ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕДНЫХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ НОСИТЕЛЯХ ДЛЯ РИФОРМИНГА СПИРТОВ

Изобретение относится к дегидрированию или риформингу спиртов, в частности к способу дегидрирования первичного спирта, такого как метанол или этанол, для получения водорода, в частности для использования в топливном элементе с целью получения электрической энергии. В способе дегидрирования используют медьсодержащий катализатор, включающий в себя металлический носитель, при этом такой катализатор обладает повышенной активностью в газофазном риформинге первичных спиртов, также являются более устойчивыми и особенно активными для термического разложения этанола на водород, метан, монооксид углерода и диоксид углерода при умеренной температуре. Для решения поставленной задачи способ включает приведение в контакт исходной сырьевой смеси газов, содержащей спирт, с катализатором риформинга, чтобы получить смесь продуктов риформинга, содержащую водород, причем катализатор риформинга содержит металлический губчатый носитель и покрытие на меди, по меньшей мере, частично покрывающее поверхность данного ...

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОТВОРНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к способу увеличения теплотворной способности углеродсодержащего топлива путем каталитической гидрогенизации и трансформации при температуре 400-700°С и нормальном давлении. Способ характеризуется тем, что в качестве катализатора используют оксиды или фториды урана и их смеси с вовлечением в процесс воды в количестве, необходимом для образования моноокиси углерода СО. При сжигании продуктов гидрогенизации теплотворная способность увеличивается на 25% по сравнению с исходным топливом. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 3 пр., 1 ил.

ФИЛЬТР, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ САЖИ И NH-SCR КАТАЛИЗАТОР

Изобретение относится к фильтру с протеканием через стенки для фильтрования материала в виде частиц от протекающих отработанных газов и к способу его получения. Фильтр содержит катализатор для преобразования твердого углерода в материал в виде частиц с помощью кислорода и для селективного восстановления оксидов азота в отработанных газах с помощью азотистого восстановителя, причем катализатор содержит оксид церия и вольфрам. Изобретение также относится к выхлопной системе для транспортного средства, причем система содержит источник азотистого восстановителя, инжекционные средства для инжекции азотистого восстановителя в протекающих отработанных газах и фильтр с протеканием через стенки, расположенный после инжекционных средств. Технический результат заключается в уменьшении обратного давления в выхлопной системе, повышая эффективность двигателя. 3 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил., 2 табл., 3 пр.

КОМБИНАЦИЯ ЗАЩИТНОГО СЛОЯ И СЛОЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ С ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к комбинации защитного слоя от соединений хлора и слоя медьсодержащего катализатора и к способу проведения каталитической реакции с ее использованием. Описана комбинация, содержащая слой частиц медьсодержащего катализатора и предваряющий его в технологической схеме защитный слой от соединения хлора, образованный из сформованных элементов, полученных из частиц карбоната свинца и/или основного карбоната свинца со среднемассовым размером частиц менее 10 мкм. Описан также способ проведения каталитической реакции с использованием описанной выше комбинации. Технический эффект - предотвращение дезактивации медьсодержащего катализатора при содержании в технологическом газе соединений хлора. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ГАЗА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ НЕТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ И КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

Изобретение относится к устройству и способу обработки окислительным разложением опасного газа. Устройство содержит проточный канал, по которому протекает подлежащий обработке газ, плазмогенерирующий блок, включающий в себя первый электрод, второй электрод, диэлектрический материал, которые расположены внутри проточного канала, и блок источника питания для подачи питания переменного тока с выходной частотой 0,5 кГц или выше, при этом между первым электродом и вторым электродом с помощью блока источника питания прикладывается напряжение, чтобы вызвать появление электрического разряда, за счет чего генерируется плазма, и каталитическую среду, которая предусмотрена в том положении, где находится плазма, генерируемая плазмогенерирующим блоком внутри проточного канала, предназначена для ускорения реакции с подлежащим обработке газом и имеет металлические каталитические частицы, находящиеся на неорганическом веществе. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную обработку опасного газа при нормальной ...

АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТНЫЙ ЦЕОЛИТ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ МЕТАЛЛ

Изобретение относится к каталитической системе очистки выхлопных газов. Предложен синтетический алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор, содержащий медь в качестве каталитически активного компонента. Катализатор содержит алюмосиликатный цеолит типа шабазит. Максимальный размер кольца цеолита составляет восемь тетраэдрических атомов. Средний размер кристаллитов цеолита, определенный сканирующей электронной микроскопией, составляет более 0,50 микрометра. Изобретение обеспечивает повышенную селективность восстановления оксидов азота в выхлопных газах двигателей внутреннего сгорания. 3 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 4 пр.

ВЫХЛОПНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТ СЖАТИЯ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ ЗАХВАТА ИСПАРИВШЕЙСЯ ПЛАТИНЫ

Изобретение относится к выхлопной системе для обработки выхлопных газов двигателя с воспламенением от сжатия, где выхлопная система содержит катализатор окисления, включающий носитель, который представляет собой проточный монолитный носитель или фильтрующий монолитный носитель и имеет поверхность входного конца и поверхность выходного конца; каталитический материал, расположенный на носителе, причем каталитический материал содержит платину (Pt); и зону захвата, содержащую захватывающий материал, где захватывающий материал содержит Pt-легирующий металл, расположенный на тугоплавком оксиде или нанесенный на тугоплавкий оксид, где Pt-легирующий металл в катализаторе окисления является палладием (Pd), причем захватывающий материал расположен на множестве стенок каналов или нанесен на множество стенок каналов внутри носителя, и при этом тугоплавкий оксид включает по меньшей мере 65% вес. оксида циркония, при этом данная зона захвата имеет среднюю длину ≤20 мм, расположена на поверхности выходного ...

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ НАНЕСЕННЫХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТАЛЛ/ОКСИД МЕТАЛЛА ПУТЕМ ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩЕЙ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ НАНОМЕТАЛЛУРГИИ В ОПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ РЕАКЦИОННЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВАХ ПОРИСТЫХ НОСИТЕЛЕЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТАЛЛОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ И/ИЛИ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКОВ И МЕТАЛЛСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение относится к способу получения и использования катализаторов для синтеза метанола. Описан способ получения катализатора с пористым носителем, по меньшей мере одним активным металлом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из меди, серебра и золота, и по меньшей мере одним промотором, выбранным из группы, состоящей из цинка, олова и алюминия, который пригоден для синтеза метанола, причем подготавливают пористый носитель, который имеет удельную поверхность по меньшей мере 500 м2/г, на пористый носитель наносят по меньшей мере один предшественник активного металла, который включает по меньшей мере один активный металл в восстанавливаемой форме, а также по меньшей мере одну группу, которая связана с атомом активного металла через связывающий атом, выбранный из атомов азота и фосфора, предшественник активного металла восстанавливают с помощью восстановителя, который включает по меньшей мере один металл-промотор, и по меньшей мере одну органическую группу, которая связана с атомом промотора ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ СКВ: ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ МЕТАЛЛ/ЦЕОЛИТ

Изобретение относится к способу превращения оксидов азота в азот. Способ осуществляется путем контактирования оксидов азота с азотистым восстанавливающим агентом в присутствии синтетического цеолитного катализатора, содержащего от 0,1 до 10 мас.% металла, в расчете на общую массу цеолитного катализатора. При этом металл выбирают из Cu, Fe или их комбинации. Цеолитный катализатор нанесен на подложку фильтра и представляет собой силикоалюмофосфатный цеолит (SAPO), имеющий структуру СНА. Изобретение позволяет создать эффективные СКВ-катализаторы, которые имеют хорошую низкотемпературную СКВ-активность, высокую селективность к N, и хорошую термическую стойкость, а также являются относительно устойчивыми к ингибированию углеводородами. 3 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 23 ил.

СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА МЕТАНОЛА

Изобретение относится к способу синтеза метанола, включающему следующие стадии:(i) проведение в реакционном контуре реакции технологического газа, содержащего водород, диоксид углерода и монооксид углерода, над катализатором, с получением газа-продукта,(ii) конденсация метанола, воды и побочно образующихся оксигенатов из газа-продукта,(iii) возврат непрореагировавших газов в реакционный контур,где катализатор включает таблетки, полученные путем прессования из восстановленного и пассивированного порошкообразного катализатора, где указанный порошок содержит медь в диапазоне 15-70% вес., оксид цинка, причем весовое отношение Cu:Zn в пересчете на оксид находится в диапазоне от 2:1 до 3,5:1, оксид алюминия в диапазоне 5-60% вес. и, необязательно, одно или несколько оксидных промотирующих соединений, выбираемых из соединений Mg, Cr, Mn, V, Ti, Zr, Та, Мо, W, Si и редкоземельных элементов, в диапазоне 0,01-10% вес. При этом катализатор получают посредством проведения стадий, включающих:(i) составление ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НИТРАТА МЕТАЛЛА НА ПОДЛОЖКЕ

Изобретение относится к области катализаОписанпособ получения оксида металла на подложке и восстановленного оксида металла на подложке, пригодного для использования в качестве предшественника для катализатора или сорбента, включающий стадии: (i) импрегнирования материала подложки раствором нитрата металла в растворителе, (ii) выдерживания импрегнированного материала в газовой смеси, содержащей оксид азота, при температуре в пределах 0-150°C для удаления растворителя из импрегнированного материала с одновременным высушиванием и стабилизацией нитрата металла на подложке, с получением диспергированного на подложке нитрата металла и (iii) кальцинирования диспергированного на подложке нитрата металла для осуществления его разложения и образования оксида металла на подложке, где кальцинирование осуществляют в газовой смеси, которая состоит из одного или нескольких инертных газов и оксида азота и концентрация оксида азота в газовой смеси находится в пределах 0,001-15% об. Технический результат ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕДЬ-НИКЕЛЬ-ОКСИД-УГЛЕРОДНОГО КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Изобретение относится к способу получения медь-никель-оксид-углеродных композиционных материалов, пригодных в качестве катализаторов в реакциях органического синтеза. В способе получения медь-никель-оксид-углеродного композиционного материала осуществляют карбонизацию древесных отходов лесозаготавливающих производств размером 1-20 мм путем нагрева древесных отходов до температуры от 700 до 800°С в атмосфере инертного газа, выдерживания при конечной температуре нагрева в течение 10-120 мин, охлаждения полученного карбонизата до 500°С в атмосфере инертного газа, осуществления последующего охлаждения карбонизата до комнатной температуры в атмосфере воздуха. Карбонизат импрегнируют раствором нитрата меди (2) и/или никеля (2) в азотной кислоте с получением суспензии. Далее активируют указанную суспензию путем нагрева в реакторе до температуры 500-550°С и выдерживают ее при этой температуре. Осуществляют промывку полученного материала водой до нейтральной среды и сушку композиционного материала ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ ХИТОЗАНОМ, ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ПИРИДИНА И ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ И ПРОЦЕСС ГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ПИРИДИНА И ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ХИТОЗАНОМ

Изобретение относится к области каталитических технологий переработки сырья, содержащего азотистые гетероциклические соединения, и касается, в частности, катализаторов и способа переработки пиридина и его производных в ценные продукты - гидрированные гетероциклические соединения. Заявляемый катализатор для гидрирования пиридина и его производных содержит монометаллические наночастицы палладия или биметаллические наночастицы палладия-меди со средним размером 2-3 нм на носителе - оксиде алюминия, модифицированном хитозаном. Заявляемый катализатор позволяет повысить селективность процесса при сохранении высокой конверсии гетероциклического соединения, а также повысить стабильность катализатора в последовательных циклах гидрирования. 1 табл., 1 пр.

Способ получения металл-оксид-углеродного композиционного материала из технической сажи после пиролиза отработанных автопокрышек

Изобретение относится к способу получения металл-оксид-углеродных композиционных материалов, использующихся в качестве катализаторов в реакциях органического синтеза и термолиза. В качестве углеродной основы используют техническую сажу в виде измельченной фракции с размерами частиц менее 1 мм, полученной при пиролизе отработанных автопокрышек и характеризующейся зольностью 10,1-15,8 мас.% и содержанием серы 1,0-2,7 мас.%. Проводят импрегнирование указанной сажи раствором нитрата металла (или смесью растворов нитратов металлов) в азотной кислоте с получением суспензии. Выдерживают суспензию при комнатной температуре в течение 30-180 мин, затем нагревают в реакторе со скоростью 120-600 °С/ч до температуры 650-800°С в инертной неокислительной атмосфере. Выдерживают в инертной неокислительной атмосфере при этой температуре в течение 15-120 мин до получения композиционного материала. Причем в качестве растворов нитрата металла в азотной кислоте используют раствор нитрата меди (II), и/или нитрата ...

ЭКСТРУДИРОВАННЫЙ SCR-ФИЛЬТР

Изобретение относится к области очистки газов. Предложен фильтр с протеканием через стенки, содержащий катализатор для преобразования оксидов азота в присутствии восстанавливающего агента. Фильтр содержит экструдированную твердую массу, содержащую: 10-95% масс., по меньшей мере, одного компонента связующего вещества/матрицы; 5-90% масс. цеолитного молекулярного сита, нецеолитного молекулярного сита или смеси любых двух или более из них и 0-80% масс. необязательно стабилизированного оксида церия. Катализатор содержит, по меньшей мере, один металл, где: (i) по меньшей мере, один металл присутствует в экструдированной твердой массе, а также присутствует при более высокой концентрации на поверхности экструдированной твердой массы; (ii) по меньшей мере, один металл присутствует в экструдированной твердой массе, а также, его наносят в виде одного или нескольких слоев покрытия на поверхность экструдированной твердой массы, или (iii) по меньшей мере, один металл присутствует в экструдированной ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЦИКЛОГЕКСАНА

Предложен способ получения циклогексана парофазным гидрированием бензола, содержащего в качестве примесей сернистые соединения, при повышенной температуре и повышенном давлении в нескольких реакционных зонах в присутствии никель-хромового и медьсодержащего катализаторов, расположенных в различных реакционных зонах, с использованием медьсодержащего катализатора в первой по технологическому циклу реакционной зоне, с регулированием температуры в реакционной зоне, содержащей никель-хромовый катализатор, путем подачи конденсата из сепаратора в реакционную зону с последующим его испарением. Процесс проводят в трех реакционных зонах, во второй зоне используют никель-хромовый катализатор с добавкой инертных компонентов - керамических шаров при массовом соотношении никель-хромовый катализатор:керамические шары равном (60-70):(40-30), а в третьей зоне используют никель-хромовый катализатор при массовом соотношении медьсодержащий катализатор:никель-хромовый катализатор равном (20-40):(80-60), а регулирование ...

МОНОЛИТНАЯ ПОДЛОЖКА С КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ SCR

... 1. Монолитная подложка, имеющая длину L и включающая первую зону, по существу, постоянной длины, ограничиваемую на одном конце первым концом монолитной подложки, при этом, первая зона содержит катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR), предназначенный для восстановления оксидов азота азотистым восстановителем в выхлопном газе, выбрасываемом двигателем внутреннего сгорания, и вторую зону, по существу, постоянной длины, меньше L, ограничиваемую на одном конце вторым концом монолитной подложки, при этом, вторая зона содержит (а) по меньшей мере, один оксид металла в форме частиц или смесь любых двух или более оксидов металлов, предназначенных для улавливания газофазного металла платиновой группы (PGM), при этом указанный, по меньшей мере, один оксид металла в форме частиц не выполняет функцию подложки для какого-либо другого каталитического компонента; или (b) компонент, способный улавливать и/или сплавляться с газофазным PGM.2. Монолитная подложка по п. 1, в которой, по ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ОКСИДОВ АЗОТА ИЗ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ ДИЗЕЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

... 1. Катализатор для удаления оксидов азота из отработавших газов (ОГ) дизельных двигателей, состоящий из носителя длиной L и каталитически активного покрытия из одной или нескольких материальных зон, содержащих- цеолит или цеолитоподобное соединение, содержащий/содержащее медь в количестве от 1 до 10 мас.% в пересчете на всю его массу и выбранный/выбранное из группы, включающей шабазит, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 и β-цеолит, и- по меньшей мере одно соединение, выбранное из группы, включающей оксид бария, гидроксид бария, карбонат бария, оксид стронция, гидроксид стронция, карбонат стронция, оксид празеодима, оксид лантана, оксид магния, смешанный оксид магния и алюминия, оксид щелочного металла, гидроксид щелочного металла, карбонат щелочного металла и их смеси.2. Катализатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что цеолит, соответственно цеолитоподобное соединение, имеет средний размер пор менее 4 ангстрем и выбран/выбрано из группы, включающей шабазит, SAPO-34 и ALPO-34.3. Катализатор по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся ...

УЛУЧШЕННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПЛАТИНУ, МЕДЬ И ЖЕЛЕЗО

... 1. Катализатор, пригодный в качестве катализатора избирательного окисления, содержащий носитель, пропитанный каталитическими металлами: платиной, медью и железом, причем упомянутая платина присутствует на носителе в количестве 1-5% по массе, упомянутая медь присутствует на носителе в количестве 2-12% по массе, а упомянутое железо присутствует на носителе в количестве 0,10-2% по массе. ! 2. Катализатор, пригодный в качестве катализатора избирательного окисления, по п.1, в котором упомянутая платина присутствует в количестве 1-3%, упомянутая медь присутствует в количестве 4-8%, а упомянутое железо присутствует на носителе в количестве 0,2-1,0% по массе. ! 3. Катализатор, пригодный в качестве катализатора избирательного окисления, по п.1, в котором упомянутая платина присутствует в количестве примерно 2%, упомянутая медь присутствует в количестве примерно 8%, а упомянутое железо присутствует в количестве 0,10-1,5% по массе. ! 4. Катализатор, пригодный в качестве катализатора избирательного ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 5,6-ДИГИДРОДИЦИКЛОПЕНТАДИЕНА

Изобретение относится к способу получения дигидродициклопентадиена. Способ заключается во взаимодействии дициклопентадиена с молекулярным водородом при нагревании в реакторе проточного типа в присутствии катализатора, иммобилизированного на оксиде алюминия, отличается тем, что процесс проводят при температуре 150°С, в качестве катализатора используют наноструктурированные частицы меди, полученные химическим восстановлением комплексных соединений меди, в качестве оксида алюминия используют его гамма-модификацию, водород подают на катализатор с расходом 550-1100 л/(лкат⋅ч), а дициклопентадиен - с весовой скоростью 1.73-3.46 ч-1. Техническим результатом является повышение селективности процесса и повышение выхода продукта реакции. 4 пр.

Способ получения фотокаталитически активной пленки

Изобретение относится к области получения фотокаталитически активных полупроводниковых пленок. Предложен способ получения фотокаталитически активной пленки, включающий осаждение ионов Cu+2 в виде оксида меди или гидроксида меди из раствора неорганической соли меди на подложку. Осаждение ведут из раствора аммиаката хлорида меди(II) с концентрацией 0,3-3,0 моль/л при температуре 45-75°С при концентрации свободного аммиака 4,0-11,2 моль/л. При этом в качестве подложки используют силикагель, стекло, никелевую фольгу. Способ позволяет получать фотокаталитически активную пленку в одну стадию как на плоских образцах стекла, металлической фольги, так и на порошкообразных материалах, например на порошке силикагеля. 3 ил., 4 пр.

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЛКОКСИСИЛАНОВ

Изобретение относится к технологии получения кремнийсодержащих соединений и может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Реактор для получения алкоксисиланов содержит рабочую камеру 1, снабженную мелющими телами, электрообогревателем 2, технологическими патрубками 4, 5, установленную на виброприводе 6, при этом рабочая камера 1 и мелющие тела выполнены из меди или медьсодержащего сплава, например латуни. Реактор позволяет проводить синтез без предварительного получения контактной смеси, состоящей из кремния и медьсодержащего катализатора, обеспечивает получение целевого продукта с высоким выходом при высокой конверсии исходных веществ, повышение эффективности процесса, сокращение общего времени его проведения, уменьшение трудоемкости и энергопотребления. 1 ил., 4 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ

Предложен способ получения предшественника катализатора. Способ получения предшественника катализатора включает: получение суспензии, включающей жидкость-носитель, растворимую соль металла, частицы нерастворимой неорганической соли металла и частицы и/или одно или более тел предварительно сформованных носителей катализатора, с осаждением металла из нерастворимой соли металла на частицах носителя за счет хемосорбции, и с осаждением металла из растворимой соли металла внутри и/или на частицах носителя за счет пропитки, при этом хемосорбция и пропитка осуществляются одновременно, и металлы в нерастворимой неорганической соли металла и в растворимой соли металла являются одними и теми же, и представляют собой Со или Ni, и при этом указанный металл является активным компонентом катализатора, с образованием обработанного носителя катализатора, и удаление жидкости-носителя из суспензии с получением высушенного обработанного носителя катализатора, который или непосредственно представляет собой ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ НЕАКТИВНЫЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ГЕНЕРАТОР И УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Система катализаторного слоя для использования в адиабатических неокислительных процессах дегидрирования, содержащая катализатор дегидрирования, включающий в себя следующие отдельные компоненты, физически соединенные друг с другом: ! a) активный компонент, выбранный из оксида металла Группы 4, Группы 5, Группы 6 и их сочетаний, и подложку, выбранную из оксида алюминия, глиноземов, моногидрата оксида алюминия, тригидрата оксида алюминия, оксида алюминия-оксида кремния, переходных оксидов алюминия, альфа-оксида алюминия, оксида кремния, силикатов, алюминатов, кальцинированных гидроталькитов, цеолитов и их сочетаний; ! b) первый инертный материал, в качестве которого выбран любой из материалов, которые являются каталитически неактивными в условиях реакции, в которых можно осуществить дегидрирование олефинов, и которые обладают высокой плотностью и высокой теплоемкостью, и которые не способны выделять тепло в ходе какой-либо стадии процесса дегидрирования; и ! c) вторичный компонент, содержащий ...

АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТНЫЙ ЦЕОЛИТ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ МЕТАЛЛ

... 1. Синтетический алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл, выбранный из группы, состоящей из Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Au, In, V, лантаноидов и переходных металлов VIII группы, который представляет собой алюмосиликатный цеолит с небольшими порами, имеющий максимальный размером кольца, составляющий восемь тетраэдрических атомов, причем средний размер кристаллитов алюмосиликатного цеолита, определенный сканирующей электронной микроскопией, составляет >0,50 мкм.2. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл представляет собой медь, железо или медь и железо.3. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1 или 2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл является медью.4. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в котором средний размер кристаллитов составляет >1,00 мкм.5. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в ...

МОДУЛИ И СПОСОБЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ ТОПЛИВА

... 1. Модуль подготовки топлива для обработки сгораемого топлива перед сжиганием, включающий:корпус, имеющий впускной и выпускной концы и определяющий сквозной канал для топлива между ними; ивставной блок подготовки топлива, расположенный в сквозном канале, таким образом, что топливо, протекающее в канале между впускным и выпускным концами корпуса, вступает в контакт с блоком подготовки топлива, причемвставной блок подготовки топлива включает:(i) массу каталитических металлических элементов, которые составляет каталитический металл;(ii) массу твердого полимерного каталитического материала в форме пластинок, диспергированных в массе каталитических металлических материалов, причем пластинки из твердого полимерного каталитического материала составляют полимерный связующий материал и каталитическую смесь твердых частиц цеолита и твердых частиц редкоземельного металла или оксида металла, смешанных в твердом полимерном связующем материале.2. Модуль подготовки топлива по п.1, дополнительно включающий ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НИТРАТА МЕТАЛЛА НА ПОДЛОЖКЕ

... 1. Способ получения нитрата металла на подложке, пригодного для использования в качестве предшественника для катализатора или сорбента, включающий стадии:(i) импрегнирования материала подложки нитратом металла и(ii) выдерживания импрегнированного материала в газовой смеси, содержащей оксид азота, при температуре в пределах 0-150°C, с получением диспергированного на подложке нитрата металла и(iii) дополнительно включающий стадию кальцинирования нитрата металла для осуществления его разложения и образования оксида металла на подложке, где кальцинирование осуществляют в газовой смеси, которая содержит оксид азота, закись азота, или их смесь и имеет содержание кислорода ≤5 об.%.2. Способ по п.1, в котором раствор нитрата металла содержит нитрат переходного металла.3. Способ по п.2, в котором диспергированный на подложке нитрат металла содержит нитрат металла формулы M(OH)(NO), в которой x, y и z представляют собой целые числа ≥1 и M представляет собой переходной металл, предпочтительно железо ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОБРАБОТКИ ПРОСКОЧИВШЕГО АММИАКА

ФИЛЬТР ДЛЯ ФИЛЬТРОВАНИЯ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ВИДЕ ЧАСТИЦ ИЗ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ, ВЫПУСКАЕМЫХ ИЗ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ПРИНУДИТЕЛЬНЫМ ЗАЖИГАНИЕМ

... 1. Фильтр для фильтрования вещества в виде частиц (ВВЧ) из выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя с принудительным зажиганием, который содержит пористую подложку, имеющую впускные поверхности и выпускные поверхности, при этом впускные поверхности отделены от выпускных поверхностей пористой структурой, содержащей поры первого среднего размера, причем пористая структура покрыта покрытием, содержащим множество твердых частиц, причем пористая структура пористой подложки с покрытием содержит поры второго среднего размера, и поры второго среднего размера меньше пор первого среднего размера.2. Фильтр по п.1, в котором первый средний размер пор пористой структуры пористой подложки составляет от 8 до 45 мкм.3. Фильтр по п.1, в котором количество покрытия составляет >0,50 г/дюйм.4. Фильтр по п.3, в котором количество покрытия составляет >1,00 г/дюйм.5. Фильтр по пп.1, 2, 3 или 4, содержащий поверхностное покрытие, при этом слой покрытия, по существу, покрывает поверхностные поры пористой структуры ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭТИЛЕНГЛИКОЛЯ ИЗ САХАРОВ

ПОВЕРХНОСТНО-МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ КАРБОНАТ КАЛЬЦИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ НОСИТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕДЬСОДЕРЖАЩИХ НАНОКАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ С РАЗВИТОЙ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬЮ

... 1. Способ получения медьсодержащих нанокатализаторов с развитой поверхностью, в котором сначала из раствора электролита на металлический носитель методом электроосаждения наносят медь, затем носитель с нанесенным активным металлом подвергают термообработке, отличающийся тем, что процесс электроосаждения ведут так, чтобы на металлической подложке с коэффициентом теплопроводности меньше 20 Вт/(м·К) вырастить монослой икосаэдрических малых частиц из меди, имеющих микронные размеры от 5 до 15 мкм и обладающих 6 осями симметрии пятого порядка, или слои микрокристаллов с дефектами дисклинационного типа в кристаллической решетке, затем проводят их отжиг в воздушной атмосфере при температурах 300-400°С и времени выдержки 4 ч до формирования у малых частиц развитой поверхности в виде нановискеров или при температурах 500-600°С и времени выдержки 2-3 ч до формирования у малых частиц развитой поверхности в виде нанопор или внутренних полостей или гофрированного рельефа.2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся ...

ТРОЙНОЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ЭКСТРУДИРОВАННУЮ ТВЕРДУЮ МАССУ

... 1. Тройной катализатор, содержащий экструдированную твердую массу, содержащую:10-95 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного компонента связующего вещества/матрицы;5-90 мас.% цеолитного молекулярного сита, нецеолитного молекулярного сита или смеси любых двух или более из них и0-80 мас.% необязательно стабилизированного оксида церия,этот катализатор содержит, по меньшей мере, один благородный металл и, необязательно, по меньшей мере, один неблагородный металл, где:(i) по меньшей мере, один благородный металл находится в одном или нескольких слоях покрытия на поверхности экструдированной твердой массы;(ii) по меньшей мере, один металл присутствует в экструдированной твердой массе и, по меньшей мере, один благородный металл также находится в одном или нескольких слоях покрытия на поверхности экструдированной твердой массы или(iii) по меньшей мере, один металл присутствует в экструдированной твердой массе, присутствует при более высокой концентрации на поверхности экструдированной твердой массы и, по ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ЦИКЛОГЕКСАНОЛА В ЦИКЛОГЕКСАНОН

Изобретение относится к области химической и нефтехимической промышленности, а именно к способам получения катализатора для дегидрирования циклогексанола в циклогексанон. Описан способ получения катализатора для дегидрирования циклогексанола в циклогексанон путем нанесения активного компонента - меди в виде гидроксокарбоната из водного раствора медно-аммиачно-карбонатного комплекса, на смешанный оксидный носитель, состоящий из смеси белой сажи и бемита, термической обработки и формования таблетированием, причем в качестве упрочняющей катализатор добавки, способствующей равномерному распределению активного компонента в катализаторе, используют продукт гидролиза жидкого натриевого стекла карбоновой кислотой, при этом соотношение кремния в продукте гидролиза жидкого натриевого стекла и белой саже составляет 1:(12-14). Техническим результатом является разработка способа получения катализатора с повышенной прочностью при равномерном распределении активного компонента и при сохранении активности ...

Способ получения каталитически действующих затвердевших в стеклообразном состоянии металлов

Катализатор для конверсии окиси углерода

Verfahren und Katalysator zur Reformierung von Methanol und Verfahren zur Herstellung von diesem Katalysator

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND COPPER-CATALYZED FLUID-BED HYDROCARBON-OXYHYDROCHLORINATION PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1,2-DICHLORETHANE

VERFAHREN ZUR REINIGUNG VON ABGASEN

VERFAHREN ZUM HERSTELLEN VON METALLISCHEN ODER KERAMISCHEN HOHLKUGELN

Verfahren zur Reinigung von Butin-(2)-diol-(1, 4)

KOMBINATION AUS SCHUTZBETT UND KUPFERHALTIGEM KATALYSATORBETT

Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Nitrilen in Amide

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER AMIDVERBINDUNG

Oxidn. hydrogenation or hardening catalyst obtd. from metal oxide mixt. - contains catalytic crystallites of varying size, esp. for hydrogenating oil, fat or fatty acid

Catalyst (I) for oxidn., hydrogenation or hardening of cpds., esp. hydrogenation of oils, fats, fatty acids and/or their derivs., contains at least 2 metal oxides, one of which may be CuO, and has at least 30 (wt.)% catalytic crystallites (II) with size varying between 20 and 300 A. (I) pref. has 50-90, pref. at least 70% (II), which have sizes from 100 to 200 A. (II) are mainly on the surface of (I) and embedded in a solid matrix. (II) consist of CuO and (mix) oxide(s) of Ti, Ni, Co, V, Mo, Fe, Sn, Ag, Cr, Si, Al, Y, Ba, La, Sr, Bi and/or Zn and/or metallic Pt, Pd and/or Re; esp. CuO or an oxide of Ni, Co and/or V and also TiO2, Cr2O3, SiO2, Al2O3 and/or ZnO. 40-100, pref. 80-90% of (II) consist of a chemical reaction prod. of the oxides, esp. of CuAl2O4 and/or Cu2Al2O5 or of CuTiO3. (I) is prepd. by treating a solid with the oxide starting amterials (pref. with a particle size of 30-300, esp. 60-120 microns), mixing and crushing mechanically for 1 s to 60 min., pref. 5-15 min. to particles ...

Supported catalyst for redn. of nitrogen oxide with ammonia - contg. base transition metal cpd. on titanium oxide and clay mineral

Catalyst for the vapour phase redn. of N oxides with ammonia consists of a base transition metal cpd. (I) on a shaped support of Ti oxide and a clay mineral with an average particle size of 0.1-100 mu m. The support can also contain, as an additional component, a fibrous inorganic material, silica hydrogel and/or silica sol. (I) is pref. an oxide of a gp. IB, VIB, VB, VIIB or VIII metal or Ce, esp. Cu, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe or Ce. Catalyst is esp. useful for the treatment of waste gases from boilers. It has high activity, is stable for long periods and has superior strength. It catalyses the redn. of NOx in waste and exhaust gases to N2 and water.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KATALYTISCH WIRKSAMEN, GLASIG ERSTARRTEN METALLEN

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AMINES

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON STICKOXIDEN AUS GASMISCHUNGEN

Verfahren zur Herstellung von gamma-Butyrolacton

The invention relates to a method for producing gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) by reacting 1,4-butandiol on a copper catalyst. The inventive method is characterized in that a reaction mixture is used which contains 1,4-butandiol, alcohols that differ from 1,4-butandiol, and water.

Verfahren zum Vorbereiten eines Mehrkomponenten-Legierungskatalysators

Ein Verfahren zum Vorbereiten eines Mehrkomponenten-Legierungskatalysators, auf dem ein katalytisches Metall getragen wird, enthält das Vorbereiten eines Kohlenstoffverbundstoffes, der einen Kohlenstoffträger aufweist, der mit einem kationischen Polymer beschichtet ist, Tragen eines katalytischen Metalls, das zumindest zwei Metallelemente enthält, auf dem Kohlenstoffverbundstoff, um einen Legierungskatalysator-Vorläufer vorzubereiten, und Waschen des Legierungskatalysator-Vorläufers, um das kationische Polymer zu entfernen.

Geformte Sulfonatgruppen-haltige Organopolysiloxane, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung

Three-way catalyst comprising extruded solid body.

A three way catalyst comprises an extruded solid body comprising: 10-100% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component; 5-90% by weight of a zeolitic molecular sieve, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and 0-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria, which catalyst comprising at least one precious metal and optionally at least one non-precious metal, wherein: (i) the at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body; (ii) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body and at least one precious metal is also carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body; or (iii) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body, is present in a higher concentration at a surface of the extruded solid body and at least one precious metal is also carried in one or more coating layer(s) on the surface of the extruded solid body.

Control of gas composition

Improvements in or relating to the production of 1,2-dichloroethane

... 1,2-Dichloroethane is prepared by subjecting ethane catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation in the vapour phase at elevated temperature to produce a reaction product containing ethylene and subsequently chlorinating the reaction product by contact with hydrogen chloride and molecular oxygen in the vapour phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of a copper containing catalyst. The catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation stage is preferably vanadium pentoxide or a vanadate of tin, cobalt, chromium, manganese, uranium, tungsten, lead, bismuth or zinc. The copper containing catalyst preferably comprises copper deposited on a support material and may also contain alkali or alkaline earth metals together with iron, rare earth, zirconium or thorium metals. The hydrogen chloride fed to the chlorination reaction may be diluted and/or partially replaced by chlorine and may be derived in part from waste hydrogen chloride produced in the pyrolysis of 1,2-di-chloroethane to vinyl chloride. An ...

METAL FLAKES

... 1,224,736. Making metal flakes. BRITISH PETROLEUM CO. Ltd. 24 Jan., 1969 [7 Feb., 1968], No. 6108/68. Heading B3A. [Also in Divisions C5 and E1] A metal powder having a bulk density of less than 1 g./c.c. and a surface area of at least 1 m2/g. is prepared by grinding a metal in an organic liquid in a vibration mill of amplitude at least 2 mm. and of frequency of vibration of at least 1000 c./min. in the presence of an organic grinding aid. Suitable metals are Al, Cu, transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cr and Mo and alloys of these metals. The organic grinding liquid may be a liquid distilling below 500‹ C having a viscosity below 600 centistokes at 100‹ F. and a surface tension below 72 dynes/cm. at 25‹ C. which includes n-heptane, iso-octance, toluene, hexadecane, cyclohexane, isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride. The organic grinding aid may be fatty acids and their esters e.g. palmitic, oleic, stearic acid and fatty alcohols and cetyl alcohol esters e.g. the vinyl esters ...

Preparation of hydrogenation catalysts by reduction

The hydrogenation of, e.g., a -methylstyrene to isopropyl benzene and nitrobenzene to aniline, is effected with a catalyst prepared by subjecting to reduction with hydrogen, a suspension of a reducible copper or nickel compound on kieselguhr, in a liquid organic polysiloxane, e.g. polydimethyl siloxane, or a solution of the polysiloxane in an organic solvent, e.g. 2-ethyl hexanol, 2-methyl-2 : 4-pentane diol or 2 : 2-dibutoxy-diethyl ether. The material to be hydrogenated may be present during the preparation of the catalyst, effective hydrogenation not taking place before substantial reduction of the catalyst has been effected.ALSO:A copper or nickel hydrogenation catalyst is prepared by subjecting to reduction with hydrogen, a suspension of a reducible copper or nickle compound on kieselguhr, e.g. copper or nickel oxide, hydroxide or carbonate on kieselguhr, in a liquid organic polysiloxane, e.g. polydimethyl siloxane, or a solution of the polysiloxane in an organic solvent, e.g. 2-ethyl ...

Extruded SCR filter

Exhaust system for a compression ignition engine having a capture face for volatilised platinum

Methanol synthesis process

Improvements in the Preparation of Catalysts for Hydrogenation Processes particularly for the Hydrogenation of Fatty Acids and their Esters.

... 23,873. Higgins, E. B. Oct. 21. Catalytic agents, preparation of; hydrogen ated fats, oils, and organic compounds, production of.-Catalysts suitable for use in the hydrogenation of unsaturated bodies, such as fatty acids or fats, are prepared by heating fattyacid salts of nickel, cobalt, iron. or copper until the mass blackens; the heating is preferably effected in vacuo or in an inert gas. According to an example, nickel formate is heated in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and the product is employed in the hydrogenation of cotton-seed oil.

Exhaust system for a vehicular positive ignition internal combustion engine

Exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine including SCR catalyst

Exhaust system without a DOC having an ASC acting as a DOC in a sysyem with an SCR catalyst before the ASC

Positive ignition engine comprising an exhaust system including a filter therefor

Filtering particulate matter from exhaust gas

A filter for filtering particulate matter (PM) from exhaust gas emitted from a positive ignition engine comprises a porous substrate 10 having inlet and outlet surfaces, wherein the inlet surfaces are separated from the outlet surfaces by a porous structure containing pores 12 of a first mean pore size. The porous structure is coated with a catalytic washcoat 14 comprising a plurality of solid particles, wherein the porous structure of the washcoated porous substrate contains pores 16 of a second mean pore size. The second mean pore size is less than the first mean pore size. The catalytic washcoat is a hydrocarbon trap comprising at least one molecular sieve which is un-metallised. Alternatively, the molecular sieve is catalysed with a platinum group metal. The washcoat may substantially cover surface pores of the porous structure or may sit substantially within the porous structure of the porous substrate. An exhaust system comprising the filter, a positive ignition engine comprising ...

Exhaust gas conversion catalyst and method of making and using the same

A catalyst consisting of 70-85% "Al2O3" and 15-30% CuO (the latter having been produced by oxidation of a cuprous salt in the presence of gaseous oxygen) finds use as an oxidizing assistant for exhaust gases. The catalyst may be made in the form of pellets by oxidizing Cu2Cl2 on Al2O3. "Al2O3" is defined as a -alumina monohydrate, g -alumina, alumina gel, various bauxites, MgO-Al2O3, or ZrO2-Al2O3. Specified cuprous salts are Cu2Br2, Cu2CO3, Cu2CN2, Cu3(FeCN)6, Cu2Fe(CN)6, Cu2F2, Cu2SO3, Cu2S, CnCNS. Examples are given.

Process for preparing continuous phase silica gel catalyst for preparation of alkynols

In the preparation of a catalyst useful for making alkynols from carbonyl compounds and acetylene hydrocarbons, a carrier consisting of continuous phase silica gel having a surface area of from 300-340 sq. m./gm. is impregnated with a HNO3 solution of Bi(NO3)35H2O containing from 2-9% of Bi, the carrier is heated to 95 DEG -150 DEG C. to remove HNO3 and then fired at 450 DEG -500 DEG C. for 2-3 hours before reimpregnating with a HNO3 solution of Cu(NO3)2, repeating the heating and firing stages as above followed by further firing at 500 DEG -700 DEG C. for 2-100 hours so as to yield a catalyst having an average copper content of from 10-20%, 16-25% of copper being found adjacent the catalyst surface. In a modification the carrier has a surface area up to 350 sq. m./gm., the further firing is effected at 500 DEG C. for 2 1/2 hours and at 600 DEG C. for a further 2 1/2 hours such that the catalyst has a uniform copper content of from 14-20% adjacent its surface. Specifications 807,581, 937,887 ...

Oxidation catalyst

An oxidation catalyst comprises an extruded solid body comprising: 10-100% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component; 5-90% by weight of a zeolitic molecular sieve, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and 0-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria, which catalyst comprising at least one precious metal and optionally at least one non-precious metal, wherein: (i) a majority of the at least one precious metal is located at a surface of the extruded solid body; (ii) the at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body; (iii) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body and is also present in a higher concentration at a surface of the extruded solid body; (iv) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body and is also carried in one or more coating layers on a surface of the extruded solid body; or (v) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded ...

Zoned catalyst for treating exhaust gas

Method for the simultaneous preparation of cyclopentene and camphor

A method for the simultaneous preparation of cyclopentene and camphor, comprises simultaneously dehydrogenating a borneol and hydrogenating cyclopentadiene at a temperature of from 180 to 270 DEG C in a reactor divided into two compartments by a hydrogen- permeable membrane made of an alloy consisting of 90 to 95% by weight of palladium and 10 to 5% by weight of nickel, rhodium or ruthenium, the dehydrogenation of borneol being effected in one compartment and the hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene being effected in the other by means of the hydrogen formed in the dehydrogenation and diffusing through the membrane.

Process for the selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbon mixtures

Hydrocarbon mixtures containing compounds having more than one olefinic bond and/or at least one acetylenic bond, but substantially free from acetylene, are selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one metal of Group Ib, i.e. copper, silver and gold, supported on an inert carrier. The process may be applied to hydrocarbon mixtures boiling below 216 DEG C., suitably those obtained by cracking processes, and these include full boiling range gasolines, narrow fractions thereof, and substantially pure butadiene and isoprene. The Group Ib metal may constitute 1-15% by weight of the total catalyst; silver and/or copper supported on silica gel is preferred. A preferred catalyst is made by impregnating the support with copper and/or silver complexed with a water-soluble nitrogen base, particularly ammonia or ethylene diamine, and calcining. Hydrogenation may be effected at 35-345 DEG C., at 1-50 atmospheres, and in the vapour, liquid or mixed phase ...

Ruthenium supported on supports having a rutile phase as stable catalysts for NH3-SLIP applications

An ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) comprising a first SCR catalyst, an oxidation catalyst comprising ruthenium or a ruthenium mixture on a support comprising a rutile phase, and a substrate. The ruthenium mixture may also comprise Pt. The catalyst may be a single layer comprising a mixture of the first SCR catalyst and the oxidation catalyst, or a single layer with the first SCR located upstream of the oxidation catalyst, or it may be a bi-layer catalyst with the first SCR as the top layer and the oxidation catalyst as the bottom layer. When the oxidation catalyst further comprises Pt, the Pt may be on the same support or a different support. The first SCR catalyst can be a blend with a Cu-SCR catalyst. Ruthenium can be present from 0.110 wt% relative to the weight of the ASC. The ASC may further comprise a second SCR catalyst, either in a layer over the bi-layer ASC, or upstream to the bi-layer ASC catalyst. The ASC may further comprise a third SCR catalyst which may be an under layer located ...

Selective catalytic reduction catalyst composition

A selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR) composition comprises a SCR catalyst; and a binder comprising a porous inorganic material which comprises a disordered arrangement of delaminated layers, has a disordered porous structure, and a multimodal pore size distribution comprising at least a first modal maximum having a macroporous or mesoporous pore size and a second modal maximum having a microporous pore size. The catalyst may be an Fe or Cu SCR, and the porous inorganic material may be a clay such as a three layered (2:1) clay mineral, e.g. bentonite. The catalyst composition is manufactured using a method comprising the steps of: (I) providing an inorganic material having a layered structure; (ii) contacting the material with a cationic surfactant to form a swollen material; (iii) agitating the swollen material to form an agitated material; and (iv) calcining the agitated material to recover a delaminated inorganic material, wherein an SCR catalyst is mixed with the inorganic ...

ASC/DEC with rear-concentrated exotherm generation

A catalyst article includes a substrate with an inlet side and an outlet side, a first zone and a second zone. The first zone includes an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) comprising a platinum group metal on a support and a first SCR catalyst. The second zone includes a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel exotherm catalyst (DEC). The first zone is located upstream of the second zone. The first zone may include a bottom layer with a blend of: the platinum group metal on a support and the first SCR catalyst; and a top layer comprising a second SCR catalyst, the top layer located over the bottom layer. Methods of reducing emissions from an exhaust stream including contacting the exhaust stream with the catalyst article are also disclosed. Catalyst articles of the present invention may provide higher catalytic activity and selectivity also hydrocarbon (HC) oxidation and exotherm generation may be concentrated in the DOC (second/rear) zone ...

Catalytic article for treating exhaust gas

Catalytic materials for passive soot oxidation and methods of their manufacture

A catalytic material comprising ceria-metal oxide-alumina in a molar ratio of Ce:M:Al ions of from 75:25:100 to 25:75:100, wherein M represents zirconium or a zirconium at least partially substituted by a light lanthanide selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium. M may be neodymium and the catholic material may be heat-treated to more than 500°C and less than 1100°C. The catalytic material may be impregnated with 0.1-7.5% of copper by weight of the catalytic material. The catholic material may be a composite metal oxide having more than one phase, preferably a carbonate phase. The catalytic material may be formed into a catalytic composite and used as part of an exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine. The catalytic material may be manufactured by co-precipitation using potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate as the precipitating agent. The precipitate may be washed to remove potassium or cesium ions.

Transition metal doped alumina for improved TWC performance

A three-way-catalyst (TWC) composition comprises alumina doped with a transition metal. The transition metal may comprise titanium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, nickel or combinations thereof and may be present in an amount 2-8 w% relative to the total weight of the doped alumina. The TWC may include a platinum group metal component. The platinum group metal component may be platinum, palladium or rhodium. The alumina may be lanthanum stabilized alumina. The TWC may further comprise an oxygen storage component (OSC). The OSC may comprise cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, a ceria-zirconia mixed oxide, an alumina-ceria-zirconia mixed oxide or combinations thereof. A catalyst article comprising: a substrate; and a three-way-catalyst (TWC) comprising alumina doped with a transition metal is also disclosed. The catalyst article may comprise a first layer comprising alumina doped with a transition metal and a second layer arranged such that the exhaust gas will contact the second layer before ...

Selective hydrogenation catalysts and method of hydrogenation

A selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises metallic copper activated by at least one of the metals Fe, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt finely dispersed on a high surface area activated alumina and is prepared preferably by incorporating a cupric salt and a salt of at least one of the activating metals into an activated gamma- or kappa-alumina carrier by immersing the latter in a solution of the salts, converting the salts to their oxides and reducing to the metal. It is preferred to use copper of 99,9-99,999% purity.ALSO:Processes for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenes in the presence of di- and monoolefines, of acetylenes and diolefines in the presence of monoolefines, and of diolefines in presence of monoolefines, at elevated temperatures with hydrogen, are effected by use of a catalyst comprising metallic copper activated by at least one of Fe, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, finely dispersed on a high surface area activated alumina. Suitable feedstocks are 1:3-butadiene containing acetylenic ...

PREPARATION AND AMINATION OF IODOANILINE

... 1411368 Phenylenediamine E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 25 July 1974 [26 July 1973] 32876/74 Heading C2C The invention comprises a process for producing a phenylenediamine by reacting an iodoaniline with ammonia at 0-220‹ C. in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper or a copper (I) salt. The iodoaniline may be obtained by electrolysing aniline with aqueous sodium iodide in an electrolytic cell having a cationic membrane to form an anolyte containing iodoaniline, and the organic portion of the anolyte reacted with ammonia in the presence of a Cu(I) salt to form a liquid containing phenylene diamine, ammonium iodide and a 1 : 1 copper (I) iodide p-phenylenediamine complex. This liquid may be reacted with NaOH and p-phenylene diamine recovered. The invention further comprises the 1 : 1 copper(I) iodide p-phenylene-diamine complex.

Ammonia slip catalyst

Improvements in exhaust heated vaporisers for internal combustion engines

In an exhaust heated vaporizer for use with an internal - combustion engine liquid fuel is acted upon by a catalyst which consists of iron or copper coated with a metal which is little affected by sulphur or the oxide of which is reduced or volatilized with difficulty, the coating being obtained electrolytically or by projection, when hot, in a reducing or neutral atmosphere. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) also describes the use as a catalyst of an alloy of copper or iron with one of the above metals. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.

Improvements in catalysts and processes of making same

... 303,347. Mayor, J. P. P., (Assignee of Soc. Alsacienne de Produits Chimiques). Dec. 31, 1927, [Convention date]. Catalytic materials; dehydrogenating organic compounds. - Stabilized partially dehydrated cupric hydroxides are prepared 'by precipitating cupric hydroxide or carbonate from a solution of copper salt, heating the precipitate in the mother liquor until the desired degree of dehydration is effected, adding a stabilizing agent to prevent further dehydration, and filtering, washing and drying the precipitate in vacuo. Suitable stabilizing agents are alkaline earth bases, alkali salts such as sodium sulphate or sugar. In examples, copper sulphate and sodium carbonate solutions are mixed, the liquid is maintained at 90‹ C. until the dark brown CuO.H2O is obtained, baryta is added, and the precipitate is filtered, washed and dried in vacuo; 6CuO.H2O prepared as above is filtered, washed with sodium sulphate solution and dried in vacuo; copper chloride solution is added to a suspension ...

Process for producing synthesis gas

Hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing gases are made by reacting a hydrocarbon, e.g. methane, with steam at elevated pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alloy containing at least 90% b.w. nickel and 0.1 to 6% b.w. (based on the nickel content) of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminium, thorium, titanium or mixtures thereof. An oxidizing coating is produced on the catalyst (in use, or otherwise) which is not reducible under the conditions of the gasmaking process. The catalyst may be alloy throughout, or may be plated on a metal substrate. Apart from the metals mentioned, the catalyst may include Co, Cu, Mn, Fe, Si, C and S.ALSO:An alloy for use as a catalyst in making synthesis gas comprises at least 90% by weight Ni and 0.1 to 6% by weight, based on the Ni content, of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, Th, Al or Ti, or mixtures thereof. The following alloys are specified, all percentages by weight:- 1) Ni 97 min., Cu 0.25 max., Mn 0.5 max ...

Ammonia slip catalyst

A catalyst article for treating an exhaust gas comprising: a substrate; a first oxidation catalyst layer disposed on and/or within the substrate; a second catalyst layer, which selectively reduces NOx and/or stores NH3, coated or disposed over the first catalyst layer; and a third catalyst layer, which comprises a second oxidation catalyst consisting of supported palladium, coated or disposed upstream of the first and second catalyst layers, and wherein the first and second oxidation catalysts are different formulations. The third layer can be essentially free of ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, alkali and alkaline earth metals, and transition metals, except transition metals in the form of a metal oxide particle support for the Pd and the second layer can be essentially free of Ag, Au, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir and Os. The first oxidation catalyst is preferably a supported noble metal and can be Pt or a Pt and Pd mixture supported on metal oxide particles. The ...

Method of preparing an iron catalyst in synthesizing gasoline

... 529,390. Catalyts. KITA, G. I. May 16, 1939. No. 14606. [Class 1 (i)] A catalyst for gasoline synthesis consists mainly of hydroxides and/or carbonates of iron and copper precipitated on diatomaceous earth, and containing also small amounts of alkali and boric acid. Small quantities of manganese compounds or alumina may be added as activators.

Process for the production of carbinols

Carbinols with chains of six or more carbon atoms are produced by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding fatty acids or their esters, especially the glycerides, or anhydrides, using colloidal copper as catalyst, at elevated temperature and at a pressure of at least 2 atmospheres in the presence of a protective colloid naturally occurring in fatty acids or esters, or a protective colloid comprising a synthetic polymerization and/or condensation resin which is of high molecular weight and soluble in fatty acids, or an ester or anhydride of such an acid. The colloidal copper is produced by dissolving copper or its compounds, such as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or organic salts, in the hot fatty acid to be hydrogenated and heating the solution in the presence of hydrogen. Suitable protective colloids naturally occurring in naturally occurring oils, fats and fatty acids are stearins, phosphatides, albumens and mucins. Suitable polymerization resins are polymers and copolymers of styrenes ...

Catalytic article for treating exhaust gas

Catalyst

Production of alkynols and alkynediols

Alkynols (including alkyndiols) are made by reacting aldehydes or ketones with acetylene (see Group IV (b)) in the presence of a catalyst made by depositing copper oxide on a siliceous carrier which is then heated to a temperature of 400 DEG to 800 DEG C., by which a surface layer of copper silicate is formed. Preferably a little bismuth oxide is present with the copper oxide. The metal silicate prevents the formation of cuprene. Kaolin, silica gel, or fuller's earth may be used as the carrier, but preferably kaolin is mixed with an organic binder, formed into shapes and roasted at 800 DEG to 850 DEG C. to burn out the binder, and finally heated at 1000 DEG to 1200 DEG C. to impart a mullite-like structure. Binders specified are, polyacrylic acid, alginic or pectic acid, polyvinyl methyl ether or methyl cellulose. In examples, the calcined carrier is impregnated with a solution containing copper nitrate or nitrite, bismuth nitrate and dilute nitric acid. The pulp is extruded, and the shaped ...

CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE

Nanoparticular metal oxide/anatase catalysts

The present invention concerns a method of preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts having a narrow particle size distribution. In particular, the invention concerns preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalyst precursors comprising combustible crystallization seeds upon which the catalyst metai oxide is co-precipitated with the carrier metal oxide, which crystallization seeds are removed by combustion in a final calcining step. The present invention also concerns processes wherein the nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts of the invention are used, such as SCR (deNOx) reactions of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or urea as reductant, oxidations of alcohols or aldehydes with dioxygen or air to provide aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids, and photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Integrated Process for the Production of Vinyl Acetate from Acetic Acid Via Ethylene

This invention provides an integrated two stage economical process for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) from acetic acid in the vapor phase. First, acetic acid is selectively hydrogenated over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethylene either in a single reactor zone or in a dual rector zone wherein the intermediate hydrogenated products are either dehydrated and/or cracked to form ethylene. In a subsequent second stage so formed ethylene is reacted with molecular oxygen and acetic acid over a suitable catalyst to form VAM. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over a hydrogenation catalyst and subsequent reaction over a dehydration catalyst selectively produces ethylene, which is further mixed with acetic acid and molecular oxygen and reacted over a supported palladium/gold/potassium catalyst.

Click chemistry on heterogeneous catalysts

The present invention relates to new methods and reagents for coupling molecules by a Click reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst system. Further, the present invention refers to novel devices for carrying out Click reactions

Oxidation catalyst

An oxidation catalyst comprises an extruded solid body comprising: 10-95% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component; 5-90% by weight of a zeolitic molecular sieve, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and 0-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria, which catalyst comprising at least one precious metal and optionally at least one non-precious metal, wherein: (i) a majority of the at least one precious metal is located at a surface of the extruded solid body; (ii) the at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface; (iii) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body and in a higher concentration at a surface; (iv) at least one metal is present throughout the extruded solid body and in a coating layer(s) on a surface; or (v) a combination of (ii) and (iii).

Process for producing hydrogenolysis products of polyhydric alcohols

The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrogenolysis products of polyhydric alcohols with a good selectivity and a high yield, as well as hydrogenolysis catalysts used in the production process. The present invention provides (1) a process for producing a hydrogenolysis product of a polyhydric alcohol which includes the step of reacting the polyhydric alcohol with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing a copper component, wherein the catalyst is a catalyst (A) containing the copper component, an iron component and an aluminum component, or a catalyst (B) containing the copper component and a silicon component; and (2) a hydrogenolysis catalyst for polyhydric alcohols which includes a copper component, an iron component and an aluminum component, and (3) a hydrogenolysis catalyst for polyhydric alcohols which includes a copper component and a silicon component.

Method of manufacturing porous metal oxide

Provided is a method of manufacturing porous metal oxide, the method including: preparing a metal-organic framework (MOF) wherein an ion of a metal to be used as a catalyst is linked to an organic ligand; impregnating the MOF with a precursor solution of metal oxide to be manufactured; and thermally treating the metal oxide precursor solution-impregnated MOF to remove the organic ligand. The inventive method of manufacturing porous metal oxide involves the impregnation of a metal oxide precursor solution in a MOF wherein metal ions are uniformly linked to organic ligands and the thermal treatment (calcination) of the metal oxide precursor solution-impregnated MOF to remove the organic ligands.

Fibrous Composite Catalytic Structure Having at Least Three Solid Phases

Permeable composite fibrous catalytic sheets comprised of at least three distinct solid phases. A first solid phase is a 3-dimensional porous network of a non-conductive porous ceramic material. A second solid phase is an electrically conductive phase comprised of randomly oriented electrically conductive fibers. A third phase is comprised of catalytic particles dispersed on said 3-dimensional porous network, said conductive fibers, or both. A fourth phase can be present, which fourth phase is comprised one or more conductive species or one or more non conductive species embedded in said first solid phase. 1. A substantially rigid permeable composite catalytic sheet-like structure comprised of at least three distinct solid phases wherein: i) a first solid phase is comprised of a 3-dimentional substantially continuous network of a non-conductive porous ceramic material; ii) a second solid phase is comprised of a plurality of electrically conductive fibers integrated throughout the 3-dimensional substantially continuous network of non-conductive porous ceramic material; iii) a third solid phase comprised of an effective amount of catalyst particles dispersed throughout the non-conductive porous ceramic material , the plurality of electrically conductive fibers , or both.2. The catalytic sheet of wherein there is a fourth solid phase comprised of a plurality of one or more conductive or non-conductive materials embedded within said first solid phase.3. The catalytic sheet of wherein the conductive fibers are selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers claim 1 , graphitic fibers claim 1 , and polymer fibers enhanced with graphene claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , carbon and graphitic nanotube claim 1 , carbon and graphitic nanofibers.4. The catalytic sheet of wherein the conductive fibers are graphitic fibers.5. The catalytic sheet of wherein the conductive fibers are graphitic fibers.6. The catalytic sheet of wherein the ceramic material of the first solid phase is ...

Small pore molecular sieve supported copper catalysts durable against lean/rich aging for the reduction of nitrogen oxides

A method of using a catalyst comprises exposing a catalyst to at least one reactant in a chemical process. The catalyst comprises copper and a small pore molecular sieve having a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms. The chemical process undergoes at least one period of exposure to a reducing atmosphere. The catalyst has an initial activity and the catalyst has a final activity after the at least one period of exposure to the reducing atmosphere. The final activity is within 30% of the initial activity at a temperature between 200 and 500° C.

Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.

Copper hydrogenation catalyst, especially for converting oxalate to ethylene glycol, method of preparing the catalyst and applications thereof

A copper catalyst for producing ethylene glycol by hydrogenation of an oxalate. The catalyst includes a carrier, an additive, and an active component. The carrier is ceramic or metallic honeycomb. The additive is Al, Si, Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr, Fe, Zn, Mn, V, La, Ce, an oxide thereof, or a mixture thereof. The active component is copper, and the active component and the additive are coated on the carrier to form a coating layer. The additive accounts for 5-90 wt. % of the carrier, the active component accounts for 1-40 wt. % of the carrier, and the copper accounts for 5-50 wt. % of the coating layer.

Photoactive Material Comprising Nanoparticles of at Least Two Photoactive Constituents

A photoactive material including nanoparticles of photoactive first and second constituents. The first and second constituents have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum. The first and second constituents are provided in an alternating layered arrangement of respective first and second layers or are mixed together in a single layer. The nanoparticles have diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light. The charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material. The photoactive material may enable redox reactions of carbon dioxide with at least one of hydrogen and water to produce a fuel. 1. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive constituent; andnanoparticles of at least one second photoactive constituent;the at least one first and second constituents each being selected to have respective conduction band energies, valence band energies and electronic band gap energies, to enable photon-driven generation and separation of charge carriers in each of the at least one first and second constituents by absorption of light in the solar spectrum;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents being mixed together to form a layer;the nanoparticles of each of the at least one first and second constituents having diameters smaller than wavelengths of light in the solar spectrum, to provide optical transparency for absorption of light; andwherein the charge carriers, upon photoactivation, are able to participate in redox reactions occurring in the photoactive material.2. A photoactive material comprising:nanoparticles of at least one first photoactive ...

Dehydrogenation of alkanols to increase yield of aromatics

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.

TITANIUM OXIDE PHOTOCATALYST HAVING COPPER COMPOUNDS SUPPORTED THEREON, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst which is excellent in a photocatalytic activity and a viral inactivation property and a production process for the same can be provided by a copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst comprising titanium oxide in which a content of rutile type titanium oxide is 50% by mole or more and a monovalent copper compound and a divalent copper compound which are carried on a surface of the titanium oxide described above and a production process for a copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst, comprising a step of carrying a monovalent copper compound and a divalent copper compound on a surface of titanium oxide in which a content of rutile type titanium oxide is 50% by mole or more. 1. A copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst comprising titanium oxide in which a content of rutile type titanium oxide is 50% by mole or more and a monovalent copper compound and a divalent copper compound which are carried on a surface of the titanium oxide described above.2. The copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein an abundance ratio of monovalent copper to a sum of monovalent copper and divalent copper is 20 to 70% by mole.3. The copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the monovalent copper compound contains copper (I) oxide.4. The copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the divalent copper compound contains copper (II) hydroxide.5. The copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide described above is obtained by a vapor phase method.6. A production process for a copper compound-carried titanium oxide photocatalyst claim 1 , comprising a step of carrying a monovalent copper compound and a divalent copper compound on a surface of titanium oxide in which a content of rutile type titanium oxide is 50% by mole or more.7. ...

Nanocrystalline Copper Oxide and Method for the Production thereof

A nanocrystalline supported or unsupported copper oxide with a residual carbon content of <10% and a BET surface area >95 m/g. Further, a method for the production of a supported, or unsupported nanocrystalline copper oxide is disclosed, as well as the use thereof in catalysis, in particular in the steam reforming of methanol or in the hydrogenation of esters. 17-. (canceled)8. Method for the production of nanocrystalline copper oxide with a BET surface area >95 m/g comprising the steps ofa) the introduction of a copper starting compound into a reaction chamber by means of a :carrier fluid, and wherein the copper starting compound is introduced into the reaction chamber in the form of a solution, slurry, suspension or in solid aggregate state,b) a thermal treatment of the copper starting compound in a treatment zone of the reaction chamber by means of a pulsating flow at a temperature of from 200 to 500° C.,c) the formation of nanocrystalline copper oxide material,d) the discharge of the nanocrystalline copper oxide material obtained in steps b) and c) from the reactor wherein the nanocrystalline copper oxide has a primary particle size of from 4 nm to 20 nm for primary crystallites and a secondary particle size of from 20 nm to 100 nm for secondary crystallites.9. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the copper starting compound is used as suspension with an average particle sire of <10 μm.10. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the particle size is obtained by grinding the copper starting compound before the production of the suspension.11. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the copper starting compound is used as solution.12. Method according to claim 8 , wherein claim 8 , as copper starting compound claim 8 , a compound selected from the group consisting of a copper salt of an organic acid claim 8 , a hydroxide claim 8 , a nitrate claim 8 , a carbonate claim 8 , a hydroxocarbonate or mixtures thereof is used.13. Method according to claim 12 , wherein claim ...

Process for producing olefin oxide

A process for producing an olefin oxide which comprises reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper oxide and a tellurium oxide.

Method for producing tertiary amine

The present invention discloses the method for producing a tertiary amine, using the column reactor packed with catalyst layers, containing supplying a liquid and a gaseous raw materials from the bottom of the column, reacting these raw materials in the column, and discharging the product from the top of the column, wherein the column reactor includes two or more honeycomb catalyst layers as the catalyst layers, one or more spaces between each honeycomb catalyst layer, and one or more rectifying sections that prevents a partial or whole back flow of the raw materials, arranged in each space without contacting with the honeycomb catalyst layer.

Catalyst For Tetrahydrofuran Synthesis

Provided are catalysts suitable for the production of tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol. Also provided are methods of use of these catalyst, as well as catalyst systems. The catalysts described herein contain only Lewis acidity, but not Brønsted acidity, which results in decreased production of ether byproducts.

Catalytic process for converting carbon dioxide to a liquid fuel or platform chemical

A process for converting carbon dioxide to liquid fuels for a liquid fuel composition and/or a platform chemical composition. In this conversion process carbon dioxide is adsorbed to a catalyst composition, and reacted with hydrogen to form oxygenated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen for use in the process can be generated in situ or ex situ. The process can be carried out in a fully carbon neutral manner.

METHODS FOR PREPARING AND USING METAL AND/OR METAL OXIDE POROUS MATERIALS

Disclosed are methods for producing carbon, metal and/or metal oxide porous materials that have precisely controlled structures on the nanometer and micrometer scales. The methods involve the single or repeated infiltration of porous templates with metal salts at controlled temperatures, the controlled drying and decomposition of the metal salts under reducing conditions, and optionally the removal of the template. The carbon porous materials are involve the infiltration of a carbon precursor into a porous template, followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. These porous materials have utility in separations, catalysis, among others. 1. A bicontinuous porous body , comprising: a plurality of macropores defined by a wall , the macropores having a diameter of from greater than about 0.1 μm , wherein the macropores interconnect , forming a continuous network of pores that spans the body , permitting the flow of liquid or gas into and through the body , and wherein the wall of the macropores comprise a continuous layer of metal and/or metal oxide.2. The body of claim 1 , wherein the macropores have a diameter of from about 0.5 μm to about 30 μm.3. The body of claim 1 , wherein the walls of the macropores are not porous.4. The body of claim 1 , wherein the walls of the macropores have a plurality of mesopores having a diameter of from about 2 nm to about 50 nm thereby resulting in a bicontinuous porous material with hierarchical pores.5. The body of claim 1 , wherein the walls of the macropores have a plurality of micropores having a diameter of from less than about 2 nm thereby resulting in a bicontinuous porous material with hierarchical pores.6. The body of claim 1 , wherein the body is a hollow body.7. The body of claim 1 , wherein the body comprises one or more metals claim 1 , metal oxides claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , wherein the metals are selected from the group consisting of Li claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Na claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Al claim 1 , K claim ...

CATALYSTS

A process for preparing a catalyst precursor includes forming a slurry of particles of an insoluble metal compound, where the metal of the insoluble metal compound is an active catalyst component, with particles and/or one or more bodies of a pre-shaped catalyst support in a carrier liquid. The particles of the insoluble metal compound are thus contacted with the particles and/or the one or more bodies of the pre-shaped catalyst support. A treated catalyst support is thereby produced. Carrier liquid is removed from the slurry to obtain a dried treated catalyst support, which either directly constitutes the catalyst precursor, or is optionally calcined to obtain the catalyst precursor. 1. A process for preparing a catalyst precursor , which process includesforming a slurry of particles of an insoluble inorganic metal salt, particles and/or one or more bodies of a pre-shaped catalyst support in a carrier liquid, and a soluble metal salt dissolved in the carrier liquid, wherein the metals of the insoluble inorganic metal salt and the soluble metal salt are the same, and where the said metal is an active catalyst component, with the particles of the insoluble inorganic metal salt thus being contacted with the particles and/or the one or more bodies of the pre-shaped catalyst support and with the pre-shaped catalyst support thus being contacted at least once with the soluble metal salt, thereby to produce a treated catalyst support; andremoving carrier liquid from the slurry to obtain a dried treated catalyst support, which either directly constitutes the catalyst precursor, or is optionally calcined to obtain the catalyst precursor.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the particles of the insoluble inorganic metal salt with the particles and/or the one or more bodies of the pre-shaped catalyst support is carried out for at least one minute.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-shaped catalyst support is porous claim 1 , and is ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING SHAPED CATALYST BODIES AND SHAPED CATALYST BODIES HAVING INCREASED MECHANICAL STRENGTH

The present invention provides a process for treating shaped catalyst bodies which has the following steps: 116-. (canceled)17. A process for treating shaped catalyst bodies , which comprises the process steps:a) providing finished shaped catalyst bodies,b) impregnating the finished shaped catalyst bodies with a peptizing auxiliary in an amount of liquid which does not exceed the theoretical water absorption of the shaped catalyst bodies,c) thermal treating the impregnated shaped catalyst bodies at from 50° C. to 250° C. andd) calcinating the thermally treated shaped catalyst bodies at from 250° C. to 600° C.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein an ammonia solution or a nitric acid solution is used as peptizing auxiliary.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein an aqueous ammonia solution or an aqueous nitric acid solution is used as peptizing auxiliary.20. The process according to claim 17 , which claim 17 , after process step b) claim 17 , further comprises the process stepbb) allowing the peptizing auxiliary to act for up to 10 hours.21. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the thermal treatment in process step c) is carried out under atmospheric pressure or under reduced pressure or in a static or agitated bed of the shaped catalyst bodies.22. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the reduced pressure is from 0.1 to 0.9 bar.23. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the calcination in process step d) is carried out in a static or agitated bed of the shaped catalyst bodies.24. The process according to claim 17 , wherein extrudates or pellets or granules are used as shaped catalyst bodies.25. The process according to claim 17 , wherein heterogeneous catalysts are used as catalyst for the shaped catalyst bodies.26. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the catalyst is zeolite claim 17 , NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO claim 17 , TiO claim 17 , CuO/AlOor CoO/SiO.27. The process according to claim 26 , wherein the zeolite is a boron-beta- ...

Method for Transforming Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

The invention relates to a method for the selective catalytic transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The transformation relates to the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides, or the selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of nitrogen hydrides and nitrogen-containing organic compounds, preferably in waste gas flows of combustion processes with motors and without motors and industrial applications. The catalytic converter comprises a titano-(silico)-alumo-phosphate.

Catalyst for hydrogenation reaction and method for producing same

The present invention can facilitate the reduction of nickel by using copper as an accelerator when a hydrogenation catalyst including nickel is produced by using a deposition-precipitation (DP) method. According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a catalyst for a hydrogenation reaction that includes 40-80 parts by weight of nickel as a catalyst active component, 0.01-5 parts by weight of copper as an accelerator, and 10-30 parts by weight of a silica support based on 100 parts by weight of the entire catalyst. Therefore, although a high content of nickel is supported, the catalyst has a small crystal size of an activated metal and a high degree of dispersion and provides excellent hydrogenation activity. In addition, silica with a controlled particle size distribution is used as a support, so that the produced catalyst also has a uniform particle size distribution and is suppressed from being smashed at a high-speed rotation in the hydrogenation reaction, thereby providing a high filtration rate.

Metal Oxide Mesocrystal, and Method for Producing Same

Various metal oxide mesocrystals can be synthesized in a simple manner by a method for producing a metal oxide mesocrystal, the method comprising the step of annealing an aqueous precursor solution comprising one or more metal oxide precursors, an ammonium salt, a surfactant, and water at 300 to 600° C. Composite mesocrystals consisting of a plurality of metal oxides or an alloy oxide can also be provided. 1. A method for producing a metal oxide mesocrystal , the method comprising the step of maintaining an aqueous precursor solution comprising one or more metal oxide precursors , an ammonium salt , a surfactant , and water at 300 to 600° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal oxide precursors are a metal nitrate and/or a metal fluoride salt.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ammonium salt is NHNO.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants claim 1 , cationic surfactants claim 1 , amphoteric surfactants claim 1 , and nonionic surfactants.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the aqueous precursor solution claim 1 , the ratio of metal oxide precursor to surfactant is 1 to 1000:1 (molar ratio) claim 1 , and the ratio of ammonium salt to surfactant is 1 to 1000:1 (molar ratio).6. (canceled)7. A mesocrystal consisting of at least one member selected from the group consisting of claim 1 , nickel oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , cobalt oxide claim 1 , zirconium oxide claim 1 , and cerium oxide claim 1 , the mesocrystal having a specific surface area of 0.5 m/g or more and an average width of 0.01 to 1000 μm.8. (canceled)9. A mesocrystal consisting of nanoparticles of two or more metal oxides.10. The mesocrystal according to claim 9 , which has a specific surface area of 0.5 m/g or more.11. (canceled)12. The mesocrystal according to claim 9 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of two or more ...

Egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticle-metal oxide support, preparation method thereof, and use thereof

The present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, providing an excellent platform in a size of nanometers or micrometers which can support nanoparticles selectively in the porous shell portion by employing a metal oxide support with an average diameter of nanometers or micrometers including a core of nonporous metal oxide and a shell of porous metal oxides, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof.

CLUSTER SUPPORTED CATALYST AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

A method for producing a cluster-supporting catalyst, the cluster-supporting catalyst including porous carrier particles that has acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles, includes the following steps: providing a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the porous carrier particles dispersed in the dispersion medium; and in the dispersion liquid, forming catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, and supporting the catalyst metal clusters on the acid sites within the pores of the porous carrier particles through an electrostatic interaction. 1. A method for producing a cluster-supporting catalyst ,wherein the cluster-supporting catalyst comprises porous carrier particles having acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles; andwherein the method comprises the followings steps:providing a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the porous carrier particles dispersed in the dispersion medium, andforming, in the dispersion liquid, catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, and supporting the catalyst metal clusters on the acid sites within the pores of the porous carrier particles through an electrostatic interaction.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersion liquid is provided by pulverizing the porous carrier particles claim 1 , and dispersing the pulverized porous carrier particles in the dispersion medium.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clusters are formed in the dispersion liquid by any of the following methods:a method of laser ablation in liquid,a method of microwave ablation in liquid,a method of plasma ablation in liquid, anda positive-negative inversion method.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the clusters are formed in the dispersion liquid by a method of reduction in liquid.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the dispersion liquid is irradiated with plasma ...

Method for the production of new nanomaterials

A method for producing new nanomaterials, 80 to 100 mol % of which are composed of TiO2 and 0 to 20 mol % are composed of another metal or semi-metal oxide that has a specific surface of 100 to 300 m2.g−1and 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups per nm2.

Method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid

A method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid includes pouring sulfuric acid (HSO) having 0.1% to 10% of hydrogen peroxide (HO) into a vessel; adding a catalyst containing metal or metal compound to the vessel to undergo a reaction with the sulfuric acid (HSO) to remove hydrogen peroxide (HO) from the sulfuric acid (HSO), to generate heat, and to generate metal ions in the sulfuric acid (HSO); activating a cooling device to cool the vessel to a predetermined temperature range; adding sulfur (S) to the vessel to undergo a reaction with the metal ions to generate metallic sulfide; and purifying the metal free sulfuric acid (HSO) to obtain the metallic sulfide and highly purified, diluted sulfuric acid (HSO) as products. 1. A method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2, '(i) pouring sulfuric acid (HSO) having 0.1% to 10% of hydrogen peroxide (HO) into a vessel;'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2', '2', '4', '2', '4, '(ii) adding a catalyst containing metal or metal compound to the vessel to undergo a reaction with the sulfuric acid (HSO) to remove hydrogen peroxide (HO) from the sulfuric acid (HSO), to generate heat, and to generate metal ions in the sulfuric acid (HSO);'}(iii) activating a cooling device to cool the vessel to a predetermined temperature range;{'sup': '2−', '(iv) adding sulfur (S) to the vessel to undergo a reaction with the metal ions to generate metallic sulfide; and'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4, '(v) purifying the metal free sulfuric acid (HSO) to obtain the metallic sulfide and highly purified, diluted sulfuric acid (HSO) as products.'}2. The method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid of claim 1 , wherein in step (ii) the catalyst is copper (Cu).3. The method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid of claim 1 , wherein in step (ii) the catalyst is copper compound.4. The method of removing hydrogen peroxide from sulfuric acid of claim 1 , wherein in step (ii) the ...

Hydrogenation reaction catalyst and preparation method therefor

Provided are a hydrogenation reaction catalyst and a preparation method therefor, and more particularly, to a hydrogenation reaction catalyst including sulfur as a promoter, thereby selectively hydrogenating an olefin by changing a relative hydrogenation rate of the olefin and an aromatic group during a hydrogenation reaction of an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound containing an aromatic group, and a preparation method therefor.

Optimization of Washcoat Adhesion of Zero-PGM Catalyst on Metallic Substrates

Solutions to the problem of washcoat and/or overcoat adhesion loss of ZPGM catalyst on metallic substrates are disclosed. Present disclosure provides a novel process for improving WCA to metallic substrates of ZPGM catalyst systems. Reduction of WCA loss and improved catalyst activity may be enabled by the selection of processing parameters determined from variations of pH and addition of binder to overcoat slurry, and particle size of washcoat. Processing parameters may be applied to a plurality of metallic substrates of different geometries and cell densities. 1. A method for improving adhesion of a chemical composition , the method comprising:providing at least one substrate;adjusting a pH of at least one chemical slurry suitable for deposition on the substrate and comprising at least one ZPGM catalyst;adjusting a particle size of the at least one chemical slurry; anddepositing the at least one chemical slurry on the substrate.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises about 300 to about 400 cells per square inch.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is metallic.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the chemical slurry is about 4.0 to about 6.8.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the chemical slurry is about 5.0 to about 6.0.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the slurry about 6.0 to about 7.0 μm.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of the slurry has a particle size selected from the group consisting of 4.5 μm claim 1 , 5.6 μm claim 1 , and 7.0 μm.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical slurry further comprises at least one support oxide and at least one oxygen storage material.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical slurry further comprises one selected from the group consisting of copper oxide claim 1 , cerium oxide claim 1 , and a combination thereof.10. The method according to ...

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION CATALYST COMPOSITION

A SCR catalyst composition comprises a SCR catalyst; and a binder comprising a porous inorganic material, wherein the porous inorganic material comprises a disordered arrangement of delaminated layers, has a disordered porous structure, and has a multimodal pore size distribution comprising at least a first modal maximum having a macroporous or mesoporous pore size and a second modal maximum having a microporous pore size. The SCR catalyst composition can be manufactured using the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an inorganic material having a layered structure; (ii) contacting the material with a cationic surfactant to form a swollen material; (iii) agitating the swollen material to form an agitated material; and (iv) calcining the agitated material to recover a delaminated inorganic material, wherein an SCR catalyst is mixed with the inorganic material prior to step (iv). 1. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst composition comprising:a SCR catalyst; anda binder comprising a porous inorganic material,wherein the porous inorganic material comprises a disordered arrangement of delaminated layers, has a disordered porous structure, and has a multimodal pore size distribution comprising at least a first modal maximum having a macroporous or mesoporous pore size and a second modal maximum having a microporous pore size.2. The SCR catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the multimodal pore size distribution is bimodal.3. The SCR catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the porous inorganic material obtained using Cu Kα radiation is devoid of peaks at 2θ values of 10° or less.4. The SCR catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the first modal maximum has a mesoporous and/or macroporous pore size.5. The SCR catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the delaminated layers are delaminated silicate layers.6. The SCR catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the porous inorganic material comprises one or more of: a clay ...

CRYSTAL-ORIENTATION CONTROLLED COMPLEX

A crystal-orientation controlled complex comprising a connected assembly having a thin film shape, in which a plurality of crystal pieces are connected with each other, the crystal pieces having a flake shape and having a main surface and an end surface, wherein the main surface has a crystal orientation relative to a specific crystal plane, and the thin film shaped connected assembly has a polarization singularity. 1. A crystal-orientation controlled complex comprising:a connected assembly having a thin film shape, in which a plurality of crystal pieces are connected with each other, the crystal pieces having a flake shape and having a main surface and an end surface, whereinthe main surface has a crystal orientation relative to a specific crystal plane, andthe thin film shaped connected assembly has a polarization singularity.2. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 1 , wherein the crystal piece is a nanocrystal piece.3. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 1 , wherein the crystal plane is an alternately stacked plane of atoms and a close-packed plane of atoms.4. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 2 , wherein the crystal plane is an alternately stacked plane of atoms and a close-packed plane of atoms.5. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 1 , wherein the main surface forms a surface of the connected assembly.6. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 2 , wherein the main surface forms a surface of the connected assembly.7. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 3 , wherein the main surface forms a surface of the connected assembly.8. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 4 , wherein the main surface forms a surface of the connected assembly.9. The crystal-orientation controlled complex according to claim 1 , wherein the main surface has higher catalytic activity than the end surface.10. The ...

FLOW SYSTEM METHOD FOR PREPARING SUBSTANTIALLY PURE NANOPARTICLES, NANOPARTICLES OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD AND USE THEREOF

The invention relates to a method of synthesis of substantially pure nanoparticles in a continuous-flow system, in which a precursor substance solution undergoes reduction reaction using a reducing agent solution and nanoparticles are produced, wherein the reduction reaction is terminated by adding an agent neutralizing the reducing agent and a stable nanoparticle colloid is produced. In the method of the invention a need for using surfactants or other organic molecules for nanoparticle stabilization has been eliminated. 1. A method of synthesis of pure nanoparticles , on surface of which neither surfactants nor other organic molecules are adsorbed , of controlled size in a continuous-flow system , wherein the said continuous-flow system comprises tubing , in which the stream or reagents and products flows in a continuous manner , and wherein the said method comprises at least one step , in which a precursor substance solution undergoes the reduction reaction using a reducing agent solution and nanoparticles are produced , characterized in that the reduction reaction is terminated after the last step by adding a substance neutralizing the reducing agent and a nanoparticle colloid is produced.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises one step claim 1 , in which the precursor substance solution undergoes the reduction reaction using the reducing agent solution and homogeneous nanoparticles are obtained.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises at least two steps claim 1 , in which the precursor substance solution undergoes the reduction reaction using the reducing agent solution and layered nanoparticles of core-shell type are obtained.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor substance is a metal precursor or a mixture of metal precursors.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal precursor is a metal salt or a mixture of different metal salts.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from a group comprising ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL FROM SUGARS

A process for the preparation of ethylene glycol and other C-Chydroxy compounds comprising the steps of hydrogenating a composition comprising C-Coxygenate compounds in the gas phase in the presence of a copper on carbon catalyst. 1. A process for the preparation of a C-Chydroxy compound ,comprising the steps of:{'sub': 1', '3, 'a) providing an oxygenate feed composition comprising a C-Coxygenate compound, and'}b) providing a hydrogenation catalyst material comprising Cu on carbon, then{'sub': 1', '3, 'c) reacting the composition of step a) with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst of step b) and under conditions to provide gas phase hydrogenation of the oxygenate compound to obtain a hydrogenation product composition comprising the C-Chydroxy compound, and then'}d) recovering the hydrogenation product composition.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is performed under continuous conditions.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate feed composition of step a) is brought into the gas phase by atomizing the oxygenate feed using a spray nozzle.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate feed composition of step a) comprises one or more of the C-Coxygenate compounds selected from the group consisting of glycolaldehyde claim 1 , glyoxal claim 1 , pyruvaldehyde claim 1 , acetol and formaldehyde.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate feed composition comprises at least two of the C-Coxygenate compounds selected from the group consisting of glycolaldehyde claim 1 , glyoxal claim 1 , pyruvaldehyde claim 1 , acetol and formaldehyde.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the C-Chydroxy compound is a C-Chydroxy compound.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate feed composition of step a) is brought into the gas phase prior to step c).8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst material of step b) has a loading of Cu on carbon in the range of ...

USE OF METAL-ACCUMULATING PLANTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS THAT CAN BE USED IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A method of implementing organic synthesis reactions uses a composition containing a metal catalyst originating from a calcined plant. The plants can be from the Brassicaceae, Sapotaceae and Convolvulaceae family, and the metal catalyst contains metal in the M(II) form such as zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, cadmium, calcium, magnesium or copper. Examples of the organic synthesis reactions include halogenations, electrophilic reactions, cycloadditions, transesterification reactions and coupling reactions, among others. 1. A method for the implementation of an organic synthesis reaction , comprising: [{'sup': 2+', '2+', '3+', '+', '+, 'wherein said at least one metal in the M(II) form is selected from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn), said metal in the M(II) form having been accumulated by the plant during its growth in a soil containing said metal and at least one cationic species selected from the group consisting of MgCa, Fe, Na and K which have not been accumulated by said plant but are physiologically present in said plant and originate from the latter; and'}, 'bringing the composition into contact with at least one chemical compound capable of reacting with said composition., 'providing a composition comprising at least one metal catalyst containing a metal in the M(II) form, said metal originating from a calcined plant or calcined plant part, said composition having been acid treated,'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic synthesis reaction is selected from halogenations claim 1 , electrophilic aromatic reactions in series claim 1 , synthesis of 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one or 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione claim 1 , cycloaddition reactions claim 1 , transesterification reactions claim 1 , catalyst synthesis reactions for coupling or hydrogenation reactions after reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) claim 1 , synthesis of amino acid or oxime developers claim 1 , and hydrolysis of sulphur- ...

Methods for producing butanol

Methods and compositions for producing 1-butanol are described herein. In some examples, the methods can comprise, contacting a reactant comprising ethanol with a catalyst system, thereby producing a product comprising 1-butanol. The catalyst system can comprise, for example, an iridium catalyst and a nickel, copper, and/or zinc catalyst. The nickel, copper, and zinc catalysts can comprise nickel, copper, and/or zinc and a sterically bulky ligand.

Activated carbon having catalytic activity

The invention refers to a process for producing activated carbon having catalytic activity by carbonization and subsequent activation of carbonaceous organic polymers, wherein carbonaceous organic polymers into which, in the course of their formation, at least one metal atom and/or metal ion has been interpolymerized are subjected to a carbonization and subsequent activation, forming an activated carbon loaded with the metal atom and/or metal ion. This obviates subsequent loading with the metal by costly and inconvenient impregnation after the activated carbon has been produced. By endowing the starting materials with the metal, moreover, a more homogeneous loading is achieved, and that homogeneous throughout all kinds of pores (i.e. macropores, mesopores and micropores), so that catalytic activity is enhanced, and in addition, activation is accelerated.

Doped carbonaceous materials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants under visible light, making methods and applications of same

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

CATALYST CARRIER MODULE FOR LARGE-CAPACITY CATALYTIC REACTOR

Provided is a catalyst carrier module for a large-capacity catalyst reactor, which can be assembled in a large-capacity structure by laminating a flat plate and a wave plate to be fixed in a can without brazing the flat plate and the wave plate constituting a cell forming body, for use in a catalytic reactor requiring a large-capacity exhaust gas treatment. The catalyst carrier module (or block) includes: a can of a rectangular tube shape having an inlet and an outlet; at least one cell forming body in which a plurality of hollow cells are formed by alternately laminating a wave plate and a flat plate which are coated with a catalyst on a surface thereof and inserted into the can; and a fixing unit installed at the inlet and the outlet of the can to prevent the at least one cell forming body from detaching from the can. 1. A catalyst carrier module comprising:a can of a rectangular tube shape having an inlet and an outlet;at least one cell forming body in which a plurality of hollow cells are formed by alternately laminating a wave plate and a flat plate which are coated with a catalyst on a surface thereof and inserted into the can; anda fixing unit installed at the inlet and the outlet of the can to prevent the at least one cell forming body from detaching from the can.2. The catalyst carrier module of claim 1 , wherein the fixing unit comprises a plurality of fixing bars installed at the inlet and the outlet of the can to prevent the at least one cell forming body from being detached from the can.3. The catalyst carrier module of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of fixing bars is fixed to both sides of the can using a fastening member.4. The catalyst carrier module of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of fixing bars is bonded to the can by one of brazing claim 2 , welding claim 2 , soldering claim 2 , and diffusion bonding.5. The catalyst carrier module of claim 1 , wherein the fixing unit comprises first to fourth fixing members both sides of which ...

Minimizing Washcoat Adhesion Loss of Zero-PGM Catalyst Coated on Metallic Substrate

Solutions to the problem of washcoat and/or overcoat adhesion loss of ZPGM catalyst on metallic substrates are disclosed. Present disclosure provides an enhanced process for improving WCA to metallic substrates of ZPGM catalyst systems. Reduction of WCA loss and improved catalyst activity may be enabled by the selection of processing parameters determined from variation of rheological properties by the solid content of the overcoat slurry and variation of the overcoat slurry particle size distribution to produce desirable homogeneity, specific loading, and adherence of the coating on metallic substrates. Processing parameters may be applied to a plurality of metallic substrates of different geometries and cell densities. 1. A catalytic system , comprising:at least one substrate;a washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, the washcoat comprising at least one oxide solid further comprising at least one carrier metal oxide;an overcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, the overcoat comprising at least one ZPGM catalyst;wherein adhesion of the washcoat is affected by one selected from the group consisting of the pH of the overcoat, at least one binder in the overcoat, ab average particle size of the overcoat, rheology of the overcoat, and combinations thereof.2. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one binder is about 32% to about 38% by weight of the overcoat.3. The catalytic system of claim 2 , wherein the adhesion of the washcoat is improved by about 25%.4. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the washcoat is about 3.0 μm to about 10.0 μm.5. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the washcoat is about 8.5 μm.6. The catalytic system of claim 2 , wherein the loss of the washcoat of less than 2%.7. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one ZPGM catalyst comprises one selected from the group consisting of chromium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MIXTURE OF FLUOROALKYL IODIDES

The present invention provides a novel method for producing a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides with high production efficiency, the method enabling the production of a desired fluoroalkyl iodide with high selectivity. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I): 2. The method according to claim 1 , which produces a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I) wherein Rrepresents CFand n is 2 or more.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step 1 further comprises returning the first fraction separated in step 2 to the first reactor to supply one or more types of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I) wherein the degree of polymerization n is (m−2) or less and tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , and reacting the one or more types of fluoroalkyl iodides with the tetrafluoroethylene.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising step 4 of separating the second reaction mixture obtained in step 3 intoa fourth fraction containing a fluoroalkyl iodide or a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I) wherein the degree of polymerization n is (m−1) or less, and tetrafluoroethylene,a fifth fraction containing a fluoroalkyl iodide represented by formula (I) wherein the degree of polymerization n is m, anda sixth fraction containing a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I) wherein the degree of polymerization n is (m+1) or more.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the third fraction separated in step 2 is subjected to step 4 together with the second reaction mixture to supply to step 4 a mixture of fluoroalkyl iodides represented by formula (I) wherein the degree of polymerization n is m or more.6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein when a cycle comprising subjecting the second fraction to steps 3 and 4 to obtain a fifth fraction claim 4 , which is a next fraction claim 4 , is defined as one cycle claim 4 , the next ...

METHANOL PROCESS

A process is described for the synthesis of methanol comprising the steps of: (i) passing a first synthesis gas mixture comprising a make-up gas through a first synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a first product gas stream, (ii) recovering methanol from the first product gas stream thereby forming a first methanol-depleted gas mixture, (iii) combining the first methanol-depleted gas mixture with a loop recycle gas stream to form a second synthesis gas mixture, (iv) passing the second synthesis gas mixture through a second synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a second product gas stream, (v) recovering methanol from the second product gas stream thereby forming a second methanol-depleted gas mixture, and (vi) using at least part of the second methanol-depleted gas mixture as the loop recycle gas stream, wherein the first synthesis reactor has a higher heat transfer per cubic metre of catalyst than the second synthesis reactor, none of the loop recycle gas stream is fed to the first synthesis gas mixture and the recycle ratio of the loop recycle gas stream to form the second synthesis gas mixture is in the range 1.1:1 to 6:1. 1. A process for synthesizing methanol comprising the steps of:(i) passing a first synthesis gas mixture comprising a make-up gas through a first synthesis reactor containing a first cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a first product gas stream,(ii) recovering methanol from the first product gas stream to form a first methanol-depleted gas mixture,(iii) combining the first methanol-depleted gas mixture with a loop recycle gas stream to form a second synthesis gas mixture,(iv) passing the second synthesis gas mixture through a second synthesis reactor containing a second cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a second product gas stream,(v) recovering methanol from the second product gas stream to form a second methanol-depleted gas mixture, and(vi) using at ...

FUNCTIONAL NANOSCALE METAL OXIDES FOR STABLE METAL SINGLE ATOM AND CLUSTER CATALYSTS

A nanocomposite catalyst includes a support, a multiplicity of nanoscale metal oxide clusters coupled to the support, and one or more metal atoms coupled to each of the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. Fabricating a nanocomposite catalyst includes forming nanoscale metal oxide clusters including a first metal on a support, and depositing one or more metal atoms including a second metal on the nanoscale metal oxide clusters. The nanocomposite catalyst is suitable for catalyzing reactions such as CO oxidation, water-gas-shift, reforming of COand methanol, and oxidation of natural gas. 1. A nanocomposite catalyst comprising:a support;a multiplicity of nanoscale metal oxide clusters coupled to the support; andone or more metal atoms coupled to each of the nanoscale metal oxide clusters.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises a refractory material having a surface area of at least 50 m/g or at least 100 m/g.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the support comprises silica claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , magnesia claim 2 , zirconia claim 2 , cordierite claim 2 , mullite claim 2 , perovskite or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the support is powdered.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nanoscale metal oxide clusters comprise CeO claim 1 , CoO claim 1 , FeOTiO claim 1 , CuO claim 1 , NiO claim 1 , MO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , ZrOor any combination thereof.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the nanoscale metal oxide clusters comprise CeO claim 5 , COO claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , CuO claim 5 , NiO claim 5 , MnO claim 5 , NbO claim 5 , ZrOor any combination thereof.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal atoms independently comprise one or more transition metal atoms.8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the one or more metal atoms independently comprise one or more precious metal atoms.9. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the one or more metal atoms comprise Pt claim 8 , Pd claim 8 , Rh claim 8 , Au ...

THIN-FILM-LIKE COMPOSITE OF NANOCRYSTAL

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, as a nanocrystalline material having excellent handling properties, which can overcome the above-mentioned problems of a nanocrystalline material having a powdery form while satisfactorily maintaining the properties of the nanocrystalline material (e.g., excellent catalytic activity). A thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal, characterized in that the thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal includes a thin-film-like connected assembly in which a plurality of nanocrystalline pieces each having a flake-like form and having a main surface and an end surface are connected to each other, the main surfaces of the plurality of nanocrystalline pieces exposed to the outside of the connected assembly are arranged so as to form gaps therebetween, and the connected assembly has a plan view area of 1 mmor more. 1. A thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal , characterized in thatthe thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal comprises a thin-film-like connected assembly in which a plurality of nanocrystalline pieces each having a flake-like form and having a main surface and an end surface are connected to each other,the main surfaces of the plurality of nanocrystalline pieces exposed to the outside of the connected assembly are arranged so as to form gaps therebetween, and{'sup': '2', 'the connected assembly has a plan view area of 1 mmor more.'}2. The thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal according to claim 1 ,wherein:the nanocrystalline pieces each have a thickness of 0.5 to 100 nm; anda minimum size of the main surface is 10 times or more the thickness.3. The thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal according to claim 1 , wherein the plan view area is 100 mmor more.4. The thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal has a specific surface area of 5 m/g or more.5. The thin-film-like composite of nanocrystal according ...

Improved Catalyzed Soot Filter

A catalyzed soot filter, in particular for the treatment of Diesel engine exhaust, comprises a coating design which ensures soot particulates filtration, assists the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO), and produces low HS emissions during normal engine operations and regeneration events. 1. A catalyzed soot filter , comprisinga wall flow substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end;wherein the internal walls of the inlet passages comprise an inlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the inlet coating extends from the inlet end to an inlet coating end, thereby defining an inlet coating length, wherein the inlet coating length is x % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦x≦100; andwherein the internal walls of the outlet passages comprise an outlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the outlet coating extends from the outlet end to an outlet coating end, thereby defining an outlet coating length, wherein the outlet coating length is y % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦y≦100;wherein the inlet coating length defines an upstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter and the outlet coating length defines a downstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the wall flow substrate comprises at least one layer comprising at least one oxidation catalyst and at least one layer comprising at least one HS suppressing material;'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein said at least one oxidation catalyst and said at least one HS suppressing material are separated by the internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;'}characterized in that the total coating length is x+y, and x+y≧100.2. The catalyzed soot filter of claim ...

DECOMPOSITION OF SILICON-CONTAINING PRECURSORS ON POROUS SCAFFOLD MATERIALS

Composites of silicon and various porous scaffold materials, such as carbon material comprising micro-, meso- and/or macropores, and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The compositions find utility in various applications, including electrical energy storage electrodes and devices comprising the same. 1. A method for producing a composite material comprising a porous carbon scaffold and silicon , comprising the following steps:a. mixing polymer precursors materials and storing the resulting mixture for a period of time at sufficient temperature to allow for polymerization of the precursors;b. carbonizing the resulting polymer material to create a porous carbon material;c. subjecting the porous carbon material to elevated temperature in the presence of a silicon-containing precursor and a hydrocarbon material that decomposes at a higher temperature than the silicon containing precursor;d. elevating the temperature to decompose the silicon containing precursor, resulting in a silicon impregnated carbon materials; ande. further elevating the temperature to decompose the hydrocarbon material, resulting in a carbon-coated, silicon impregnated carbon material.2. A method for producing a composite material comprising a porous carbon scaffold and silicon , comprising the following steps:a. mixing polymer precursors materials and storing the resulting mixture for a period of time at sufficient temperature to allow for polymerization of the precursors;b. carbonizing the resulting polymer material to create a porous carbon material;c. subjecting the porous carbon material to elevated temperature in the presence of a silicon-containing precursor and a hydrocarbon material that decomposes at a similar temperature compared to the silicon containing precursor; andd. elevating the temperature to simultaneously decompose the silicon containing precursor into silicon and decomposethe hydrocarbon material into carbon, resulting in a carbon-coated, silicon impregnated ...

Ethanol Production via Dimethylether Recycle

This invention relates to a process for producing ethanol comprises supplying a feed comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen and dimethyl ether to a reaction zone operated under conditions such that (i) part of the carbon monoxide in the feed reacts with part of the hydrogen in the feed to produce methanol; (ii) part of the carbon monoxide in the feed reacts with at least part of the dimethyl ether in the feed to produce methyl acetate; and (iii) part of the hydrogen in the feed reacts with at least part of the methyl acetate produced in (ii) to produce an effluent comprising methanol and ethanol. At least part of the ethanol is recovered from the effluent and at least part of the methanol is dehydrated to produce dimethyl ether, which is recycled to the reaction zone.

Production of Xylenes From Syngas

This disclosure relates to the production of xylenes from syngas, in which the syngas is converted to an aromatic product by reaction with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and aromatization catalyst may be different catalysts or combined into a single catalyst. The aromatic product is then subjected to selective alkylation with methanol and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen to increase its p-xylene content. 1. A process for producing xylenes , the process comprising:(a) providing a first feed comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in which the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is from about 0.5 to 6;(b) contacting the first feed with (i) a first catalyst comprising at least one metal or compound containing a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ru, and (ii) a second catalyst, which may be the same as or different than the first catalyst, comprising at least one medium pore size molecular sieve under conditions including a temperature from 200° C. to 370° C. and a pressure from 500 to 3000 kPa (absolute) effective to produce a reaction effluent containing benzene and/or toluene; and{'sup': '−1', '(c) reacting at least part of the benzene and/or toluene in the reaction effluent with a second feed comprising (i) methanol and/or (ii) hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions effective to produce p-xylene, wherein the reacting is conducted in the presence of a third catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve having a Diffusion Parameter for 2,2-dimethylbutane of from 0.1 to 15 secwhen measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa).'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst further comprises a support selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide claim 1 , manganese oxide claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein first catalyst ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL CATALYST FOR PREPARING ALCOHOL AND METAL CATALYST PRODUCED THEREBY

Disclosed is a method for preparing a metal catalyst having improved yield of alcohols. The method for preparing a metal catalyst for the production of alcohol from synthesis gas includes forming a metal catalyst; and irradiating the metal catalyst with gamma rays. The metal catalyst has improved yield of alcohols by stabilizing the metal catalyst through gamma ray irradiation to inhibit generation of hydrocarbons in catalytic reaction with synthesis gas. 1. A method for producing a metal catalyst for the preparation of alcohols from synthesis gas , comprising:forming a metal catalyst; andirradiating the metal catalyst with gamma rays.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gamma rays have an intensity of 20 kGy to 100 kGy.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the gamma rays are irradiated for 1 hour to 2 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal catalyst is prepared using at least one selected from Cu claim 1 , Li claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , and Mn.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the forming a metal catalyst comprises:dissolving a precursor material of the metal catalyst in distilled water;preparing a slurry by mixing the precursor material with a catalyst support; andsintering the slurry after drying.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the precursor material is at least one selected from copper nitrate hydrates claim 5 , copper sulfate hydrates claim 5 , and copper phosphate hydrates.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the catalyst support is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon claim 5 , ZnO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , zeolite and MoF (metal organic framework).8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the amount of metal supported on the catalyst support ranges from 3 wt % to 10 wt %.9. A metal catalyst for producing an alcohol from synthesis gas prepared by the method of .10. A metal catalyst for producing an alcohol from synthesis gas claim 1 , ...

Exhaust Gas Purifying Catalyst

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides. 1. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus which is disposed in an exhaust pathway of an internal combustion engine and cleans exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine , the apparatus comprising:an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate, anda reducing agent supply mechanism which supplies a reducing agent for generation of ammonia to the exhaust gas at a position upstream in the exhaust pathway as compared to a position of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst, whereinthe catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal and that support a rare earth element-containing compound that contains lanthanum (La) as a rare earth element, andan amount of the rare earth element-containing compound contained is such an amount that a molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite particles is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides, whereinthe rare earth element-containing compound is disposed on a surface of the zeolite particles.2. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between an average particle diameter D1 of the zeolite particles and an average particle diameter D2 of the rare earth element-containing compound satisfies the following formula: 0.005<(D2/D1)<0.5.3. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter D2 of the rare earth element-containing compound is 100 nm or less.4. The exhaust gas purifying ...

Exhaust Gas Purifying Catalyst

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides. 1. A catalyst body which is used in an exhaust gas purifying catalyst , the catalyst body comprising:zeolite particles;a metal supported on the zeolite particles; anda rare earth element-containing compound disposed on a surface of the zeolite particles, whereinthe rare earth element-containing compound contains lanthanum (La) as a rare earth element, andan amount of the rare earth element-containing compound is such an amount that a molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite particles is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.21221. The catalyst body according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between an average particle diameter D of the zeolite particles and an average particle diameter D of the rare earth element-containing compound satisfies the following formula: 0.005<(D/D)<0.5.32. The catalyst body according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter D of the rare earth element-containing compound is 100 nm or less.4. The catalyst body according to claim 1 , wherein when an amount of the rare earth element at a cross section of a zeolite particle is measured using an Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) claim 1 , the amount of the rare earth element present at the surface of the zeolite particle is greater than the amount of the rare earth element present in the inner part of the zeolite particle.5. The catalyst body according to claim 1 , wherein the rare earth element-containing compound contains at least one of lanthanum oxide and lanthanum hydroxide.6. The ...

Copper-Iron-Based Catalytic Composition Comprising Zeolites, Method for Producing Such Catalytic Composition and Process Using Such Catalytic Composition for the Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition comprising copper and iron on a support for use in a process for the synthesis of higher alcohols from a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the catalyst composition being remarkable in that the support is one or more zeolite, in that the total content of iron and copper is ranging from 1 to 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the catalyst composition and as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in that the Cu/Fe bulk molar ratio is ranging from 1.1:1.0 to 5.0:1.0 as determined by XRF spectroscopy. 115-. (canceled)16. A catalyst composition comprising an active phase comprising copper and iron on a support for use in a process for the synthesis of higher alcohols from a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide , the catalyst composition being characterized in that the support is one or more zeolites having a Si/Al molar ratio ranging from 10 to 200 as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) , in that the total content of iron and copper is ranging from 3.0 to 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the catalyst composition and as determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy , in that the Cu/Fe bulk molar ratio is ranging from 1.1:1.0 to 5.0:1.0 as determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and , wherein said catalyst composition is a reduced catalyst composition.17. The catalyst composition according to claim 16 , characterized in that the one or more zeolites are selected from MFI claim 16 , FAU claim 16 , MOR claim 16 , FER claim 16 , BEA claim 16 , TON claim 16 , MTT claim 16 , OFF families claim 16 , or any mixture thereof.18. The catalyst composition according to claim 16 , characterized in that the one or more zeolites are or comprises ZSM-5.19. The catalyst composition according to claim 16 , characterized in that said catalyst composition is a reduced catalyst composition as ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MONOCRYSTALLINE GRAPHENE

A method for manufacturing monocrystalline graphene, includes supplying an aromatic carbon gas onto a single-crystalline metal catalyst to manufacture the monocrystalline graphene. 1. A method for manufacturing monocrystalline graphene , the method comprising supplying an aromatic carbon gas onto a single-crystalline metal catalyst to manufacture the monocrystalline graphene.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single-crystalline metal catalyst has a (111) plane of a metal exposed on a surface thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monocrystalline graphene is grown by growing graphene on the (111) plane.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing oxides on a surface of the single-crystalline metal catalyst before supplying the aromatic carbon gas.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the removing of the oxides is performed by any one of a heat treatment claim 4 , a plasma treatment claim 4 , a light treatment claim 4 , or treatment with chemicals.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying the aromatic carbon gas onto the single-crystalline metal catalyst is performed at 100° C. or lower.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying the aromatic carbon gas onto the single-crystalline metal catalyst is performed at 50° C. or lower.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying the aromatic carbon gas onto the single-crystalline metal catalyst is performed at 30° C. or lower.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying the aromatic carbon gas onto the single-crystalline metal catalyst is performed at room temperature without an additional heat supply.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying the aromatic carbon gas onto the single-crystalline metal catalyst is performed in a vacuum state.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single-crystalline metal catalyst includes a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING 1-(4-ISOBUTYLPHENYL)ETHANOL BY HYDROGENATION OF 1-(4-ISOBUTYL-PHENYL)ETHANONE IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST COMPOSITION COMPRISING COPPER

Described is a process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol by reacting 1-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)ethanone with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising cop-per and one or more metals other than copper, and a use of a respective composition and/or of a pre-composition, the pre-composition comprising a mixture of oxides of copper and oxides of one or more metals other than copper, in a catalytic hydrogenation process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol from 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanone. 1. A process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol comprising 'wherein the catalyst composition comprises the copper in a total amount in a range of from 30 mass-% to 98 mass-%, relative to a total mass of metals present in the catalyst composition.', 'S3) reacting 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanone with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising copper and one or more metals other than copper,'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises the copper in a total amount in the range of from 45 mass-% to 98 mass-% relative to the total mass of metals present in the catalyst composition.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises in addition to the copper: 'wherein a total amount of aluminium, silicon, zirconium and carbon in the catalyst composition, relative to the total mass of copper present in the catalyst composition, is in a range of from 2.5 mass-% to 60.0 mass-%;', 'c2) a carrier component comprising one or more substance selected from the group consisting of aluminium, aluminium compounds, silicon, silicon compounds, zirconium, zirconium compounds, carbon, and carbon compounds,'}and/or 'wherein the total amount of the one or more metal different from the group consisting of copper, aluminium, and zirconium in the catalyst composition, relative to the total mass of metals present in the catalyst composition, is in the range of from 0.1 mass-% to 55.0 mass-%.', 'c3) ...

Process for producing 1,3-butanediol and for optionally further producing (r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate

A process is described for producing 1,3-butanediol, wherein an ester of poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate such as formed by transesterification with an alcohol is reduced by hydrogenation in the presence of a skeletal copper-based catalyst to provide 1,3-butanediol. The 1,3-butanediol may be transesterified by reaction with additional poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ester to produce (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate.

Acid-resistant catalyst supports and catalysts

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

MULTICOMPONENT PLASMONIC PHOTOCATALYSTS CONSISTING OF A PLASMONIC ANTENNA AND A REACTIVE CATALYTIC SURFACE: THE ANTENNA-REACTOR EFFECT

A multicomponent photocatalyst includes a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material. A method of performing a catalytic reaction includes loading a multicomponent photocatalyst including a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material into a reaction chamber; introducing molecular reactants into the reaction chamber; and illuminating the reaction chamber with a light source. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A multicomponent photocatalyst comprising:a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material, wherein the reactive component is alloyed at the surface of the plasmonic material.23. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is selected from gold (Au) claim 22 , silver (Ag) claim 22 , copper (Cu) claim 22 , aluminum (Al) claim 22 , alloys thereof claim 22 , TiN claim 22 , or doped semiconductors.24. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is a 2-dimensional material.25. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein a molar ratio of the plasmonic material to the reactive component may be between 1000:1 to 10:1.26. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between 180 nm and 10 microns.27. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between about 380 nm-760 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.28. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has at least one dimension with a size between about 1 nm and 300 nm.29. The ...

1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

A method for preparing 1,2,4-triazole includes using a fluoroborate aryl diazonium salt, a diazoester derivative and an organic nitrile as reaction substrates, a transition metal salt as a catalyst, and an inorganic base as an additive in a cyclization reaction. The method has the following characteristics: the reaction is economical; the substrate is universal; the post-functionalization is easy; the reaction conditions are mild; the reaction can be performed in air; the catalyst amount used is less; and the post-treatment is simple. Meanwhile, the raw materials, such as the reactants and the catalyst used, are inexpensive and easily available; the reaction composition is reasonable; no ligand is needed; there are less reaction steps; and only one step of reaction is required to obtain a high yield, meeting the requirements and directions of contemporary green chemistry and medicinal chemistry, being suitable for screening highly active 1,2,4-triazole drugs. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclization reaction is conducted at 40° C. for 1 hour in the air.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the copper salt was a halogen copper salt claim 1 , and the additive is selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , cesium carbonate claim 1 , sodium acetate claim 1 , and lithium tert-butoxide.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the copper salt is cuprous bromide claim 3 , and the additive is lithium carbonate.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the catalyst to the fluoroborate aryl diazonium salt is 20%; and a molar ratio of the additive to the fluoroborate aryl diazonium salt is 1.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the organic nitrile to the fluoroborate aryl diazonium salt is 20-50; and a molar ratio of the diazonium ester derivative to the fluoroborate aryl diazonium salt is 3. This application is a Continuation Application of PCT/CN2018 ...

METHOD FOR THE DEPOSITON OF METALS ON SUPPORT OXIDES

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of supported transition metals with high dispersion. The latter are deposited onto refractory oxides without using a further liquid solvent. Hence, according to this dry procedure no solvent is involved which obviates certain drawbacks connected with wet ion exchange, impregnation or other metal addition processes known in the art. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group of Pd claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , V claim 1 , W claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , Y claim 1 , La (lanthanides) or mixtures thereof.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the complex ligand is selected from one or a mixture of the group comprising a diketonate-structure claim 1 , carbonyl species claim 1 , acetates claim 1 , and alkenes.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture is calcined at a temperature of 250-450° C. for 10 mins-4 hours.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises the refractory oxide and the precursor compound to provide a subsequent metal loading on the oxide of 0.01 wt % metal to 20 wt % metal.6. A material or mixture of materials obtained according to .7. A catalyst comprising the material or mixture of materials according to .8. A catalyst according to claim 7 , wherein the material or mixture of materials and optionally further materials are coated in zones on a substrate.9. A monolith catalyst formed via extrusion of the material or mixture of materials of .10. A process for the abatement of exhaust pollutants comprising subjecting an exhaust with exhaust pollutants to the material or mixture of materials of . The present invention is directed to a process for the production of highly dispersed, oxide supported transition metal (TM) catalysts. The TM elements are deposited onto refractory ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NANOPARTICLES OF NOBLE METALS IN HYDROGEL AND NANOPARTICLES THUS OBTAINED

There is described a versatile and environment-friendly one-pot process for the preparation of nanoparticles of noble metals in hydrogel, obtainable at room temperature using quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose. 1. Hydrogel comprising water , at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose , and nanoparticles of at least one metal , wherein:said at least one metal is selected from Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, and mixtures thereof,said at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose is selected from polyquaternium-4, polyquatemium-10, polyquaternium-24 and polyquaternium-67,said nanoparticles of at least one metal of said nanoparticles have an average particle size distribution D50 of 10-100 nm, and are in a concentration of 0.3-5% m/m of the hydrogel.2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose and said metal are in a molar ratio from 1:1 to 10:1.3. The hydrogel of claim 2 , wherein said at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose and said metal are in a molar ratio from 1.1:1 to 7:1.4. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose is polyquaternium-67.5. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein said metal is Ag or Au.6. Process for the preparation of hydrogel of nanoparticles of at least one metal of claim 1 , comprising the steps of:a) providing an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of at least one metal,b) providing an aqueous solution of at least one quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethylcellulose,c) combining the solutions and mixing under stirring at room temperature, andd) reacting at room temperature for at least 5 hours, thus obtaining the hydrogel.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein in step c) pH is adjusted to basic pH.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein pH is adjusted by adding an inorganic base claim 7 , said base and said at least one metal being in a molar ratio from 1:1 to 5:1.9. Hydrogel obtainable ...

Phosphonic acid catalyst in dehydrative cyclization of 5 and 6 carbon polyols with improved color and product accountability

A process for preparing cyclic dehydration products from sugar alcohols is described. The process involve using a mixed-acid catalyst reaction mixture containing a reducing acid, having a pKa of about 1.0-1.5, and at least a strong Brønsted acid or a Lewis acid, having a pKa≦0, or both acids in a solution to dehydrate and ring close said sugar alcohol. Synergistically, the mixed-acid catalysis can produce greater amounts of the desired product at similar levels of compositional accountability than either of the component acid catalysts acting alone.

A THIN FILM BASED PHOTOCATALYST DEVICE FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION AND ALCOHOLS OXIDATION IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT

The present invention relates to a photocatalyst device obtained by thin film making on solid surfaces, wherein the device comprises of titania, optionally in the form of composite with noble or transition metal(s) or metal oxides. This device (FIG. ) is evaluated in direct sunlight for hydrogen generation (FIG. ) and oxidation of alcohols (Table 3) using aqueous alcohol solution through water splitting and simultaneously oxidizing alcohol to oxygenated products. 1. A photocatalyst thin film device obtained by drop casting method on flat surfaces or coating thin film on the inner-surfaces of glass vessels by rota-vapour method for generation of hydrogen and alcohol oxygenated products using water splitting with aqueous alcohol substrate in direct sunlight , wherein said device comprises a titania photocatalyst.2. The photocatalyst thin film device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said device generate hydrogen corresponding to 25-50% of UV light from sunlight by light to chemical conversion through water splitting.3. The photocatalyst thin film device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said titania photocatalyst is in the form of a composite with noble metal or transition metal or metal oxide.4. The photocatalyst thin film device claim 3 , as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said noble metal or transition metal or metal oxide is selected from palladium claim 3 , Platinum claim 3 , Gold claim 3 , Silver claim 3 , Nickel claim 3 , Cobalt claim 3 , Ruthenium claim 3 , Cuprous oxide claim 3 , Titania and Iron oxides.5. The photocatalyst thin film device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein ratio of weight of titania (in mg) to area of film (in cm) is in the range of 0.1 to 4 with optimum average weight/area ratio of 0.2-0.25 mg/cm.6. The photocatalyst thin film device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said thin film is drop casted on the surface of the substrate and comprises of cracks and breaks.7. The photocatalyst device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said alcohol from aqueous ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF COPPER/COPPER OXIDE NANOCRYSTALS

A simple approach to produce mixed Cu/CuO nanocrystals having a specific morphology by controlling the reaction temperature during Cu/CuO nanocrystals synthesis. Other variables are kept constant, such as the amount of reactants, while the reaction temperatures is maintained at a predetermined temperature of 70° C., 30° C. or 0° C., which are used to produce different and controlled morphologies for the Cu/CuO nanocrystals. The reaction mixture includes a copper ion contributor, a capping agent, a pH adjustor, and reducing agent. The reaction mixture is held at the predetermined temperature for three hours to produce the Cu/CuO nanocrystals. The synthesis method has advantages such as mass production, easy operation, and high reproducibility. 1. A method of producing CuO/Cu nanocrystals , comprising:providing 70-90 ml of a solvent,dissolving copper (II) chloride dihydrate in the solvent to provide a molar concentration of 9-11 mM of copper (II) chloride dihydrate in the solvent, dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone with an average molecular weight of 35,000-45,000 g/mol in the solvent to provide a molar concentration of 0.02-0.06 mM of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the solvent, adding 9-11 mL of 0.1-0.3 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the solvent, and adding 9-11 mL of 0.4-0.8 M L-ascorbic acid solution to the solvent to thereby form a reaction mixture, and{'sub': '2', 'stirring the reaction mixture at a predetermined temperature for two to four hours to thereby precipitate CuO/Cu nanocrystals,'}wherein the predetermined temperature is from 65° C. to 75° C., from 25° C. to 35° C., or from −5° C. to 5° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined temperature is from 65° C. to 75° C.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the predetermined temperature is from 69° C. to 71° C.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the CuO/Cu nanocrystals have an average size of from 770 nm to 870 nm.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the CuO/Cu ...

Method for producing butadiene from ethanol with optimised in situ regeneration of the catalyst of the second reaction step

The present invention relates to a process for producing butadiene from ethanol, in two reaction steps, comprising a step a) of converting ethanol into acetaldehyde and a step b) of conversion into butadiene, said step b) simultaneously implementing a reaction step and a regeneration step in (n+n/2) fixed-bed reactors, n being equal to 4 or a multiple thereof, comprising a catalyst, said regeneration step comprising four successive regeneration phases, said step b) also implementing three regeneration loops.

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND CATALYSTS FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF SYNGAS TO HIGH-OCTANE HYDROCARBONS

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes converting a gas stream that contains hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) to a second mixture that contains a hydrocarbon, for example, a hydrocarbon having between 3 and 15 carbon atoms, where the converting is performed using a first catalyst configured to convert Hand CO to methanol, a second catalyst configured to convert methanol to dimethyl ether (DME), and a third catalyst configured to convert DME to the hydrocarbon. 1. A method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'converting a gas stream comprising hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) to a second mixture comprising a hydrocarbon having between 3 and 15 carbon atoms, wherein{'sub': '2', 'the converting is performed using a first catalyst configured to convert Hand CO to methanol,'}a second catalyst configured to convert methanol to dimethyl ether (DME), anda third catalyst configured to convert DME to the hydrocarbon.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises copper and a zinc oxide.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first catalyst further comprises at least one of silica claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , zirconia claim 2 , or ceria.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst comprises at least one of an alumina or silica.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third catalyst comprises at least one of copper or a zeolite.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the zeolite comprises a beta zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio between about 20:1 and about 300:1.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the copper in the third catalyst is present at a concentration between about 1 wt % and about 20 wt % claim 6 , relative to the total weight of the third catalyst.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst and the second catalyst are present at a ratio between about 1:1 and about 8:1.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the second catalyst and the third catalyst are present at a ratio between about 0.1:1 and about 5:2.10. The method of ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EFFICIENT ON-DEMAND PRODUCTION OF H2 AND O2 FROM WATER USING WASTE HEAT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE METALS

A method of and apparatus for efficient on-demand production of Hand 0from water and heat using environmentally safe metals are disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus for the hydrogen generation through water decomposition reaction includes a main reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a computer controlling system. The main reactor contains a hydrogen generating substance, such as aluminium hydroxide. In some embodiments, the main reactor includes hydroxide shuttles, such as Cu ion and Ag ion. In another aspect, the system for hydrogen generation through water decomposition includes the steps of (1) REDOX reaction, (2) pre-generation reaction, (3) generation reaction, (4) regeneration reaction, (5) second hydrogen reaction, and (6) oxygen reaction. 127-. (canceled)28. A method of hydrogen production comprising:a. preparing a solution containing an ionic compound, wherein the solution contains some amount of aluminium, copper, and silver;b. ionizing aluminum, copper, and silver into the solution by an applied voltage; andc. applying a voltage to the solution causing an electric hydrolysis reaction, thereby generating hydrogen gas.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the voltage magnitude is smaller than 1.0V.30. (canceled)31. The method of claim 28 , wherein the applied voltage used to ionize the aluminum claim 28 , copper claim 28 , and silver is greater than the voltage causing the electric hydrolysis reaction.32. The method of further comprising forming some amount of white precipitate by applying the voltage.33. The method of further comprising heating the solution.34. The method of further comprising passing the solution through some amount of light.35. The method of further comprising an automatic controlling system.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the automatic controlling system controls a transportation of the solution from a location having electric hydrolysis reactions to a location having photolysis reactions.37. An electric hydrolysis catalyst ...

COPPER CONTAINING CATALYST FOR PREPARATION OF ALIPHATIC AMINES

Provided is a process of reacting an aliphatic alcohol with an aminating agent for obtaining an aliphatic amine, wherein the reaction is carried out in a catalyst comprising from 68 wt % to 100 wt % of a copper oxide and from 0 wt % to 0.1 wt % of a metal co-catalyst, and optionally from 0 wt % to 32 wt % of a catalyst support, weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 75 wt % to 100 wt % of a copper oxide and from 0 wt % to 0.1 wt % of a metal co-catalyst claim 1 , and optionally from 0 wt % to 25 wt % of a catalyst support claim 1 , weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 68 wt % to 95 wt % of a copper oxide as the sole catalytic metal claim 1 , and optionally from 5 wt % to 32 wt % of a catalyst support claim 1 , weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 75 wt % to 100 wt % of a copper oxide as the sole catalytic metal claim 1 , and optionally from 0 wt % to 25 wt % of a catalyst support claim 1 , weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst consists of from 68 wt % to 95 wt % of a copper oxide and from 5 wt % to 32 wt % of a catalyst support claim 1 , weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst consists of from 75 wt % to 95 wt % of a copper oxide and from 5 wt % to 25 wt % of a catalyst support claim 1 , weight percentage is based on the total weight of the catalyst.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst support is silica.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol and the aminating agent are mixed together with a flow of hydrogen and the mixture is continuously introduced into a ...

OXYGEN GENERATOR AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE OXYGEN PRODUCTION RATE OF AN OXYGEN GENERATOR

An oxygen generator has a composition for generating oxygen and an acidic compound and/or a basic compound. The composition for generating oxygen includes an oxygen source, an ionic liquid, a metal oxide compound and/or a metal salt, and optionally a basic compound. The oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from −10° C. to +50° C., the metal oxide compound is an oxide of a single metal or of two or more different metals selected from the metals of groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements. The metal salt has a single metal or two or more different metals, and an organic and/or an inorganic anion. There is also described a method for controlling the oxygen production rate of the oxygen generator, and a device for generating oxygen in a controlled manner. 1. (canceled)2. The oxygen generator according to claim 16 , wherein the oxygen source is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal percarbonates claim 16 , alkali metal perborates claim 16 , urea hydrogen peroxide claim 16 , and mixtures thereof.3. The oxygen generator according to claim 16 , wherein the ionic liquid is at least one salt having a cation and an anion claim 16 , wherein the cation is selected from the group consisting of imidazolium claim 16 , pyrrolidinium claim 16 , ammonium claim 16 , pyridinium claim 16 , pyrazolium claim 16 , piperidinium claim 16 , phosphonium claim 16 , and sulfonium cations and/or wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of dimethylphosphate claim 16 , methylsulfate claim 16 , ethylsulfate claim 16 , trifluoromethylsulfonate claim 16 , bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide claim 16 , chloride claim 16 , bromide claim 16 , iodide claim 16 , tetrafluoroborate claim 16 , hexafluorophosphate claim 16 , acetate claim 16 , and but-3-enoate.4. The oxygen generator according to claim 16 , wherein the metal oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of MnO claim 16 , CoO ...

METAL NANO-CATALYSTS IN GLYCEROL AND APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

A catalytic system which is a suspension in glycerol of metal nanoparticles in at least one transition metal. The suspension also includes at least one compound stabilizing the metal nanoparticles, soluble in glycerol. The suspensions are obtained directly in glycerol. These are stable systems that can catalyse a reaction from an organic substrate, with high yields and activity, and excellent selectivity. Additionally, the use of the catalytic system for performing organic transformations such as hydrogenation or coupling reactions (formation of C—C, C—N, C—O, C—S . . . bonds), and for synthesizing polyfunctionnal molecules, in a single reactor, by multi-step, sequential or cascade reactions. 119-. (canceled)20. A catalytic system , consisting of a suspension in glycerol of metal nanoparticles comprising at least one transition metal , said suspension also comprising at least one glycerol-soluble stabilizing compound which stabilizes said metal nanoparticles.21. The system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said nanoparticles comprise a metal having a zero oxidation state chosen from the transition metals from Groups VI to XI.22. The system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said nanoparticles comprise an oxide of a transition metal having a given oxidation state claim 20 , said metal being chosen from the metals of the first transition series.23. The system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said nanoparticles comprise a metal chosen from copper claim 20 , palladium claim 20 , rhodium and ruthenium.24. The system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said stabilizing compound is a ligand of said transition metal chosen from glycerol-soluble phosphines.25. The system as claimed in claim 24 , wherein said stabilizing compound is the sodium salt of tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine claim 24 , with a molar ratio of said ligand to said metal being of between 0.1 and 2.0.26. The system as claimed claim 20 , wherein said transition metal is at a concentration in the glycerol of between ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE OXIDE AND COMPOSITE OXIDE CATALYST

Provided are a method for producing a composite oxide and the composite oxide. The method includes steps of: (a) preparing a Ce aqueous solution not less than 80 mol % of which Ce ions are tetravalent, and a Zr aqueous solution; (b1) mixing the Zr aqueous solution and a portion of the Ce aqueous solution to prepare a mixed aqueous solution (X1); (c1) hydrothermally processing the solution (X1); (b2) adding the remainder of the Ce aqueous solution of step (a) to a colloidal solution (Y1) of a composite salt obtained from step (c1) to prepare a colloidal solution (Y2) of a composite salt; (c2) hydrothermally processing the solution (Y2); (d) mixing a colloidal solution (Y3) of a composite salt obtained from step (c2) with an alkaline solution and a surfactant to prepare a precipitate; and (e) calcining the precipitate. 1. A composite oxide obtained by a method comprising the steps of:(a) preparing at least a cerium aqueous solution 80 to 100 mol % of which cerium ions are tetravalent, and a zirconium aqueous solution containing zirconium ions;(b1) mixing said zirconium aqueous solution and a portion of said cerium aqueous solution prepared in step (a) to prepare a mixed aqueous solution (X1);(c1) hydrothermally processing said mixed aqueous solution (X1);(b2) adding a remainder of said cerium aqueous solution prepared in step (a) to a colloidal solution (Y1) of a composite salt obtained by said hydrothermal processing in step (c1) to prepare a colloidal solution (Y2) of a composite salt;(c2) hydrothermally processing said colloidal solution (Y2) of a composite salt obtained from step (b2) ;(d) mixing a colloidal solution (Y3) of a composite salt obtained by said hydrothermal processing in step (c2) with an alkaline solution and a surfactant to prepare a precipitate; and(e) calcining said precipitate,wherein the composite oxide comprises Ce, Zr, Pr, and oxygen, andwherein the content of Zr is not less than 20 mol% and not more than 50 mol %, and the content of Pr is ...

CATALYSTS FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE TO SYNTHESIS GAS

Catalysts for converting carbon dioxide and methane to synthesis gas include an alumina supported copper-nickel alloy composition having the formula NiCu. The catalyst comprises about 70% to about 98% by weight of alumina in the catalyst, wherein x is an atomic percentage nickel content and y is an atomic percentage copper content, and wherein a ratio of x to y is about 3:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the Ni—Cu catalyst composition according to the present disclosure is derived by state of the art electronic structure calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). 1. A catalyst for converting methane and carbon dioxide to synthesis gas , the catalyst comprising:{'sub': x', 'y, 'an alumina-supported copper-nickel alloy composition having a formula NiCu, wherein x is an atomic percentage nickel content and y is an atomic percentage copper content, and wherein a ratio of x to y is about 3:1 to about 10:1.'}2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of x toy is about 5:1 to about 9:1.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of x toy is about 8:1 to about 10:1.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of x toy is about 8:1.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises about 70% to about 98% by weight of the alumina in the catalyst.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising incipient wetness impregnation.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst retains at least 99% of its optimized activity after at least 10 hours' catalysis reaction.8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the activity is either CHconversion or COconversion.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst retains about 100% of its initial activity after at least 10 hours' catalysis reaction.10. The catalyst of claim 9 , wherein the activity is either CHconversion or COconversion.11. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst retains at least 70% of its initial activity after at least 70 hours' catalysis ...

SYSTEM FOR PRE-PURIFICATION OF A FEED GAS STREAM

A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers. Alternatively, the pre-purification systems and methods employ a hopcalite catalyst layer and a noble metal catalyst layer separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layer. 1. A method of purifying a gas stream to remove the hydrogen and carbon monoxide impurities present in the gas stream , the method comprising:(a) passing the gas stream substantially free of carbon dioxide and water through a first catalyst layer comprising a mixture manganese and copper oxides configured to remove at least some of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the gas stream and produce a first intermediate effluent;(b) passing the first intermediate effluent through an adsorbent layer disposed downstream of the first catalyst layer, the adsorbent layer configured to remove water and carbon dioxide from the intermediate effluent and produce a second intermediate effluent; and(c) passing the second intermediate effluent through a second catalyst layer disposed downstream of the adsorbent layer, the second catalyst layer configured to remove at least hydrogen from the second intermediate effluent to yield an intermediate purified stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate purified stream is substantially ...

CuO - TiO2 NANOCOMPOSITE PHOTOCATALYST FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

The present investigation is development of the TiOnanotubes concept of preparation of and their composite with fine dispersion of copper. The inventions also relates to identify a method for optimum amount of photocatalyst required for efficient and maximum hydrogen production reported than earlier (H=99,823 μmol·h·gcatalyst) from glycerol-water mixtures under solar light irradiation. A method is disclosed to produce CuO/TiOnanotubes with high sustainability and recyclable activity for hydrogen production. 1. CuO—TiOnanocomposite photocatalyst which comprises of TiOnanotubes in the range of 98-99.9 wt % and CuO in the range of 0.1 to 2 wt %.2. CuO—TiOnanocomposite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein TiOnanotube composed of bicrystalline anatase-rutile phase with tube length 300 to 400 nm and diameter 8-12 nm.3. CuO—TiOnanocomposite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein CuO is deposited on TiOnanotubes surface in the form of quantum dots.4. CuO—TiOnanocomposite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 3 , wherein size of CuO quantum dots is less than 10 nm.5. A method for the preparation of CuO—TiOnanocomposite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said process comprising the steps of;{'sub': '2', 'a) dispersing TiOμm-sized particles (TMP) into NaOH aqueous solution under magnetic stirring at temperature ranging between 25 to 35° C. for a period ranging between 0.5 to 2 h to obtain homogeneous suspension;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'b) heating homogeneous suspension as obtained in step (a) into an autoclave for a period ranging between 6 to 72 h at temperature ranging between 120 to 150° C. to obtain precipitate of TiOnanotube followed by washing with water, dilute HCl and ethanol in steps subsequently drying the precipitate at temperature ranging between 60 to 100° C. for a period ranging between 8 to 24 h then calcining TiOnanotube at temperature ranging between 300 to 400° C. for a period ranging 2 to 7 h to obtain calcined TiOnanotube;'}{'sub': ...

Materials and methods for immobilization of catalysts on surfaces and for selective electroless metallization

A method of rendering a substrate catalytic to electroless metal deposition comprising the steps of: (a) depositing a ligating chemical agent on the substrate, which is capable of both binding to the substrate and ligating to an electroless plating catalyst; and (b) ligating the electroless plating catalyst to the ligating chemical agent, wherein the ligating chemical agent has the chemical structure: wherein n and m are each between about 1 and about 100.

SINGLE ATOM CATALYST AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

A single atom catalyst and a method of forming the same are provided. The single atom catalyst comprises a support comprising a first metal oxide and a second metal atom located in the first metal oxide. The method of forming the single atom catalyst comprises forming a sacrificial nanoparticle, coating the sacrificial nanoparticle with a first metal oxide, adsorbing a second metal atom to the first metal oxide, forming a sacrificial layer on the support, and heating the first metal oxide. 1. A single atom catalyst comprising:a support comprising a first metal oxide; anda second metal atom located in the first metal oxide.2. The single atom catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second metal atom is located in a first metal vacancy in the first metal oxide.3. The single atom catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide comprises Tice .4. The single atom catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second metal comprises a transition metal.5. The single atom catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the second. metal comprises at least one of Cu claim 4 , Fe claim 4 , Co claim 4 , Ni claim 4 , and Rh.6. The single atom catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support has a hollow spherical shape.7. The single atom catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide has crystalline property.81. The single atom catalyst of claim claim 1 , claim 1 , wherein the single atom catalyst is activated by light irradiation and deactivated by exposure to oxygen.9. A method of forming a single atom catalyst comprising:forming a sacrificial nanoparticle;coating the sacrificial nanoparticle with a first metal oxide;adsorbing a second metal atom to the first metal oxide;forming a sacrificial layer on the support; andheating the first metal oxide.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sacrificial nanoparticle and the sacrificial layer is formed with SiO.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first metal oxide comprises TiO.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second metal comprises a transition metal.1312. ...

DESALINATION METHODS AND DEVICES USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

A method of and apparatus for desalinating sea water using geothermal energy. A low voltage (such as less than 0.9V) is applied to a hydrogen generating catalysts to generate hydrogen and oxygen, wherein geothermal heat is used as a heat source. The hydrogen and oxygen are used to drive a gas turbine to generate electricity. The oxygen and hydrogen are transported away and combusted to generate heat and pure water, as such salt are separated from the pure water. 1. A method of desalination using geothermal heat comprising:a. performing a catalytic electrolysis reaction in a reaction vessel by applying a voltage to a solution containing sea water and a hydrogen generating catalyst, wherein the sea water contains amount of sea salt, and wherein the hydrogen generating catalyst contains aluminium, copper, and silver;b. applying an electric voltage to the hydrogen generating catalyst between 0.4V to 0.9V for generating an amount of oxygen and an amount of hydrogen; andc. generating an amount of pure water by combusting the amount of oxygen and the amount of hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing an amount of geothermal heat to the reaction vessel.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising leaving the salt in the solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric voltage is 0.85V.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising driving an electricity generating turbine using the hydrogen claim 1 , the oxygen claim 1 , or both.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the pure water generated and an amount of heat generated claim 1 , wherein the pure ware and the heat are generated through a combustion reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the water is condensed using a condenser.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the heat is collected using a heat exchanger.9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising separately recycling back the heat and the water to the reaction vessel.10. The method ...

Nuclear driven carbon dioxide sequestration system and method

A system and method for heat produced at a nuclear power plant as the energy source for carbon dioxide sequestration while simultaneously producing electricity. The system includes a nuclear power plant that differs significantly from conventional designs inasmuch as its design is tightly integrated into the carbon dioxide sequestration system. The system generates electricity and sequesters carbon dioxide at the same time. Instead of simply generating electricity from the nuclear reactor and then using that electricity to run a sequestration process, the method is designed to directly provide the requisite thermal energy to the sequestration process, and simultaneously power an electrical generator. Another feature of the system design is a method of optimizing load balancing between the electrical grid and carbon dioxide sequestration.

Roll-to-Roll Graphene Production, Transfer of Graphene, and Substrate Recovery

A method of producing a graphene film () includes forming a catalyst film () on a support (); forming a graphene film () on the catalyst film (); and electrolytically removing the catalyst film () from the support (). The method may include transferring the graphene film () to a substrate (). A supported graphene film includes a conductive support (); a catalyst film () formed on the conductive support () having a thickness in a range of 1 nm to 10 μm, and a graphene film () formed on the catalyst film (). 1. A method of producing a graphene film comprising:forming a catalyst film on a conductive support;forming the graphene film on the catalyst film; andelectrolytically removing the catalyst film from the support.2. The method of wherein the catalyst film is electrolytically formed on the support.3. The method of wherein the catalyst film includes copper.4. The method of wherein the catalyst film has a thickness in a range of 1 nm to 25 μm.5. The method of wherein the thickness is in a range of 1 μm to 10 μm.6. The method of wherein forming the catalyst film is conducted in an electrolytic cell having an anode and an electrolyte claim 1 , wherein the support acts as a cathode.7. The method of wherein the support travels through the electrolytic cell as the catalyst film is formed on the support.8. The method of wherein the graphene film is formed on the catalyst film by chemical vapor deposition.9. The method of wherein electrolytically removing the catalyst film includes transporting the support including the catalyst film and the graphene film through an electrolytic bath.10. The method of further comprising:transferring the graphene film to a substrate.11. A supported graphene film comprising:a conductive support;a catalyst film formed on the support having a thickness in a range of 1 nm to 25 μm; andthe graphene film formed on the catalyst film.12. The supported graphene film of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst film includes copper. The present invention relates ...

Exhaust gas purifying catalyst

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate 10 and a catalyst layer 20 formed on a surface of the substrate 10 . The catalyst layer 20 contains zeolite particles 22 that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound 24 that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound 24 is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite 22 is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.

Pyrazole compounds and preparation thereof

The present invention provides processes for preparation of substituted pyrazole compounds of formula II, that can be used as intermediates for preparation of substituted piperidine urea compounds useful for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). R 2 is independently selected from F, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, R 3 is independently selected from H, F, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, R 4 is C1-C4 alkyl, R 6 is H or a protecting group and R 7 is selected from H, CI or trialkylsilyl.

Cu/Zn/Al CATALYST AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst and a method for preparing same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst including copper particles having high surface area and thus having excellent activity, which is prepared by: preparing a metal precursor solution by dissolving a copper precursor, a zinc precursor and an aluminum precursor in an organic solvent; mixing an aqueous basic solution with the metal precursor solution and precipitating metal particles; and preparing a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst by collecting and sintering the precipitated metal particles, and a method for preparing same.

Hydrogenation and ethynylation catalysts

A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C3-C6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

STABILIZATION OF A CO-BOUND INTERMEDIATE VIA MOLECULAR TUNING PROMOTES CO2-TO-ETHYLENE CONVERSION

Aspects included herein include an electrolytic system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, the system comprising: a cathode comprising: a porous gas-diffusion membrane permeable to CO; an electrocatalyst layer adjacent to a second side of the gas-diffusion membrane; the electrocatalyst layer comprising: an electrically conductive catalyst; and a selectivity-determining organic material attached to at least a portion of the electrically conductive catalyst; wherein: the organic material is formed of a plurality of oligomers; each oligomer comprises a plurality of covalently bonded base units; each base unit comprises at least one heterocyclic group having at least one nitrogen in its structure; and an anion exchange membrane adjacent to the electrocatalyst layer and positioned between the anode and the cathode; wherein anion exchange membrane is characterized by anion conductivity and the cathode is in ionic communication with the anode via the anion exchange membrane. 1. An electrolytic system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide , the system comprising:an anode; a first current collector;', {'sub': '2', 'a porous gas-diffusion membrane having a first side and a second side; wherein the porous gas-diffusion membrane is permeable to CO;'}, an electrically conductive catalyst; and', 'a selectivity-determining organic material attached to at least a portion of the electrically conductive catalyst; wherein:', 'the organic material is formed of a plurality of oligomers;', 'each oligomer comprises a plurality of covalently bonded base units;', 'each base unit comprises at least one heterocyclic group having at least one nitrogen in its ring structure; and, 'an electrocatalyst layer adjacent to the second side of the gas-diffusion membrane and in electrical communication with the first current collector; the electrocatalyst layer comprising], 'a cathode in electrical communication with the anode, the cathode comprisingan anion exchange membrane ...

Method of making a copper oxide-titanium vdioxide nanocatalyst

A method of making a copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst for performing the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide is provided. The copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst is in the form of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles supported on mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes. The copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst is prepared by adding an aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)23H2O to an aqueous suspension of titanium dioxide nanotubes. Deposition precipitation at constant alkaline pH is used to form the copper oxide nanoparticles supported on mesoporous titanium dioxide nanotubes. Aqueous sodium carbonate is used to adjust the pH. The solid matter (copper oxide deposited on titanium dioxide nanotubes) is separated from the suspension, washed, dried and calcined, yielding the copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst. Carbon monoxide may then flow over a fixed-bed reactor loaded with the copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst at a temperature between 80° C. and 200° C.

HYDROGENOLYSIS CATALYSTS WITH HIGH ACID TOLERANCE

A catalyst includes a mixed metal oxide; an alumina; silica, and calcium, where the mixed metal oxide includes Cu and at least one of Mn, Zn, Ni, or Co. Such catalysts exhibit enhanced tolerance sulfur-containing compounds and free fatty acids. 1. A catalyst comprising:a mixed metal oxide comprising Cu and at least one of Mn, Zn, Ni, or Co;an alumina;silica; andcalcium;wherein the catalyst comprises a surface, wherein the percent of Cu at the surface in relation to total Cu content of the catalyst is from about 0.5% to about 20%.2. (canceled)3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises about 15 wt % to about 50 wt % Cu.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide comprises Cu and Mn.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the mixed metal oxide comprises Cu and Mn claim 4 , and the catalyst comprises about 2 wt % to about 10 wt % Mn.6. (canceled)7. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the mixed metal oxide comprises Cu and Zn claim 4 , and the catalyst comprises about 15 wt % to about 50 wt % Zn.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the alumina is present in the catalyst at about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the silica is present in the catalyst at about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %.10. (canceled)11. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the calcium is present in the catalyst at about 2 wt % to about 10 wt %.12. (canceled)13. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is substantially free of sodium claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , or a combination of two or more thereof.1415-. (canceled)16. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area from about 10 m/g to about 150 m/g.17. (canceled)18. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a mercury pore volume from about 0.10 cm/g to about 0.80 cm/g.19. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a packed ambient bulk density from about 0.3 g/cmto about 1.6 g/cm.20. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Method for preparing fuel electrode of solid oxide electrolysis cells embedded with bimetallic catalyst

A method for uniformly forming a nickel-metal alloy catalyst in a fuel electrode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell is provided. Specifically, before the nickel-metal alloy catalyst is formed, a metal oxide is uniformly distributed on nickel oxide contained in the fuel electrode through infiltration of a metal oxide precursor solution and hydrolysis of urea.

SELECTIVE ALKANE ACTIVATION WITH SINGLE-SITE ATOMS ON AMORPHOUS SUPPORT

The present invention relates generally to catalysts and methods for use in olefin production. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel amorphously supported single-center, Lewis acid metal ions and use of the same as catalysts. 1. A catalyst for use in olefin production comprising one or more single-atom Lewis acid metal ions on the surface of an amorphous support , wherein said catalyst selectively cleaves C—H bonds over C—C bonds in the conversion of alkenes to alkanes.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the Lewis acid metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Ta claim 1 , La claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , and the lanthanides.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the Lewis acid metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 2 , Co claim 2 , Zn claim 2 , and Ga.4. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the amorphous support is a refractory oxide.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the refractory oxide is selected from the group consisting of TiO claim 4 , ZrO claim 4 , CeO claim 4 , AlzO claim 4 , MgO claim 4 , and mixtures of these.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , wherein the amorphous support is a silica support.7. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the lewis acid metal ion is tetrahedrally coordinated.8. The catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous claim 7 , single-site Zn(II) catalyst claim 7 , in which the tetrahedrally coordinated Zn(II) ion is bonded to the silica support at 3-membered ring siloxane sites.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is not redox-active.10. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of greater than 75% for C—H activation.11. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of greater than 90% for C—H activation.12. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a selectivity of greater than 95% for C—H activation.13. The catalyst ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOFIBERS FROM LIGHT HYDROCARBONS

A process and apparatus for producing carbon nanofibers. The process comprises two stages. The first stage involves oxidizing light hydrocarbon with carbon dioxide or water, or oxygen, or a combination thereof to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The second stage involves converting the produced hydrogen and the carbon monoxide to carbon nanofibers and steam. In this way, greenhouse gases may be reduced by using carbon dioxide and methane (and/or other light hydrocarbons) as reactants; and useful products may be produced, such as Carbon NanoFibers (CNF). 137.-. (canceled)38. A process for producing carbon nanofibers , the process comprising:in a first reactor, reacting a light hydrocarbon stream with an oxidizing agent to perform reforming reaction to produce an intermediate gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; andin a subsequent second reactor, converting the produced hydrogen and the carbon monoxide selectively to carbon nanofibers that build up inside the second reactor, and steam which exits the second reactor.39. The process of claim 38 , further comprising: separating claim 38 , using a separator claim 38 , the unreacted portions of COand the light hydrocarbon from the intermediate gas stream; and recycling the separated unreacted portions of COand the light hydrocarbon into the first reactor.40. The process of claim 39 , wherein the step of separating the unreacted portions of COand the hydrocarbon from the converted gas stream from the first reactor is carried out using a membrane separator.41. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the first reactor is configured to enable dry catalytic reforming of the hydrocarbon.42. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the process of conversion in the first reactor is carried out at a temperature between about 480° C. and about 850° C. claim 38 , and at a pressure up to about 5 MPa.43. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the hydrocarbon is methane.44. The process according to ...

Enhanced performance of the dehydrogenation by the reduction of coke formation using pre-activated co2

The present disclosure addresses the deficiencies described above by providing systems and methods for enhancing the efficiency and yield of alkene production. The methods and systems provide for the use of activated CO 2 in a dehydrogenation reactor along with an alkane stream. Through the use of the methods and systems of the invention, catalyst deactivation by coke deposition is reduced and the selectivity and efficiency of the dehydrogenation reaction is improved.

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF POLYSTYRENE INTO AROMATIC RICH LIQUID PRODUCT USING SPHERICAL CATALYST

The present invention provides a process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene involving a spherical catalyst, an apparatus for carrying out the depolymerization, recovering the aromatic rich liquid product and recycling the catalyst without any decrease in the catalytic performance. Further, the present invention provides that the aromatic rich liquid product includes styrene, xylene, benzene, ethyl benzene, with styrene content greater than 65%. Additionally, the catalyst involved in the depolymerization process is a spherical catalyst that is easily recovered from coke/char formed during the process and is recycled and reused without any decrease in the catalytic performance. 1. A process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene , the process comprising:(a) adding a polystyrene feed and a catalyst into a reactor, wherein the catalyst and the feed are added together, or the feed is added first followed by the catalyst, or the feed is added into the reactor containing the catalyst; wherein the catalyst is a spherical catalyst;(b) mixing of the feed with the catalyst in the reactor to obtain a mixture and heating the mixture at a rate ranging from 3 to 20° C./min in an inert atmosphere for generating vapor;(c) passing the vapor from the reactor to a condenser to obtain a condensate, wherein a heating tape is connected to a temperature controller in the reactor to prevent condensation of the vapor before entering the condenser; and(d) routing the condensate from the condenser to a liquid product collection flask and passing un-condensable gases from the condenser through a scrubber; wherein the liquid product is present in an amount ranging from 85% to 90% by weight comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 65% to 71% by weight of the liquid product.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feed is a styrene rich polymer waste comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 20% to 100% by weight claim 1 , wherein the styrene rich polymer is ...

OXIDATION OF SOLIDS BIO-CHAR FROM LEVULINIC ACID PROCESSES

The invention describes processes to convert biomass char, such as levulinic acid process char, into useful products. 1. A method to convert biomass based char into water soluble products comprising the step:subjecting biomass based char to an oxidant to provide a mixture, whereby the biomass based char of the mixture is converted into water soluble products.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass based char is a result of treatment of a biomass based material with a mineral acid.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the biomass based material is a C5 sugar claim 2 , a C6 sugar claim 2 , a lignocelluloses claim 2 , cellulose claim 2 , starch claim 2 , a polysaccharide claim 2 , a disaccharide claim 2 , a monosaccharide or mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sugar is a high fructose corn syrup.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sugar is glucose claim 3 , fructose claim 3 , sucrose or combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant is oxygen claim 1 , air claim 1 , a permanganate claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , or a peroxide.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture includes water.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the mixture is subjected to the oxidant at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 300° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein no char remains.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble products are one or more of levulinic acid claim 1 , acetic acid claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , formic acid or mixtures thereof.11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a metal containing catalyst.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal selected from platinum claim 11 , palladium claim 11 , ruthenium claim 11 , copper claim 11 , cobalt claim 11 , nickel claim 11 , vanadium claim 11 , tungsten claim 11 , iron claim 11 , silver claim 11 , manganese claim 11 , or gold claim 11 , or a combination thereof. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application ...

Photocatalytic coating, process for producing photocatalytic coating, and process for producing photocatalytic body

This photocatalytic coating contains at least a photocatalytic particle, a binder and water. The binder includes a water-soluble hydrolysate of a silane coupling agent having an ethylene oxide structure. A content of the water-soluble hydrolysate of the silane coupling agent having the ethylene oxide structure is preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, based on a weight of a total solid content contained in the photocatalytic coating.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CATALYST OR A TRAPPING MASS FROM MOLTEN SALTS

Process for preparing a catalyst or a trapping mass comprising the following steps: 1. Process for preparing a catalyst or a trapping mass comprising an active phase based on at least one metal from group VIB , VIIB , VIIIB , IB or MB and a porous oxide support , said catalyst being prepared by at least the following steps:a) said porous oxide support is brought into contact with at least one metal salt comprising at least one metal belonging to groups VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB or IIB, of which the melting point of said metal salt is between 20° C. and 150° C., for a period of between 5 minutes and 5 hours in order to form a solid mixture, the weight ratio of said metal salt to said porous oxide support being between 0.1 and 1;b) the solid mixture obtained at the end of step a) is heated with stirring at a temperature between the melting point of said metal salt and 200° C. and with a residence time of between 5 minutes and 12 hours;c) optionally, the solid obtained at the end of step b) is dried at a temperature below 200° C.;d) the solid obtained at the end of step b) or c) is calcined at a temperature above 200° C. and below or equal to 1100° C. under an inert atmosphere or under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.2. Process according to claim 1 , in which said metal is chosen from Zn claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Mn.3. Process according to claim 1 , in which the metal salt is a hydrated nitrate salt.4. Process according to claim 3 , in which said metal salt is chosen from zinc nitrate trihydrate claim 3 , zinc nitrate hexahydrate claim 3 , copper nitrate trihydrate claim 3 , copper nitrate hexahydrate claim 3 , nickel nitrate hexahydrate claim 3 , iron nitrate nonahydrate claim 3 , cobalt nitrate hexahydrate claim 3 , manganese nitrate tetrahydrate claim 3 , manganese nitrate hexahydrate claim 3 , taken alone or as a mixture.5. Process according to claim 1 , in which the weight ratio of said metal salt to the porous support is between 0.3 ...

Oxide-based nanostructures and methods for their fabrication and use

Fabrication of oxide nanowire heterostructures with controlled morphology, interface and phase purity are desired for high-efficiency and low-cost photocatalysis. Disclosed herein is the formation of oxide nanowire heterostructures by sputtering and subsequent air annealing to result in oxide nanowires. This approach allows for fabrication of standing nanowire heterostructures with tunable compositions and morphologies.

HYDROFORMYLATION METHOD FOR THE LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION OF ALDEHYDES AND/OR ALCOHOLS

A process for preparing Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds from a bottom fraction arising in the distillation of a crude mixture of Cto Coxo-process aldehydes from cobalt-catalyzed or rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation, or in the distillation of a crude mixture of Cto Coxo-process alcohols, which comprises contacting the bottom fraction in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising copper oxide and aluminum oxide, at a temperature of 150° C. to 300° C. and a pressure of 20 bar to 300 bar and subjecting the resulting crude hydrogenation product to distillation, and the amount of Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds present in the crude hydrogenation product after the hydrogenation being greater than the amount of Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds given stoichiometrically from the hydrogenation of the ester and aldehyde compounds present in the bottom fraction, including the Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds still present in the bottom fraction before the hydrogenation. 19.-. (canceled)10. A process for preparing Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds from a bottom fraction arising in the distillation of a crude mixture of Cto Coxo-process aldehydes from cobalt-catalyzed or rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation , or in the distillation of a crude mixture of Cto Coxo-process alcohols , which comprises contacting the bottom fraction in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising copper oxide (CuO) and aluminum oxide , at a temperature of 180° C. to 260° C. and a pressure of 150 bar to 280 bar and subjecting the resulting crude hydrogenation product to distillation , and the amount of Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds present in the crude hydrogenation product after the hydrogenation being greater than the amount of Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds given stoichiometrically from the hydrogenation of the ester and aldehyde compounds present in the bottom fraction , including the Cto Cmonohydroxy compounds still present in the bottom fraction before the hydrogenation.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein ...

MULTI-STEP PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE TO MULTI-CARBON PRODUCTS

Systems and methods for the electrochemical conversion of COT to multi-carbon products are provided. Each system and method comprises a sequence of multiple, independently optimized electrochemical reaction steps that take place in separate reaction chambers. 1. A method of electrochemical conversion of COto a multi-carbon compound comprising:{'sub': '2', 'in a first reaction module, reacting COwith water under first electrochemical reaction conditions sufficient to produce CO and hydroxide ions;'}transferring the CO to a second reaction module;in the second reaction module, reacting the CO with water under second electrochemical reaction conditions sufficient to produce the multi-carbon compound; andcollecting the multi-carbon compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochemical reaction conditions differ from the second electrochemical reaction conditions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochemical reaction conditions include the use of a first catalyst and the second electrochemical reaction conditions include the use of a second catalyst.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first catalyst and the second catalyst are different.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-carbon compound is a multi-carbon alcohol claim 1 , a multi-carbon hydrocarbon claim 1 , a multi-carbon aldehyde or a multi-carbon carboxylic acid.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the multi-carbon alcohol is ethanol claim 5 , propanol claim 5 , or butanol.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the multi-carbon hydrocarbon is ethylene.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the multi-carbon aldehyde is acetaldehyde or propionaldehyde.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the multi-carbon carboxylic acid is acetic acid or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the multi-carbon alcohol is ethanol; the first electrochemical reaction conditions include contacting the COand water with an Ag-based catalyst or an Au-based catalyst claim 6 , and the second ...

Fabricating Porous Metallic Coatings Via Electrodeposition and Compositions Thereof

A method is provided for creating a porous coating on a surface of a substrate by electrodeposition. The substrate is a part of the cathode. An anode is also provided. A coating is deposited or disposed on the surface by applying a voltage that creates a plurality of porous structures on the surface to be coated. Continuing to apply a voltage creates additional porosity and causes portions of the attached porous structures to detach. A covering layer is created by applying a voltage that creates a thin layer that covers the attached porous structures and the detached portions which binds the porous structures and detached portions together. 1. An article , comprising: a surface having at least one region; and a porous coating on said at least one region of said surface , wherein the coating comprises a plurality of porous structures attached to said at least one region of said surface and at least one layer covering said porous structures.2. The article of wherein between said coating and said surface claim 1 , additionally applying one or more intermediate bonding layers between said coating and said surface.3. The article of wherein said coating and said surface are different materials claim 2 , and said one or more bonding layers are made of materials different from the materials of said coating and said surface.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein said coating is applied to said surface by electrodeposition5. The article of wherein said porous structures and said covering layer are separately selected from metals claim 1 , metal alloys claim 1 , metallic compounds claim 1 , conductive polymers or any combination thereof.6. The article of wherein said surface is a metal claim 1 , metal alloy claim 1 , metallic compound claim 1 , conductive polymer or any combination thereof.7. The article of wherein said coating and said surface are the same material.8. The article of wherein said coating and said surface are different materials.9. The article of wherein said ...

ELECTROSPUN POLYMERIC POROUS FIBERS CONTAINING NANOMATERIALS

Porous nanocomposite fibers are fabricated by electrospinning a solution including a polymer, a solvent, and a nanomaterial. The resulting fibers can be used in the form of a filter to remove a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants from an aqueous environment, and provide a macroscopic matrix to facilitate separation of the nanomaterial from the aqueous environment. 1. A method of fabricating nanocomposite fibers , the method comprising electrospinning a solution comprising a polymer , a solvent , and a nanomaterial to yield porous nanocomposite fibers.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the nanocomposite fibers is in a range of 0.5 μm to 5 μm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous nanocomposite fibers define pores having a pore size in a range of 25 nm to 200 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises polystyrene claim 1 , polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 1 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , polyacrylonitrile claim 1 , polyvinylidine fluoride claim 1 , or polycaprolactone.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial comprises at least one of a metal claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , or a carbonaceous nanomaterial.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nanomaterial comprises Ag claim 5 , Cu claim 5 , or Zn.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nanomaterial comprises TiO claim 5 , InO claim 5 , or FeO.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nanomaterial comprises graphene claim 5 , graphene oxide claim 5 , carbon nanotubes claim 5 , or activated carbon.9. A nanocomposite fiber comprising a nanomaterial embedded in a porous polymer fiber.10. The nanocomposite fiber of claim 9 , wherein the polymer fiber comprises polystyrene claim 9 , polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 9 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 9 , polyacrylonitrile claim 9 , polyvinylidine fluoride claim 9 , or polycaprolactone.11. The nanocomposite fiber of claim 9 , wherein the nanomaterial comprises at least one of a metal claim 9 , a metal oxide claim 9 , or a carbonaceous ...

SELECTIVE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF PROPANE TO PROPYLENE

The invention provides a method for generating alkenes, the method having the steps of contacting an alkane with catalyst clusters no greater than 10 nm for a time sufficient to convert the alkane to alkene. 1. An efficient method for generating alkenes , the method comprising contacting alkane with catalyst clusters no greater than 30 atoms for a time sufficient to convert the alkane to alkene , wherein the atoms are metal , and wherein conversion occurs thermophoto-chemically with ultraviolet or visible wavelength radiations.2. The method as recited in wherein the atoms are metals selected from the group consisting of copper claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , silver claim 1 , gold claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method as recited in wherein the catalyst clusters are positioned between 5 to 10 nm apart from each other.4. The method as recited in wherein the catalysts catalytic clusters are supported by rigid substrate.5. The method as recited in wherein the rigid substrate is a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 4 , iron-oxide claim 4 , silica oxide claim 4 , zeolites claim 4 , titanium oxide claim 4 , zinc oxide claim 4 , zirconium oxide claim 4 , tin oxide claim 4 , magnesium oxide claim 4 , cerium oxide and combinations thereof.6. The method as recited in wherein the catalytic clusters are deposited on a powder.7. The method as recited in wherein the method is conducted in a reaction vessel and the alkane is entrained in a carrier gas flowing through the vessel.8. The method as recited in wherein the carrier gas is an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen claim 7 , argon claim 7 , helium claim 7 , and combinations thereof.9. The method as recited in wherein the method is conducted at ambient pressure.10. The method as recited in wherein the method is conducted at pressures ranging from between about 0.01 atm and 20 atm.11. The method as recited in wherein the method ...

CATALYST AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

A method for making a solid material which is useful as a heterogeneous catalyst including the steps of: forming at least one copper oxide suspension comprising solid particles of copper oxide in a liquid; forming at least one carrier suspension comprising solid particles of a carrier material in a liquid; combining the copper oxide suspension and the carrier suspension; subjecting the combined suspensions to mechanical energy; separating the suspension liquid from the solid particles in the combined suspension; and subjecting the solid material to a thermal decomposition step. A catalyst made by the method has a BET surface area greater than 150 m/g, a particle size distribution in which D50 is in the range from 25-35 μm, and wherein the D50 after 60 minutes ultrasound treatment is at least 30% of the original value. 1. A method for making a solid particulate material which is useful as a heterogeneous catalyst comprising the steps of:(a) forming at least one copper oxide suspension comprising solid particles of copper oxide in a liquid;(b) forming at least one carrier suspension comprising solid particles of a carrier material in a liquid;(c) combining the copper oxide suspension and the carrier suspension;(d) subjecting the combined suspensions to mechanical energy;(e) separating the suspension liquid from the solid particles in the combined suspension; and(f) subjecting the separated solid particles to a thermal decomposition step.2. A method according to consisting essentially of steps (a)-(f).3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said carrier material has a D50 of between 10 and 50 μm.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said copper oxide has a D50 of between 10 and 100 μm.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from 5% to 90% by weight of copper oxide.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises subjecting the combined suspensions to a milling or grinding process.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein ...