrays claim 5 , in the array direction claim 5 , and the second connecting trace is located at the other side claim 5 , of the two individual electrode arrays ...

SULFUR- AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING POLYMERS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources. 1. A method , comprising:combining a beta-lactone with a dithionite compound to produce a sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid; andcombining the sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid with a diol compound to produce a polymer by condensation polymerization,wherein the polymer comprises repeating sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid moieties.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-lactone combined with the dithionite compound produces a salt of the sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid claim 1 , and wherein the method further comprises neutralizing the salt of the sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid to produce the sulfonyl-dialkanoic acid.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-lactone is beta-propiolactone claim 1 , beta-butyrolactone claim 1 , or beta-valerolactone claim 1 , and wherein the dithionite compound is sodium dithionite or potassium dithionite.45-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diol compound is ethylene glycol.7. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 8 , wherein Ris alkyl or H claim 8 , and R claim 8 , R claim 8 , and Rare all H.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein Ris methyl or ethyl claim 10 , and Ris -alkyl-.1213-. (canceled)14. A method claim 10 , comprising:combining a beta-lactone with (i) hydrogen sulfide or a salt thereof, or (ii) a thiol compound to produce a sulfur-containing alkanoic acid; andpolymerizing the sulfur-containing alkanoic acid to produce a sulfur-containing polymer.1517-. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. The method of claim 18 , wherein Ris H or -alkyl claim 18 , and R claim 18 , Rand Rare all H claim 18 , Ris —Calkyl claim 18 , and Rv is unsubstituted -alkyl- or -alkyl- substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OH and —COOH.2224-. (canceled)25. The method of claim 20 , ...

MULTI-BLOCK COPOLYMERS

The present invention provides a multi-block copolymer comprising at least blocks A-B-A or B-A-B, wherein block A comprises a polyester formed by polymerisation of a lactone and/or a lactide; and block B comprises a copolyester formed by polymerisation of an epoxide and an anhydride, or a polycarbonate formed by polymerisation of an epoxide and carbon dioxide, and methods of production thereof. 1. A multi-block copolymer comprising at least blocks A-B-A or B-A-B ,wherein block A comprises a polyester formed by polymerisation of a lactone and/or a lactide; andblock B comprises a copolyester formed by polymerisation of an epoxide and an anhydride, or a polycarbonate formed by polymerisation of an epoxide and carbon dioxide, wherein the multi-block copolymer is characterised by one or more of features (i) to (iii):(i) a degree of crystallinity (χ) of block A of no more than 20% as determined by DSC; and/or(ii) a degree of crystallinity (χ) of block A of no more than 20% as determined by WAXS; and/or{'sub': g', 'g, '(iii) a measureable Tfor each of blocks A and B, with a difference of at least 10° C. between the Tfor blocks A and B.'}2. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer has a measureable Tfor each of blocks A and B claim 1 , with a difference of at least 10° C. between the Tfor blocks A and B.3. (canceled)4. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein block B has a Tof ≥30° C. claim 1 , and no more than 250° C.5. (canceled)6. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the multi-block copolymer is characterised by feature (i) or (ii) and feature (iii).7. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the weight content of block B claim 1 , with reference to block A claim 1 , is from 10 to 90% claim 1 , preferably 20 to 80% claim 1 , more preferably 30 to 55%.8. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , having a M(number average molecular weight) of claim 1 , at least 1 kg/mol.9. The multi-block copolymer of claim 1 , having a ...

CRYSTALLINE THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ARTICLE

The disclosed technology relates to an article, such as a hose, tube, sheet, film, or filament made from a crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition, wherein the crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition comprises the reaction product of a polyisocyanate component, a polyester polyol component, optionally a chain extender component, and optionally a catalyst. The article is produced by melt or extrusion processes. 1. A filament comprising:a crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition comprising:the reaction product of (a) a polyisocyanate component, (b) a polyol component, comprising a polyester polyol (c) optionally, a catalyst; and (d) optionally, a chain extender component, wherein the crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a melt enthalpy measured by DSC of at least about 17 J/g and/or a cooling enthalpy measured by DSC of at least about 15 J/g, wherein the filament shrinks less than 15% after exposure to 80° C. for 90 seconds.2. The article of where the article is prepared by melt-extrusion.3. The article of wherein the polyester polyol comprises a polycaprolactone polyester polyol.4. The article of wherein the polyester polyol consists essentially of a polycaprolactone polyester polyol.5. The article of wherein the polyester polyol component comprises polybutanediol succinate.6. The article of wherein the polyester polyol component consists essentially of polybutanediol succinate.7. The article of wherein the polybutanediol succinate has a molecular weight of about 3000 to about 6000.8. The article of claim 7 , wherein the polybutanediol succinate has a molecular weight of about 4000 to about 6000.9. The article of wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a melt enthalpy measured by DSC of at least 40 J/g.10. The article of wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane composition has a cooling enthalpy measured by DSC of at least 40 J/g.11. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polyol component further comprises ...

SALEN INDIUM CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF

The present application provides salen indium catalysts of the following general structure 127.-. (canceled)31. The complex of claim 28 , wherein at least one Ris an optionally substituted Calkyl claim 28 , an optionally substituted aryl claim 28 , an optionally substituted C-Ccyclic alkyl claim 28 , or Si(aryl); Ris H and Ris Calkyl. each Ris H claim 28 , Calkyl claim 28 , Ris H and Ris Calkyl.32. The complex of claim 28 , wherein Ris chiral and enantiomerically enriched claim 28 , or wherein Ris chiral and racemic or wherein Ris achiral.33. complex of claim 32 , wherein the stereochemistry of Ris (R claim 32 ,R).37. The method of claim 36 , wherein when a combination of two or more cyclic ester monomers are polymerized claim 36 , the different monomers are polymerized simultaneously or sequentially.38. The method of claim 36 , wherein the cyclic ester monomer is a lactide and the polymerization product is a polylactic acid.39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the lactide is L-lactide claim 38 , D-lactide claim 38 , meso-lactide claim 38 , rac-lactide claim 38 , a non-equal mixture of L and D lactides claim 38 , or a mixture of L claim 38 , D claim 38 , and meso-lactides.40. The method of claim 38 , wherein the polylactic acid is isotactically enriched.41. The method of claim 40 , wherein the isotactic enrichment is between about 0.6 and about 1.0 claim 40 , or between about 0.7 and about 1.0.42. The method of claim 38 , wherein the polylactic acid has a polydispersity index of less than about 2.0 claim 38 , or less than about 1.7 claim 38 , or less than about 1.5.43. The method of claim 38 , wherein the polylactic acid has a molecular weight of greater than about 300 claim 38 , or greater than about 10 claim 38 ,000 claim 38 , or from about 300 to about 10 claim 38 ,000 claim 38 ,000 claim 38 , or from about 10 claim 38 ,000 to about 1 claim 38 ,000 claim 38 ,000 claim 38 , or claim 38 , more particularly claim 38 , from about 20 claim 38 ,000 to about 150 claim ...

COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING POLYMERIC CARBODIIMIDE, EPOXIDE AND POLYESTER-BASED POLYMERS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE

The present invention relates to compositions containing polymeric carbodiimide, epoxide and polyester-based polymers, their production and use. 1. A composition comprising: [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'sub': 'm', 'R—R—(—N═C═N—R—)—R\u2003\u2003(I),'}, m represents an integer from 2 to 500, preferably 3 to 20, very particularly preferably 4 to 10;', {'sup': '2', 'sub': 1', '12', '7', '18', '1', '12, 'R═C-C-alkyl-substituted arylenes, C-C-alkylaryl-substituted arylenes and optionally C-C-alkyl-substituted alkylene-bridged arylenes comprising a total of 7 to 30 carbon atoms and arylene; and'}, {'sup': 1', '3', '3', '3', '4', '5', '3', '4', '5, 'sub': 1', '12', '6', '12', '7', '18', '1', '22', '6', '12', '6', '18', '7', '18, 'R═—NCO, —NCNR, —NHCONHR, —NHCONRRor —NHCOOR, wherein Rand Rare identical or different and represent a C-C-alkyl, C-C-cycloalkyl, C-C-aralkyl or aryl radical and Rrepresents a C-C-alkyl-, C-C-cycloalkyl-, C-C-aryl or C-C-aralkyl radical and an unsaturated alkyl radical having 2-22 carbon atoms or an alkoxypolyoxyalkylene radical;'}], 'in which'}], '(a) at least one polymeric aromatic carbodiimide of formula (I)'}(b) at least one epoxide; and(c) at least one thermoplastic polyester-based polymer selected from the group comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPE E), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polylactic acid (PLA) and/or PLA derivatives, polybutylene succinates (PBS), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and various blends, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyurethane elastomers, PU adhesives, and PU casting resins.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein Rrepresents a C-C-alkyl- claim 2 , C-C-cycloalkyl- claim 2 , C-C-aryl or C-C-aralkyl radical and an unsaturated alkyl radical having 16-18 carbon atoms claim 2 , or an alkoxypolyoxyalkylene radical.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxide is an epoxide having at least 2 epoxide groups.5. ...

MULTI-BLOCK SHAPE MEMORY BIORESORBABLE POLYMERS

This invention relates to the synthesis of multi-block bioresorbable polymers bearing hard and soft polymeric segments. The invention further relates to bioresorbable polymers for shape memory properties. The invention also relates to the use of such polymers as bone filler, vascular closure devices, hemostasis device, aneurysms, mastectomy devices and stent applications. The invention relates also to the use of such polymers for applications in fast degradation applications and 3D printing. The invention also relates to the use of such polymers as drug delivery platforms applications. 3. A composition comprising:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}], 'a bioresorbable polymer of Formula A of , Formula B of , or a mixture thereof.'}4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition further comprises an additive claim 3 , wherein the additive is an antimicrobial agent claim 3 , an antibacterial agent claim 3 , a growth factor claim 3 , a vitamin claim 3 , a biologic claim 3 , an antibiotic claim 3 , an antiviral agent claim 3 , antifungal agent claim 3 , Alendronate claim 3 , Olpadronate claim 3 , Etidronate claim 3 , Colecalciferol (vitamin D) claim 3 , Tocopherol (vitamin E) claim 3 , Pyridoxin (vitamin B6) claim 3 , Cobalamine (vitamne B12) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) claim 3 , Glycine claim 3 , Lysine claim 3 , penicillin claim 3 , cephalosporin claim 3 , lamivudine claim 3 , tetracycline claim 3 , and zidovudine claim 3 , polyethylene glycol claim 3 , a polyamino acid (typically claim 3 , greater than 50 linked amino acids and including claim 3 , for example claim 3 , proteins and/or polypeptides) claim 3 , an aliphatic polyester (including claim 3 , for example claim 3 , polylactic acid claim 3 , polyglycolic acid and/or polycaprolactone) claim 3 , a saccharide (including claim 3 , for example claim 3 , a sugar) claim 3 , a polysaccharide (for example claim 3 , starch) claim 3 , an aliphatic ...

MICROPHASE SEPARATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMER BOTTLEBRUSHES

Provided herein are microphase-separated materials including a plurality of block copolymers tethered together at their A-B junction points. The tethered-together block copolymers, referred to as a block copolymer bottlebrush, provide microphase-separated materials having smaller domain spacing than previously achievable using block copolymer systems. 1. A composition comprising:a block copolymer bottlebrush material, wherein the block copolymer bottlebrush comprises a plurality of block copolymers covalently linked at an A-B junction, wherein the material is microphase-separated into domains of the A and B polymers.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the domain size is smaller than the minimum domain size of a microphase-separated AB diblock copolymer material.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the domain size is at least 25% smaller than the domain size of the AB diblock copolymer.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the block copolymer bottlebrush material is in a thin film.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the block copolymer bottlebrush material is a bulk-phase material.6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate underlying the block copolymer bottlebrush material claim 1 , wherein the domains of the block copolymer bottlebrush material are oriented perpendicular to the substrate.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein plurality of block copolymers are symmetric AB diblock copolymers.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of block copolymers are asymmetric AB diblock copolymers.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of block copolymers are AB block copolymers.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of block copolymers are ABblock copolymers.11. A composition comprising:{'sub': AB', 'n', 'AB', 'n, 'a microphase-separated block copolymer material comprising a plurality of AB diblock copolymers characterized by the segmental interaction parameter χand wherein the AB diblock ...

LACTIDE POLYMERISATION

The present invention relates to a compound having the formula LM(OR)RXwherein M is a metal selected from Ti, Zr and Hf; L is a ligand selected from permethylpentalene, (hydro)permethyl-pentalene, (hydro)pentalene, cyclopentadiene, indene and ethylene- or silane-bridged indene, preferably (bis)indene; Ris a 1-6C alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkylene group; Ris Me or Et; X is halogen; a=1 to 3, b=1 to 3, c=0 or 1 and d=0, 1, 2 or 3; and dimers thereof, the use of the compound as an initiator in the polymerisation of lactide monomer and a process for producing a polylactide performed by contacting a lactide monomer with the compound. 1. A compound having the formula{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'd, 'sup': 1', '2, 'LM(OR)RX'}whereinM is a metal selected from Ti, Zr and Hf;L is a ligand selected from permethylpentalene, (hydro)permethyl-pentalene, (hydro)pentalene, cyclopentadiene, indene and ethylene- or silane-bridged indene;{'sup': '1', 'Ris a 1-6C alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkylene group;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris Me or Et;'}X is halogen;a=1 to 3, b=1 to 3, c=0 or 1 and d=0, 1, 2 or 3;or a dimer thereof.2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L is permethylpentalene and X is Cl.3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a group selected from -Bu claim 1 , —CH(R) claim 1 , where Ris 1-4C alkyl claim 1 , and —CH(R)Ph claim 1 , where Ris H or 1-4C alkyl.4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein Ris selected from 2 claim 3 ,6-dimethylphenyl claim 3 , 2 claim 3 ,6-diisopropylphenyl and 2 claim 3 ,6-dibutylphenyl.5. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein Ris Me.6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Ti.7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Zr.8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Hf.9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Zr claim 1 , L is indene or ethylene bridged indene or silane ...

DISTILLATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ACRYLIC ACID

Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided. 1. A method for producing acrylic acid , comprising:(a) providing a feedstock stream comprising beta propiolactone and a solvent;(b) directing the feedstock stream to a reaction zone, wherein the feedstock stream is contacted with a polymerization catalyst and wherein at least a portion of the beta propiolactone is converted to poly(propiolactone);(c) maintaining the reaction zone at a temperature at or above the pyrolysis temperature of poly(propiolactone);(d) thermal decomposing the poly(propiolactone) in the reaction zone to produce acrylic acid;(e) withdrawing a distillation stream of the solvent from the reaction zone; and(f) withdrawing an acrylic acid product stream from the reaction zone; wherein steps (b) to (d) occur in the same reaction zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent has a boiling point below 160° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a second solvent and directing a second solvent stream to the reaction zone.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second solvent stream comprises the second solvent and the polymerization catalyst.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising withdrawing a distillation stream of the second solvent from the reaction zone.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing the distillation stream of the first solvent to a carbonylation reactor used to provide the beta propiolactone.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising withdrawing a recycling stream of the polymerization catalyst from the reaction zone.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization catalyst is a heterogenous catalyst.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the polymerization catalyst is provided as a fixed bed of polymerization catalyst.13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYESTER

A cyclic ester such as lactides and the like is mixed, in an organic solvent, with an alkyl aluminum compound such as trimethyl aluminum, triethyl aluminum and the like, and then, to the resulting mixture, at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic lithium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic sodium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic potassium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic zinc ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic magnesium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic tin ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic calcium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic titanium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, and an amine ring-opening polymerization catalyst to allow ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic ester, thereby a polyester is obtained. 1. A method for producing polyester , the method comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': n', '3-n, 'RAl X'}, 'mixing, in an organic solvent, a cyclic ester with an alkyl aluminum compound represented by a formula [I]wherein, in the formula [I], n represents an integer from 1 to 3, R each independently represents a linear or branched C1-20 alkyl group, and X each independently represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; and thenmixing the resulting mixture with at least one ring-opening polymerization catalyst selected from the group consisting of an organic lithium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic sodium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic potassium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic zinc ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic magnesium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic tin ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic calcium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, an organic titanium ring-opening polymerization catalyst, and an amine ring-opening polymerization catalyst to allow ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic ester.2. The method for producing polyester ...

Aliphatic polyester composition, molded product, and manufacturing method of aliphatic polyester

A method of continuously manufacturing an aliphatic polyester composition from a cyclic ester and the like, wherein the temperature in an extruder is increased in two or more stages from a raw material supply port to a discharge port, the temperature at the discharge port is a temperature where the melt viscosity of the composition at the discharge port is from 100 to 2000 Pa·s, the free acid concentration in the cyclic ester is 10 eq/t or less, and the unreacted cyclic ester concentration in the composition is less than 2 wt. %.

PARTICLE-COATED FIBER AND METHOD FOR FORMING THE SAME

The present invention provides a particle-coated fiber comprising a fiber and particles coated on the fiber, and a method for forming the same. The method comprises: providing a suspension comprising the particles; providing a polymer solution for forming the fiber; electrospraying the suspension toward an area of a collector; and during the electrospraying of the suspension, electrospinning the polymer solution into the fiber and directing the fiber toward the area so as to meet with the suspension on the area and on the way to the area such that the particles are coated on the fiber during and after the formation of the fiber thereby forming the particle-coated fiber on the area. By the present method, the particles can be crowed on the surface of the fiber, and the adhesiveness between the fiber and the particles can be substantially enhanced. 1. A method for forming a particle-coated fiber , the particle-coated fiber comprising a fiber and particles coated on the fiber , the method comprising:providing a suspension comprising the particles;providing a polymer solution for forming the fiber;electrospraying the suspension toward an area of a collector; andduring the electrospraying of the suspension, electrospinning the polymer solution into the fiber and directing the fiber toward the area so as to meet with the suspension on the area and on the way to the area such that the particles are coated on the fiber during and after the formation of the fiber thereby forming the particle-coated fiber on the area.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of electrospraying the suspension toward the area comprises a spraying direction having an angle between 50° and 70° with respect to a direction from a container for containing the polymer solution to the area.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of electrospraying the suspension toward the area comprises using one or more spraying devices to electrospray the suspension toward the area.4. The method of claim 3 , ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING FULLY-DEGRADABLE NON-WOVEN FABRIC BY SPUN-BONDING

Disclosed is a method for preparing a fully-degradable non-woven fabric by spun-bonding, including: (S1) preparation of a poly(caprolactone-co-lactide acid) (P(CL-co-LA)); (S2) preparation of a copolymerized-modified poly(lactide acid) (PLA); and (S3) preparation of a full-degradable non-woven fabric using a spun-bond method. In this disclosure, the PLA is modified in gradient several times to prepare the full-degradable non-woven fabric in combination with an optimized spun-bonding method. 1. A method for preparing a fully-degradable non-woven fabric by spun-bonding , comprising:(S1) adding lactic acid (L-LA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) into a reactor to obtain a reaction system, wherein a weight ratio of the L-LA to the ε-CL is 1:(2-4);adding a catalyst to the reaction system followed by reaction at 130-140° C. under vacuum for 18-24 h to obtain a crude copolymerization product; wherein the catalyst is 0.1-0.2% of a total weight of the reaction system; andpurifying the crude copolymerization product to obtain a caprolactone-lactic acid random copolymer P(CL-co-LA);(S2) drying polylactic acid (PLA), wherein a melt index of the PLA at 210° C. is 20-40 g/10 min;mixing a dried PLA and the (P(CL-co-LA)) uniformly followed by melt blending at 150-160° C. under a rotation speed of 100-120 r/min to obtain a blend, wherein a weight ratio of the dried PLA to the (P(CL-co-LA)) is (10-50):1, and the melt blending is performed for 5-10 min; andsubjecting the blend to compression molding at 180-190° C. and 8-10 MPa to obtain a copolymerized modified PLA; and{'sub': 2', '2, '(S3) subjecting the copolymerized modified PLA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), nano-SiO, a compatibilizer and a chain extender to blending to obtain a melt-blown blend, wherein a weight ratio of the copolymerized modified PLA to the PHBV to the nano-SiOto the compatibilizer to the chain extender is (70-85):(1-3):(0.2-0.3):(0.005-0.01):(0.001-0.005);'}feeding the melt-blown blend to a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REGIOSELECTIVE CARBONYLATION OF 2,2-DISUBSTITUTED EPOXIDES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALPHA,ALPHA-DISUBSTITUTED BETA-LACTONES

Provided are methods of producing carbonyl compounds (e.g., carbonyl containing compounds) and catalysts for producing carbonyl compounds. Also provided are methods of making polymers from carbonyl compounds and polymers formed from carbonyl compounds. A method may produce carbonyl compounds, such as, for example α,α-disubstituted carbonyl compounds (e.g., α,α-disubstituted β-lactones). The polymers may be produced from α,α-disubstituted β-lactones, which may be produced by a method described herein. 1. A method of producing an α ,α-disubstituted carbonyl compound comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising a 2,2-disubstituted epoxide and a catalyst; andcontacting the reaction mixture with carbon monoxide,wherein the α,α-disubstituted carbonyl compound is produced.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is formed in situ from a reaction with a catalytic precursor and a metal source.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is present in the reaction mixture at a concentration of 0.05 to 10 mol %.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises one or more solvents.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvents are chosen from THF claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,3-dioxane claim 4 , 1 claim 4 ,4-dioxane claim 4 , diethyl ether claim 4 , toluene claim 4 , dibasic esters claim 4 , PrO claim 4 , ethyl acetate claim 4 , butyl acetate claim 4 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture is pressurized to 0.1 to 2000 psig with CO.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a cationic Lewis acid having the formula [Lewis acid] and anionic metal carbonyl having the formula {[QM(CO)]} claim 1 , wherein Q is any ligand and is optional claim 1 , M is a transition metal chosen from transition metals of Groups 4 claim 1 , 5 claim 1 , 6 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , and 10 of the periodic table of elements claim 1 , z is the valence of the Lewis acid and ranges from 1 to 6 claim ...

Method, Composition, and Articles For Improving Joint Lubrication

Articles for increasing lubrication of a joint are described herein. The articles include resorbable, biocompatible particles having a glass transition temperature within a joint of less than about 37° C. and capable of increasing fluid movement within the joint compared to synovial fluid, viscosupplemental fluid, or combinations thereof A composition for increasing lubrication of a joint is also disclosed. The composition includes the resorbable, biocompatible particles and a carrier fluid. Methods of lubricating a joint and treating disease affecting the joint such as osteoarthritis are also described herein. The methods include introducing the resorbable, biocompatible particles into a joint. 1. Articles for increasing lubrication of a joint comprising:resorbable, biocompatible particles having a glass transition temperature within a joint of less than about 37° C. and capable of increasing fluid movement within the joint compared to synovial fluid, viscosupplemental fluid, or combinations thereof.2. The articles of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size is about 0.5 millimeters to about 5 millimeters.3. The articles of claim 2 , wherein the average particle size is about 3 millimeters.4. The articles of claim 1 , wherein a Young's Modulus of the particles is about 10 megapascals to about 500 megapascals.5. The articles of claim 4 , wherein a Young's Modulus of the particles is about 10 megapascals to about 100 megapascals.6. The articles of claim 5 , wherein the Young's Modulus of the particles is about 10 to about 30 megapascals.7. The articles of claim 1 , wherein a Poisson's ratio of the particles is about 0.1 to about 0.5.8. The articles of claim 7 , wherein the Poisson's ratio of the particles is about 0.3.9. The articles of claim 1 , wherein an average density of the particles is greater than an average density of a fluid within the joint.10. The articles of claim 9 , wherein the average density of the particles is about 1 g/ml to about 2.5 g/ml.11. ...

FLEXIBLE CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PLATFORM

Disclosed are integrated systems and methods for the conversion of epoxides to beta lactones and to multiple Cproducts and/or Cproducts. 1. A system for the production of Cand Cproducts , comprising:an epoxide source;a carbon monoxide (CO) source; an inlet configured to receive epoxide from the epoxide source and CO from the CO source,', 'a central reaction zone configured to convert at least some of the epoxide to a beta lactone, and', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the beta lactone,, 'a central reactor, comprising [{'sub': '3', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 3', '3, 'a first Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a first Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the first Cproduct,'}], '(i) a first Creactor, comprising, {'sub': '3', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 3', '3, 'a second Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a second Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the second Cproduct, and'}], '(ii) a second Creactor, comprising, {'sub': '4', 'claim-text': an inlet configured to receive the outlet stream comprising beta lactone of the central reactor,', {'sub': 4', '4, 'a first Creaction zone configured to convert at least some of the beta lactone to a first Cproduct, and'}, {'sub': '4', 'an outlet configured to provide an outlet stream comprising the first Cproduct, and'}], '(iii) a first Creactor, comprising], 'two or more of (i)-(iii)a controller to independently modulate production of the beta lactone and each of the products,{'sub': 3', '3, 'provided that the first Cproduct differs from the second Cproduct.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the epoxide is ethylene oxide (EO) and the ...

PRODUCTION SYSTEM/PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR ACRYLIC ACID AND PRECURSORS THEREOF

Provided herein are systems, and methods of using such systems, for producing acrylic acid from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide on an industrial scale. The production system/production process has various unit operations, including, for example, a β-propiolactone production system/production process configured to produce β-propiolactone from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide; a polypropiolactone production system/production process configured to produce polypropiolactone from β-propiolactone; and a glacial acrylic acid production system/production process configured to produce acrylic acid with a high purity by thermolysis of polypropiolactone. 1. A process for producing acrylic acid from a source of β-propiolactone , comprising:contacting a BPL feed stream with a polymerization initiator in a polypropiolactone reaction zone having at least one polymerization reactor that produces a polypropiolactone outlet stream comprising polypropiolactone and β-propiolactone; and,passing at least a portion of the polypropiolactone outlet stream to an acrylic acid production zone comprising a thermolysis reactor that receives the at least a portion of the polypriolactone outlet stream and produces an acrylic acid stream comprising acrylic acid.2. The process of wherein the polymerization initiator is selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts claim 1 , alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids claim 1 , ammonium acrylate claim 1 , ammonium acetate claim 1 , phosphonium acrylate claim 1 , phosphonium salts claim 1 , sodium acrylate claim 1 , potassium acrylate claim 1 , phosphonium acetate claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium acrylate claim 1 , sodium acetate claim 1 , potassium acetate claim 1 , tetra-n-butylammonium acetate claim 1 , trimethylphenylammonium acrylate claim 1 , trimethylphenylammonium acetate claim 1 , or tetraphenyl phosphonium acrylate.3. The process of wherein a radical polymerization inhibitor is present in the polypropiolactone reaction zone. ...

POLYMER, CLATHRATE USING THE POLYMER, AND AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF SHEET OF THE POLYMER

A polymer is provided. The polymer includes a polymer chain; and a saccharide bonded with the polymer chain. The polymer does not substantially include an organic solvent and a metal atom, and includes a residual monomer in an amount of not greater than 1,000 ppm, which is relatively small compared to the amount of residual monomer in a polymer prepared by a conventional method. The polymer is preferably used for a clathrate, a sheet, and an aqueous dispersion of the sheet. 1. A polymer comprising:a polymer chain, anda saccharide bonded with the polymer chain,wherein the polymer does not substantially include an organic solvent and a metal atom, and includes a residual monomer in an amount of not greater than 1,000 ppm.2. The polymer according to claim 1 , containing another material therein in such a manner that the polymer serves as a clathrate.3. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharide is a cyclic oligosaccharide.4. The polymer according to claim 3 , wherein the cyclic oligosaccharide is cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative.5. The polymer according to claim herein the polymer has a number average molecular weight of not less than 2 claim 3 ,000.6. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer chain includes a carbonyl bond.7. The polymer according to claim 6 , wherein the polymer chain includes an ester bond or a carbonate bond.8. The polymer according to claim 7 , wherein the polymer chain includes a polyester chain or a polycarbonate chain.9. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is prepared by subjecting a ring-opening polymerizable monomer to ring-opening polymerization using a compressible fluid claim 1 , an organic catalyst including no metal atom claim 1 , and the saccharide which serves as an initiator.10. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a sheet form.11. A clathrate comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the polymer according to ; and'}another material ...

CURABLE ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF

A solvent-less hybrid curable composition is prepared from grafting polyesters or polyamides onto a (meth)acrylic copolymer backbone. Besides the many benefits of a solvent-less system, the hybrid curable composition forms strong adhesion to polar substrates, widens the use temperatures, and enables faster processing speeds than conventional hybrid curable compositions. The solvent-less hybrid curable composition forms an optically clear single phase that is suitable as tapes and labels, or in electronic, optoelectronic, OLED and photovoltaic devices, and the like. 1. A solvent-less , curable composition comprising a hybrid copolymer having a meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone and a plurality of a monomer or an oligomer grafted onto the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone ,wherein the monomer or the oligomer comprises an —O— or —NH— functional group.2. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone is prepared with at least two acrylic monomers claim 1 , and wherein at least one of the two acrylic monomers contains a hydroxyl functional group.3. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the meth(acrylic copolymer) backbone further comprises less than about 10 wt % of a third (meth)acrylic monomer that contains a photoinitiator group.4. The curable composition of claim 1 , wherein the hybrid copolymer is an acrylic-polyester copolymer and the monomer or the oligomer comprises an —O— functional group.5. The curable composition of claim 4 , wherein the oligomer with the —O— functional group has a molecular weight of about 200 to about 5000 Daltons.6. The curable composition of further comprising an isocyanate monomer claim 1 , melamine crosslinker claim 1 , UV-curable monomer claim 1 , UV-curable resin claim 1 , tackifier claim 1 , photointiator claim 1 , cross-linker claim 1 , chain transfer reagent claim 1 , and/or stabilizer.7. A cured composition comprising the curable composition of .8. The cured composition of claim 7 , which is a ...

Process For Producing Articles Formed From Polylactic Acid and Articles Made Therefrom

PLA polymers that can be expanded into microporous articles having a node and fibril microstructure are provided. The fibrils contain PLA polymer chains oriented with the fibril axis. Additionally, the PLA polymers have an inherent viscosity greater than about 3.8 dL/g and a calculated molecular weight greater than about 150,000 g/mol. The PLA polymer article may be formed by bulk polymerization where the PLA bulk polymer is made into a preform that is subsequently expanded at temperatures above the glass transition temperature and below the melting point of the PLA polymer. In an alternate embodiment, a PLA polymer powder is lubricated, the lubricated polymer is subjected to pressure and compression to form a preform, and the preform is expanded to form a microporous article. Both the preform and the microporous article are formed at temperatures above the glass transition temperature and below the melting point of the PLA polymer. 1. An article comprising:an expanded PLA polymer comprising a beta crystal phase and having nodes and fibrils.2. The PLA polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said fibrils comprise polymer chains and said polymer chains are oriented along a fibril axis.3. The PLA polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer comprises at least one comonomer.4. The PLA polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer comprises poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) claim 1 , poly d-lactic acid (PDLA) claim 1 , poly L-lactide claim 1 , poly D-lactide claim 1 , and combinations thereof.5. The PLA polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer has a melt enthalpy greater than about 30 J/g.6. The PLA polymer article of claim 1 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer has an inherent viscosity greater than about 3.8 dL/g.7. The PLA polymer article of claim 6 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer has a molecular weight greater than about 150 claim 6 ,000 g/mol.8. The PLA polymer article of claim 6 , wherein said expanded PLA polymer ...

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYPROPIOLACTONE

Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of ethylene oxide to polypropiolactone. Systems for the production of polypropiolactone are also provided. 1. A method for producing polypropiolactone (PPL) , comprising:providing feedstock streams of ethylene oxide (EO) and carbon monoxide, wherein the feedstock streams are optionally combined;directing the feedstock streams to a first reaction zone;contacting the feedstock streams with a carbonylation catalyst in the presence of a carbonylation solvent in the first reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the EO to a beta propiolactone (BPL) product stream, wherein the BPL product stream comprises BPL, carbonylation catalyst, and carbonylation solvent;separating at least a portion of carbonylation catalyst from the BPL product stream to produce a carbonylation catalyst recycling stream and a processed BPL product stream, wherein the processed BPL product stream comprises BPL and carbonylation solvent;directing the processed BPL product stream to a carbonylation solvent removal zone;removing at least a portion of the carbonylation solvent from the processed BPL product stream to produce a polymerization feed stream, wherein the polymerization feed stream comprises BPL;directing the polymerization feed stream to a second reaction zone; andcontacting BPL in the polymerization feed stream with a polymerization catalyst in the second reaction zone to produce PPL.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a second solvent into the polymerization feed stream claim 1 , prior to contacting the polymerization feed stream with the polymerization catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing of at least a portion of the carbonylation solvent from the processed BPL product stream comprises distilling at least a portion of the carbonylation solvent and withdrawing a distillation stream of the carbonylation solvent.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonylation solvent has a boiling point ...

Shape memory patch for tissue repair

A patch of material is configured to be applied to human tissue. The patch includes a film comprising poly(L-lactide) and poly(#-caprolactone). The film is configured to self-deploy between a first position and a second position in response to a temperature. The film is applied to the human tissue when the patch of material is in the second position, in which the film has a planar configuration.

Enteric elastomers

Enteric elastomers and related methods are generally provided. In some embodiments, the enteric elastomer is a polymer composite. Certain embodiments comprise a polymer composite in which hydrogen bonds within two carboxyl group-containing polymers cross-link the polymer networks into an elastic and pH-responsive polymer composite. Advantageously, this polymer composite has the capacity of being stable and elastic in an acidic environment such as that of the stomach but can be dissolved in a neutral pH environment such as that of the small and large intestines. In some embodiments, the polymer composites described herein comprise a mixture of two or more polymers with carboxyl functionality such that the two or more polymers form hydrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the polymer composite has both enteric and elastic properties.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A POLYESTER USING A 4-MEMBERED RING LACTONE

The invention provides a process for preparing polyesters by reacting an H-functional starter substance with a lactone in the presence of a Brønsted-acidic catalyst which comprises initially charging the H-functional starter substance and the Brønsted-acidic catalyst to form a mixture i) and subsequently adding the lactone to the mixture i), wherein the process is carried out without adding an aromatic solvent and wherein the H-functional starter substance is an OH-functional starter substance and/or a COOH-functional starter substance and wherein the lactone is a 4-membered ring lactone. The invention further provides polyesters obtainable by the method of the invention. 1. A process for preparing a polyester by reaction of an H-functional starter substance with a lactone in the presence of a Brønsted-acidic catalyst , comprising:i) initially charging the H-functional starter substance and the Brønsted-acidic catalyst to form a mixture i); andii) adding the lactone to the mixture i);wherein the process is performed without the addition of an aromatic solvent;wherein the H-functional starter substance comprises an OH-functional starter substance and/or a COOH-functional starter substance;and wherein the lactone comprises a 4-membered-ring lactone.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the 4-membered-ring lactone comprises propiolactone claim 1 , β-butyrolactone claim 1 , diketene claim 1 , preferably propiolactone claim 1 , β-butyrolactone claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lactone is continuously added to the mixture i) in step ii).4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lactone is added stepwise to the mixture i) in step ii).5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the H-functional starter substance comprises ethylene glycol claim 1 , diethylene glycol claim 1 , dipropylene glycol claim 1 , butane-1 claim 1 ,3-diol claim 1 , butane-1 claim 1 ,4-diol claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,1- ...

QUORUM SENSING BASED POLYMER FOR STIMULATION OF BIOFILMS AND RELATED PHENOTYPES, AND SYNTHESIS PROCESS THEREOF

The invention relates to the synthesis and process thereof of a Quorum Sensing (QS) based polymer formed by the process of ring opening polymerization/ring opening copolymerization. The formed homopolymer or heteropolymer or copolymer displays increased half-life, bioactivity and biostability in stimulating the microbial quorum sensing in a predetermined microbial population. 1. A polymer comprising polymerization products of:a. a monomer having Formula I to obtain a homopolymer or a heteropolymer, or,b. a monomer selected at least from a group of monomers having Formula II, Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V or Formula VI, and a monomer having Formula I, to obtain a copolymer,wherein, the homopolymer, heteropolymer, or copolymer comprise of an active ingredient, characterized in that said homopolymer or heteropolymer or copolymer with said active ingredient has stable bioactivity stimulating quorum sensing signal systems within a predetermined population of micro-organisms for a period of more than 2 months.2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said active ingredient is N-acyl homoserine lactone.3. The polymer as claimed in claim 1 , whereina. monomers having formula I, selected from group comprising, N-Hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone, N-Heptanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone, N-Decanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone, N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, N-Tetradecanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone, N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, or N-(p-Coumaroyl)-L-homoserine lactone; andb. monomers having formula II, selected from group comprising, α-acetolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, or ε-caprolactone;c. monomers having formula III including, selected from group comprising, D-lactide (D-LA), L-lactide (L-LA), rac-lactide (r-LA), or meso-lactide (m-LA);d. monomers having formula IV, selected from group comprising, α-acetolactam, β-propiolactam, γ-butyrolactam, δ-valerolactam, or ε-caprolactam;e. monomers having formula V, selected from group ...

Thermoplastic Polyurethane Particles And Manufacturing Method Therefor

The present invention provides thermoplastic polyurethane particles, which are formed in a continuous matrix phase from a thermoplastic polyurethane resin and have a particle diameter of 200-500 μm. In a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of the thermoplastic polyurethane particles, derived from the analysis of a temperature rise of 10° C./min by DSC, a peak of the cold crystallization temperature (T cc ) is shown at a temperature between the glass transition temperature (T g ) and the melting point (T m ). The thermoplastic polyurethane particles have a compression degree of 10-20%.

THERAPEUTIC POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES COMPRISING CORTICOSTEROIDS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

The present disclosure generally relates to therapeutic nanoparticles. Exemplary nanoparticles disclosed herein may include about 0.1 to about 50 weight percent of a corticosteroid; and about 50 to about 99 weight percent biocompatible polymer. 1. A therapeutic nanoparticle comprising:about 0.1 to about 50 weight percent of a corticosteroid; and a) a diblock poly(lactic) acid-poly(ethylene)glycol copolymer;', 'b) a diblock poly(lactic)-co-(glycolic) acid-poly(ethylene)glycol copolymer;', 'c) a combination of a) and a poly (lactic) acid homopolymer or poly(lactic)-co-(glycolic) acid;', 'd) a combination of b) and a poly (lactic) acid homopolymer or poly(lactic)-co-(glycolic) acid;', 'e) 1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene)glycol copolymer; and', 'f) a combination of e) and a poly (lactic) acid homopolymer or poly(lactic)-co-(glycolic) acid., 'about 50 to about 99 weight percent biocompatible polymer, wherein the biocompatible polymer is selected from the group consisting of'}2. The therapeutic nanoparticle of wherein said corticosteroid is selected from budesonide claim 1 , fluocinonide claim 1 , triamcinolone claim 1 , mometasone claim 1 , amcinonide claim 1 , halcinonide claim 1 , ciclesonide claim 1 , beclomethasone claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3. The therapeutic nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the therapeutic nanoparticle is about 60 to about 230 nm.4. The therapeutic nanoparticle of claim 1 , comprising about 1 to about 9 weight percent of the corticosteroid.5. The therapeutic nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein said diblock poly(lactic) acid-poly(ethylene)glycol copolymer comprises poly(lactic acid) having a number average molecular weight of about 15 to 60 kDa and poly(ethylene)glycol having a number average molecular weight of about 4 to about 12 kDa.6. The therapeutic nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein said diblock poly(lactic)-co-glycolic acid-poly(ethylene)glycol copolymer comprises poly( ...

Polylactide Based Compositions

Embodiments of polylactide based compositions are disclosed herein. The compositions may comprise at least one first polymer selected from polylactide-polybutadiene (PLA-PB) block copolymer, polylactide-urethane-polybutadiene block copolymer, or a mixture thereof; and at least one second polymer selected from polylactide, polylactide-urethane, or a mixture thereof. The composition may also comprise from 20% to 50% by weight of said first polymer based on the total weight of the composition and from 50% to 80% by weight of said second polymer based on the total weight of the composition. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a process for preparing the polylactide based compositions and articles comprising the polylactide compositions.

Process of producing alpha-hydroxy compounds and uses thereof

New process of producing alpha-hydroxy compounds from sustainable resources useful as platform chemicals, such as hydroxy analogues of amino acids or polymer precursors.

Modified Polylactic Acid Fibers

A method for forming biodegradable fibers is provided. The method includes blending polylactic acid with a polyepoxide modifier to form a thermoplastic composition, extruding the thermoplastic composition through a die, and thereafter passing the extruded composition through a die to form a fiber. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that the polyepoxide modifier reacts with the polylactic acid and results in branching of its polymer backbone, thereby improving its melt strength and stability during fiber spinning without significantly reducing glass transition temperature. The reaction-induced branching can also increase molecular weight, which may lead to improved fiber ductility and the ability to better dissipate energy when subjected to an elongation force. Through selective control over this method, the present inventors have discovered that the resulting fibers may exhibit good mechanical properties, both during and after melt spinning. 121-. (canceled)22. A method for forming a nonwoven web , the method comprising:melt blending a polylactic acid with a polyepoxide modifier to form a thermoplastic composition, wherein the melt blending occurs at a temperature above the melting point of the polylactic acid and below a temperature of about 230° C., the polyepoxide modifier having a number average molecular weight of from about 7,500 to about 250,000 grams per mole, wherein the amount of the polyepoxide modifier is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the weight of the polylactic acid;thereafter, extruding the thermoplastic composition at a temperature above about 230° C. to facilitate reaction of the polyepoxide modifier with the polylactic acid;passing the reacted composition through a die to form fibers; andrandomly depositing the fibers onto a surface to form a nonwoven web.23. A polylactic acid fiber having an average diameter of from about 5 to about 25 micrometers , the fiber comprising a thermoplastic composition formed ...

Polymeric biomaterials derived from monomers comprising hydroxyacids and phenol compounds and their medical uses

The present invention provides new classes of phenolic compounds derived from hydroxyacids and tyrosol or tyrosol analogues, useful as monomers for preparation of biocompatible polymers, and the biocompatible polymers prepared from these monomeric hydroxyacid-phenolic compounds, including novel biodegradable and/or bioresorbable polymers. These biocompatible polymers or polymer compositions with enhanced bioresorbabilty and processibility are useful in a variety of medical applications, such as in medical devices and controlled-release therapeutic formulations. The invention also provides methods for preparing these monomeric hydroxyacid-phenolic compounds and biocompatible polymers.

METHOD AND FACILITY FOR PRODUCING POLYLACTIDE (PLA) FROM A LACTIDE MIXTURE BY MEANS OF POLYMERIZATION

A method and a facility produce polylactide (PLA) by polymerization, in which a lactide mixture is mixed with at least one catalyst, is introduced into a modular planetary roller extruder and the finished PLA is then removed. The lactide mixture continuously passes through segments of the extruder. The course of the reaction is measured and controlled in the segments in a targeted manner such that the temperature can be set by heating and/or cooling. The pressure can be variably set depending on pressure values to be checked by a controllable gas extraction and/or a controllable extruder speed and/or static variability of the planetary rollers and/or a variable metering speed of the lactide mixture and/or a variable mixing ratio of the lactide mixture. Flammable gas is removed in an explosion-protected zone in a partial region of the extruder. Additives are introduced into the extruder during the rolling process.

Polymer Network with Triple Shape Effect and Associated Programming Method

The invention relates to a polymer network with triple-shape-memory effect and an associated programming method. The invention also relates to a method for producing layer systems made of shape-memory materials comprising the polymer network. The polymer network includes A) a first crystalline switching segment made of a star polymer; and B) a second crystalline switching segment made of a linear polymer or a star polymer.

Radiation curing composition

Disclosed is a radiation curable composition comprising 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid and/or at least one ester of 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid and at least one additional compound selected from radiation curable monomers, oligomers and polymers.

RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION IN AN AQUEOUS DISPERSION

We have developed a ring opening polymerization method in an aqueous dispersion for the formation of latex. By encapsulating a catalyst in micelles dispersed in water, a seeded catalytic polymerization of various monomers in water was successfully performed. An amphiphilic molecule was used to form a micelle with a hydrophobic core in water. The catalyst that was encapsulated within this structure and the formed microcapsules were used as microreactors for the formation of biodegradable elastomers. 1. A droplet microreactor comprising:a) an amphiphilic molecule;b) a hydrophobic carrier comprising a mono-lactone monomer and an oil, nonpolar solvent, or combination thereof; andc) a homogenous solution comprising a polymerization catalyst, initiator, and a second solvent; andd) an aqueous solution;wherein the amphiphilic molecule and the hydrophobic carrier form a droplet microreactor having a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior;wherein the hydrophobic interior of the droplet microreactor comprises the homogeneous solution and the hydrophilic exterior is ensheathed in the aqueous solution.2. The microreactor of wherein the microreactor further comprises a cross-linking monomer.3. The microreactor of wherein the cross-linking monomer is a bis-lactone monomer.4. The microreactor of wherein the polymerization catalyst is an organic polymerization catalyst comprising a urea moiety.5. The microreactor of wherein the initiator is an alcohol or alkoxide.6. The microreactor of wherein the second solvent comprises a polar aprotic solvent.7. The microreactor of wherein the diameter of the microreactor is about 10 nanometers to about 500 micrometers.8. The microreactor of further comprising channels extending from the hydrophobic interior to the hydrophilic exterior of the microreactor.9. The microreactor of wherein the channels have a diameter sufficiently wide for the mono-lactone monomer to traverse through the channels claim 8 , wherein the mono-lactone monomer ...

NITRILEOXIDE COMPOUND

The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I): 6. A composition applied to a material containing a group reactive with a nitrileoxide group claim 3 , comprising one or more polymers according to .7. The composition according to claim 6 , which is a crosslinking agent.11. A composition applied to a material containing a group reactive with a nitrileoxide group claim 8 , comprising one or more polymers according to .12. The composition according to claim 11 , which is a grafting agent.13. A composition applied to a material containing a group reactive with a nitrileoxide group claim 9 , comprising one or more polymers according to .14. A composition applied to a material containing a group reactive with a nitrileoxide group claim 10 , comprising one or more polymers according to .15. The composition according to claim 13 , which is a grafting agent.16. The composition according to claim 14 , which is a grafting agent. The present invention relates to a nitrileoxide compound, and a polymer comprising the nitrileoxide compound.A compound having a nitrileoxide group is known to be useful as a reaction agent in various applications since it readily click-reacts with an unsaturated bond in other compound ([2+3] cycloaddition reaction).With respect to the known nitrileoxide compound, Patent Literature 1 discloses an aromatic nitrileoxide compound and Patent Literature 2 discloses an aliphatic nitrileoxide compound, as a compound having low molecular weight. Patent Literature 3 discloses an acrylate or styrene-based polymer having a nitrileoxide group as a compound having high molecular weight.On the other hand, a polymeric material is an important compound used in a wide range of applications. In particular, a fluorine-containing polymeric material is widely used as an electronic member or a member of a semiconductor manufacturing process equipment. As the means for curing the polymeric material, usually a crosslinking agent (or a curing agent) has been used. ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF FLEXIBLE POLYLACTIDE STEREOCOMPLEX AND THE COMPOUND THEREOF

Disclosed are a polylactide stereocomplex with improved thermal stability and thus improved processability and a method for preparing the same. In order to confer flexibility to polymer chains, -type polylactide polymer containing a small amount of caprolactone (poly -lactide-caprolactone copolymer) is synthesized and it is uniformly mixed with -type single-phase polylactide to prepare a flexible polylactide stereocomplex. Since the polylactide stereocomplex having flexible polymer chains has superior heat resistance and mechanical stability and experiences little decrease of the degree of stereocomplex formation even after thermal processing, the polylactide stereocomplex having improved thermal stability can be advantageously used for engineering plastics requiring high strength and good thermal stability, alternative materials for general-use plastics, high-performance medical materials, or the like because of its remarkably improved processability. 113-. (canceled)14. A polylactide stereocomplex prepared by a method comprising:(i) adding poly D-lactide-caprolactone copolymer and poly L-lactide polymer to a reactor; and(ii) polymerizing the two polymers into a polylactide stereocomplex by adding an organic solvent to the reactor and then injecting a supercritical fluid.15. The polylactide stereocomplex of wherein the poly D-lactide-caprolactone copolymer comprises a ratio of poly D-lactide to polycaprolactone of about 99.5:0.5 to about 70:30.16. The polylactide stereocomplex of wherein the poly D-lactide-caprolactone copolymer has a weight-average molecular weight of 70 claim 14 ,000-300 claim 14 ,000 Da.17. The polylactide stereocomplex of wherein the polylactide stereocomplex is prepared by solution casting using the organic solvent claim 14 , by melt mixing or bulk polymerization claim 14 , or by using a supercritical fluid-organic solvent system.18. The polylactide stereocomplex of wherein the polylactide stereocomplex is in a form of particles or porous ...

Poly(l-lactide) stent with tunable degradation rate

Methods of making a biodegradable polymeric stent made from poly(L-lactide) and a low concentration of L-lactide monomer is disclosed. The concentration of L-lactide is adjusted to provide a degradation behavior that is suitable for different treatment applications including coronary, peripheral, and nasal. Methods include making a poly(L-lactide) material for a stent with uniformly distributed L-lactide monomer through control of polymerization conditions during PLLA synthesis, control of post-processing conditions, or both.

Stereocomplexes for the delivery of anti-cancer agents

Disclosed herein are stereocomplexes for the delivery of one or more anti-cancer agents. The stereocomplexes exhibit low toxicity and are biodegradable while also providing for controlled release of one or more anti-cancer agents at tumor sites. The stereocomplexes can be designed such that the anti-cancer agents operate synergistically and may optionally include additional targeting groups and functionalities. The stereocomplexes disclosed herein can be combined with pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or excipients to form pharmaceutical compositions. By varying the amount of each anti-cancer agent in the stereocomplex, specific types of tumors and cancer cell lines can be treated.

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER FORMULATIONS FOR EXTENDED EFFICACY OF BOTULINUM TOXIN

Methods for the formulation of biodegradable microparticles for delivery of protein drugs, such as botulinum toxin, have been developed. The methods include the steps of precipitating and washing proteins with organic solvent to remove water prior to dispersing in polymer-dissolved organic solvent to prevent exposure to water/solvent interfaces and maintain bioactivity of the protein drugs and fabrication of microparticles by either template or emulsion method. Biodegradable microparticles, formed of one or more biodegradable polymers having entrapped in the polymer one or more protein agents, such as botulinum toxin, are also provided. Precipitated botulinum toxin and botulinum toxin-loaded microparticles can also be formulated into thermogels or crosslinked hydrogels. The stability of the protein within these microparticles, as well as the controlled release of the entrapped agents, provides for sustained efficacy of the agents. 1. A method of formulating polymer microparticles for the controlled release of one or more encapsulated proteins , comprising the steps of:(a) dissolving protein in an aqueous solution to form a protein solution;(b) precipitating the protein from the solution to form a precipitant;(c) optionally washing the precipitant one or more times with a wash solvent to form a solvent-washed precipitant;(d) mixing or dispersing the precipitant in a solution containing a polymer to form a polymer-protein dispersion; and(e) preparing polymer microparticles encapsulating the protein from the polymer-protein dispersion.2. The method of step (b) wherein the precipitating agent is selected from the group consisting of L-histidine methyl ester claim 1 , L-cysteine ethyl ester claim 1 , Nα-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-asparagine claim 1 , L-proline benzyl ester claim 1 , N-acetyl-L-tryptophan claim 1 , gentisic acid claim 1 , pentetic acid claim 1 , octanoic acid claim 1 , zinc chloride claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of wherein the ...

DEGRADABLE POLYMER STRUCTURES FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND OLEFIN AND CORRESPONDING METHOD

A method of producing a degradable material includes steps of providing δ-valerolactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (EVL) or other suitable monomer; combining the EVL or other suitable monomer with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to conditions that will allow the EVL or other suitable monomer to react in the presence of the catalyst to thereby form a product composition including a polymer of the EVL or other suitable monomer, where the polymer is hydrolytically degradable. 1. A method of producing a degradable material , the method comprising steps of providing δ-valerolactone 2-ethylidene-6-hepten-5-olide (EVL);combining the EVL with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture; andsubjecting the reaction mixture to conditions that will allow the EVL to react in the presence of the catalyst to thereby form a product composition including polymeric-EVL, wherein the polymeric-EVL is hydrolytically degradable.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a bifunctional catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is 1 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product composition further includes dimeric-EVL claim 1 , the method further comprising a purification step to form a first product including the dimeric-EVL and a second product including the polymeric-EVL.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first product including the dimeric-EVL has a purity of at least 95% of the dimeric-EVL claim 4 , and wherein the second product including the polymeric-EVL has a purity of at least 95% of the polymeric-EVL.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the EVL includes the EVL being at a purity of at least 95%.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of providing the EVL includes a sub-step of distillation in order to achieve the purity of at least 95%.8. A method of producing a hydrolytically degradable material claim 6 , the method comprising ...

BIOACTIVE NANOFIBER CYTO-SCAFFOLD

The invention relates to obtaining nanofibers that contain biocompatible polymers and using the product obtained by making them bioactive through linking covalent proteins to said nanofibers in tissue engineering. 1. A bioactive nanofiber comprising a poly(m-anthranilic acid) (P3ANA) , a poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide.2. The electrospinning method for producing the bioactive nanofiber , comprising the following steps:dissolving 15% by weight of PCL in a tetrahydrofuran:dimethylformamide (THF/DMF) solution, wherein the volume ratio of THF to DMF is 1:1,obtaining electro spun solution by adding 15% by weight of P3ANA with respect to PCL into the PCL solution,loading the PCL/P3ANA solution into a syringe, placing this syringe into an electrospinning device,applying a voltage between 10-20 kV to the PCL/P3ANA solution in the syringe,setting a feed rate of the solution,covalently immobilizing the RGD peptide to the P3ANA/PCL nanofiber by carbodiimide binding reaction, to obtain a nanofiber mat,freshly preparing agents comprising an 1-ethyl-3-(dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) before the reaction in a cold 0.1 M 2-(n-morpholino) ethansulfonic acid (MES) in one to one molar proportion and preferably in 10 mg/ml concentration,activating the prepared nanofiber mat with the EDC/NHS solution by shaken incubation for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at room temperature between 100 rpm and 300 rpm,washing the activated nanofiber mats twice by shaking with MES buffer for 5-15 minutes and between 100-300 rpm,activating the washed nanofibers by shaken incubation in the MES buffer containing RGD peptide for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at room temperature between 100 rpm and 300 rpm,washing a nanofiber mat surface twice by shaking with MES buffer for 5-15 minutes and between 100-300 rpm for removing the RGD peptide molecules physically attach to the surface.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a ...

Polymer material based on polylactic acid

The invention relates to a polymer material comprising a mixture of: a base polylactic acid (PLA) polymer formed by between 60 wt.-% and 85 wt.-% L units and between 15 wt.-% and 40 wt.-% D units or between 60 wt.-% and 85 wt.-% D units and between 15 wt.-% and 40 wt.-% L units; and a plasticiser selected from the group containing citric acid esters, glycerin esters and derivatives, poly(alkylene ethers), oligomers of lactide or derivatives of lactic acid, fatty acid esters and epoxidised oils, representing between 10 wt.-% and 40 wt.-% in relation to the total weight of the polymer material.

Loss Circulation Material Composition Having Alkaline Nanoparticle Based Dispersion and Water Insoluble Hydrolysable Polyester

A lost circulation material (LCM) is provided having an alkaline nanosilica dispersion and a polyester activator. The alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the polyester activator may form a gelled solid after interaction over a contact period. Methods of lost circulation control using the LCM are also provided. 1. A method to control lost circulation in a lost circulation zone in a wellbore , comprising:introducing a lost circulation material (LCM) into the wellbore such that the LCM contacts the lost circulation zone and reduces a rate of lost circulation of a drilling fluid into the lost circulation zone as compared to a period before introducing the LCM, wherein the LCM comprises an alkaline nanosilica dispersion and a water insoluble polyester, wherein the weight ratio of the alkaline nanosilica dispersion to the polyester activator is in the range of 50:1 to 80:1.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LCM consists of the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the water insoluble polyester.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water insoluble polyester comprises at least one of a polylactide claim 1 , a polyhydroxyalkanoate claim 1 , polyglycolide claim 1 , polylactoglycolide claim 1 , and polycaprolactone.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , comprising maintaining the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and water insoluble polyester in contact with the lost circulation zone for a contact period claim 1 , such that the alkaline nanosilica dispersion forms a gelled solid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the contact period comprises a range of 0.5 hours to 24 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lost circulation zone has a temperature that is at least 100° F.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising mixing the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the water insoluble polyester to form the LCM at the surface before introducing the LCM into the wellbore.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LCM comprises at least one of calcium carbonate particles claim 1 , fibers ...

Loss Circulation Material Composition Having Alkaline Nanoparticle Based Dispersion and Water Soluble Hydrolysable Ester

A lost circulation material (LCM) is provided having an alkaline nanosilica dispersion and an ester activator. The alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the ester activator may form a gelled solid after interaction over a contact period. Methods of lost circulation control using the LCM are also provided. 1. A method to control lost circulation in a lost circulation zone in a wellbore , comprising:introducing a lost circulation material (LCM) into the wellbore such that the LCM contacts the lost circulation zone and reduces a rate of lost circulation into the lost circulation zone as compared to a period before introducing the LCM, wherein the LCM comprises an alkaline nanosilica dispersion and a water soluble ester.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LCM consists of the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the water soluble ester.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble ester comprises at least one of a glycol ester claim 1 , a polyethylene glycol ester claim 1 , an alkyl ester claim 1 , and an ester of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble ester comprises at least one of ethyl acetate claim 1 , ethyl formate claim 1 , ethylene glycol diacetate claim 1 , diethylene glycol dilactate claim 1 , and ethylene glycol diformate.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising maintaining the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the water soluble ester in contact with the lost circulation zone for a contact period claim 1 , such that the alkaline nanosilica dispersion forms a gelled solid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the contact period comprises a range of 0.5 hours to 24 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble ester comprises an amount in the range of 0.1 percent by volume of the total volume (v/v %) to 10 v/v %.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lost circulation zone has a temperature that is at least 100° F.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising mixing the alkaline nanosilica dispersion and the ...

Self-healing and Bacteria Resistant Coating Materials for Various Substrates

The present invention provides a coating composition and a method of imparting self-healing, anti-microbial and anti-fouling properties onto a substrate at ambient temperature without external intervention. The coating composition comprises a product of an in-situ polymerization mixture comprising diisocyanate, polyol and saccharide. The polyol is a polyester or a polyether. 1. A coating composition comprising a product of an in-situ polymerization mixture comprises diisocyanate , polyol , and saccharide , wherein the polyol is polyester or polyether and wherein the molar ratio of diisocyanate to polyol is 2.2:1 to 8:1 and the diisocyanate and the polyol form a polymer backbone joined by carbamate linkage that provides hydrogen bonding to impart self-healing property to the coating composition.2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises diisocyanate claim 1 , polyester and monosaccharide or the mixture comprises diisocyanate claim 1 , polyether and polysaccharide.3. The coating composition of claim 3 , wherein the mixture further comprises catalyst selected from organotin claim 3 , bismuth neodecanoate claim 3 , zinc acetate claim 3 , triethylamine and a combination thereof.4. The coating composition of claim 3 , the in-situ polymerization mixture further comprises a metal complex or a polymer capable to provide low interfacial energy to the in-situ polymerization product claim 3 , or both.5. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the diisoyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate claim 2 , isophorone diisocyanate and 4 claim 2 ,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate claim 2 , the polyester is selected from polycaprolactone diol claim 2 , polycaprolactone triol claim 2 , and poly(tetramethylene adipate) diol and the monosaccharide is selected from methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside claim 2 , glucose and fructose.6. The coating composition of claim 2 , wherein the polyether is selected from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR

A piezoelectric actuator is provided, including a vibration plate, a piezoelectric layer, a plurality of individual electrodes arranged in two arrays, first and second common electrodes which have first and second facing portions facing parts of the individual electrodes and first and second connecting portions connecting the first and second facing portions respectively, and first and second wiring portions which are arranged on the vibration plate and which are connected to the first and second common electrodes respectively via first and second connecting wirings, wherein one of the first connecting wirings connects the first connecting portion and one of the first wiring portion while striding over the second connecting portion. 1. An ink-jet head comprising: a first pressure chamber; and', 'a second pressure chamber;, 'a channel body defining at leastan insulating layer arranged over the channel body in a height direction, wherein portions of the insulating layer are arranged over the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber;a piezoelectric layer arranged over the insulating layer in the height direction, wherein portions of the piezoelectric layer are arranged over the first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber; a first portion arranged over the piezoelectric layer in the height direction, wherein the first portion is arranged over the first pressure chamber in the height direction;', 'a second portion arranged over the piezoelectric layer in the height direction, wherein the second portion is arranged over the second pressure chamber in the height direction;', 'a third portion arranged on a surface extending away from the insulating layer in the height direction;', 'a fourth portion arranged on a surface extending away from the insulating layer in the height direction; and,', 'a fifth portion arranged over the piezoelectric layer in the height direction, wherein the fifth portion is connected with the first portion, the second ...

Thin Film Cell Encapsulation Devices

Thin film devices, e.g., multilayer thin film devices, that encapsulate cells for transplantation into a subject are provided. Also provided are methods of using and methods of preparing the subject devices. The thin film devices include a first porous polymer layer and a second porous polymer layer that define a lumen therebetween and encapsulate a population of cells within the lumen. The thin film devices can promote vascularization into the lumen of the device via the pores in the first polymer layer and/or second polymer layer; limit foreign body response to the device; limit ingress of cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines into the lumen via the first and the second polymer layers; and release from the first polymer layer and/or the second polymer layer molecules secreted by the population of cells. 133.-. (canceled)34. A device comprising an exterior surface comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer , wherein said exterior surface is configured to be in contact with a bodily fluid or a bodily tissue of a subject , and wherein , when said device is implanted in a subject for at least 5 months , a level of fibrosis around said device has a fibrosis score of Grade 2 or less , as measured by histology.35. The device of claim 34 , wherein said device is circular claim 34 , elliptical claim 34 , square claim 34 , rectangular claim 34 , or a combination thereof.36. The device of claim 34 , wherein said device is fabricated from PCL polymer claim 34 , or said exterior surface is coated with PCL polymer claim 34 , or both.37. The device of claim 34 , wherein said PCL polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 50-200 kDa.38. The device of claim 34 , wherein said exterior surface is coated with a molecule that promotes vascularization of said device claim 34 , a molecule that inhibits an immune response to said device claim 34 , a molecule that inhibits an inflammatory response to said device claim 34 , or any combination thereof.39. The device of claim 34 , ...

SILICON-CONTAINING UNDERLAYERS

Wet-strippable underlayer compositions comprising one or more silicon-containing polymers comprising a backbone comprising Si—O linkages, one or more organic blend polymers, and a cure catalyst are provided. These compositions are useful in the manufacture of various electronic devices. 1. A process comprising: (a) coating a substrate with a coating composition comprising one or more curable silicon-containing polymers comprising a backbone comprising Si—O linkages , and one or more organic blend polymers comprising as polymerized units one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an acidic proton and having a pKa in water from −5 to 13 , and one or more organic solvents to form a curable silicon-containing polymer layer on the substrate; (b) curing the silicon-containing polymer layer to form a siloxane underlayer; (c) disposing a layer of a photoresist on the siloxane underlayer; (d) pattern-wise exposing the photoresist layer to form a latent image; (e) developing the latent image to form a patterned photoresist layer having a relief image therein; (f) transferring the relief image to the substrate; and (g) removing the siloxane underlayer by wet stripping.2. The process of wherein the organic blend polymer comprises as polymerized units two or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers.7. The process of wherein the lactone moiety of Ris a 5 to 7-membered ring or a substituted 5 to 7-membered ring.8. The process of wherein the coating composition further comprises one or more cure catalysts.11. The process of further comprising coating a layer of a high carbon-content organic coating on the substrate prior to step (a).12. The process of wherein the wet stripping step comprises contacting the siloxane underlayer with a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.13. A composition comprising: one or more curable silicon-containing polymers comprising a backbone comprising Si—O linkages; and one or more organic ...

Polylactide Based Compositions

Embodiments of poly-lactide compositions are disclosed herein. The compositions may comprise at least one first polymer selected from polylactide-polybutadiene (PLA-PB) block copolymer, polylactide-urethane-polybutadiene block copolymer, or a mixture thereof; and at least one second polymer selected from polylactide, polylactide-urethane, or a mixture thereof. The composition may also comprise from 20% to 50% by weight of said first polymer based on the total weight of the composition and from 50% to 80% by weight of said second polymer based on the total weight of the composition. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a process for preparing the poly-lactide compositions and articles comprising the poly-lactide compositions.

Flow Constraint Material and Slurry Compositions

A flow constraint material consists essentially of degradable particles, where at least 50% by volume of the degradable particles have an average particle size of about 1 millimeters (mm) to about 6 mm. 1. A stimulation treatment slurry , comprising:a carrier fluid;about 0.01 wt % to about 1 wt % of a flow constraint material;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a first proppant;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a second proppant; and the weight percentages of the flow constraint material, the first proppant, and the second proppant are based on a combined weight of the first proppant and the second proppant;', 'an average particle size of the first proppant is less than an average particle size of the second proppant;', 'the first proppant and the second proppant have different compositions;', 'the flow constraint material consists essentially of degradable particles; and', 'an average particle size of the degradable particles is at least two times greater than the average particle size of the second proppant., 'wherein2. The stimulation treatment slurry of claim 1 , wherein the stimulation treatment slurry comprises about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % of the flow constraint material and about 100% of a single proppant.3. The stimulation treatment slurry of claim 1 , wherein the stimulation treatment slurry comprises:about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a first proppant;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a second proppant; andabout 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a third proppant.4. The stimulation treatment slurry of claim 1 , wherein the stimulation treatment slurry comprises:about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a first proppant;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a second proppant;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a third proppant; andabout 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a fourth proppant.5. The stimulation treatment slurry of claim 1 , wherein the stimulation treatment slurry comprises:about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a first proppant;about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % of a second proppant;about ...

High crystalline poly(lactic acid) filaments for material-extrusion based additive manufacturing

Provided is a new and better solution to the problems associated with the premature softening of PLA filaments in the additive manufacturing of three dimensional articles. It is based upon the finding that poly (lactic acid) filaments with high crystallinity offer much better resistance to heat-induced softening. The crystalline poly (lactic acid) filament can accordingly be used in the additive manufacturing of three dimensional articles without encountering the problems associated with premature softening, such as poor quality and printer jamming. The crystalline poly (lactic acid) filaments can also be used in additive manufacturing of three dimensional articles without compromising the quality of the ultimate product, reducing printing speed, increasing cost, or leading to increased printer complexity. It more specifically discloses a filament for use in three-dimensional printing which is comprised of crystalized poly (lactic acid), wherein said filament has a diameter which is within the range of 1.65 mm to 1.85 mm.

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS

Provided herein is a composition comprising a poly(alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities wherein the poly(alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid) is selected from poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(D-lactic acid) and poly(D,L-lactic acid). Also provided is a device comprising: a substrate, and a coating wherein the coating comprises poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities. 1. A method for the preparation of a composition comprising poly(D ,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities , said method comprising:contacting poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing acidic impurties with a solid base;forming a salt of the acidic impurity; andseparating the poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) from the salt of the acidic impurity.2. A method for the preparation of a composition comprising poly(D ,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities , said method comprising:dissolving the poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing acidic impurties in an inert solvent;contacting poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) solution with a metal hydride;forming a metal salt of the acidic impurity; andseparating the poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) from the metal salt of the acidic impurity.3. A method for the preparation of a composition comprising poly(D ,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities , said method comprising:forming the poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing acidic impurties into a thin film;contacting said poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) thin film with a layer of solid base;diffusing the acidic impurties from said poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) thin film; andseparating the poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) thin film from the layer of solid base.4. A method for the preparation of a composition comprising poly(D ,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) substantially free of acidic impurities , said method comprising subjecting the ...

RESIDENCE STRUCTURES AND RELATED METHODS

Residence structures, systems, and related methods are generally provided. Certain embodiments comprise administering (e.g., orally) a residence structure to a subject (e.g., a patient) such that the residence structure is retained at a location internal to the subject for a particular amount of time (e.g., at least about 24 hours) before being released. The residence structure may be, in some cases, a gastric residence structure. In some embodiments, the structures and systems described herein comprise one or more materials configured for high levels of active substances (e.g., a therapeutic agent) loading, high active substance and/or structure stability in acidic environments, mechanical flexibility and strength in an internal orifice (e.g., gastric cavity), easy passage through the GI tract until delivery to at a desired internal orifice (e.g., gastric cavity), and/or rapid dissolution/degradation in a physiological environment (e.g., intestinal environment) and/or in response to a chemical stimulant (e.g., ingestion of a solution that induces rapid dissolution/degradation). In certain embodiments, the structure has a modular design, combining a material configured for controlled release of therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or enhancement agents with a structural material necessary for gastric residence but configured for controlled and/or tunable degradation/dissolution to determine the time at which retention shape integrity is lost and the structure passes out of the gastric cavity. For example, in certain embodiments, the residence structure comprises a first elastic component, a second component configured to release an active substance (e.g., a therapeutic agent), and, optionally, a linker. In some such embodiments, the linker may be configured to degrade such that the residence structure breaks apart and is released from the location internally of the subject after a predetermined amount of time. 179.-. (canceled)80. An article , comprising:a containing ...

RESIDENCE STRUCTURES AND RELATED METHODS

Residence structures, systems, and related methods are generally provided. Certain embodiments comprise administering (e.g., orally) a residence structure to a subject (e.g., a patient) such that the residence structure is retained at a location internal to the subject for a particular amount of time (e.g., at least about 24 hours) before being released. The residence structure may be, in some cases, a gastric residence structure. In some embodiments, the structures and systems described herein comprise one or more materials configured for high levels of active substances (e.g., a therapeutic agent) loading, high active substance and/or structure stability in acidic environments, mechanical flexibility and strength in an internal orifice (e.g., gastric cavity), easy passage through the GI tract until delivery to at a desired internal orifice (e.g., gastric cavity), and/or rapid dissolution/degradation in a physiological environment (e.g., intestinal environment) and/or in response to a chemical stimulant (e.g., ingestion of a solution that induces rapid dissolution/degradation). In certain embodiments, the structure has a modular design, combining a material configured for controlled release of therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or enhancement agents with a structural material necessary for gastric residence but configured for controlled and/or tunable degradation/dissolution to determine the time at which retention shape integrity is lost and the structure passes out of the gastric cavity. For example, in certain embodiments, the residence structure comprises a first elastic component, a second component configured to release an active substance (e.g., a therapeutic agent), and, optionally, a linker. In some such embodiments, the linker may be configured to degrade such that the residence structure breaks apart and is released from the location internally of the subject after a predetermined amount of time. 179.-. (canceled)80. A method for delivering a residence ...

Method to Manufacture PLA Using a New Polymerization Catalyst

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing polylactide, comprising the steps of mixing lactide and a metal-coordination compound as polymerization catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture, polymerizing the lactide in liquid phase at a temperature of at least 150° C. to form polylactide in liquid phase and allowing the polylactide to solidify, characterized in that the polymerization catalyst comprises a metal-ligand coordination compound whereby the parent ligand answers the formula (I), whereby R represents an H atom, an aliphatic group, a halide atom or a nitro group and the metal is at least one of Zr and Hf. The invented catalysts show kinetics which is comparable to the kinetics of the known Sn-octoate catalyst. 2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the R group is a methyl group.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the metal is Zr.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that a co-initiator is added to the reaction mixture.5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the amount of metal originating from the catalyst ranges between 1 and 2000 ppm.6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the temperature of the liquid phase ranges between 160° C. and 220° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the liquid phase is subjected to a devolatilization step before solidifying the formed polylactide.8. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that a catalyst deactivating agent is added to the liquid phase when at least 90% of the lactide is converted into polylactide.10. Polylactide containing a Zr-containing compound claim 1 , characterized in that the amount of Zr metal originating from the compound is 1-2000 ppm.11. Polylactide according to claim 10 , characterized in that the racemization rate of the lactoyl units within the polylactide during its manufacture is less than 2%.12. The method according to claim 2 , characterized in that the metal ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS TO OBTAIN HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives. A method includes treating a reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material with one or more enzymes and/or organisms (such as ) to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as lactic acid, glycolic acid); and converting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product (such as esters, polymers, and copolymers). 1. A method for making a product comprising:treating a reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material with one or more enzymes and/or organisms to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid, andconverting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a feedstock is pretreated with at least one of irradiation claim 1 , sonication claim 1 , oxidation claim 1 , pyrolysis and steam explosion to produce the reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein irradiation is performed with an electron beam.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting is selected from the group consisting of polymerization claim 1 , isomerization claim 1 , esterification claim 1 , oxidation claim 1 , reduction claim 1 , disproportionation and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product comprises converting lactic acid to esters.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating is performed initially with one of more enzymes to release one or more sugars from the lignocellulosic or cellulosic material followed by adding one or more organisms to produce the hydroxy-carboxylic acid.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein producing the hydroxy-carboxylic acid comprises treating is performed initially to release one ...